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Eight new Elaphomyces species (Elaphomycetaceae, Eurotiales, Ascomycota) from eastern North America. 标题北美东部八新种(Elaphomycetaceae, Eurotiales, Ascomycota)。
Pub Date : 2021-06-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.06
M A Castellano, C D Crabtree, D Mitchell, R A Healy

The hypogeous, sequestrate ascomycete genus Elaphomyces is one of the oldest known truffle-like genera. Elaphomyces has a long history of consumption by animals in Europe and was formally described by Nees von Esenbeck in 1820 from Europe. Until recently most Elaphomyces specimens in North America were assigned names of European taxa due to lack of specialists working on this group and difficulty of using pre-modern species descriptions. It has recently been discovered that North America has a rich diversity of Elaphomyces species far beyond the four Elaphomyces species described from North America prior to 2012. We describe eight new Elaphomyces species (E. dalemurphyi, E. dunlapii, E. holtsii, E. lougehrigii, E. miketroutii, E. roodyi, E. stevemilleri and E. wazhazhensis) of eastern North America that were collected in habitats from Quebec, Canada south to Florida, USA, west to Texas and Iowa. The ranges of these species vary and with continued sampling may prove to be larger than we have established. Castellano has studied authentic material of all European Elaphomyces species published through 2016 and it is interesting to note that many Elaphomyces species from eastern North America have morphological similarities but with distinct morphological differences to a number of European Elaphomyces species. Citation: Castellano MA, Crabtree CD, Mitchell D, Healy RA (2020). Eight new Elaphomyces species (Elaphomycetaceae, Eurotiales, Ascomycota) from eastern North America. Fungal Systematics and Evolution 7: 113-131. doi: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.06.

幽闭的子囊菌属Elaphomyces是已知最古老的松露类属之一。Elaphomyces在欧洲有悠久的动物食用历史,并于1820年由Nees von Esenbeck从欧洲正式描述。直到最近,由于缺乏研究这一类群的专家和使用前现代物种描述的困难,大多数在北美的Elaphomyces标本被分配到欧洲分类群的名称。最近发现,北美有丰富的Elaphomyces物种多样性,远远超过2012年之前在北美描述的四种Elaphomyces物种。本文描述了北美东部从加拿大魁北克省南至美国佛罗里达州,西至德克萨斯州和爱荷华州生境中采集的8种elaphomyaceae新种(E. dalemurphyi、E. dunlapii、E. holtsii、E. lougehrigii、E. miketroutii、E. roodyi、E. stevemilleri和E. wazhazhensis)。这些物种的分布范围各不相同,随着继续取样,可能会比我们所确定的范围更大。Castellano研究了2016年出版的所有欧洲Elaphomyces物种的真实资料,有趣的是,来自北美东部的许多Elaphomyces物种与许多欧洲Elaphomyces物种具有形态相似性,但存在明显的形态差异。出处:Castellano MA, Crabtree CD, Mitchell D, Healy RA(2020)。标题北美东部八新种(Elaphomycetaceae, Eurotiales, Ascomycota)。真菌分类学与进化7:113-131。doi: 10.3114 / fuse.2021.07.06。
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引用次数: 1
Figure S1 图S1
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.08.06_supp1
N. Davoodian
Fig. S1. Overview Phylogram from Bayesian analysis showing relationship between Hysterangiales, some Phallales and outgroups (OG). Node A indicates Phallogastrineae subord. nov.; node B indicates Hysterangineae subord. nov. Maximum likelihood (ML) bootstrap values / Bayesian posterior probabilities (bpp) are shown at the nodes. Where bpp ≥ 0.95 and ML bootstrap ≥ 70 %, branches are thickened. Type species indicated by a blue asterisk *. The asterisk in parentheses (*) denotes the currently accepted genus for Protubera canescens, Ileodictyon. Countries and States indicated with same acronyms as Fig. 3. Terminals representing new DNA sequences generated for this study are in bold.
