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Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are an indispensable part of our daily life. After being studied for a few decades, this field still has some room for improvement. In this regard, perovskite materials may take the leading role. In recent years, LEDs have become a most explored topic, owing to their various applications in photodetectors, solar cells, lasers, and so on. Noticeably, they exhibit significant characteristics in developing LEDs. The luminous efficiency of LEDs can be significantly enhanced by the combination of a poor illumination LED with low-dimensional perovskite. In 2014, the first perovskite-based LED was illuminated at room temperature. Furthermore, two-dimensional (2D) perovskites have enriched this field because of their optical and electronic properties and comparatively high stability in ambient conditions. Recent and relevant advancements in LEDs using low-dimensional perovskites including zero-dimensional to three-dimensional materials is reported. The major focus of this article is based on the 2D perovskites and their heterostructures (i.e., a combination of 2D perovskites with transition metal dichalcogenides, graphene, and hexagonal boron nitride). In comparison to 2D perovskites, heterostructures exhibit more potential for application in LEDs. State-of-the-art perovskite-based LEDs, current challenges, and prospects are also discussed.

Nanosheet transistors are poised to become the preferred choice for the next generation of smaller-sized devices in the future. To address the future demand for high-performance and low-power computing applications, this study proposes a nanosheet structure with a vertically stacked design, featuring a high I_ON/I_OFF ratio. This Nanosheet design is combined with an induced tunnel field-effect transistor. By utilizing SiGe with a carrier mobility three times that of Si and employing a line tunneling mechanism, the research successfully achieves superior Band to Band characteristics, resulting in improved switching behavior and a lower Subthreshold Swing (SS). Comparative studies were conducted on three TFET types: Nanosheet PIN TFET, Nanosheet Schottky iTFET, and Fin iTFET. Results show that the Nanosheet PIN TFET has a higher I_ON/I_OFF ratio but poorer SSavg values at 47.63 mV/dec compared to the others. However, with a SiGe Body thickness of 3 nm, both Nanosheet iTFET and Fin iTFET exhibit higher I_ON/I_OFF ratios and superior SSavg values at 17.64 mV/dec. These findings suggest the potential of Nanosheet iTFET and Fin iTFET for low-power, lower thermal budgets, and fast-switching applications.

The imperative development of a cutting-edge environmental gas sensor is essential to proficiently monitor and detect hazardous gases, ensuring comprehensive safety and awareness. Nanostructures developed from metal oxides are emerging as promising candidates for achieving superior performance in gas sensors. NO₂ is one of the toxic gases that affects people as well as the environment so its detection is crucial. The present study investigates the gas sensing capability of copper oxide-based sensor for 5 ppm of NO₂ gas at 100 °C. The sensing material was synthesized using a facile precipitation method and characterized by XRD, FE-SEM, UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, XPS and BET techniques. The developed material shows a response equal to 67.1% at optimal temperature towards 5 ppm NO₂ gas. The sensor demonstrated an impressive detection limit of 300 ppb, along with a commendable percentage response of 5.2%. Under optimized conditions, the synthesized material demonstrated its high selectivity, as evidenced by the highest percentage response recorded for NO₂ gas among NO₂, NH₃, CO, CO₂ and H₂S.

In recent years, it has been recognized that mechanical forces play an important regulative role in living organisms and possess a direct impact on crucial cell functions, ranging from cell growth to maintenance of tissue homeostasis. Advancements in mechanobiology have revealed the profound impact of mechanical signals on diverse cellular responses that are cell type specific. Notably, numerous studies have elucidated the pivotal role of different mechanical cues as regulatory factors influencing various cellular processes, including cell spreading, locomotion, differentiation, and proliferation. Given these insights, it is unsurprising that the responses of cells regulated by physical forces are intricately linked to the modulation of nanoparticle uptake kinetics and processing. This complex interplay underscores the significance of understanding the mechanical microenvironment in shaping cellular behaviors and, consequently, influencing how cells interact with and process nanoparticles. Nevertheless, our knowledge on how localized physical forces affect the internalization and processing of nanoparticles by cells remains rather limited. A significant gap exists in the literature concerning a systematic analysis of how mechanical cues might bias the interactions between nanoparticles and cells. Hence, our aim in this review is to provide a comprehensive and critical analysis of the existing knowledge regarding the influence of mechanical cues on the complicated dynamics of cell-nanoparticle interactions. By addressing this gap, we would like to contribute to a detailed understanding of the role that mechanical forces play in shaping the complex interplay between cells and nanoparticles.

Late blight, caused by Phytophthora infestans, is a major potato disease globally, leading to significant economic losses of $6.7 billion. To address this issue, we evaluated the antifungal activity of ZnO and CuO nanoparticles (NPs) against P. infestans for the first time in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Nanoparticles were synthesized via a chemical precipitation method and characterized using various techniques. The XRD results revealed that the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles had a pure hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure, whereas the CuO NPs had a monoclinic crystalline structure. TEM images confirmed the synthesis of quasi-spherical nanoparticles with an average size of 11.5 nm for ZnO NPs and 24.5 nm for CuO NPs. The UV-Vis Spectral Report showed peaks corresponding to ZnO NPs at 364 nm and 252 nm for CuO NPs.In an in vitro study, both ZnO and CuO NPs significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited the radial growth of P. infestans at all tested concentrations compared to the untreated control. The highest inhibitory effect of 100% was observed with ZnO and CuO NPs at 30 mg/L. A lower inhibition of 60.4% was observed with 10 mg/L CuO NPs. Under greenhouse conditions, 100 mg/L ZnO NPs was the most effective treatment for controlling potato late blight, with an efficacy of 71%. CuO NPs at 100 mg/L followed closely, with an efficacy of 69%. Based on these results, ZnO and CuO NPs are recommended as promising eco-friendly fungicides for the management and control of potato late blight after further research.

