Tharanja Gobalakrishnan, Prantho M. Dipta, Bernard Aidoo, John Le, Samithamby Jeyaseelan
Alcohol intake is widely accepted in diverse cultures around the world, although heavy and prolonged consumption can be harmful. Alcohol influences multiple organs through interorgan and intercellular signaling cascades. The common health conditions associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, neuropathies, cardiomyopathies, and dementia. By virtue of its anatomical orientation and function, the lung continually encounters microbes, and this can be exacerbated by excessive alcohol consumption. Alcohol abuse is a well-known risk factor for bacterial infection in the lung. Increased susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia is caused by impaired immune responses in individuals with AUD. The key cells to defend against pulmonary infections are innate immune cells, including alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and adaptive immune cells, such as T and B cells. This review highlights recent advances illuminating the roles of innate immune responses in bacterial pneumonia and the effects of alcohol in bacterial pneumonia. Understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with innate immunity in the lung is essential for developing effective strategies to control pneumonia and alcohol-mediated immunosuppression.
{"title":"Alcohol-induced susceptibility to pulmonary bacterial infections: A narrative review","authors":"Tharanja Gobalakrishnan, Prantho M. Dipta, Bernard Aidoo, John Le, Samithamby Jeyaseelan","doi":"10.1111/acer.70176","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70176","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Alcohol intake is widely accepted in diverse cultures around the world, although heavy and prolonged consumption can be harmful. Alcohol influences multiple organs through interorgan and intercellular signaling cascades. The common health conditions associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are pancreatitis, liver cirrhosis, neuropathies, cardiomyopathies, and dementia. By virtue of its anatomical orientation and function, the lung continually encounters microbes, and this can be exacerbated by excessive alcohol consumption. Alcohol abuse is a well-known risk factor for bacterial infection in the lung. Increased susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia is caused by impaired immune responses in individuals with AUD. The key cells to defend against pulmonary infections are innate immune cells, including alveolar macrophages, neutrophils, and adaptive immune cells, such as T and B cells. This review highlights recent advances illuminating the roles of innate immune responses in bacterial pneumonia and the effects of alcohol in bacterial pneumonia. Understanding the molecular mechanisms associated with innate immunity in the lung is essential for developing effective strategies to control pneumonia and alcohol-mediated immunosuppression.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 11","pages":"2427-2435"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kathryn C. Jenkins, Shiane Toleson, Alexa House, Kayla Kreutzer, K. Luan Phan, Stephanie M. Gorka
Background
Heightened alcohol cue reactivity is associated with alcohol problems and poor alcohol use disorder outcomes. Theory suggests that this reflects a conditioned response, whereby cues repeatedly paired with chronic alcohol use become more salient. However, few studies have investigated the relative emergence of heightened alcohol cue reactivity. It is possible that this response occurs very early in individual drinking trajectories and may play a role in shaping future alcohol use behavior.
Methods
We tested this hypothesis in a sample of youth (n = 159; ages 16–19) with limited lifetime alcohol exposure (<100 lifetime drinks). Participants completed a baseline cue reactivity task in which they viewed images of alcoholic beverages, high-calorie foods (reward control), and neutral objects. The late positive potential (LPP), measured using electroencephalography, is a positive-going event-related potential measured 400 ms after a visual cue. The LPP was used to index cue reactivity and scored as the average amplitude from parietal site Pz. At baseline and 12 months, participants completed a retrospective calendar of alcohol use. Participants were classified into groups based on lifetime alcohol exposure: (1) ≤ 10 drinks (n = 50), (2) ≤50 drinks (n = 74), (3) >50 drinks (n = 35).
Results
We ran a repeated measures analysis of variance to compare the effects of task condition (alcohol cues/food cues > neutral) and drink groups on LPP amplitude. Our results revealed a significant condition × drink group interaction. Follow-up analyses revealed that, for alcohol cues only, there was a significant group effect. The highest drink exposure group exhibited greater LPP relative only to the low drink exposure group. Next, we examined whether baseline LPP to alcohol cues predicted total drinks consumed 12 months later, while controlling for baseline drinking behavior. Greater LPP to alcohol cues was associated with an increase in drinks consumed at one year.
Conclusions
Heightened alcohol cue reactivity emerges with limited alcohol use and can be predictive of future drinking behaviors.
