Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials最新文献

Sonodynamic therapy has exhibited tremendous merits such as deep tissue penetration, minimal invasiveness, and neglectable side effects, but the strong O₂ dependence and complex tumor microenvironment limit the therapy efficiency. Herein, a type of BaTiO₃@MnO₂-based Z-scheme nano-heterojunction has been conjugated to doxorubicin-loaded carbon nanotubes to form functionalized hybrid nanocomposites for O₂-independent and TME-modulating combinational tumor therapy. The existences of BaTiO₃ and MnO₂ afford a built-in microelectric field which induces band tilting to effectively transfer electrons with a Z-scheme track, prolonged the electron–hole separation lifetime, and maintained strong redox potentials for hydrolysis and abundant reactive oxygen species generation. The in vivo experiments prove that nano-heterojunctions actively accumulate at the tumor after intravenous injection and demonstrate a glutathione-responsive behavior to impair tumor anti-oxidant and enhance ROS contents. It was also noted that the ultrasound-mediated treatment in association with nano-heterojunctions showed a superior O₂-independent tumor elimination (up to 90%) in company with dramatic recruitments of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells. Therefore, this study has validated the BaTiO₃@MnO₂-based Z-scheme nano-heterojunctions with tumor therapeutic interference in a drug-device-field integration manner and highlighted their promising utilities for modulating the tumor microenvironment and overcoming the O₂ dependence for an efficacious tumor therapy in live animals.

Metal-doped (Cu, Zn, Mn) g-C₃N₄ was synthesized by a simple high-temperature process, followed by the insertion of one-dimensional nanofibrillar cellulose (CNF) into the two-dimensional g-C₃N_4. Photocatalytic composite membranes were then prepared using a vacuum-assisted filtration method. A series of characterization techniques, including XRD, SEM, FT-IR, and UV–vis DRS, were employed to systematically analyze the microstructure, chemical composition, and physicochemical properties of the designed g-C₃N₄/CNF composite membranes. The results indicated that the visible photocatalytic activity of the metal-doped photocatalysts was enhanced, which is beneficial for pollutant degradation by reducing the bandgap and extending the absorption of visible light. Notably, the composite membrane prepared with Mn-doped g-C₃N₄ demonstrated the highest photocatalytic performance in degrading rhodamine B dye, achieving a 42.6% degradation rate within 7 h. Additionally, the water flux and retention rate of the composite membranes were improved after metal doping, with Zn-doped g-C₃N₄ showing approximately six times the water flux of undoped g-C₃N₄, reaching a rate of 293.64 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹·bar⁻¹.

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This work presents the design and development of multi-layered polymer-based nanocomposites that effectively block electromagnetic (EM) radiation by incorporating magnetic CoFe₂O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) and conductive graphite on a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix. The sonochemical method was employed to produce CoFe₂O₄ NPs with a high degree of purity. The melt mixing process followed by compression molding was utilized to generate individual layers of TPU containing CoFe₂O₄ NPs (F-TPU) and graphite (G-TPU) at a thickness of around 0.8 mm. Further, three mono-layers of either F-TPU or G-TPU were stacked in an identical and alternating fashion to create TPU-based multi-layered nanocomposites F/F/F, G/G/G, F/G/F, and G/F/G, respectively. The electromagnetic interference (EMI) total shielding effectiveness (SE_T) in the X-band frequency range of 8.2–12.4 GHz was investigated and observed to be 3.7 dB, 33.8 dB, 23.9 dB, and 54.0 dB for F/F/F, G/G/G, F/G/F, and G/F/G, respectively. This research offers a guide for engineers looking to create superior EMI shielding materials, which have potential uses in radar security and information communications.

Advancing modern technology has propelled biomedicine and materials science to the forefront of scientific interest. As modern science evolves, it demands greater synergy between disciplines. In the realm of orthopaedics, the complex architecture of bone necessitates implants that balance strength with porosity. This dual requirement beckons a profound grasp that spans the realms of biomedicine and materials science, urging a deep dive into both fields to craft the perfect synergy for bone implant materials. Journeying through materials and orthopaedic science, this article systematically discussed the preparation of 3D porous structures by electrospinning technology for orthopaedics. It began by detailing electrospinning techniques, their principles, processes, materials, and design strategies within materials science. Material characterization methods were then presented. In biomedicine, we offered a concise overview of standard testing methods, from cell viability to staining. Building on the foundational knowledge of both fields, it reviewed 3D electrospinning strategies and summarized recent research progress in bone tissue culture with this method. This review sought to offer a structured comprehension of the intersecting disciplines to researchers, establishing a robust basis for material innovation tailored to orthopaedic-specific demands.

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After decades of research, mimicking the intricate structure of nacre shells with flawlessly packed blocks remains a laborious task in composite material design. For practical reasons, less ideal alternatives with reduced packing densities below 70 vol.% are often being explored. However, the extent to which the features of the nacre structure can be exploited remains unclear. This paper investigates whether mimicking nacre design in non-densely packed composites can still deliver exceptional mechanical performance. A wide range of ceramic particles (80–100 µm, including spheres and platelets) and methacrylate-based polymers was studied. All the composites exhibited little variation in strength (100–150 MPa) and E-modulus regardless of hierarchical structure, particle size, shape, or interfacial bonding, highlighting the greater importance of particle packing over these factors for ceramic loadings below 65 vol.%. In particular, the benefits of micron-sized anisotropic particles were diminished by the fundamental challenges in aligning such blocks: although these assemblies significantly enhanced fracture resistance, the elastic modulus was still lower than expected (25 GPa). A polydisperse mixture of irregularly shaped micron-sized particles surprisingly achieved a high elastic modulus of 20 GPa, suggesting that an optimized size distribution can provide benefits comparable to those of particle anisotropy. Composites loaded with small particles (< 500 nm) exhibited two key effects: the solvation shells contributed to the total organic content significantly, limiting the maximum ceramic loading, and the polymer confined within small interparticle voids exhibited increased stiffness, leading to more brittle fracture despite the abundance of organic phase. Both phenomena should be accounted for in theoretical simulations and the practical design of composite materials.

