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Carrier-Free RFID: Using Modulated Noise Communication to Read UHF RFID Tags 无载波 RFID:利用调制噪声通信读取超高频 RFID 标签
Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3379189
Shanti Garman;Ali Saffari;Daisuke Kobuchi;Dara Stotland;Joshua R. Smith;Zerina Kapetanovic
In this work, we demonstrate that it is possible to read UHF RFID tags without a carrier. Specifically, we introduce an alternative reader design that does not emit a carrier and allows reading RFID tags intended for conventional carrier-based systems. While traditional RFID tags modulate a carrier, it is important to note that a modulation circuit used for backscatter also modulates the inherent noise of the tag circuitry, including the Johnson noise, irrespective of whether a carrier is present or not. Our Modulated Noise Communication (MNC) approach leverages recent work on Modulated Johnson Noise (MJN) and can be read by an alternative RFID reader design that enables simpler, more accessible RFID readings than a conventional backscatter reader by eliminating self-jamming obstructions. MNC is shown to support wireless transmission of data packets between 2 cm to 10 cm of separation between a standard UHF RFID tag and the proposed alternative reader for data rates of 1 bps and 2 bps.
在这项工作中,我们证明了在没有载波的情况下读取超高频 RFID 标签是可能的。具体来说,我们引入了一种不发射载波的替代读取器设计,可以读取传统载波系统使用的 RFID 标签。传统的 RFID 标签会对载波进行调制,但值得注意的是,用于反向散射的调制电路也会对标签电路的固有噪声(包括约翰逊噪声)进行调制,而与载波存在与否无关。我们的调制噪声通信(MNC)方法利用了最近在调制约翰逊噪声(MJN)方面的研究成果,可通过另一种射频识别(RFID)读取器设计进行读取,与传统的反向散射读取器相比,这种读取器消除了自干扰障碍,读取起来更简单、更方便。MNC 支持在标准 UHF RFID 标签和拟议的替代读取器之间 2 厘米至 10 厘米的距离内无线传输数据包,数据传输速率为 1 bps 和 2 bps。
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引用次数: 0
Development of a Parallel-Mechanism-Based Robotic Wrist With Remote Center of Motion Capability to Assist Ultrasound Scanning 开发具有远程运动中心功能的基于平行机械的机器人手腕,以辅助超声波扫描
Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3379561
Pengcheng Zhang;Zhaokun Deng;Xilong Hou;Shuangyi Wang
In recent years, the combination of ultrasound imaging and robotics has opened up new possibilities, and a flexible and efficient robotic wrist is the key to achieving the implementation of this technology. Equipped with an ultrasound probe, a robotic wrist with remote center of motion (RCM) control can effectively assist physicians in performing ultrasound examinations. In this paper, we present the development of a parallel mechanism-based robotic wrist and illustrate the kinematic solution of the control, which can effectively set different RCM points. For validation, we tested the control accuracy of the prototype using an optical tracking system and the results show that the average absolute translational error is 0.51mm, rotational error is 0.41° and the constraint point error along the axis is 0.57mm. Furthermore, to simulate a realistic environment, an ultrasound image acquisition experiment is designed based on an ultrasound abdominal phantom. The results effectively demonstrate the effectiveness of RCM control for adjusting actual ultrasound images through real image acquisition, demonstrating the usefulness of the method in assisting physicians to perform ultrasound sweeps as well as providing new ways of acquiring diagnostic information.
近年来,超声波成像与机器人技术的结合带来了新的可能性,而灵活高效的机器人手腕则是实现这一技术的关键。配备超声波探头、具有远程运动中心(RCM)控制功能的机器人手腕可以有效地协助医生进行超声波检查。在本文中,我们介绍了基于并联机构的机器人手腕的开发情况,并说明了控制的运动学解决方案,它可以有效地设置不同的 RCM 点。为了进行验证,我们使用光学跟踪系统测试了原型的控制精度,结果表明平均绝对平移误差为 0.51mm,旋转误差为 0.41°,沿轴线的约束点误差为 0.57mm。此外,为了模拟真实环境,还设计了基于超声腹部模型的超声图像采集实验。结果有效证明了 RCM 控制在通过真实图像采集调整实际超声图像方面的有效性,证明了该方法在协助医生进行超声扫查方面的实用性,并为获取诊断信息提供了新的途径。
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引用次数: 0
Pattern-Reconfigurable, Circularly Polarized, High-Gain, Archimedean Spiral Antenna Array for Long-Distance, Wide-Coverage RFID Inventorying 用于远距离、广覆盖 RFID 盘点的模式可重构、圆极化、高增益、阿基米德螺旋天线阵列
Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3379875
Da Yi;Ren-Long Zhang;Ming-Chun Tang;Jing-Feng Fu;Yao Li;Xing-Xing Li;Huapeng Zhao;Richard W. Ziolkowski
A low-cost, pattern-reconfigurable, circularly polarized, high-gain, radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader antenna array is presented. It is a $2times2$ array whose elements are based on an innovative Archimedean spiral design. A 4-way power divider feed network with switchable delay lines is designed that enables reconfiguring the radiation patterns of the array. Because of its high realized gain and nine reconfigurable states, the developed reader antenna can be applied in long-distance, wide-coverage RFID inventorying. The fabricated prototype, with dimensions $1.15times 1.15times 0.07~lambda _{L}^{3}$ at 920 MHz, achieves a measured axial-ratio (AR) fractional bandwidth of 4.6%, and a peak realized gain (RG) of 10.5 dBic (12 dBic without the feed network). The RG of its reconfigurable patterns is greater than 6 dBic within $theta $ = $0^{circ }pm 45^{circ }$ for all azimuth angles. It was also tested in an outdoor range as the reader antenna for a practical RFID system. The maximum read distance was 22.3 m.
