Acta tropica最新文献_第9页

Susceptibility to the larvicide pyriproxyfen and genotyping of kdr mutations in two Aedes aegypti populations from Maranhão State, Brazil 巴西maranh<e:1>州两个埃及伊蚊种群对杀幼虫剂吡丙醚的易感性和kdr突变的基因分型

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107946

Valéria Cristina Soares Pinheiro , Juliete Lima Viana , Joelma Soares da Silva , Márcia Verônica Pereira Gonçalves , Aylane Tamara dos Santos Andrade , Luiz Paulo Brito , Ademir Jesus Martins

Aedes aegypti is the main vector of arboviruses in the Americas, including dengue, Zika and chikungunya. In Brazil, initial control strategies relied on insecticides, but their continuous use has promoted resistance, mainly through metabolic changes and knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations, which are key molecular markers of pyrethroid resistance. This study evaluated the susceptibility of Ae. aegypti populations from Caxias and São Mateus (Maranhão State) to the larvicide pyriproxyfen and investigated the frequency of the kdr SNPs V410L, V1016I and F1534C. Eggs collected in the field were reared to the F1 generation, and L3 larvae were subjected to quantitative bioassays to determine emergence inhibition (EI) indexes. DNA extracted from adults was analyzed by qPCR to assess kdr allele frequencies. Bioassays showed 98 % mortality in Caxias and 100 % in São Mateus when exposed to 0.8 μg/mL of pyriproxyfen. EI₅₀ values were 0.094 mg/L and 0.083 mg/L, while EI₉₀ values reached 1.596 mg/L and 0.558 mg/L, respectively. Resistance ratios, relative to the Rockefeller strain, were 1.175 and 1.038, indicating susceptibility. Regarding kdr markers, we observed a predominance of the kdr R1 allele (VVC, mutated at site 1534) in Caxias (50 %) and of the kdr R2 allele (LIC, mutated at sites 410, 1016 and 1534) in São Mateus (53 %). The wild-type S allele (VVF, without mutations) showed frequencies of 47 % and 8 % in Caxias and São Mateus, respectively. Despite the presence of pyrethroid-resistant alleles, no phenotypic resistance to the IGR pyriproxyfen was observed. These results confirm the effectiveness of pyriproxyfen against Ae. aegypti in Maranhão, while the presence of kdr mutations underscores the need for ongoing surveillance and integrated management to prevent resistance.

埃及伊蚊是美洲虫媒病毒的主要载体，包括登革热、寨卡病毒和基孔肯雅热。在巴西，最初的控制策略依赖于杀虫剂，但它们的持续使用主要通过代谢变化和敲低抗性（kdr）突变促进了抗性，这是拟除虫菊酯抗性的关键分子标记。本研究对伊蚊的敏感性进行了评价。对马兰赫州Caxias和s o Mateus （maranh State）的埃及伊蚊种群使用杀幼虫剂吡丙醚，并对kdr snp V410L、V1016I和F1534C的频率进行了调查。田间采集虫卵，饲养至F1代，对L3幼虫进行定量生物测定，测定羽化抑制（EI）指数。采用qPCR分析成人提取的DNA，评估kdr等位基因频率。在0.8 μg/mL的吡丙醚浓度下，黄颡鱼死亡率为98%，黄颡鱼死亡率为100%。EI50分别为0.094 mg/L和0.083 mg/L， EI90分别为1.596 mg/L和0.558 mg/L。相对于Rockefeller品系，抗性比分别为1.175和1.038，表现为敏感性。在kdr标记方面，我们观察到kdr R1等位基因（VVC，在1534位点突变）在Caxias中占50%，kdr R2等位基因（LIC，在410、1016和1534位点突变）在 o Mateus中占53%。野生型S等位基因（VVF，无突变）在Caxias和 o Mateus中的频率分别为47%和8%。尽管存在拟除虫菊酯抗性等位基因，但未观察到对IGR吡丙醚的表型抗性。这些结果证实了吡丙醚对伊蚊的防治效果。而kdr突变的存在强调需要持续监测和综合管理，以防止耐药性。

