Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3637292
Gene-Jinhan Ng;Eng-Hock Lim;Pei-Song Chee;Jen-Hahn Low;Chun-Hui Tan
In this paper, a single-layer zeroth-order resonator (ZOR) patch antenna that is loaded with four shorting stubs, which are placed in rotationally symmetric manner, is employed for designing a low-profile tag for anti-metal applications. The four stubs can generate a loop current for enabling good omnidirectionality in the azimuth plane. Also, they can be utilized to tune the tag resonant frequency effectively. An easy way of building the tag’s physical equivalent circuit model has been demonstrated here by decomposing the antenna structure into four equal quadrants. Since all the lumped components are derived from physical models, the circuit model can be used to describe the antenna impedance characteristics with reasonable accuracy. The proposed tag has a compact size of 33 mm $times 33$ mm $times 3.084$ mm ($0.1007~lambda times 0.1007~lambda times 0.0094~lambda $ ), and it can be effectively read from at least $sim ~6.3$ m (4W EIRP) in the azimuth plane when placed on metal. Good omnidirectionality can be achieved by maintaining the gain variation below 0.41 dB across the entire azimuth plane.
本文采用单层零阶谐振器（ZOR）贴片天线，负载四个旋转对称放置的短路桩，设计了一种用于防金属应用的低姿态标签。这四个桩可以产生一个环路电流，以实现在方位面上良好的全方向性。此外，它们还可用于有效地调谐标签谐振频率。通过将天线结构分解为四个相等的象限，我们演示了一种简单的方法来构建标签的物理等效电路模型。由于所有集总分量均来源于物理模型，因此电路模型可以较为准确地描述天线阻抗特性。所提出的标签具有33毫米$times 33$毫米$times 3.084$毫米（$0.1007~lambda times 0.1007~lambda times 0.0094~lambda $）的紧凑尺寸，并且当放置在金属上时，它可以有效地从方位面上至少$sim ~6.3$米（4W EIRP）读取。通过在整个方位面上保持小于0.41 dB的增益变化，可以实现良好的全向性。
{"title":"ZOR Antenna With Rotationally Symmetric Shorting Stubs for Omnidirectional Tag Design","authors":"Gene-Jinhan Ng;Eng-Hock Lim;Pei-Song Chee;Jen-Hahn Low;Chun-Hui Tan","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3637292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3637292","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a single-layer zeroth-order resonator (ZOR) patch antenna that is loaded with four shorting stubs, which are placed in rotationally symmetric manner, is employed for designing a low-profile tag for anti-metal applications. The four stubs can generate a loop current for enabling good omnidirectionality in the azimuth plane. Also, they can be utilized to tune the tag resonant frequency effectively. An easy way of building the tag’s physical equivalent circuit model has been demonstrated here by decomposing the antenna structure into four equal quadrants. Since all the lumped components are derived from physical models, the circuit model can be used to describe the antenna impedance characteristics with reasonable accuracy. The proposed tag has a compact size of 33 mm <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 33$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times 3.084$ </tex-math></inline-formula> mm (<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.1007~lambda times 0.1007~lambda times 0.0094~lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula>), and it can be effectively read from at least <inline-formula> <tex-math>$sim ~6.3$ </tex-math></inline-formula> m (4W EIRP) in the azimuth plane when placed on metal. Good omnidirectionality can be achieved by maintaining the gain variation below 0.41 dB across the entire azimuth plane.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"937-947"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145674824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-26DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3637587
Thomas Schaechtle;Georg K. J. Fischer;Jan Helmerich;Ivo Häring;Fabian Höflinger;Stefan J. Rupitsch
Nowadays, increasing digitalization may give acoustic communication an essential role in areas where electromagnetic communication fails or can only be employed with extensive effort. Consequently, acoustic communication systems need to address the challenges of real-world applications. One key requirement are the limited energy resources that battery-powered sensor nodes possess. Besides the high energy consumption during transmission and reception, listening to the communication channel for synchronization between transmitter and receiver is a major energy consuming factor. For this purpose, we introduce a concept of wake-up receivers for acoustic communication systems, originally known from radio technology. Therefore, this contribution presents a concept of a low-power acoustic wake-up receiver implemented with a demonstrator through a 1.6 mm thick metal barrier. We exploit two fundamental resonance modes of a piezoelectric disc transducer to facilitate an acoustic wake-up. The radial vibration mode at 220 kHz enables frequency-based wake-up with a sensitivity of –87 dBm and a radial distance of 1.35 m. The thickness extension mode at 1.2 MHz generates a 100 kHz subcarrier to transmit an 8-bit Manchester-coded ID at 1.1 kbps, achieving a sensitivity of –37 dBm. Both wake-up schemes have been demonstrated to function reliably with an energy consumption of $14.3~mu $ W.