图S1。从贝叶斯分析中得到的系统图显示了子宫血管、一些阴茎和外群(OG)之间的关系。节点A为Phallogastrineae子科。11月;节点B表示Hysterangineae子节点。11 .最大似然(ML)自举值/贝叶斯后验概率(bpp)显示在节点上。当bpp≥0.95,ML bootstrap≥70%时,分支变粗。类型种类用蓝色星号*表示。括号(*)中的星号表示目前接受的Protubera canescens属,Ileodictyon。国家和州用与图3相同的首字母缩略词表示。代表本研究生成的新DNA序列的终端用粗体表示。
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引用次数: 3
Fig. S1 & Tables S1-S4 图S1和表S1- s4
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.07_supp1
E. De Crop
Figure S1. Overview map of the biogeographical regions used for Table 1. Biogeographic regions are based on biogeographic realms (https://ecoregions2017.appspot.com/), with three major differences: Western Palearctic (Western part of the Palearctic realm), Asia (Eastern part of the Palearctic realm combined with the Indo-Malay realm), and Australasia (Australasian realm combined with the Oceanian realm). The Palearctic realm was spilt into Western Palearctic and Eastern Palearctic, Eastern Palearctic and the Indo-Malay realm form together the Asia region, and the Australasian realm is combined with the Oceania realm to form the Australasian region.Table S1. List of described Lactifluus species, together with the year of description, taxonomical classification (subgenus, section), the indication of how this taxonomical position was defined, the source(s) of this classification, and notes.Table S2. Extra information on the preliminary study of metabarcoding data of the genus Lactifluus, retrieved from the GlobalFungi website.Table S3. Overview of the results of the preliminary study of metabarcoding data of the genus Lactifluus, retrieved from the GlobalFungi website. Due to the generally shorter length and lower quality of environmental sequence data, the numbers in the table are to be considered an estimate.Table S4. List of the putative new species found in the environmental sequences. References of studies cited are given in S3.
图S1。表1使用的生物地理区域概览图。生物地理区域以生物地理领域为基础(https://ecoregions2017.appspot.com/),有三个主要区别:西古北(古北领域的西部),亚洲(古北领域的东部与印度-马来王国结合)和澳大拉西亚(澳大拉西亚领域与大洋洲领域结合)。古北疆域分为西古北疆域和东古北疆域,东古北疆域与印马来疆域共同构成亚洲疆域,澳大拉西亚疆域与大洋洲疆域合并构成澳大拉西亚疆域。表S1。已描述的拉克fluus种数表,包括描述年份、分类分类(亚属、剖面)、如何定义这一分类位置的说明、分类来源和注释。表S2。关于Lactifluus属元条形码数据初步研究的额外信息,检索自GlobalFungi网站。表S3。从GlobalFungi网站检索的Lactifluus属元条形码数据的初步研究结果概述。由于环境序列数据的长度一般较短,质量较差,因此表中的数字应视为估计值。表S4。在环境序列中发现的假定新种列表。被引研究的参考文献见S3。
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引用次数: 0
Figs S1-S4 & Table S1 图S1- s4和表S1
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.09_supp1
J. Mack
Figure S1. Mean conidial dimensions (with error bars representing standard error) for all herbarium specimens and cultures examined, with the holotype of H. fragiforme represented by orange bars and the holotype of H. callorioides represented by green bars.Figure S2. Lectotype of H. fragiformis (A, C, E) and holotype of H. callorioides (B, D, F). A, B. Rehydrated sporodochia. C−F. Conidial chains. Scale bars: A, B = 500 μm. C−F = 10 μm.Figure S3. Conidia and conidial chains. A. Oosporidium sp. (DAOM 970823) identified using DNA sequencing. B. Holotype of Sphaerocolla aurantiaca (H). Both have similar conidial morphology and dimensions, suggesting that S. aurantiaca may be conspecific with Oosporidium margaritiferum. Scale bar = 10 μm. Figure S4. Nuclear staining of hyphae of DAOMC 251988, showing dikaryotic, binucleate hyphae, A, using near-UV light showing the stained nuclei and B with regular light. Scale bar = 20 μm. Table S1. Species, geographical location, host and herbaria for known type specimens of Hormomyces species.