本文介绍了一种低成本、可重新配置图案、圆极化、高增益的射频识别(RFID)阅读器天线阵列。这是一个 2 美元乘 2 美元的阵列,其元件基于创新的阿基米德螺旋设计。设计了一个带有可切换延迟线的 4 路功率分配器馈电网络,可以重新配置阵列的辐射模式。由于实现了高增益和九种可重新配置的状态,所开发的读取器天线可应用于远距离、大覆盖范围的 RFID 盘点。制作的原型尺寸为1.15/times 1.15/times 0.07~lambda _{L}^{3}$,频率为920 MHz,测得的轴向比(AR)分数带宽为4.6%,峰值实现增益(RG)为10.5 dBic(无馈电网络时为12 dBic)。其可重构图案的 RG 在所有方位角的 $theta $ = $0^{circ }pm 45^{circ }$ 范围内均大于 6 dBic。它还作为实用 RFID 系统的读取器天线在室外范围进行了测试。最大读取距离为 22.3 米。
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引用次数: 0
Parallel Dispatching: A New Paradigm for High-Speed Train Operation Management and Optimization 并行调度:高速列车运行管理与优化的新范例
Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3379225
Min Zhou;Hairong Dong;Juanjuan Li;Runmei Li;Xuan Liu;Hongwei Wang
In order to tackle the intricate challenges of train dispatching and command within China’s extensive high-speed railways (HSRs) network, this paper presents a novel parallel dispatching approach founded on the ACP (Artificial systems, Computational experiments, and Parallel execution) methodology. We provide a comprehensive overview of the framework and technical architecture of the parallel dispatching system (PDS), offering detailed insights into each fundamental module. It initiates by establishing the PDS for HSRs, emphasizing the deep integration of the actual and artificial systems. The methods for train operation situation deduction, rapid dispatching strategy generation, and comprehensive evaluation of parallel dispatching are then expounded, each tailored to different scales. Subsequently, the paper proposes the creation of a parallel dispatching platform for HSRs, utilizing a real line’s dispatching system as a prototype. Two typical scenarios are considered to validate the effectiveness of the PDS. The computational experiments are designed and executed in the artificial dispatching system to facilitate accurate deduction of operational scenarios and swift generation of dispatching solutions within defined computational constraints. The adjustment effects are assessed and iteratively optimized through parallel execution. The research outcomes of this paper can serve as a theoretical foundation and technical resource for the design, implementation, and validation of PDS in China’s high-speed railway network.
为了应对中国高速铁路(HSR)网络中列车调度和指挥的复杂挑战,本文提出了一种基于 ACP(人工系统、计算实验和并行执行)方法的新型并行调度方法。我们全面概述了并行调度系统(PDS)的框架和技术架构,并对每个基本模块进行了详细介绍。报告从建立高铁并行调度系统入手,强调实际系统与人工系统的深度融合。然后阐述了列车运行态势推演、快速调度策略生成和并行调度综合评估的方法,每种方法都针对不同规模的列车运行态势而量身定制。随后,本文以实际线路的调度系统为原型,提出了高铁并行调度平台的创建方案。文中考虑了两个典型场景,以验证 PDS 的有效性。计算实验在人工调度系统中设计和执行,以便在规定的计算约束条件下准确推断运行场景并快速生成调度解决方案。通过并行执行对调整效果进行评估和迭代优化。本文的研究成果可作为中国高速铁路网 PDS 设计、实施和验证的理论基础和技术资源。
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引用次数: 0
Guest Editorial on Advanced Antennas for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Systems 射频识别(RFID)系统的先进天线》客座编辑文章
Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-20 DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3396948
Daniele Inserra;Andrea Michel
The RFID community is enjoying new impetus coming from the revolutionary Internet-of-Things (IoT) paradigm and its integration with new application scenarios like Industry 4.0. RFID technology, in fact, enables reliable communication at low cost and with lightweight apparatus, desirable features for pervasive devices employment as desired by the IoT. Nonetheless, commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) solutions cannot be always employed in some of emerging application scenarios, requiring customized reader and/or tag antenna design. In order to collect the most recent developments in the antenna design research for both legacy and novel RFID application contexts, the IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification proposed the special issue “Advanced Antennas for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Systems”. A RFID system and its performance clearly depend on the antenna ability, both on reader and tag sides, to make the system accessible from short or long distances, and on different