{"title":"Neural alcohol cue reactivity as a risk factor for future drinking in youth with limited alcohol exposure","authors":"Kathryn C. Jenkins, Shiane Toleson, Alexa House, Kayla Kreutzer, K. Luan Phan, Stephanie M. Gorka","doi":"10.1111/acer.70152","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70152","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heightened alcohol cue reactivity is associated with alcohol problems and poor alcohol use disorder outcomes. Theory suggests that this reflects a conditioned response, whereby cues repeatedly paired with chronic alcohol use become more salient. However, few studies have investigated the relative emergence of heightened alcohol cue reactivity. It is possible that this response occurs very early in individual drinking trajectories and may play a role in shaping future alcohol use behavior.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We tested this hypothesis in a sample of youth (<i>n</i> = 159; ages 16–19) with limited lifetime alcohol exposure (<100 lifetime drinks). Participants completed a baseline cue reactivity task in which they viewed images of alcoholic beverages, high-calorie foods (reward control), and neutral objects. The late positive potential (LPP), measured using electroencephalography, is a positive-going event-related potential measured 400 ms after a visual cue. The LPP was used to index cue reactivity and scored as the average amplitude from parietal site Pz. At baseline and 12 months, participants completed a retrospective calendar of alcohol use. Participants were classified into groups based on lifetime alcohol exposure: (1) ≤ 10 drinks (<i>n</i> = 50), (2) ≤50 drinks (<i>n</i> = 74), (3) >50 drinks (<i>n</i> = 35).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We ran a repeated measures analysis of variance to compare the effects of task condition (alcohol cues/food cues > neutral) and drink groups on LPP amplitude. Our results revealed a significant condition × drink group interaction. Follow-up analyses revealed that, for alcohol cues only, there was a significant group effect. The highest drink exposure group exhibited greater LPP relative only to the low drink exposure group. Next, we examined whether baseline LPP to alcohol cues predicted total drinks consumed 12 months later, while controlling for baseline drinking behavior. Greater LPP to alcohol cues was associated with an increase in drinks consumed at one year.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Heightened alcohol cue reactivity emerges with limited alcohol use and can be predictive of future drinking behaviors.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 10","pages":"2163-2171"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145202208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jack T. Waddell, Ty Brumback, Fiona C. Baker, Shayna Cheek, Duncan B. Clark, David B. Goldston, Jeremy L. Grove, Bonnie J. Nagel, Kate B. Nooner, Adolf Pfefferbaum, Kilian M. Pohl, Edith V. Sullivan, Susan F. Tapert, Wesley K. Thompson, Sandra A. Brown
Background
Binge drinking peaks during emerging adulthood and is associated with negative developmental outcomes. Within-person changes in cannabis use have been shown to coincide with binge drinking; however, whether within-person changes in binge drinking and cannabis use prospectively predict one another and whether these relations vary by age remain unknown. The current study sought to fill these gaps.
Methods
Data come from National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment (NCANDA) participants aged 18–25 years reporting alcohol and cannabis use (N = 526). Parallel-process state–trait mixed effect growth models tested whether: (1) binge drinking across emerging adulthood was correlated with cannabis use (random intercepts); (2) steeper growth in binge drinking across emerging adulthood correlated with growth in cannabis use (random slopes); and (3) age-specific, within-person changes in binge drinking/cannabis use reciprocally predicted one another.
Results
Across individuals, more frequent binge drinking was correlated with more frequent concurrent cannabis use, and steeper increases in binge drinking were correlated with steeper increases in cannabis use during emerging adulthood. Within-person changes in binge drinking and cannabis use covaried. Within-person increases in cannabis use predicted subsequent increases in binge drinking between ages 18 and 21 years but decreases in binge drinking between ages 24 and 25 years. Within-person changes in binge drinking did not predict subsequent changes in cannabis use during emerging adulthood.
Conclusions
Changes in cannabis use coincided with changes in binge drinking, concurrently and subsequently, particularly between ages 18 and 21 years when changes in cannabis use predicted subsequent increases in binge drinking and ages 24 and 25 years when changes in cannabis use predicted decreases in subsequent binge drinking. Incorporating motivational approaches to reduce cannabis use in alcohol interventions may be efficacious in early emerging adulthood.
{"title":"Mutual age-varying influences of binge drinking and cannabis use during emerging adulthood in the NCANDA cohort","authors":"Jack T. Waddell, Ty Brumback, Fiona C. Baker, Shayna Cheek, Duncan B. Clark, David B. Goldston, Jeremy L. Grove, Bonnie J. Nagel, Kate B. Nooner, Adolf Pfefferbaum, Kilian M. Pohl, Edith V. Sullivan, Susan F. Tapert, Wesley K. Thompson, Sandra A. Brown","doi":"10.1111/acer.70139","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70139","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Binge drinking peaks during emerging adulthood and is associated with negative developmental outcomes. Within-person changes in cannabis use have been shown to coincide with binge drinking; however, whether within-person changes in binge drinking and cannabis use prospectively predict one another and whether these relations vary by age remain unknown. The current study sought to fill these gaps.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data come from National Consortium on Alcohol and Neurodevelopment (NCANDA) participants aged 18–25 years reporting alcohol and cannabis use (<i>N</i> = 526). Parallel-process state–trait mixed effect growth models tested whether: (1) binge drinking across emerging adulthood was correlated with cannabis use (random intercepts); (2) steeper growth in binge drinking across emerging adulthood correlated with growth in cannabis use (random slopes); and (3) age-specific, within-person changes in binge drinking/cannabis use reciprocally predicted one another.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Across individuals, more frequent binge drinking was correlated with more frequent concurrent cannabis use, and steeper increases in binge drinking were correlated with steeper increases in cannabis use during emerging adulthood. Within-person changes in binge drinking and cannabis use covaried. Within-person increases in cannabis use predicted subsequent increases in binge drinking between ages 18 and 21 years but decreases in binge drinking between ages 24 and 25 years. Within-person changes in binge drinking did not predict subsequent changes in cannabis use during emerging adulthood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Changes in cannabis use coincided with changes in binge drinking, concurrently and subsequently, particularly between ages 18 and 21 years when changes in cannabis use predicted subsequent increases in binge drinking and ages 24 and 25 years when changes in cannabis use predicted decreases in subsequent binge drinking. Incorporating motivational approaches to reduce cannabis use in alcohol interventions may be efficacious in early emerging adulthood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 10","pages":"2239-2249"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dylan E. Kirsch, Erica N. Grodin, Lorenzo Leggio, Sherry A. McKee, Lindsay R. Meredith, Ethan H. Mereish, Robert Miranda Jr, Steven J. Nieto, Stephanie S. O'Malley, Joseph P. Schacht, Lara A. Ray
The alcohol cue-exposure paradigm has a long and rich history in alcohol use disorder (AUD) research, contributing to the identification of risk factors, the recognition of craving as a core symptom, the understanding of AUD neurobiology, and the development of both pharmacological and behavioral treatments. The goal of this review was to evaluate the utility of the alcohol cue-exposure paradigm as a screening tool for AUD medication development and to provide recommendations for refinement of the paradigm. First, we review evidence supporting the predictive validity and clinical applicability of the alcohol cue-exposure paradigm. Second, we examine current practices in implementing the paradigm in AUD pharmacotherapy studies. Third, we highlight several areas for refinement and offer recommendations for the implementation of this paradigm. Finally, we outline key conclusions and actionable future directions. In summary, while the alcohol cue-exposure paradigm has an established foundation in the study of AUD pharmacotherapies, its future success hinges on a concerted effort to refine and standardize protocols and validate outcome measures in large-scale studies. Addressing these priorities could accelerate the development and regulatory approval of novel treatments for AUD.