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引用次数: 0

Loss of tegumental papillae and spines during maturation of Clonorchis sinensis: Evidence from colchicine disruption 华支睾吸虫成熟过程中被毛乳头和棘的丧失：来自秋水仙碱破坏的证据。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107945

Eun-Min Kim

Clonorchis sinensis is a foodborne liver fluke and Group 1 carcinogen endemic to East Asia. Its syncytial tegument mediates host–parasite interactions and serves as the primary target of praziquantel (PZQ), which exhibits reduced efficacy against juvenile stages. This study investigated whether tegumental papillae and spines are truly lost or internalized during the maturation of C. sinensis, and employed colchicine as a diagnostic perturbation to probe for subtegumental remnants. Excysted metacercariae, juvenile worms (10 days postinfection), and adult worms (4 weeks postinfection) were examined using scanning electron microscopy; a subset of adults was treated with colchicine (1 µM, 37°C, 6 h). Tegumental spines were quantified per 100 µm² on calibrated images. Spine density declined from 36 ± 2 / 100 µm² in metacercariae to 6 ± 1 / 100 µm² in juveniles (Welch’s t-test, P < 0.05) and was below quantifiable limits in adults (0–2 / 100 µm², qualitative). Colchicine-treated adults exhibited distal surface fragmentation without revealing hidden spines or papillae. These findings provide quantitative morphological evidence that papillae and spines are progressively lost, rather than internalized, during maturation of C. sinensis, thereby clarifying a key aspect of tegumental remodeling across developmental stages.

华支睾吸虫是一种食源性肝吸虫，是东亚特有的一类致癌物。它的合胞皮介导宿主与寄生虫的相互作用，是吡喹酮（PZQ）的主要靶点，吡喹酮对幼虫期的药效较低。本研究探讨了在中华香椿成熟过程中被毛乳头和棘是否真的丢失或内化，并采用秋水仙碱作为诊断扰动来探测被毛下残留。扫描电镜观察囊出的囊蚴、感染后10天的稚虫和感染后4周的成虫；一部分成人用秋水仙碱处理（1µM, 37°C, 6 h）。在校准图像上每100 μ m²定量被盖棘。棘密度从囊蚴的36±2 / 100µm²下降到幼虫的6±1 / 100µm²（Welch’st检验，P < 0.05），低于成虫的可量化极限（0-2 / 100µm²，定性）。秋水仙碱处理的成人表现出远端表面碎裂，没有显示隐藏的棘或乳头。这些发现提供了定量形态学证据，表明在中华月牙的成熟过程中，乳突和棘是逐渐消失的，而不是内化的，从而阐明了发育阶段被盖重塑的一个关键方面。

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引用次数: 0

Phlebotomine sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae: Phlebotominae) from forest and peridomestic environments in the state of Rondônia, Brazil: diversity, blood feeding and natural infection by trypanosomatids 巴西Rondônia州森林和家庭环境中的白蛉（双翅目：蠓科：白蛉科）：多样性、吸血和锥虫的自然感染。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107943

Tivian Raphaella Melo Munis , Michelli Santos da Silva , Kamila Pereira França , Jansen Fernandes Medeiros