图S1。所有标本室标本和培养物的平均分生孢子尺寸(用误差条表示标准误差),用橙色条表示fragiforme的全型,用绿色条表示callorioides的全型。图S2。fragiformis的选型(A, C, E)和H. callorioides的全型(B, D, F). A, B.复水孢子菌。C−F。分生孢子链。比例尺:A、B = 500 μm。C−F = 10 μm。图S3。分生孢子和分生孢子链。A. Oosporidium sp. (DAOM 970823)经DNA测序鉴定。B.全型aurantiaca Sphaerocolla (H).两者分生孢子形态和尺寸相似,表明aurantiaca可能与margaritiferum Oosporidium同源。比例尺= 10 μm。图S4。DAOMC 251988菌丝的核染色,显示双核、双核菌丝,A,使用近紫外光显示染色的细胞核,B使用常规光。标尺= 20 μm。表S1。已知模式标本的种类、地理位置、寄主和标本室。
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引用次数: 0
Table S1 表S1
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.07.10_supp1
Á. Pintos
Table S1. GenBank accession numbers and isolates employed in the phylogenetic analyses. Names in bold represent samples sequenced for the present study.
表S1。用于系统发育分析的GenBank加入号和分离株。黑体名称代表本研究中测序的样本。
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引用次数: 18
Figs S1-S3 & Tables S1-S2 图S1-S3和表S1-S2
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.08.14_supp1
C. Walker
Fig. S1. Rhizophagus intraradices: culturing history of the type and successful ex-type culture attempts (ATT 4) and a new isolate (ATT 1102) from the type location established approx. 30 years later. Both pot cultures (PC) and root organ cultures (ROC) are shown with dates of establishment and voucher numbers for samples that yielded specimens for preservation in herbaria. Sun bags are item B7062, Sigma Aldrich (https://www.sigmaaldrich.com). Location of cultures: Forestry Commission Northern Research Station or other localities in UK; Université catholique de Louvain (UCL); Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU). Gel refers to a small portion of substrate from a parent ROC, with a single spore, several spores, or root fragments (usually with attached mycelium).Fig. S2. Phylogenetic maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Rhizophagus species and isolates characterised for the SSU-ITS-LSU rDNA region, with Sclerocystis as outgroup. Bootstrap (BS) values below 60 % and BS values of terminal sister relations are not shown. “Rhizoglomus venetianum” (= R. irregularis) sequences are marked in red, sequence variants characterised in a Rhizophagus irregularis genome project are marked in blue. Sequences of Rhizophagus intraradices cultures derived from the ex-type culture FL 208, including the epitype (voucher W 5719 from MUCL 52327 = ATT 4-83), are shown in green and sequences of the new isolate collected from the type locality (MUCL 49410 = ATT 1102-12) in brown.Table S1. Rhizophagus intraradices: lengths and widths (µm) of extra- and intraradical spores from two strains, ATT 4 and ATT 1102 spores with inferential statistics (number of spores observed (n), minimum value (Min), first quartile of the data (Q1), median, third quartile of data (Q3), maximum value (Max), mean, standard deviation (SD) and % coefficient of variation (CV %)). Table S2. Rhizophagus intraradices: spore colours from two strains (ATT 4 – type and ex-type) and ATT 1102 (new culture from type locality) from pot cultures (PC) and root organ cultures (ROC). Where possible, colours were matched with charts from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Munsell, or Methuen Handbook of Colour.