{"title":"Advancements in Low-Power Ultrasonic-Based Wake-Up Through Metal","authors":"Thomas Schaechtle;Georg K. J. Fischer;Jan Helmerich;Ivo Häring;Fabian Höflinger;Stefan J. Rupitsch","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3637587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3637587","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, increasing digitalization may give acoustic communication an essential role in areas where electromagnetic communication fails or can only be employed with extensive effort. Consequently, acoustic communication systems need to address the challenges of real-world applications. One key requirement are the limited energy resources that battery-powered sensor nodes possess. Besides the high energy consumption during transmission and reception, listening to the communication channel for synchronization between transmitter and receiver is a major energy consuming factor. For this purpose, we introduce a concept of wake-up receivers for acoustic communication systems, originally known from radio technology. Therefore, this contribution presents a concept of a low-power acoustic wake-up receiver implemented with a demonstrator through a 1.6 mm thick metal barrier. We exploit two fundamental resonance modes of a piezoelectric disc transducer to facilitate an acoustic wake-up. The radial vibration mode at 220 kHz enables frequency-based wake-up with a sensitivity of –87 dBm and a radial distance of 1.35 m. The thickness extension mode at 1.2 MHz generates a 100 kHz subcarrier to transmit an 8-bit Manchester-coded ID at 1.1 kbps, achieving a sensitivity of –37 dBm. Both wake-up schemes have been demonstrated to function reliably with an energy consumption of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$14.3~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>W.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"956-966"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11269793","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145729498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-25DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3636554
Prateeti Ugale;Megan Brewster
The escalating volume of textile waste poses a critical challenge to global sustainability efforts. Each discarded garment, whether heavily worn, lightly worn, or unused, contributes to a growing environmental crisis. While sustainability remains the overarching goal, circularity offers a practical and immediate pathway to mitigate textile waste through reuse, repair, and recycling. However, a significant barrier to circularity is the industry’s inability to preserve and access a garment’s unique “fingerprint,” vital information such as fiber composition. Without this, efficient bulk sorting, and the production of high-purity feedstock for recycling remain limited. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the current textile waste management infrastructure, identifying key operational challenges, particularly those related to sorting and feedstock purity. It emphasizes the growing need for scalable solutions that can automate and enhance material identification at the end of a garment’s life. Radio frequency identification (RAIN) emerges as a promising technology to address this gap. By embedding RAIN tags directly into garments, it becomes possible to track items throughout their lifecycle. The paper also examines market forces accelerating RAIN adoption, including evolving regulatory mandates for product-level traceability, increasing brand participation driven by competitive pressure, and advancements in embedded and mobile device-readable RAIN tags. Alongside a comparative analysis of alternative identification technologies, the article concludes with a forward-looking vision of how a RAIN-enabled framework could empower producers, brands, consumers, and sorters, unlocking the full potential of textile circularity.