The transmission cycle of diseases associated with phlebotomine is generally zoonotic, involving mammals as reservoirs in forested areas. However, human occupation and the anthropization of these environments have favored the inclusion of humans as accidental hosts. This study aimed to assess the diversity of phlebotomine sand flies in different municipalities of the state of Rondônia, Brazil, as well as investigate trypanosomatid infections and identify the blood meal sources of these insects. Phlebotomine sand fly collections were conducted in peri‑urban areas of ten municipalities in Rondônia, using HP traps adapted with green LED light for 12 h over three consecutive nights in forest fragments and peridomestic environments. After mounting and identification, the specimens were subjected to molecular analyses targeting the 18S region to detect trypanosomatids and to determine the blood-feeding sources of engorged females. A total of 4886 phlebotomine sand flies were identified, distributed in 50 species belonging to 13 genera. This study is the first to report Evandromyia teratodes in the state of Rondônia. The most abundant species were females of Nyssomyia antunesi (complex) (2402), Evandromyia walkeri (753) and Nyssomyia urbinattii (428). A higher species diversity was observed in forest environments when compared to peridomestic areas. Molecular analyses targeting the V7V8 region of the 18S gene revealed the presence of Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis DNA in Psychodopygus hirsutus and Evandromyia walkeri. Additionally, Trypanosoma minasense DNA was detected in pooled females of the Ny. antunesi (complex) and in one pool belonging to the genus Trichophoromyia sp. Seven blood meal sources were identified in 24 engorged females, namely Homo sapiens, Tapirus terrestris, Sus scrofa, gallus, Proechimys longicaudatus, Choloepus hoffmanni and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris. These findings reinforce the importance of entomological surveillance in the face of environmental changes that influence the distribution and epidemiological significance of phlebotomine sand flies in the Amazon region.

与白蛉碱有关的疾病的传播周期通常是人畜共患的，涉及作为森林地区宿主的哺乳动物。然而，人类的占领和这些环境的人类化倾向于将人类作为意外宿主。本研究旨在评估巴西Rondônia州不同城市白蛉的多样性，调查锥虫感染并确定这些昆虫的血粉来源。在Rondônia 10个城市的城郊地区，使用装有绿色LED灯的高压捕蝇器，连续3个晚上在森林碎片和住宅周围环境中采集白蛉，持续12小时。标本安装鉴定后，针对18S区进行分子分析，检测锥虫，确定充血雌虫的吸血来源。共鉴定白蛉4886只，分属13属50种。这项研究首次报道了Rondônia州的畸胎性Evandromyia。最丰富的种类是雌性的安图尼丝蝇（复合）（2,402）、walkerevandromyia（753）和urbinattii（428）。森林环境的物种多样性高于圈养区。对巴西利什曼原虫18S基因V7V8区进行分子分析，发现在毛绒心蝽和沃克氏Evandromyia walkeri中存在利什曼原虫DNA。此外，在纽约的雌性群体中检测到浅鼻锥虫DNA。在24只雌性中共鉴定出7种血食源，分别为智人（Homo sapiens）、地貘（Tapirus terrestris）、Sus scrofa、Gallus Gallus、Proechimys longicaudatus、Choloepus hoffmanni和Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris。这些发现加强了昆虫学监测的重要性，以应对影响亚马逊地区白蛉分布和流行病学意义的环境变化。

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引用次数: 0

Species composition and diversity of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Algeria 阿尔及利亚库蠓属蠓科蠓的种类组成及多样性（双翅目：蠓科）

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107944

Assia Feghrour , Azzedine Bounamous , Bilal Dik , Slimane Tabet , Haroun Chenchouni

Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) transmit various protozoa, bacteria, and viruses to both animals and humans. In Algeria, the most serious illness affecting sheep is bluetongue. This study compared the abundance and species composition of Culicoides across biotopes (peri‑urban and rural), elevation ranges, and various bioclimatic zones (humid, sub-humid, and semi-arid). The collection of Culicoides was accomplished from February to October for two subsequent years (2023 and 2024) utilizing CDC light traps positioned in 18 locations throughout three provinces. In total, 922 specimens (855 females and 67 males) belonging to nine subgenera and 23 species. The species Culicoides brunnicans (Edward, 1939) was documented for the first time in Algeria and North Africa. Across all the surveyed sites, Culicoides imicola showed the highest prevalence (23.96 %), followed by Culicoides obsoletus complex (19.52 %), and Culicoides punctatus (13.77 %). Of the Culicoides collected, these three species constitute 57 %. Similarity analysis based on Venn diagrams and diversity indices revealed a considerable overlap of Culicoides species between peri‑urban and rural areas, with several species shared across both landscapes. However, rural sites harbored the highest number of exclusive species, highlighting their greater contribution to overall species richness. Culicoides total abundance showed negative correlations with elevation. Culicoides community composition presented no significant correlation with the climatic factors (precipitation, mean temperature, and relative humidity). However, when examined at the provincial scale, significant correlations emerged in one province, where Culicoides composition was associated with temperature and humidity. The findings of this study help to understand the relation between environmental factors and the abundance, diversity and distribution of Culicoides, and create strategies for vector control in all three provinces and throughout Algeria.