{"title":"The alcohol cue-exposure paradigm as a screening tool for alcohol use disorder medication development: A critical review","authors":"Dylan E. Kirsch, Erica N. Grodin, Lorenzo Leggio, Sherry A. McKee, Lindsay R. Meredith, Ethan H. Mereish, Robert Miranda Jr, Steven J. Nieto, Stephanie S. O'Malley, Joseph P. Schacht, Lara A. Ray","doi":"10.1111/acer.70170","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70170","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The alcohol cue-exposure paradigm has a long and rich history in alcohol use disorder (AUD) research, contributing to the identification of risk factors, the recognition of craving as a core symptom, the understanding of AUD neurobiology, and the development of both pharmacological and behavioral treatments. The goal of this review was to evaluate the utility of the alcohol cue-exposure paradigm as a screening tool for AUD medication development and to provide recommendations for refinement of the paradigm. First, we review evidence supporting the predictive validity and clinical applicability of the alcohol cue-exposure paradigm. Second, we examine current practices in implementing the paradigm in AUD pharmacotherapy studies. Third, we highlight several areas for refinement and offer recommendations for the implementation of this paradigm. Finally, we outline key conclusions and actionable future directions. In summary, while the alcohol cue-exposure paradigm has an established foundation in the study of AUD pharmacotherapies, its future success hinges on a concerted effort to refine and standardize protocols and validate outcome measures in large-scale studies. Addressing these priorities could accelerate the development and regulatory approval of novel treatments for AUD.</p>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 11","pages":"2412-2426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.70170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jacob A. Lebin, Colin Hensen, Zhixin Lun, Bethany M. Kwan, Elizabeth M. Goldberg, Ellen L. Burnham, Jason A. Hoppe
Background
Excessive alcohol use is a leading cause of preventable death in the United States, with the emergency department (ED) serving as a critical touchpoint for individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Despite clinical guidelines recommending initiation of medication for AUD (MAUD), such as naltrexone, ED prescribing remains rare. The objective of this study is to characterize clinician naltrexone prescribing practices for ED patients with hazardous drinking or AUD and identify patient- and encounter-level predictors of naltrexone prescribing within a large, integrated health system.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult ED encounters across 12 hospitals from 2022 to 2024. Eligible encounters included patients with a positive Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) screen, indicating hazardous alcohol use or an active AUD, who had no exclusion criteria contraindicating naltrexone and were discharged from the ED. The primary outcome was provision of a naltrexone prescription at ED discharge, and the secondary outcome was prescription fill. We used a multivariable logistic regression model with generalized estimating equation (GEE) to identify predictors of prescribing.
Results
Of 52,701 treatment-eligible ED encounters, only 0.5% resulted in a naltrexone prescription. Prescriptions were more likely in encounters involving younger, male patients with higher AUDIT-C scores, alcohol-related complaints, and those occurring at an academic ED. In the logistic GEE model, academic setting, alcohol withdrawal diagnosis, and greater alcohol misuse severity were independently associated with increased prescribing. Nearly half (45%) of ED naltrexone prescriptions were filled.
Conclusions
Naltrexone prescribing among treatment-eligible patients is rare. Encouragingly, nearly half of patients receiving a prescription proceeded to fill it, highlighting a promising opportunity for ED-based prescribing of naltrexone to initiate AUD treatment. To improve AUD care, systematic ED-based strategies are urgently needed that go beyond universal screening to address barriers to MAUD initiation.