图S1。根食菌根内菌:该菌种的培养历史和成功的前菌种培养尝试(ATT 4)以及从大约建立的菌种位置获得的新分离物(ATT 1102)。30年后。盆栽培养(PC)和根器官培养(ROC)都显示了建立日期和样品的凭证号码,这些样品产生了保存在植物标本室的标本。太阳袋是项目B7062,西格玛奥德里奇(https://www.sigmaaldrich.com)。栽培地点:英国林业委员会北部研究站或其他地方;鲁汶天主教大学;慕尼黑大学(LMU)。凝胶是指来自母体ROC的一小部分基质,含有单个孢子、多个孢子或根碎片(通常带有附着的菌丝体)。S2。以SSU-ITS-LSU rDNA区域为特征的根噬菌物种和分离物的系统发育最大似然树,以硬囊菌为外群。60%以下的Bootstrap (BS)值和终端姊妹关系的BS值未显示。“Rhizoglomus venetianum”(= R. irregularis)序列用红色标记,在Rhizophagus irregularis基因组计划中表征的序列变体用蓝色标记。来自前型培养物FL 208的根噬菌根内培养物序列,包括表型(来自MUCL 52327 = ATT 4-83的W 5719)的序列以绿色表示,而来自类型地区(MUCL 49410 = ATT 1102-12)的新分离物序列以棕色表示。表S1。根食菌根内孢子:两株ATT 4和ATT 1102的根外孢子和根内孢子的长度和宽度(µm),具有推断统计(观察到的孢子数(n)、最小值(Min)、数据的第一个四分位数(Q1)、中位数、数据的第三个四分位数(Q3)、最大值(Max)、平均值、标准差(SD)和变异系数% (CV %))。表S2。根食菌:盆栽(PC)和根器官培养(ROC)的两株(ATT 4型和前型)和ATT 1102(类型地新培养)的孢子颜色。在可能的情况下,颜色与爱丁堡皇家植物园、蒙塞尔或梅休恩色彩手册中的图表相匹配。
{"title":"Figs S1-S3 & Tables S1-S2","authors":"C. Walker","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.14_supp1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.08.14_supp1","url":null,"abstract":"Fig. S1. Rhizophagus intraradices: culturing history of the type and successful ex-type culture attempts (ATT 4) and a new isolate (ATT 1102) from the type location established approx. 30 years later. Both pot cultures (PC) and root organ cultures (ROC) are shown with dates of establishment and voucher numbers for samples that yielded specimens for preservation in herbaria. Sun bags are item B7062, Sigma Aldrich (https://www.sigmaaldrich.com). Location of cultures: Forestry Commission Northern Research Station or other localities in UK; Université catholique de Louvain (UCL); Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU). Gel refers to a small portion of substrate from a parent ROC, with a single spore, several spores, or root fragments (usually with attached mycelium).Fig. S2. Phylogenetic maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree of Rhizophagus species and isolates characterised for the SSU-ITS-LSU rDNA region, with Sclerocystis as outgroup. Bootstrap (BS) values below 60 % and BS values of terminal sister relations are not shown. “Rhizoglomus venetianum” (= R. irregularis) sequences are marked in red, sequence variants characterised in a Rhizophagus irregularis genome project are marked in blue. Sequences of Rhizophagus intraradices cultures derived from the ex-type culture FL 208, including the epitype (voucher W 5719 from MUCL 52327 = ATT 4-83), are shown in green and sequences of the new isolate collected from the type locality (MUCL 49410 = ATT 1102-12) in brown.Table S1. Rhizophagus intraradices: lengths and widths (µm) of extra- and intraradical spores from two strains, ATT 4 and ATT 1102 spores with inferential statistics (number of spores observed (n), minimum value (Min), first quartile of the data (Q1), median, third quartile of data (Q3), maximum value (Max), mean, standard deviation (SD) and % coefficient of variation (CV %)). Table S2. Rhizophagus intraradices: spore colours from two strains (ATT 4 – type and ex-type) and ATT 1102 (new culture from type locality) from pot cultures (PC) and root organ cultures (ROC). Where possible, colours were matched with charts from Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Munsell, or Methuen Handbook of Colour.","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90098386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Figs S1-S3 无花果S1-S3