库蠓（双翅目：蠓科）传播各种原生动物、细菌和病毒给动物和人类。在阿尔及利亚，影响绵羊的最严重疾病是蓝舌病。本研究比较了不同生物类型（城郊和乡村）、海拔范围和不同生物气候带（湿润、半湿润和半干旱）库蠓的丰度和种类组成。在随后的两年（2023年和2024年）中，于2月至10月利用设在三个省18个地点的CDC灯诱器完成了库蠓的收集。共有922个标本（雌855个，雄67个），分属9个亚属23种。brunnicans （Edward, 1939）种首次在阿尔及利亚和北非被记录。在所有调查点中，imicola的患病率最高（23.96%），其次是C. obsoletus complex（19.52%）和C. punctatus（13.77%）。在收集到的库蠓中，这三种占57%。基于Venn图和多样性指数的相似性分析显示，城市周边和农村地区库蠓物种有相当大的重叠，有一些物种在两个景观中共享。然而，农村地区特有物种数量最多，对整体物种丰富度的贡献更大。库蠓总丰度与海拔高度呈负相关。库蠓群落组成与气候因子（降水、平均温度和相对湿度）无显著相关。然而，当在省级尺度上进行检查时，在一个省出现了显著的相关性，其中库蠓的组成与温度和湿度有关。本研究结果有助于了解环境因素与库蠓的丰度、多样性和分布之间的关系，并有助于在所有三个省和阿尔及利亚全国制定病媒控制策略。

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引用次数: 0

Metatranscriptomic insights into feeding preferences, bacterial diversity, and insect-specific viruses genomics in Aedes aegypti populations from Ibagué, Colombia 哥伦比亚伊巴古伊蚊种群摄食偏好、细菌多样性和昆虫特异性病毒基因组学的亚转录组学研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107941

Weimar David Briñez Zabaleta , Juan David Rojas Gomez , Laura Fernanda Santofimio Villa , Natalia Barrera Angarita , Juan Fernando Alzate , Yurany Eresbey Granada Garzón , Omar Cantillo-Barraza , Omar Triana-Chavez , Paola Andrea Ortiz Vargas , Daniel Alfonso Urrea

Aedes aegypti is not only the primary vector of medically important arboviruses worldwide, but also a host of a wide range of arthropod-specific viruses (ISVs), whose genomic and biological diversity remains largely unknown across most regions of Colombia. Investigating its associated microbiota including viruses and bacteria is essential, as these interactions can influence vector competence. Metatranscriptomic analysis of this vector provides quantitative insights into the presence of such microorganisms and their potential links to blood meal sources. In this study, we analyzed 320 blood-fed female A. aegypti mosquitoes collected from urban areas of Ibagué, Colombia, using RNA-Seq to identify eukaryotic, prokaryotic, and viral sequences, with particular emphasis on insect-specific viruses (ISVs). This approach allowed us to assess the diversity and relative abundance of microorganisms across four mosquito populations, infer potential feeding sources, identify and recover complete viral genomes, and detect parasite families. Despite inherent limitations related to taxonomic classification based on databases, our findings contribute to a better understanding of the ecological and epidemiological characteristics of A. aegypti populations circulating in Ibagué, Colombia, and their vector–pathogen–host interactions.