{"title":"Predictors of naltrexone prescribing for alcohol use disorder from the emergency department","authors":"Jacob A. Lebin, Colin Hensen, Zhixin Lun, Bethany M. Kwan, Elizabeth M. Goldberg, Ellen L. Burnham, Jason A. Hoppe","doi":"10.1111/acer.70145","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Excessive alcohol use is a leading cause of preventable death in the United States, with the emergency department (ED) serving as a critical touchpoint for individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Despite clinical guidelines recommending initiation of medication for AUD (MAUD), such as naltrexone, ED prescribing remains rare. The objective of this study is to characterize clinician naltrexone prescribing practices for ED patients with hazardous drinking or AUD and identify patient- and encounter-level predictors of naltrexone prescribing within a large, integrated health system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adult ED encounters across 12 hospitals from 2022 to 2024. Eligible encounters included patients with a positive Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) screen, indicating hazardous alcohol use or an active AUD, who had no exclusion criteria contraindicating naltrexone and were discharged from the ED. The primary outcome was provision of a naltrexone prescription at ED discharge, and the secondary outcome was prescription fill. We used a multivariable logistic regression model with generalized estimating equation (GEE) to identify predictors of prescribing.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 52,701 treatment-eligible ED encounters, only 0.5% resulted in a naltrexone prescription. Prescriptions were more likely in encounters involving younger, male patients with higher AUDIT-C scores, alcohol-related complaints, and those occurring at an academic ED. In the logistic GEE model, academic setting, alcohol withdrawal diagnosis, and greater alcohol misuse severity were independently associated with increased prescribing. Nearly half (45%) of ED naltrexone prescriptions were filled.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Naltrexone prescribing among treatment-eligible patients is rare. Encouragingly, nearly half of patients receiving a prescription proceeded to fill it, highlighting a promising opportunity for ED-based prescribing of naltrexone to initiate AUD treatment. To improve AUD care, systematic ED-based strategies are urgently needed that go beyond universal screening to address barriers to MAUD initiation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 10","pages":"2310-2318"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hang Zhou, Lu Wang, Zhongzheng Mao, P. J. Michael Deans, Rachel L. Kember, Qingyu Chen, Yasmin Zakiniaeiz, Robert Kohler, MacKenzie R. Peltier, Terril L. Verplaetse, VA Million Veteran Program, Marc N. Potenza, Kristen J. Brennand, Amy C. Justice, Henry R. Kranzler, Joel Gelernter, Sherry A. McKee
Background
Alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality, with different prevalences between males and females. Despite the established genetic contribution to AUD, sex as a biological variable and the interplay with genetic factors in the disorder remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to address the key question as to how genetic variations interact with biological sex to influence the AUD risk.
Methods
We conducted genome-wide genotype-by-sex (G × S) interaction analyses using multiancestry datasets from the Million Veteran Program (MVP) and UK Biobank (UKB). In total, 1,039,476 participants were analyzed, comprising 150,429 AUD cases and 889,046 controls. AUD cases were defined using ICD-9/10 codes in the MVP and using ICD-10 codes (field ID 41270) along with self-reported history of alcohol addiction (field ID 20406) in the UKB.
Results
In single-ancestry analyses, we identified two loci in African ancestry samples with lead single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2183020 (p = 1.82 × 10−8) and rs9304803 (p = 4.66 × 10−8), and one locus in Admixed American ancestry samples with lead SNP rs9527196 (p = 2.83 × 10−8). The cross-ancestry meta-analysis identified one additional locus with lead SNP rs62446539 (p = 3.95 × 10−8). The deep learning method predicted that rs9304803 has B-cell type-specific enhancer activity. Rs2183020 and rs9304803 exhibited expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) effects on multiple genes across various tissues, including the brain. Further experiments in ethanol-exposed human neurons confirmed expression changes in several of these genes. Phenome-wide association analyses revealed significant associations between rs2183020 and weight/body mass index, and between rs9304803 and prothrombin time (measured as international normalized ratio).
Conclusions
We believe this is the first genome-wide G × S study of AUD, providing novel insights into the genetic basis of sex differences in AUD and advancing our understanding of its biological underpinnings.
{"title":"Genotype-by-sex interaction analyses for alcohol use disorder across biobanks","authors":"Hang Zhou, Lu Wang, Zhongzheng Mao, P. J. Michael Deans, Rachel L. Kember, Qingyu Chen, Yasmin Zakiniaeiz, Robert Kohler, MacKenzie R. Peltier, Terril L. Verplaetse, VA Million Veteran Program, Marc N. Potenza, Kristen J. Brennand, Amy C. Justice, Henry R. Kranzler, Joel Gelernter, Sherry A. McKee","doi":"10.1111/acer.70173","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70173","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Alcohol use and alcohol use disorder (AUD) are significant contributors to morbidity and mortality, with different prevalences between males and females. Despite the established genetic contribution to AUD, sex as a biological variable and the interplay with genetic factors in the disorder remain largely unexplored. This study aimed to address the key question as to how genetic variations interact with biological sex to influence the AUD risk.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted genome-wide genotype-by-sex (G × S) interaction analyses using multiancestry datasets from the Million Veteran Program (MVP) and UK Biobank (UKB). In total, 1,039,476 participants were analyzed, comprising 150,429 AUD cases and 889,046 controls. AUD cases were defined using ICD-9/10 codes in the MVP and using ICD-10 codes (field ID 41270) along with self-reported history of alcohol addiction (field ID 20406) in the UKB.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In single-ancestry analyses, we identified two loci in African ancestry samples with lead single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs2183020 (<i>p</i> = 1.82 × 10<sup>−8</sup>) and rs9304803 (<i>p</i> = 4.66 × 10<sup>−8</sup>), and one locus in Admixed American ancestry samples with lead SNP rs9527196 (<i>p</i> = 2.83 × 10<sup>−8</sup>). The cross-ancestry meta-analysis identified one additional locus with lead SNP rs62446539 (<i>p</i> = 3.95 × 10<sup>−8</sup>). The deep learning method predicted that rs9304803 has B-cell type-specific enhancer activity. Rs2183020 and rs9304803 exhibited expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) effects on multiple genes across various tissues, including the brain. Further experiments in ethanol-exposed human neurons confirmed expression changes in several of these genes. Phenome-wide association analyses revealed significant associations between rs2183020 and weight/body mass index, and between rs9304803 and prothrombin time (measured as international normalized ratio).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We believe this is the first genome-wide G × S study of AUD, providing novel insights into the genetic basis of sex differences in AUD and advancing our understanding of its biological underpinnings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 11","pages":"2485-2493"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.70173","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We have recently shown that estrogen-induced prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors are aggressive in prenatal alcohol-exposed female rats. In this study, we investigated whether similar tumor aggressiveness occurs in estrogen-treated prenatal alcohol-exposed male rats.