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.08.08_supp1
E. Karlsen-Ayala
Fig. S1. Maximum likelihood tree based on ITS dataset. Branch support values >75 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities > 0.90 are indicated. Symbols with closed circles represent gasteroid taxa, symbols with half circles represent secotoid taxa, and all other taxa are agaricoid. Limacella glioderma was used as an outgroup.Fig. S2. Maximum likelihood tree based on LSU dataset. Branch support values >75 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities > 0.90 are indicated. Symbols with closed circles represent gasteroid taxa, symbols with half circles represent secotoid taxa, and all other taxa are agaricoid. Limacella glioderma was used as an outgroup. Fig. S3. Maximum likelihood tree based on concatenated LSU, rpb2, and tef1 dataset with ambiguously aligned regions excluded. Branch bootstrap support values >75 % and Bayesian posterior probabilities > 0.90 are indicated. Limacella delicata, Limacella glioderma and Limacella guttata were used as an outgroup.
图S1。基于ITS数据集的最大似然树。分支支持值> 75%,贝叶斯后验概率>0.90。带封闭圆圈的符号代表小行星类群,带半圆的符号代表次生类群,其他类群均为木胶状类群。胶质瘤Limacella glioderma作为外组。S2。基于LSU数据集的最大似然树。分支支持值> 75%,贝叶斯后验概率>0.90。带封闭圆圈的符号代表小行星类群,带半圆的符号代表次生类群,其他类群均为木胶状类群。胶质瘤Limacella glioderma作为外组。图S3。基于LSU, rpb2和tef1数据集的最大似然树,排除了不明确对齐的区域。分支引导支持值> 75%,贝叶斯后验概率>0.90。以deliacella、glioderma和guttata Limacella为外组。
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引用次数: 0
Figs S1-S4 无花果S1-S4
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2021.08.12_supp1
R. Chang
Fig. S1. Phylogram obtained from ML analyses of the partial BT and EF gene sequences of the O. clavatum species complex. Sequences obtained in this study are printed in bold type. Maximum-likelihood bootstrap support values (1 000 replicates) above 70 % are indicated at the nodes. Bayesian inference posterior probabilities (above 0.9) are indicated by bold lines at the relevant branches. T = ex-type cultures. Fig. S2. Phylogram obtained from ML analyses of the ITS region and the partial BT gene of the O. ips species complex. Sequences obtained in this study are printed in bold type. Maximum-likelihood bootstrap support values (1 000 replicates) above 70 % are indicated at the nodes. The Bayesian inference posterior probabilities (above 0.9) are indicated by bold lines at the relevant branches. T = ex-type cultures. Fig. S3. Phylogram obtained from ML analyses of the ITS region, and the partial BT and CAL gene sequences of the Sporothrix gossypina species complex. Sequences obtained in this study are printed in bold type. Maximum-likelihood bootstrap support values (1 000 replicates) above 70 % are indicated at the nodes. Bayesian inference posterior probabilities (above 0.9) are indicated by bold lines at the relevant branches. T = ex-type cultures. Fig. S4. Phylogram obtained from ML analyses of the ITS region, and the partial BT and EF gene sequences of Endoconidiophra. Sequences obtained in this study are printed in bold type. Maximum-likelihood bootstrap support values (1 000 replicates) above 70 % are indicated at the nodes. Bayesian inference posterior probabilities (above 0.9) are indicated by bold lines at the relevant branches. T = ex-type cultures.