{"title":"Unlocking Circularity in Textiles Through a RAIN-Enabled Automated Framework","authors":"Prateeti Ugale;Megan Brewster","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3636554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3636554","url":null,"abstract":"The escalating volume of textile waste poses a critical challenge to global sustainability efforts. Each discarded garment, whether heavily worn, lightly worn, or unused, contributes to a growing environmental crisis. While sustainability remains the overarching goal, circularity offers a practical and immediate pathway to mitigate textile waste through reuse, repair, and recycling. However, a significant barrier to circularity is the industry’s inability to preserve and access a garment’s unique “fingerprint,” vital information such as fiber composition. Without this, efficient bulk sorting, and the production of high-purity feedstock for recycling remain limited. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the current textile waste management infrastructure, identifying key operational challenges, particularly those related to sorting and feedstock purity. It emphasizes the growing need for scalable solutions that can automate and enhance material identification at the end of a garment’s life. Radio frequency identification (RAIN) emerges as a promising technology to address this gap. By embedding RAIN tags directly into garments, it becomes possible to track items throughout their lifecycle. The paper also examines market forces accelerating RAIN adoption, including evolving regulatory mandates for product-level traceability, increasing brand participation driven by competitive pressure, and advancements in embedded and mobile device-readable RAIN tags. Alongside a comparative analysis of alternative identification technologies, the article concludes with a forward-looking vision of how a RAIN-enabled framework could empower producers, brands, consumers, and sorters, unlocking the full potential of textile circularity.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"919-936"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11267454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145674821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-21DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3635554
Jihan Liang;Jixuan Zhu;Bo Tao;Zhouping Yin
Passive magnetic relay technology offers an effective solution for enhancing the detection range of an underground low-frequency (LF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system. However, the parameter optimization of relay coils based on theoretical models remains an unresolved challenge. Firstly, this work establishes an equivalent circuit model for a three-coil RFID system and derives the transmission efficiency based on the reflected impedance theory. Compared to traditional two-coil RFID systems, the passive underground RFID detection system based on magnetic relay can improve the transmission efficiency, thereby increasing its detection range. Then, a genetic algorithm is designed to optimize the radius and deployment position of the relay coil with the goal of maximizing transmission efficiency, and the rationality of the optimal relay coil design is verified through simulations. Finally, a test platform for the three-coil RFID system is constructed, and the experimental results show that the maximum detection range of the three-coil RFID system is increased by 15.23% due to the passive relay coil, while also validating the feasibility of the proposed relay coil optimization design method.
{"title":"Optimization of a Passive Magnetic Relay Coil for Underground RFID Detection Systems","authors":"Jihan Liang;Jixuan Zhu;Bo Tao;Zhouping Yin","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3635554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3635554","url":null,"abstract":"Passive magnetic relay technology offers an effective solution for enhancing the detection range of an underground low-frequency (LF) Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system. However, the parameter optimization of relay coils based on theoretical models remains an unresolved challenge. Firstly, this work establishes an equivalent circuit model for a three-coil RFID system and derives the transmission efficiency based on the reflected impedance theory. Compared to traditional two-coil RFID systems, the passive underground RFID detection system based on magnetic relay can improve the transmission efficiency, thereby increasing its detection range. Then, a genetic algorithm is designed to optimize the radius and deployment position of the relay coil with the goal of maximizing transmission efficiency, and the rationality of the optimal relay coil design is verified through simulations. Finally, a test platform for the three-coil RFID system is constructed, and the experimental results show that the maximum detection range of the three-coil RFID system is increased by 15.23% due to the passive relay coil, while also validating the feasibility of the proposed relay coil optimization design method.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"910-918"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145674750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-17DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3633612
Christopher Saetia;Daniel M. Dobkin;Gregory D. Durgin
In this article, we briefly review the history of the use of radio signals to identify objects and of the key Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) standards for ultra-high-frequency (UHF) and near-field communications (NFC) that enabled broad use of these technologies in daily life. We will compare the vision for the future presented by the Auto-ID Lab in the early $21^{mathrm {st}}$ century with the reality we see today, two decades and a little after. We will review some of the applications in which UHF RFID technology has become hugely successful, others where High Frequency Near-field Communications (HF NFC) is preferred, and applications where optical identification or active wireless communications are dominant. We will then examine some possible future paths for RFID technology. We anticipate that UHF read capability will become widely available for cellphones, making it as universal as NFC and Bluetooth are today. We will look at more sophisticated radio interfaces, such as multiple antenna phased arrays for readers, and tunnel diode reflection for tags. We will discuss the integration of information from Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based image processing, barcodes, NFC and UHF tags, into a digital twin of the real environment experienced by the human user. We will examine the role of RFID with sensing in improving the management of perishable goods. The role that RFID might play in a truly circular economy, with intelligent recycling and reuse, will be discussed. Finally, we survey the many hazards and obstacles that obstruct the path to an RF-informed future.