Methods
Pregnant Fischer 344 rats were fed from gestational days 7 and 21 with a liquid diet containing ethanol 6.7% v/v (AF), pair-fed with an isocaloric liquid diet (PF), or fed chow ad libitum (AD). Alcohol-fed dams exhibited a blood alcohol concentration of 120–150 mg/dL 2 h after the last feeding. Male offspring were orchiectomized at 60 days of age and implanted subcutaneously with estradiol implants. Four months after the estradiol implants, rats were sacrificed, and pituitary tumor tissues were collected. Tumor cells were isolated and cultured for analysis.
Results
Pituitary tumor cells from AF males exhibited stem-like cell properties and showed elevated expression of stem cell regulatory genes and proteins (SOX-2, OCT-4, KLF4, SNAIL-1, and Nestin), tumor aggressiveness markers (MMP-9, CD44, CD34, PTTG, FGFR4, Ki-67, N-Cadherin), and prolactin compared to those from AD and PF controls. AF cells also had a higher cell proliferation rate, increased invasiveness, and colony formation compared to those in AD and PF cells, indicating more aggressive cancer cells than control cells. Notably, AF cells had a higher expression of developmental pluripotency-associated 4 (Dppa4), a gene we recently identified as upregulated in aggressive tumors and in fetal alcohol-exposed animals.
Conclusions
These findings are consistent with our previous observations in estrogen-treated AF female rats. These results support the hypothesis that prenatal alcohol exposure programs the pituitary epithelium toward a mesenchymal stem cell-like phenotype, contributing to the development of aggressive pituitary prolactinomas in both sexes.
{"title":"Prenatal alcohol exposure increases the aggressiveness of estrogen-induced pituitary tumors in male rats","authors":"Shaista Chaudhary, Dipak K. Sarkar","doi":"10.1111/acer.70169","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We have recently shown that estrogen-induced prolactin-secreting pituitary tumors are aggressive in prenatal alcohol-exposed female rats. In this study, we investigated whether similar tumor aggressiveness occurs in estrogen-treated prenatal alcohol-exposed male rats.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pregnant Fischer 344 rats were fed from gestational days 7 and 21 with a liquid diet containing ethanol 6.7% v/v (AF), pair-fed with an isocaloric liquid diet (PF), or fed chow ad libitum (AD). Alcohol-fed dams exhibited a blood alcohol concentration of 120–150 mg/dL 2 h after the last feeding. Male offspring were orchiectomized at 60 days of age and implanted subcutaneously with estradiol implants. Four months after the estradiol implants, rats were sacrificed, and pituitary tumor tissues were collected. Tumor cells were isolated and cultured for analysis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pituitary tumor cells from AF males exhibited stem-like cell properties and showed elevated expression of stem cell regulatory genes and proteins (SOX-2, OCT-4, KLF4, SNAIL-1, and Nestin), tumor aggressiveness markers (MMP-9, CD44, CD34, PTTG, FGFR4, Ki-67, N-Cadherin), and prolactin compared to those from AD and PF controls. AF cells also had a higher cell proliferation rate, increased invasiveness, and colony formation compared to those in AD and PF cells, indicating more aggressive cancer cells than control cells. Notably, AF cells had a higher expression of developmental pluripotency-associated 4 (Dppa4), a gene we recently identified as upregulated in aggressive tumors and in fetal alcohol-exposed animals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings are consistent with our previous observations in estrogen-treated AF female rats. These results support the hypothesis that prenatal alcohol exposure programs the pituitary epithelium toward a mesenchymal stem cell-like phenotype, contributing to the development of aggressive pituitary prolactinomas in both sexes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 11","pages":"2461-2469"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.70169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecca Oramas, Yanabah Jaques, Natalie M. D'Silva, Reza Azanchi, John E. McGeary, Karla R. Kaun
Background
Drosophila melanogaster provides a powerful whole-organism approach for the therapeutic discovery of treatments for many disorders due to the ability to perform high-throughput drug studies with detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms. While Drosophila has been critical for identifying novel molecular and neural circuit mechanisms underlying alcohol responses, few studies assess the use of Drosophila for the investigation and discovery of pharmacological targets of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Determining appropriate doses that impact alcohol consumption and memory for alcohol reward without affecting acute locomotor responses is key to identifying effective AUD medications such as naltrexone, acamprosate, and topiramate. This pipeline can then be used to test novel pharmacotherapies, including γ-secretase inhibitors (such as dibenzazepine and compound E) as potential treatments for AUD.