Graphene-based nanomaterials (graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene quantum dots, graphene-based nanocomposites, etc.) are emerging as an extremely important class of nanomaterials primarily because of their unique and advantageous physical, chemical, biological, and optoelectronic aspects. These features have resulted in uses across diverse areas of scientific research. Among all other applications, they are found to be particularly useful in designing highly sensitive biosensors. Numerous studies have established their efficacy in sensing pathogens and other biomolecules allowing for the rapid diagnosis of various diseases. Considering the growing importance and popularity of graphene-based materials for biosensing applications, this review aims to provide the readers with a summary of the recent progress in the concerned domain and highlights the challenges associated with the synthesis and application of these multifunctional materials.

Advancements in nanofabrication technology have greatly facilitated research on nanostructures and their associated properties. Among these structures, subwavelength components have emerged as promising candidates for ultra-compact optical elements, can potentially supplant conventional optical components and enable the realization of compact and efficient optical devices. Spectral analysis within the infrared spectrum offers a wealth of information for monitoring crop health, industrial processes, and target identification. However, conventional spectrometers are typically bulky and expensive, driving an increasing demand for cost-effective spectral sensors. Here we investigate three distinct subwavelength grating structures designed to function as narrowband filters within the short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) range. Through simple adjustments to the period of grating strips, these filters selectively transmit light across a wide wavelength range from 1100 to 1700 nm with transmission exceeding 70% and full width at half maximum (FWHM) down to 6 nm. Based on a simple design, the results present great potential of subwavelength grating filters for multiband integration and developing ultra-compact spectral sensors.

In this study, a 3 × 3 blue micro-LED array with a pixel size of 10 × 10 μm² and a pitch of 15 μm was fabricated on an epilayer grown on a sapphire substrate using metalorganic chemical vapor deposition technology. The fabrication process involved photolithography, wet and dry etching, E-beam evaporation, and ion implantation technology. Arsenic multi-energy implantation was utilized to replace the mesa etching for electrical isolation, where the implantation depth increased with the average energy. Different ion depth profiles had varying effects on electrical properties, such as forward current and leakage currents, potentially causing damage to the n-GaN layer and increasing the series resistance of the LEDs. As the implantation depth increased, the light output power and peak external quantum efficiency of the LEDs also increased, improving from 5.33 to 9.82%. However, the efficiency droop also increased from 46.3 to 48.6%.

Recently, the synthesis of oxidized holey graphene with the chemical formula C₂O has been reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2024, 146, 4532). We herein employed a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and machine learning interatomic potential (MLIP) calculations to investigate the electronic, optical, mechanical and thermal properties of the C₂O monolayer, and compared our findings with those of its C₂N counterpart. Our analysis shows that while the C₂N monolayer exhibits delocalized π-conjugation and shows a 2.47 eV direct-gap semiconducting behavior, the C₂O counterpart exhibits an indirect gap of 3.47 eV. We found that while the C₂N monolayer exhibits strong absorption in the visible spectrum, the initial absorption peaks in the C₂O lattice occur at around 5 eV, falling within the UV spectrum. Notably, we found that the C₂O nanosheet presents significantly higher tensile strength compared to its C₂N counterpart. MLIP-based calculations show that at room temperature, the C₂O nanosheet can exhibit remarkably high tensile strength and lattice thermal conductivity of 42 GPa and 129 W/mK, respectively. The combined insights from DFT and MLIP-based results provide a comprehensive understanding of the electronic and optical properties of C₂O nanosheets, suggesting them as mechanically robust and highly thermally conductive wide bandgap semiconductors.

In this work, we demonstrate that a simple argentometric titration is a scalable, fast, green and robust approach for producing AgCl/antibiotic hybrid antimicrobial materials. We titrated AgNO₃ into tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) aqueous solution, thus forming AgCl/TCH in a one-step procedure. Furthermore, we investigated the one-pot synthesis of triply synergistic super-nanoantimicrobials, combining an inorganic source of Ag⁺ ions (AgCl), a disinfecting agent (benzyl-dimethyl-hexadecyl-ammonium chloride, BAC) and a molecular antibiotic (tetracycline hydrochloride, TCH). Conventional antimicrobial tests, industrial biofilm detection protocols, and in situ IR-ATR microbial biofilm monitoring, have been adapted to understand the performance of the synthesized super-nanoantimicrobial. The resulting hybrid AgCl/BAC/TCH nanoantimicrobials are found to be synergistically active in eradicating Salmonella enterica and Lentilactobacillus parabuchneri bacteria and biofilms. This study paves the way for the development of a new class of super-efficient nanoantimicrobials that combine relatively low amounts of multiple active species into a single (nano)formulation, thus preventing the development of antimicrobial resistance towards a single active principle.