{"title":"Radio Frequency Identification: Decades at a Time","authors":"Christopher Saetia;Daniel M. Dobkin;Gregory D. Durgin","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3633612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3633612","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we briefly review the history of the use of radio signals to identify objects and of the key Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) standards for ultra-high-frequency (UHF) and near-field communications (NFC) that enabled broad use of these technologies in daily life. We will compare the vision for the future presented by the Auto-ID Lab in the early <inline-formula> <tex-math>$21^{mathrm {st}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> century with the reality we see today, two decades and a little after. We will review some of the applications in which UHF RFID technology has become hugely successful, others where High Frequency Near-field Communications (HF NFC) is preferred, and applications where optical identification or active wireless communications are dominant. We will then examine some possible future paths for RFID technology. We anticipate that UHF read capability will become widely available for cellphones, making it as universal as NFC and Bluetooth are today. We will look at more sophisticated radio interfaces, such as multiple antenna phased arrays for readers, and tunnel diode reflection for tags. We will discuss the integration of information from Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based image processing, barcodes, NFC and UHF tags, into a digital twin of the real environment experienced by the human user. We will examine the role of RFID with sensing in improving the management of perishable goods. The role that RFID might play in a truly circular economy, with intelligent recycling and reuse, will be discussed. Finally, we survey the many hazards and obstacles that obstruct the path to an RF-informed future.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"895-909"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145674841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3628985
Clemens Korn;Joerg Robert
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a widely used technology for identifying and locating objects equipped with low-cost RFID transponders (tags). UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID operates in frequency bands around 900 MHz and supports communication distances of up to 15 m between the reader and the tag. Reliable motion detection is therefore a highly relevant feature in modern logistics – for example, to determine whether a tag is actually placed on a conveyor belt or merely in its vicinity. A promising approach for accurate motion detection is the use of the Doppler effect. Some state-of-the-art UHF-RFID readers already support Doppler shift measurements. However, their measurement accuracy is insufficient for many applications. In this paper, we propose enhancements for the precise Doppler shift estimation using existing RFID systems – an essential step toward enabling RFID-based motion detection in future logistics. Further, we also derive the theoretical bounds for Doppler-based motion detection in UHF-RFID systems based on the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound. These bounds analyze the influence of tag signal strength, signal duration, and the intervals between multiple tag replies on the performance of motion detection and speed estimation algorithms. In addition, we establish theoretical limits that account for hardware constraints in current UHF-RFID readers. The results of this work provide valuable insights into the limitations of Doppler-based motion detection and support system-level performance optimization. They enable prediction of achievable performance based on reader noise figure, aiding in the design and tuning of RFID systems.