图S1。用ML分析获得了O. clavatum种复合体部分BT和EF基因序列的系统图谱。本研究获得的序列以粗体印刷。最大似然引导支持值(1 000个重复)在70%以上的节点上表示。贝叶斯推断后验概率(大于0.9)在相关分支处用粗线表示。T =前型培养。图S2。从O. ips种复合体ITS区和部分BT基因的ML分析获得系统图谱。本研究获得的序列以粗体印刷。最大似然引导支持值(1 000个重复)在70%以上的节点上表示。贝叶斯推断后验概率(大于0.9)在相关分支处用粗线表示。T =前型培养。图S3。棉棉孢子丝菌种复合体ITS区和部分BT、CAL基因序列的ML分析得到系统图谱。本研究获得的序列以粗体印刷。最大似然引导支持值(1 000个重复)在70%以上的节点上表示。贝叶斯推断后验概率(大于0.9)在相关分支处用粗线表示。T =前型培养。图S4。从ITS区域的ML分析获得系统图谱,以及内生孢子的部分BT和EF基因序列。本研究获得的序列以粗体印刷。最大似然引导支持值(1 000个重复)在70%以上的节点上表示。贝叶斯推断后验概率(大于0.9)在相关分支处用粗线表示。T =前型培养。
{"title":"Figs S1-S4","authors":"R. Chang","doi":"10.3114/fuse.2021.08.12_supp1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.08.12_supp1","url":null,"abstract":"Fig. S1. Phylogram obtained from ML analyses of the partial BT and EF gene sequences of the O. clavatum species complex. Sequences obtained in this study are printed in bold type. Maximum-likelihood bootstrap support values (1 000 replicates) above 70 % are indicated at the nodes. Bayesian inference posterior probabilities (above 0.9) are indicated by bold lines at the relevant branches. T = ex-type cultures. Fig. S2. Phylogram obtained from ML analyses of the ITS region and the partial BT gene of the O. ips species complex. Sequences obtained in this study are printed in bold type. Maximum-likelihood bootstrap support values (1 000 replicates) above 70 % are indicated at the nodes. The Bayesian inference posterior probabilities (above 0.9) are indicated by bold lines at the relevant branches. T = ex-type cultures. Fig. S3. Phylogram obtained from ML analyses of the ITS region, and the partial BT and CAL gene sequences of the Sporothrix gossypina species complex. Sequences obtained in this study are printed in bold type. Maximum-likelihood bootstrap support values (1 000 replicates) above 70 % are indicated at the nodes. Bayesian inference posterior probabilities (above 0.9) are indicated by bold lines at the relevant branches. T = ex-type cultures. Fig. S4. Phylogram obtained from ML analyses of the ITS region, and the partial BT and EF gene sequences of Endoconidiophra. Sequences obtained in this study are printed in bold type. Maximum-likelihood bootstrap support values (1 000 replicates) above 70 % are indicated at the nodes. Bayesian inference posterior probabilities (above 0.9) are indicated by bold lines at the relevant branches. T = ex-type cultures.","PeriodicalId":73121,"journal":{"name":"Fungal systematics and evolution","volume":"208 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72541864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bolbea parasitica gen. et sp. nov., a cultivable holocarpic parasitoid of the early-diverging Saprolegniomycetes. Bolbea parasitica gen. et sp. nov.,一种早期分化腐殖菌可培养的全新寄生类。
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-04-16 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2020.06.07
A T Buaya, M Thines

Holocarpic oomycetes convert their entire cytoplasm into zoospores and thus do not form dedicated sporangia or hyphal compartments for asexual reproduction. The majority of holocarpic oomycetes are obligate parasites and parasitoids of a diverse suite of organisms, among them green and red algae, brown seaweeds, diatoms, fungi, oomycetes and invertebrates. Most of them are found among the early diverging oomycetes or the Peronosporomycetes, and some in the early-diverging Saprolegniomycetes (Leptomitales). The obligate parasitism renders it difficult to study some of these organisms. Only a few members of the genus Haliphthoros s. l. have been cultured without their hosts, and of the parasitoid Leptomitales, some transient cultures have been established, which are difficult to maintain. Here, the cultivation of a new holocarpic oomycete genus of the Leptomitales, Bolbea, is presented. Bolbea is parasitic to ostracods, is readily cultivable on malt extract agar, and upon contact with water converts its cytoplasm into zoospores. Its morphology and phylogenetic relationships are reported. Due to the ease of cultivation and the ready triggering of zoospore development, similar to some lagenidiaceous oomycetes, the species could be a promising model to study sporulation processes in detail.