埃及伊蚊不仅是世界范围内具有重要医学意义的虫媒病毒的主要媒介，而且是多种节肢动物特异性病毒（isv）的宿主，其基因组和生物多样性在哥伦比亚大部分地区仍基本未知。调查包括病毒和细菌在内的相关微生物群是必要的，因为这些相互作用可以影响媒介的能力。该载体的超转录组学分析提供了对此类微生物的存在及其与血源的潜在联系的定量见解。在这项研究中，我们分析了从哥伦比亚伊巴格瓦伊市区采集的320只血饲雌性埃及伊蚊，使用RNA-Seq鉴定真核、原核和病毒序列，特别强调昆虫特异性病毒（isv）。这种方法使我们能够评估四种蚊子种群中微生物的多样性和相对丰度，推断潜在的摄食来源，鉴定和恢复完整的病毒基因组，并检测寄生虫科。尽管基于数据库的分类分类存在固有的局限性，但我们的研究结果有助于更好地了解在哥伦比亚伊巴格莱传播的埃及伊蚊种群的生态和流行病学特征，以及它们的媒介-病原体-宿主相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Scorpion envenoming in Ecuador: district-level risk, updated scorpion diversity, and challenges for treatment and public health 厄瓜多尔的蝎子入侵：地区风险、蝎子多样性的更新以及治疗和公共卫生的挑战。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107942

Adolfo Borges , Leonardo De Sousa , Gulnara P Borja-Cabrera , Ariana Rivera

This study assessed scorpion envenoming risk in Ecuador at provincial and district levels between 2017 and 2021, estimated national incidence and mortality rates, and identified the likely implicated taxa. Data were obtained from the Ministry of Public Health and aggregated by province and district, with incidence and mortality rates calculated per 100,000 inhabitants using annual population estimates. District-level risk was visualized with choropleth maps, and scorpion diversity and distribution were compiled from updated national inventories. A total of 1514 scorpion stings were reported between 2017 and 2021. National incidence and mortality rates (per 100,000 inhabitants) averaged 1.75 and 0.02. Regional incidence was highest in the Amazonian region (16.81), followed by the coastal (1.39) and Andean highlands (0.66). Hyperendemic districts (≥95th percentile of risk) included Taisha and Tiwintza (Morona Santiago), Arajuno (Pastaza), Flavio Alfaro (Manabí), and La Concordia (Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas). Mortality was highest in the Amazonian and piedmont coastal regions, with 10 deaths per region and an Amazonian rate of 0.44 per 100,000 inhabitants. These areas are inhabited by Tityus species from distinct morphological and toxinological groups, notably Tityus cf. rosenbergi in western Ecuador and Tityus cisandinus in Morona Santiago and Pastaza. Geographical variation in incidence and mortality likely reflects both the distribution of noxious taxa and population density. Despite high scorpion endemicity (79.2 %), a national lethality rate of 1.32 % that appears higher than reported in other countries where scorpionism is a public health concern, and the concentration of fatalities in children (75 % in ages 1–9), Ecuador still depends on imported scorpion antivenoms, including that prepared against Centruroides species, which show low reactivity to Tityus toxins. These findings highlight the urgent need for preclinical neutralization studies to evaluate local antivenom efficacy and to investigate regional differences in clinical outcomes, to guide future adjustments to immunotherapy based on the biogeographic distribution of medically important Tityus species.

本研究评估了2017年至2021年间厄瓜多尔省和地区蝎子的入侵风险，估计了全国发病率和死亡率，并确定了可能涉及的分类群。数据从公共卫生部获得，并按省和地区汇总，使用年度人口估计数计算每10万居民的发病率和死亡率。区级风险通过地形图可视化，蝎子的多样性和分布根据更新的国家清单汇编。2017年至2021年期间，共报告了1514起蝎子蜇伤事件。全国发病率和死亡率（每10万居民）平均为1.75和0.02。亚马逊地区发病率最高（16.81），其次是沿海地区（1.39）和安第斯高原地区（0.66）。高流行区（≥95百分位风险）包括Taisha和Tiwintza （Morona Santiago）、Arajuno （Pastaza）、Flavio Alfaro （Manabí）和La Concordia （Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas）。亚马逊和山前沿海地区的死亡率最高，每个地区有10人死亡，亚马逊地区的死亡率为每10万居民0.44人。这些地区居住着来自不同形态和毒理学类群的Tityus物种，特别是厄瓜多尔西部的Tityus cfr . rosenbergi和Morona Santiago和Pastaza的Tityus cisandinus。发病率和死亡率的地理差异可能反映了有害分类群的分布和种群密度。尽管蝎子的流行率很高（79.2%），全国致死率为1.32%，似乎高于蝎子病已成为公共卫生问题的其他国家的报告，而且死亡主要发生在儿童中（1-9岁的儿童占75%），厄瓜多尔仍然依赖进口蝎子抗蛇毒血清，包括针对对Tityus毒素反应性较低的Centruroides物种制备的抗蛇毒血清。这些发现突出了临床前中和研究的迫切需要，以评估局部抗蛇毒血清疗效，并调查临床结果的区域差异，指导未来根据医学上重要的Tityus物种的生物地理分布调整免疫治疗。