Methods
To validate Drosophila as an effective model for studying pharmacological therapies for AUD, we identified nondisruptive drug doses in flies using feeding and locomotive assays. Then, we assessed their impact on ethanol consumption and conditioned preference in cue-induced alcohol-seeking after 1 or 3 days of training.
Results
Naltrexone and acamprosate significantly reduced ethanol food preference and 3-day conditioned preference, while topiramate did not. γ-secretase inhibitors dibenzazepine and compound E significantly decreased conditioned preference after 3 days.
Conclusion
Drosophila is a valuable model organism for identifying and characterizing new AUD pharmacotherapies.
{"title":"Investigating pharmacotherapies for alcohol use disorder using Drosophila melanogaster","authors":"Rebecca Oramas, Yanabah Jaques, Natalie M. D'Silva, Reza Azanchi, John E. McGeary, Karla R. Kaun","doi":"10.1111/acer.70146","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70146","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> provides a powerful whole-organism approach for the therapeutic discovery of treatments for many disorders due to the ability to perform high-throughput drug studies with detailed molecular and cellular mechanisms. While <i>Drosophila</i> has been critical for identifying novel molecular and neural circuit mechanisms underlying alcohol responses, few studies assess the use of <i>Drosophila</i> for the investigation and discovery of pharmacological targets of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Determining appropriate doses that impact alcohol consumption and memory for alcohol reward without affecting acute locomotor responses is key to identifying effective AUD medications such as naltrexone, acamprosate, and topiramate. This pipeline can then be used to test novel pharmacotherapies, including γ-secretase inhibitors (such as dibenzazepine and compound E) as potential treatments for AUD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To validate <i>Drosophila</i> as an effective model for studying pharmacological therapies for AUD, we identified nondisruptive drug doses in flies using feeding and locomotive assays. Then, we assessed their impact on ethanol consumption and conditioned preference in cue-induced alcohol-seeking after 1 or 3 days of training.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Naltrexone and acamprosate significantly reduced ethanol food preference and 3-day conditioned preference, while topiramate did not. γ-secretase inhibitors dibenzazepine and compound E significantly decreased conditioned preference after 3 days.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>Drosophila</i> is a valuable model organism for identifying and characterizing new AUD pharmacotherapies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 10","pages":"2294-2309"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.70146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Helen C. Fox, Jorge Alcina, Scott M. Hyman, Verica Milivojevic, Rajita Sinha
Background
This study examined the course of early alcohol abstinence symptoms across multiple clinical domains (i.e., cravings, withdrawal, mood, and cardiovascular measures) in individuals undergoing inpatient alcohol treatment and assessed whether cumulative lifetime adversity influences the severity and trajectory of these symptoms.
Methods
Researchers tracked withdrawal symptoms, alcohol cravings, mood states, heart rate, and blood pressure in 34 inpatient participants at treatment admission and weekly for three to four consecutive weeks. The analysis employed two approaches: first, examining symptom presentation and progression over time in alcohol-dependent individuals using cumulative adversity as a moderating variable; second, comparing symptom patterns between alcohol-dependent participants with high versus low lifetime adversity against 38 control participants at each timepoint.
Results
Abstinence symptoms resolved by the third week of inpatient treatment across all participants. However, alcohol-dependent individuals with greater lifetime adversity exhibited significantly more severe symptom patterns compared to alcohol-dependent individuals with fewer adverse experiences. These differences persisted even when controlling for recent alcohol and tobacco use severity over the preceding 3 months.
Conclusions
Understanding the profile and progression of early abstinence symptoms, along with stress-related moderating factors, could inform more personalized care planning. Cumulative lifetime adversity may serve as a readily measurable correlate of early abstinence severity and may be valuable for predicting alcohol treatment outcomes. Addressing the effects of cumulative lifetime adversity may serve as a target for early intervention in patients with alcohol use disorder.