全新世卵菌将其整个细胞质转化为游动孢子,因此不会形成专门的孢子囊或菌丝室进行无性繁殖。大多数全新世卵菌是多种生物的专性寄生虫和拟寄生虫,其中包括绿藻和红藻、棕色海藻、硅藻、真菌、卵菌和无脊椎动物。它们大多存在于早期分化的卵菌或卵孢菌中,也有一些存在于早期分化的腐菌(Leptomitales)中。专性寄生使得研究这些生物变得困难。只有少数Haliphthoros s. l.属的成员在没有寄主的情况下进行了培养,而拟寄生物Leptomitales则建立了一些难以维持的瞬时培养。在这里,一个新的全新世卵菌属的培养Leptomitales, Bolbea,是提出。Bolbea寄生于介形虫,很容易在麦芽提取物琼脂上培养,与水接触后将其细胞质转化为游动孢子。报道了其形态和系统发育关系。由于易于培养和易于触发游动孢子的发育,与一些lagenidiacous卵菌类似,该物种可能是详细研究孢子形成过程的一个有希望的模型。
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引用次数: 2
A new species of Raffaelea from beetle-infested Leucaena leucocephala. 标题甲虫孳生的银合欢属一新种。
Pub Date : 2020-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-08-04 DOI: 10.3114/fuse.2020.06.16
M Procter, W J Nel, S Marincowitz, P W Crous, M J Wingfield

Species of Raffaelea (Ophiostomatales: Ascomycota) are obligate symbionts of ambrosia beetles, some of which pose a substantial threat to forest trees. Leucaena leucocephala is a small mimosoid tree species that is considered as an invasive weed in most of its introduced range globally. During a field expedition on the French island of Réunion, dying L. leucocephala trees were observed. Samples were taken from these trees and isolations made from symptomatic wood tissues that included beetle tunnels, but in the absence of the beetles themselves. Multiple isolates of a fungus resembling a Raffaelea species were obtained from the discoloured wood associated with the beetle tunnels. To determine their identity, microscopic examination was performed and DNA sequences for three gene regions (ITS, LSU, TUB) were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses based on these gene regions revealed that the isolates represent a new species of Raffaelea, described here as R. borbonica sp. nov. A pathogenicity test was conducted with the fungus, which was shown to cause lesions on the inoculated seedlings, but with a low level of aggressiveness.

牛角菌属(蛇气孔目:子囊菌门)是牛角虫的专性共生体,其中一些对森林树木构成重大威胁。Leucaena leucocephala是一种小型含羞草树种,在全球大部分引种地都被认为是一种入侵杂草。在法国r union岛的一次野外考察中,观察到濒死的leucocephala树。从这些树木中提取样本,并从有症状的木材组织中分离出来,这些组织包括甲虫隧道,但没有甲虫本身。从甲虫隧道相关的变色木材中获得了一种类似raffaelia的真菌的多个分离株。为了确定它们的身份,进行了显微镜检查并获得了三个基因区域(ITS, LSU, TUB)的DNA序列。基于这些基因区域的系统发育分析表明,分离物是Raffaelea的一个新种,这里描述为R. borbonica sp. 11 .。对该真菌进行了致病性测试,结果表明该真菌对接种的幼苗造成损伤,但具有低水平的侵袭性。
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引用次数: 4
期刊
Fungal systematics and evolution
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