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引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of resistance of Trypanosoma cruzi to benznidazole and nifurtimox: Molecular implications and multifaceted impact 克氏锥虫对苯并硝唑和硝呋替莫的抗性机制：分子意义和多方面影响。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107940

Paulina Ochoa-Martínez , Jaime López-Domínguez , Aracely López-Monteon , Rebeca Georgina Manning-Cela , Angel Ramos-Ligonio

Chagas disease, caused by the hemoflagellate protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, is a parasitic zoonosis classified as a neglected tropical disease. With an estimated global prevalence of 6 to 7 million individuals, the disease represents a significant global public health concern due to migration patterns that have expanded its epidemiological profile beyond the endemic regions of Latin America. Traditional etiological treatment relies on the nitroderivatives benznidazole and nifurtimox. While these drugs are highly effective in the acute phase, their ability to halt or significantly limit the progression of the organic damage established in the chronic phase is limited. Furthermore, their therapeutic effectiveness is challenged by variability in parasite susceptibility and the potential for resistance to emerge, a complex and multifactorial phenomenon.

This systematic review synthesizes the molecular mechanisms of resistance and differential susceptibility in T. cruzi. The evidence highlights the involvement of several factors, including the modulation of key enzymes required for pro-drug activation, the overexpression of ABC transporters and other related transporters, and the adaptation of the antioxidant defense system. These collectively represent a multifactorial mechanism that undermines infection control. The plasticity and genetic heterogeneity of the T. cruzi Discrete Typing Units (DTUs) underpin the observed variability in this resistance response.

Therapeutic failure transforms patients into persistent reservoirs, which perpetuates the chain of parasite transmission. The concern that resistance established in laboratory models may translate into clinical settings, coupled with the resulting increase in morbidity and mortality and the socioeconomic burden, underscores the urgent need to develop new drugs designed to evade these mechanisms of reduced susceptibility.

恰加斯病是由血鞭毛原虫克氏锥虫引起的一种寄生虫性人畜共患病，被列为被忽视的热带病。据估计，该疾病的全球流行率为600万至700万人，由于移徙模式使其流行病学概况扩大到拉丁美洲流行区域以外，因此引起了重大的全球公共卫生关注。传统的病因治疗依赖于硝基衍生物苯并硝唑和硝呋替莫。虽然这些药物在急性期非常有效，但它们阻止或显著限制慢性阶段建立的有机损伤进展的能力有限。此外，它们的治疗效果受到寄生虫易感性的变异性和出现耐药性的可能性的挑战，这是一个复杂的多因素现象。本文综述了克氏锥虫的耐药和差异敏感性的分子机制。证据强调了几个因素的参与，包括前药物激活所需的关键酶的调节，ABC转运蛋白和其他相关转运蛋白的过度表达，以及抗氧化防御系统的适应。这些因素共同构成了一种破坏感染控制的多因素机制。克氏锥虫离散型单位（dtu）的可塑性和遗传异质性支撑了这种抗性反应的可变性。治疗失败将患者转变为持久的宿主，从而使寄生虫传播链永久化。对实验室模型中建立的耐药性可能转化为临床环境的担忧，加上由此导致的发病率和死亡率的增加以及社会经济负担，强调了开发旨在逃避这些降低易感性机制的新药的迫切需要。

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引用次数: 0

Old World screwworm myiasis: first report of Chrysomya bezziana in Chinese Milu (Elaphurus davidianus) 旧大陆螺旋蝇蝇病：中国乳糜泻（Elaphurus davidianus）贝氏金蝇首次报道