{"title":"Early alcohol abstinence symptoms and the role of cumulative adversity","authors":"Helen C. Fox, Jorge Alcina, Scott M. Hyman, Verica Milivojevic, Rajita Sinha","doi":"10.1111/acer.70137","DOIUrl":"10.1111/acer.70137","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the course of early alcohol abstinence symptoms across multiple clinical domains (i.e., cravings, withdrawal, mood, and cardiovascular measures) in individuals undergoing inpatient alcohol treatment and assessed whether cumulative lifetime adversity influences the severity and trajectory of these symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Researchers tracked withdrawal symptoms, alcohol cravings, mood states, heart rate, and blood pressure in 34 inpatient participants at treatment admission and weekly for three to four consecutive weeks. The analysis employed two approaches: first, examining symptom presentation and progression over time in alcohol-dependent individuals using cumulative adversity as a moderating variable; second, comparing symptom patterns between alcohol-dependent participants with high versus low lifetime adversity against 38 control participants at each timepoint.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Abstinence symptoms resolved by the third week of inpatient treatment across all participants. However, alcohol-dependent individuals with greater lifetime adversity exhibited significantly more severe symptom patterns compared to alcohol-dependent individuals with fewer adverse experiences. These differences persisted even when controlling for recent alcohol and tobacco use severity over the preceding 3 months.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the profile and progression of early abstinence symptoms, along with stress-related moderating factors, could inform more personalized care planning. Cumulative lifetime adversity may serve as a readily measurable correlate of early abstinence severity and may be valuable for predicting alcohol treatment outcomes. Addressing the effects of cumulative lifetime adversity may serve as a target for early intervention in patients with alcohol use disorder.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 10","pages":"2225-2238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.70137","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145187656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
<p>The authors of a new study have identified distinct personality profiles of people with impulsivity, with different attributes that influence whether a person engages in, or avoids, high-risk drinking. The study suggests that the link between impulsivity and high-risk drinking is more nuanced than commonly understood. The profiles, described in <i>Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research</i>, may give health care providers a framework to personalize interventions more effectively to prevent harms related to alcohol use.</p><p>People with impulsive personalities tend to be highly emotionally reactive or act without sufficiently considering potential consequences. Impulsivity is associated with high-risk drinking and substance use, but not all impulsive individuals engage in problem drinking. Researchers for this study sought to identify any particular characteristics of impulsive personalities that distinguished those who engage in risky drinking behaviors from those who do not.</p><p>Two hundred participants recently treated for psychiatric symptoms underwent comprehensive assessments of personality traits, cognitive function, psychological symptoms, risk-taking behaviors, and alcohol consumption patterns. Analyzing all the data, researchers identified three personality profiles. A ‘low risk’ profile had low levels of both impulsivity and alcohol use disorder. An ‘emotionally reactive’ profile was highly impulsive but had low levels of alcohol use disorder symptoms. And a ‘high risk’ profile, had both high impulsivity and high levels of alcohol use disorder symptoms.</p><p>Each profile displayed distinguishing characteristics that guide clinical treatment to reduce the risk of problematic alcohol use. For example, the emotionally reactive group scored higher in neuroticism and lower in conscientiousness, suggesting interventions targeting emotion regulation, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy. Individuals in this group also scored higher on ‘fun-seeking’ and may better engage with interventions that incorporate novelty and stimulation. The high-risk group exhibited cognitive deficits on performance-based tasks reflective of impairments in decision-making and reward sensitivity, which are associated with substance use disorders. Treatment tailored to this group might include cognitive remediation therapies to improve deficits in memory, attention, problem-solving, and executive function.</p><p>The findings suggest that incorporating personality assessments into personalized treatment plans that address individual differences in personality and cognitive ability may more effectively prevent and treat problem alcohol use.</p><p>Profiles of impulsivity and alcohol use: Unveiling personality, cognitive traits, and DSM diagnoses. C. Lau, D. Downie, R. M. Bagby, B. G. Pollock, A. C. Ruocco, L. Quilty. (https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70116)</p><p>Medication for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) drops precipitously during pregnancy and is rarely resumed fo