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MXenes are nanostructures with unique characteristics, such as hydrophilicity, large surface area, strong metallic conductivity, strong ion transport capabilities, biocompatibility, minimal diffusion barrier, and easy functionalization, which make these compounds suitable for bioanalytical applications. These materials are formed of transition metallic nitrides, carbides, or carbonitrides. Owing to their unique properties, MXenes have gained interest in various fields, including sustainable energy generation, fuel cells, supercapacitors, electronics, and catalysis. The composition and layered structure have made MXenes particularly appealing to biosensing applications. They can be used in electrochemical biosensors because of their high conductivity and multilayered architecture, which ensure the retention of activity in immobilized biomolecules. This review highlights the application of MXenes in electrochemical and optical biosensors, identifying future requirements and potential in this sector, particularly in the development of wearable sensors and platforms with integrated biomolecule detection.

The problems of heavy metal and dye contamination in wastewater urgently requires green, efficient, and convenient removal strategy. In this paper, a new type of γ-Fe₂O₃/CeO₂/cellulose nanofibril (CNF) composite film (CNFMONP film) adsorbent based on nanocellulose was facilely prepared which is green, easy to be recycled, and has high-efficiency adsorption performance. The proposed CNFMONP films exhibited rough surface, excellent mechanical properties, and stability performance, as well as satisfying adsorption removal performance for Pb²⁺ and Cu²⁺, with removal rates of 77.9% and 69.6%, respectively. In addition, a removal rate of up to 95.4% for the dye methylene blue (MB) was also achieved under UV illumination. The adsorption kinetics showed that the CNFMONP films were mainly chemisorbed for heavy metals. Besides, isotherm analysis indicated that monolayer adsorption is the adsorption behavior of the proposed film types adsorbent for heavy metals and dyes. Furthermore, the CNFMONP films still have excellent adsorption affinity after five rounds of cycles, with high adsorption efficiency of 75.0% for Pb²⁺ in complex environment. Therefore, environmentally friendly CNFMONP films with excellent stabilization and adsorption properties were simply prepared, which may provide a highly efficient way for recyclable and multi adsorption of heavy metals and dyes.

Trace amounts of antibiotics in water can accumulate in the human body through the food chain, posing significant health risks. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop simple and effective methods for detecting antibiotics in water. In this study, we prepared electrochemical aptamer sensors based on carbon nanotubes@polystyrene sulfonate-gold nanoparticles/reduced graphene oxide (CNT@PSS-AuNPs/rGO) layered thin films for real-time, on-site detection of ciprofloxacin (CIP) in aquaculture environments, utilizing a portable sensing detection device. The CNT@PSS-AuNPs/rGO layered film offers an excellent specific surface area, providing ample binding sites for the aptamer. The functionalized CNT@PSS-AuNPs enhance the dispersibility and conductivity of the substrate material and increase the surface area of the electrode when loaded with rGO. Under optimal experimental conditions, the developed sensor exhibits a dynamic range from 4 ng/mL to 1.0 × 10³ ng/mL and a limit of detection of 4 ng/mL (S/N = 3), demonstrating satisfactory sensitivity. The sensor also shows good stability, with a relative standard deviation of less than 1% after 100 repeated measurements. Moreover, when combined with a portable detection platform, CIP levels in aqueous environments can be analyzed intelligently, rapidly, and timely. Our study aims to promote simple and effective detection strategies, potentially extending their practical applications.

Advanced Composites and Hybrid Materials (ACHM) provides an international, interdisciplinary, and high starting point exchange platform for materials scientists, engineers, chemists, biologists, and physicists engaged in the research of composites, especially nanocomposites. This review mainly outlines the basic situation and development process of ACHM since its launch in 2018, with a focus on analyzing its main research fields, representative research achievements, and its promotion and contribution to social science progress. In addition, a comparative analysis is conducted on the advantages of ACHM in similar journals, as well as its future positioning and development direction.

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Hydrogels have been utilized in various medical applications, including drug delivery, tissue repair, biosensors, wound dressing, and antimicrobial activity. Electrically conducting hydrogels are particularly promising due to their unique features, such as high-water content, biocompatibility, and adjustable mechanical and electrical properties. In this study, we developed novel conductive polyaniline-based hydrogel systems with enhanced antibacterial and mechanical properties. We specifically investigated the contributions of polyacrylamide, chitosan, phytic acid, and polyaniline to the hydrogel’s electrical sensitivity and stability under strain. Phytic acid and polyaniline were found to significantly improve the hydrogel’s electrical sensitivity and mechanical stability. Phytic acid, in the presence of calcium ions, further enhanced the mechanical properties, while polyaniline increased the electrical conductivity of the hydrogel by approximately sevenfold and also improved its mechanical properties. The newly developed conductive hydrogel system shows great potential for biomedical applications, including wearable sensors.