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107938

Xinyuan Wang , Zhenyu Zhong , Yunfang Shan , Qingyun Guo , Zhibin Cheng , Xinglong Song , Congshan Yang , Jiade Bai , Qingxun Zhang

Myiasis is the infestation of humans and other warm-blooded animals with dipterous larvae. In the current study, a total of 40 maggots were collected from the cutaneous lesions of the Chinese Milu (Elaphurus davidianus) in China. Based on morphological identification, the third-instar larvae were classified as Chrysomya bezziana. To accurately identify this species, genomic DNA from the larvae was analyzed using the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The findings indicated that the examined larvae were unequivocally consistent with the Old World screwworm fly, C. bezziana. This study firstly documented the cases of cutaneous myiasis caused by C. bezziana in Chinese Milu, and provided effective strategies for the prevention and control of myiasis.

蝇蛆病是一种寄生在人类和其他温血动物身上的双翅幼虫病。本研究共采集了40只中华乳鼠皮损处的蛆。经形态鉴定，三龄幼虫属黄颡鱼（Chrysomya bezziana）。为了准确鉴定该物种，利用线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I （COI）基因分析了幼虫的基因组DNA。研究结果表明，检查的幼虫与旧大陆螺旋蝇，C. bezziana明确一致。本研究首次记录了牛毛锥虫引起的中国牛毛锥虫皮肤蝇蛆病病例，为预防和控制牛毛锥虫提供了有效的策略。

引用次数: 0

Characterisation of erythrocyte binding activity of Plasmodium cynomolgi duffy binding protein haplotypes from Macaca fascicularis in Peninsular Malaysia 马来西亚半岛麻花猕猴食蟹疟原虫Duffy结合蛋白单倍型红细胞结合活性的研究。

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107939

Eira Nurfarisha Mohd Latif , Aizura Syafinaz Ahmad Adlan , Yee-Ling Lau , Fei-Wen Cheong

Human infections with the zoonotic Plasmodium cynomolgi are rising across Southeast Asia. This parasite employs two Duffy binding proteins (DBPs), PcDBP1(II) and PcDBP2(II), which interact with the Duffy antigen receptor chemokine (DARC) for erythrocyte invasion. Previous studies on P. cynomolgi DBPs have reported two distinct haplotype groups (groups 1 and 2) in Peninsular Malaysia. In this study, the differential erythrocyte binding activity of PcDBP1(II) and PcDBP2(II) haplotypes was investigated. Four isolates were selected for each DBP: group 1 consisted of a recent field isolate and the old reference isolate Strain B, whereas group 2 included a recent field isolate and the old reference isolate Berok. All isolates were cloned into the pDisplay-AcGFP1 vector and transfected into COS-7 cells. The transfected cells were incubated with human erythrocytes/reticulocytes and macaque erythrocytes at 1 % haematocrit. The binding activity was assessed by counting the number of rosette formations. Result showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) in binding between group 1 isolates (recent vs old) for PcDBP1(II) with macaque erythrocytes, while no differences in binding were seen with PcDBP2(II) isolates. Notably, the recent PcDBP1(II) isolate exhibited significantly higher binding activity compared to the old isolate, indicating that the protein may have evolved over time to enhance parasite invasion into macaque erythrocytes. However, both PcDBPs showed no binding with human erythrocytes or reticulocytes. This study provides the first evidence that variations in PcDBP1(II) and PcDBP2(II) alone do not explain the observed differences in binding activity, suggesting that additional parasite–host interactions may be required for human erythrocyte or reticulocyte invasion.