{"title":"Theoretical Bounds for Enhanced Doppler-Based Motion Detection in UHF-RFID Readers","authors":"Clemens Korn;Joerg Robert","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3628985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3628985","url":null,"abstract":"Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a widely used technology for identifying and locating objects equipped with low-cost RFID transponders (tags). UHF (Ultra High Frequency) RFID operates in frequency bands around 900 MHz and supports communication distances of up to 15 m between the reader and the tag. Reliable motion detection is therefore a highly relevant feature in modern logistics – for example, to determine whether a tag is actually placed on a conveyor belt or merely in its vicinity. A promising approach for accurate motion detection is the use of the Doppler effect. Some state-of-the-art UHF-RFID readers already support Doppler shift measurements. However, their measurement accuracy is insufficient for many applications. In this paper, we propose enhancements for the precise Doppler shift estimation using existing RFID systems – an essential step toward enabling RFID-based motion detection in future logistics. Further, we also derive the theoretical bounds for Doppler-based motion detection in UHF-RFID systems based on the Cramer-Rao Lower Bound. These bounds analyze the influence of tag signal strength, signal duration, and the intervals between multiple tag replies on the performance of motion detection and speed estimation algorithms. In addition, we establish theoretical limits that account for hardware constraints in current UHF-RFID readers. The results of this work provide valuable insights into the limitations of Doppler-based motion detection and support system-level performance optimization. They enable prediction of achievable performance based on reader noise figure, aiding in the design and tuning of RFID systems.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"883-894"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145560792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-28DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3626017
Shuai Yang;Ryan Jones;Richard Penty;Michael Crisp
This paper introduces novel sensing applications leveraging tag-to-tag communication. Building on a prior method for inter-tag channel estimation, we explore various proof-of-concept sensing modalities enabled by this technique and compare these to conventional reader to tag measurements. We demonstrate that tag displacement information, including both 1D and 2D localization, can be accurately estimated. Specifically, our approach achieves better than 2.5 cm error in over 90% of the test locations with only a single reader antenna. Furthermore, we investigate the inter-tag channel dependence on angular misalignment of the tags, and show that the inter-tag channel phase is independent of rotation and hence our method is robust to tag angular misalignment. Finally we demonstrate liquid level sensing of a container in the inter-tag channel, showing that the fill level of a bottle can be estimated, independent of its position.
{"title":"Applications in Localization and Sensing Leveraging Inter-Tag Channel Estimation","authors":"Shuai Yang;Ryan Jones;Richard Penty;Michael Crisp","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3626017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3626017","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces novel sensing applications leveraging tag-to-tag communication. Building on a prior method for inter-tag channel estimation, we explore various proof-of-concept sensing modalities enabled by this technique and compare these to conventional reader to tag measurements. We demonstrate that tag displacement information, including both 1D and 2D localization, can be accurately estimated. Specifically, our approach achieves better than 2.5 cm error in over 90% of the test locations with only a single reader antenna. Furthermore, we investigate the inter-tag channel dependence on angular misalignment of the tags, and show that the inter-tag channel phase is independent of rotation and hence our method is robust to tag angular misalignment. Finally we demonstrate liquid level sensing of a container in the inter-tag channel, showing that the fill level of a bottle can be estimated, independent of its position.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"874-882"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-16DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3622467
Yuheng He;Chinaza Ogbonna;Sree Adinarayana Dasari;Seung Yoon Lee;Luke A. Beardslee;Nima Ghalichechian
We present the design, simulation, fabrication, and measurement results of a biodegradable sensor for postoperative monitoring. The proposed sensor is composed of a modified split-ring resonator (SRR) loaded with interdigitated capacitors (IDCs). The sensor operates at around 3.2 GHz in free space and around 2 GHz in liquid solution. The designed sensor can resolve the sensing film thickness of $6.2~mu $ m. The sensitivity is extracted to be 4.2% in free space and 1.8% in the phantom box. A 2-tag configuration is developed to calibrate for the uncertain operating frequency when implanted. Additionally, both wired and wireless measurements are developed to fully characterize the sensor performance. Lastly, we demonstrated that the backscattering measurement data, quantified as resonance frequency in a laboratory environment, matches well with the simulation results. This work demonstrates the potential of using a wireless solution for microwave thickness sensing in next-generation biodegradable devices.