作者的结论是，与怀孕是健康行为改变的机会之窗的概念相反，这些数据表明，怀孕可能预示着AUD治疗的中断。该研究揭示了孕期和产后AUD治疗的主要差距，并强调了改善结果的机会。美国孕期和产后酒精使用障碍的中止治疗C. Martin， J. Bello-Kottenstette， B. M. Galati， J. L. Buss， M. Terplan， H. Jones， K. T. Mitchell， S. Martins， R. Grucza， E. A. Suarez， K. Y. Xu（https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70117）Changes)可以在每年的初级保健就诊时通过简单的问卷调查来衡量长期以来不健康饮酒的情况。发表在《酒精：临床与实验研究》上的一项研究发现，在定期进行酒精使用筛查的初级保健人群中，酒精使用评分降低与紧急护理、急诊科或精神健康问题住院治疗的使用减少有关。这一发现可能会鼓励临床医生建议患者减少饮酒的好处，并激励医疗保健系统投资于治疗不健康的酒精使用。先前的研究表明，酒精使用与急性精神保健利用之间存在明确的关联。AUDIT-C是一份经过验证的问卷，患者经常被要求在初级保健就诊时填写，以筛查当时不健康的酒精使用水平。本研究发现，观察每年AUDIT-C评分的变化，可以识别急性精神卫生保健使用风险的变化。研究人员检查了10万多名患者的电子健康记录。他们发现，从一年到下一年，那些在AUDIT-C得分中有一到两项下降的人（即那些减少饮酒的人）在心理健康急症护理方面的使用率显著降低。那些在第一次到第二次审计- c筛选中得分稳定的人（即那些饮酒没有变化的人）的使用率相似。这些发现表明，减少饮酒可能是有益的，即使人们还没有准备好完全戒酒。其他研究发现，酒精使用的减少也与其他健康相关问题的减少有关，如焦虑、抑郁、肝病、因任何原因住院和死亡。这些发现对卫生保健提供者和保险公司有启示意义。也就是说，初级保健团队应该跟踪AUDIT-C评分随时间的变化，并可以向患者建议减少饮酒对心理健康的好处。此外，研究结果可能会激励医疗保健系统和保险公司在治疗不健康的酒精使用时将身心健康结合起来，以改善患者的健康状况，并降低与昂贵的医院精神卫生保健相关的成本。在初级保健人群中，审计- c评分变化与来年急性精神卫生保健利用之间的关系M. L. Lee， H. Jack， T. E. Matson， M. Oliver， J. Bobb， D. Berger， K. Bradley， K. Hallgren。（https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70125）Alcohol一项新的研究表明，戒断与肠道微生物群的组成和功能的积极变化有关，提高了我们对肠道对生理和行为健康的影响的理解，包括对酒精的渴望。目前的研究可能会导致酒精使用障碍（AUD）的新靶点和益生菌治疗。危险的饮酒模式与肠道微生物群的负面变化有关，这与脑部炎症和不健康行为（如AUD患者的社交能力受损、抑郁和焦虑）有关。先前的研究表明，某些肠道细菌会间接影响对酒精的渴望。在《酒精：临床与实验研究》杂志上的这项研究中，德国的科学家们把重点放在了丁酸盐上。丁酸盐是一种抗炎分子，也是一种短链脂肪酸，与调节食欲和可能的酒精渴望有关。研究人员对63名AUD患者进行了10-14天的戒断治疗，分析了他们的血液和粪便。他们使用宏基因组（“霰弹枪测序”）和统计分析来探索微生物组变化与酒精渴望之间的关系。在戒酒治疗期间，参与者的细菌负荷增加了，他们的肠道微生物群组成变得更像健康人，他们对酒精的渴望也减少了。研究人员观察到某些细菌的增加，这些细菌具有抗炎特性，支持丁酸盐的产生，似乎与心理健康有关。几种细菌丰度的变化与白细胞介素（il，参与免疫反应的蛋白质，如炎症）水平的变化有关。 参与者合成丁酸盐的潜力的提高可能导致更高的丁酸盐水平，从而更有效地调节食欲。此外，IL-8水平的下降表明它在与酒精渴望和饮酒相关的脑部炎症中起作用。一种特定细菌水平的下降表明它与饮酒有关。这项研究有助于阐明肠道和大脑之间影响身心健康的联系。这一发现进一步证明，丁酸盐可能通过调节食欲来影响对酒精的渴望，可能是一种潜在的治疗靶点。他们强调了某些白细胞介素、特定微生物组组成和某些疾病结局之间的联系，炎症可能介导肠道微生物组和酒精渴望之间的联系。酒精戒断治疗对酒精使用障碍患者肠道微生物群的影响及其与炎症和渴望的联系P. Proskynitopoulos， S. Woltemate， M. Rhein， I. Böke， J. Molks， S. Schröder， S. Bleich， H. Frieling， R. Geffers， A. Glahn， M. Vital。(https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70128)
{"title":"Articles of Public Interest","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/acer.70167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70167","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The authors of a new study have identified distinct personality profiles of people with impulsivity, with different attributes that influence whether a person engages in, or avoids, high-risk drinking. The study suggests that the link between impulsivity and high-risk drinking is more nuanced than commonly understood. The profiles, described in <i>Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research</i>, may give health care providers a framework to personalize interventions more effectively to prevent harms related to alcohol use.</p><p>People with impulsive personalities tend to be highly emotionally reactive or act without sufficiently considering potential consequences. Impulsivity is associated with high-risk drinking and substance use, but not all impulsive individuals engage in problem drinking. Researchers for this study sought to identify any particular characteristics of impulsive personalities that distinguished those who engage in risky drinking behaviors from those who do not.</p><p>Two hundred participants recently treated for psychiatric symptoms underwent comprehensive assessments of personality traits, cognitive function, psychological symptoms, risk-taking behaviors, and alcohol consumption patterns. Analyzing all the data, researchers identified three personality profiles. A ‘low risk’ profile had low levels of both impulsivity and alcohol use disorder. An ‘emotionally reactive’ profile was highly impulsive but had low levels of alcohol use disorder symptoms. And a ‘high risk’ profile, had both high impulsivity and high levels of alcohol use disorder symptoms.</p><p>Each profile displayed distinguishing characteristics that guide clinical treatment to reduce the risk of problematic alcohol use. For example, the emotionally reactive group scored higher in neuroticism and lower in conscientiousness, suggesting interventions targeting emotion regulation, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy. Individuals in this group also scored higher on ‘fun-seeking’ and may better engage with interventions that incorporate novelty and stimulation. The high-risk group exhibited cognitive deficits on performance-based tasks reflective of impairments in decision-making and reward sensitivity, which are associated with substance use disorders. Treatment tailored to this group might include cognitive remediation therapies to improve deficits in memory, attention, problem-solving, and executive function.</p><p>The findings suggest that incorporating personality assessments into personalized treatment plans that address individual differences in personality and cognitive ability may more effectively prevent and treat problem alcohol use.</p><p>Profiles of impulsivity and alcohol use: Unveiling personality, cognitive traits, and DSM diagnoses. C. Lau, D. Downie, R. M. Bagby, B. G. Pollock, A. C. Ruocco, L. Quilty. (https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.70116)</p><p>Medication for Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) drops precipitously during pregnancy and is rarely resumed fo","PeriodicalId":72145,"journal":{"name":"Alcohol (Hanover, York County, Pa.)","volume":"49 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/acer.70167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145135607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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