东南亚人畜共患的食蟹疟原虫的人类感染正在上升。这种寄生虫使用两种Duffy结合蛋白PcDBP1（II）和PcDBP2(II)，它们与Duffy抗原受体趋化因子（DARC）相互作用以入侵红细胞。先前对cynomolgi P. dbp的研究报道了马来西亚半岛两个不同的单倍型群体（群体1和群体2）。本研究研究了PcDBP1（II）和PcDBP2（II）单倍型红细胞结合活性的差异。每个DBP选择4株分离株：第1组由一株最近的野外分离株和旧参考分离株B组成，第2组由一株最近的野外分离株和旧参考分离株Berok组成。将所有分离株克隆到pDisplay-AcGFP1载体上，转染到COS-7细胞中。转染后的细胞与人红细胞/网织红细胞和猕猴红细胞在1%的红细胞压积下孵育。结合活性是通过计算玫瑰结形成的数量来评估的。结果显示1组PcDBP1（II）与猕猴红细胞的结合有显著差异（P < 0.05），而PcDBP2（II）与猕猴红细胞的结合无显著差异。值得注意的是，与旧的分离物相比，最新的PcDBP1（II）分离物表现出明显更高的结合活性，这表明该蛋白可能随着时间的推移而进化，以增强寄生虫对猕猴红细胞的入侵。然而，两种PcDBPs均未与人红细胞或网织红细胞结合。该研究首次证明，单独的PcDBP1（II）和PcDBP2（II）的变异并不能解释观察到的结合活性差异，这表明人类红细胞或网织红细胞入侵可能需要额外的寄生虫-宿主相互作用。

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引用次数: 0

Performance comparison of rapid diagnostic test, microscopy, and polymerase chain reaction for Malaria detection in high-transmission area, Keerom Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia 印度尼西亚巴布亚省Keerom县疟疾高传播区快速诊断检测、显微镜和聚合酶链反应的性能比较

IF 2.5 3区医学 Q2 PARASITOLOGY

Acta tropica

Pub Date : 2025-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2025.107935

Muhammad Fajri Rohkmad , Semuel Sandy , Mirna Widiyanti , Setyo Adiningsih , Agung Puja Kesuma , Yustinus Maladan , Yusnita Mirna Anggraeni , Tri Ramadhani , Mara Ipa , Muhammad Choirul Hidajat , Hanna Kawulur , Chandra Mukti Kurniawan , Adrianus Don Kopo , NLP Indi Dharmayanti , Triwibowo Ambar Garjito , Antonius Oktavian , Harimat Hendarwan

This study evaluates the performance of three diagnostic methods for malaria detection, Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs), microscopy, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), in the high-transmission area of Keerom Regency, Papua Province, Indonesia. With malaria posing a significant health threat, particularly in Indonesia, accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and disease management. The study involved 234 participants suspected of having uncomplicated malaria, with blood samples analyzed using all three diagnostic methods. Results indicated that PCR identified 42.3 % of malaria cases, while microscopy and RDTs detected 26.5 % and 22.6 %, respectively. Notably, PCR revealed a substantial number of cases missed by microscopy and RDTs, highlighting the limitations of these methods in low-parasitemia situations. The sensitivity and specificity of microscopy and RDTs were assessed against PCR as the reference standard, revealing significant discrepancies in diagnostic accuracy. The findings underscore the need for enhanced diagnostic strategies to improve case detection and support elimination efforts in Keerom regency, Papua, Indonesia

本研究在印度尼西亚巴布亚省Keerom县的高传播地区评估了三种疟疾检测诊断方法的性能，即快速诊断试验（RDTs）、显微镜和聚合酶链反应（PCR）。由于疟疾对健康构成重大威胁，特别是在印度尼西亚，准确和及时的诊断对于有效治疗和疾病管理至关重要。这项研究涉及234名被怀疑患有非复杂性疟疾的参与者，他们的血液样本使用了所有三种诊断方法进行分析。结果表明，PCR检出42.3%的疟疾病例，显微镜和RDTs检出率分别为26.5%和22.6%。值得注意的是，PCR发现了大量显微镜和rdt未发现的病例，突出了这些方法在低寄生虫血症情况下的局限性。显微镜和rdt的敏感性和特异性与PCR作为参考标准进行了评估，发现诊断准确性存在显着差异。调查结果强调需要加强诊断战略，以改善印度尼西亚巴布亚Keerom县的病例发现和支持消除工作。

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引用次数: 0