{"title":"A Bioresorbable Backscatter Sensor Facilitated by IDCs Loaded SRR for pH Monitoring","authors":"Yuheng He;Chinaza Ogbonna;Sree Adinarayana Dasari;Seung Yoon Lee;Luke A. Beardslee;Nima Ghalichechian","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3622467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3622467","url":null,"abstract":"We present the design, simulation, fabrication, and measurement results of a biodegradable sensor for postoperative monitoring. The proposed sensor is composed of a modified split-ring resonator (SRR) loaded with interdigitated capacitors (IDCs). The sensor operates at around 3.2 GHz in free space and around 2 GHz in liquid solution. The designed sensor can resolve the sensing film thickness of <inline-formula> <tex-math>$6.2~mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m. The sensitivity is extracted to be 4.2% in free space and 1.8% in the phantom box. A 2-tag configuration is developed to calibrate for the uncertain operating frequency when implanted. Additionally, both wired and wireless measurements are developed to fully characterize the sensor performance. Lastly, we demonstrated that the backscattering measurement data, quantified as resonance frequency in a laboratory environment, matches well with the simulation results. This work demonstrates the potential of using a wireless solution for microwave thickness sensing in next-generation biodegradable devices.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"865-873"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145510154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-10-13DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3620894
Marek Jahnke;Ben Palmer;Enrico Stoll;Ulf Kulau
LiFi for intra-satellite communication offers immense advantages like flexible AIT or reduced complexity (harness). However, high bandwidths and redundancies are equally required. Modulation methods that make use of the broad spectrum of light are Color Space Based Modulations (CSBMs). However, this requires precise knowledge of the transceivers and environments, as previous methods usually map to the CIE 1931 color scheme. But for intra-satellite communication, various assumptions can be made that favor the use of CSBM within the satellite. This paper presents an automated procedure that generates the symbols for CSBM. In order to ensure high reliability while using the entire color space for the symbols, a method based on cuboids is presented, which guarantees an overlap-free mapping between Transmit- and Signal-Space. In addition, the implementation of a Receiver based on an Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is presented and real world measurements are conducted in detail to show the automatic symbol generation and the evaluation of symbol detection capabilities for communication.
{"title":"Implementation and Evaluation of CSBM for Intra-Satellite Communication With Cuboid-Based Signal-Space Generated Symbols","authors":"Marek Jahnke;Ben Palmer;Enrico Stoll;Ulf Kulau","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3620894","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3620894","url":null,"abstract":"LiFi for intra-satellite communication offers immense advantages like flexible AIT or reduced complexity (harness). However, high bandwidths and redundancies are equally required. Modulation methods that make use of the broad spectrum of light are Color Space Based Modulations (CSBMs). However, this requires precise knowledge of the transceivers and environments, as previous methods usually map to the CIE 1931 color scheme. But for intra-satellite communication, various assumptions can be made that favor the use of CSBM within the satellite. This paper presents an automated procedure that generates the symbols for CSBM. In order to ensure high reliability while using the entire color space for the symbols, a method based on cuboids is presented, which guarantees an overlap-free mapping between Transmit- and Signal-Space. In addition, the implementation of a Receiver based on an Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) is presented and real world measurements are conducted in detail to show the automatic symbol generation and the evaluation of symbol detection capabilities for communication.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"852-864"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A limitation to the practical use of chipless tags is due to the short reading distance, the small number of bits to be used for identification and the stability of the response. For sensor tag a further limitation is the sensitivity. In this work we present a design method and a model of a chipless sensor tag for crack mouth opening displacement that allow to improve these limitations. The sensor tag has been realized and measured confirming the design characteristics. It, based on the spectral signature, has 6 spectral lines (‘bits’) for identification, 1 spectral line for the sensor with adjustable sensitivity. In the experimental measurements it resulted readable from a distance of around 40 cm, from a direction of ± 15° with respect to boresight and with a sensitivity of around 29MHz/mm.
{"title":"A Crack Mouth Opening Displacement Gauge Based on Van-Atta UWB Cross-Pol Chipless Tag Technology","authors":"Alessandro Di-Carlofelice;Emidio Di-Giampaolo;Piero Tognolatti","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3617957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3617957","url":null,"abstract":"A limitation to the practical use of chipless tags is due to the short reading distance, the small number of bits to be used for identification and the stability of the response. For sensor tag a further limitation is the sensitivity. In this work we present a design method and a model of a chipless sensor tag for crack mouth opening displacement that allow to improve these limitations. The sensor tag has been realized and measured confirming the design characteristics. It, based on the spectral signature, has 6 spectral lines (‘bits’) for identification, 1 spectral line for the sensor with adjustable sensitivity. In the experimental measurements it resulted readable from a distance of around 40 cm, from a direction of ± 15° with respect to boresight and with a sensitivity of around 29MHz/mm.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"841-851"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145352118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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