environments. The latter is particularly important in the new RFID tag application contexts, e.g., industrial manufacturing processes, vehicular environments, etc., where tags are indifferently applied on heterogeneous materials, many times on metal surfaces, and for this reason the antenna design requires particular care. Moreover, the pervasive diffusion of RFID-IoT devices poses new challenges in inventory assessment, requiring even longer read ranges and wide coverage ability, which clearly translates in new reader/tag antenna requirements. The purpose of this special issue was therefore to encourage the research on novel RFID antenna design solutions for both reader and tag devices to face these new application scenarios and cope with the new challenging requirements. Starting from magnetic coupling resonant high-frequency (HF) RFID systems, Mukherjee et al. consider the annoying problem of HF RFID reading performance deterioration in the presence of metallic conductors in the close vicinity [A1]. This problem arises because of the eddy currents induced on the metal surface by a varying magnetic field generated by the reader coil, which in turn generate an opposite magnetic field that reduces the intensity of the original field, deteriorating the reader-tag communication performance. Authors study the possibility to employ an auxiliary coil in the proximity of the metal surface, and how this mitigates the deleterious surface current effect. Tag coils co-located with the auxiliary coil are fabricated and placed on the cap of a plastic container (where the cap contains an aluminum foil) and on a credit card size metal sheet to benchmark the read range capabilities, showing an almost doubled read range and an improvement of more than 44% if compared with the case no auxiliary coil, respectively.
革命性的物联网(IoT)模式及其与工业 4.0 等新应用场景的整合为 RFID 业界带来了新的动力。事实上,射频识别(RFID)技术能以低成本和轻便的设备实现可靠的通信,这是物联网所需的普及型设备的理想功能。然而,商业现货(COTS)解决方案并不能始终应用于某些新兴应用场景,这就需要定制化的读取器和/或标签天线设计。为了收集传统和新型 RFID 应用背景下天线设计研究的最新进展,《电气和电子工程师学会射频识别学报》(IEEE Journal of Radio Frequency Identification)提议出版 "射频识别(RFID)系统的先进天线 "特刊。射频识别(RFID)系统及其性能显然取决于读取器和标签两侧天线的能力,以实现系统在不同环境下的长距离或短距离访问。后者在新的 RFID 标签应用环境中尤为重要,如工业生产过程、车辆环境等,标签被随意地贴在不同的材料上,很多时候是贴在金属表面上,因此天线的设计需要特别小心。此外,RFID-IoT 设备的普及为库存评估带来了新的挑战,需要更远的读取距离和更广的覆盖能力,这显然需要新的读取器/标签天线。因此,本特刊旨在鼓励针对读写器和标签设备的新型 RFID 天线设计方案的研究,以应对这些新的应用场景和新的挑战性要求。Mukherjee 等人从磁耦合谐振高频 (HF) RFID 系统入手,研究了在金属导体近距离存在的情况下 HF RFID 读取性能下降的恼人问题[A1]。出现这一问题的原因是读取器线圈产生的变化磁场在金属表面诱发了涡流,涡流反过来又产生了相反的磁场,从而降低了原始磁场的强度,恶化了读取器与标签之间的通信性能。作者研究了在金属表面附近使用辅助线圈的可能性,以及如何减轻有害的表面电流效应。作者制作了与辅助线圈同位的标签线圈,并将其放置在塑料容器的盖子上(盖子上有铝箔)和信用卡大小的金属片上,对读取范围能力进行了基准测试,结果显示,与没有辅助线圈的情况相比,读取范围几乎增加了一倍,读取性能提高了 44% 以上。
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引用次数: 0
Zeroth-Order Serpentine Antenna With Omnidirectional Radiation Pattern for Anti-Metal Tag Antenna Design 用于反金属标签天线设计的具有全向辐射模式的零阶蛇形天线
Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3376333
Muthukannan Murugesh;Eng-Hock Lim;Pei-Song Chee;Fwee-Leong Bong
A new double-layered serpentine antenna is proposed for designing an anti-metal tag with an omnidirectional radiation pattern on metallic surfaces using the concept of electric and magnetic loop currents. The zeroth-order resonance (ZOR) structure here is made up of two closely stacked serpentine lines for providing the strong capacitive reactance and parasitic elements that are required for supporting the zeroth-order resonance. Also, the geometrical parameters of the double-layered serpentine structure can control the capacitive reactance for tuning the tag resonant frequency effectively. Due to the successful excitation of the ZOR mode, our tag antenna can generate a reasonably good omnidirectional radiation pattern with a consistent read range of 7.9 m– 8.9 m (at EIRP of 4 W) on metal in all directions in the azimuth plane. It has a uniform spatial coverage ( $>$ 8 m) in the entire azimuth plane. Additionally, the antenna’s good impedance matching allows for an excellent power transmission of $sim 99$ %. The tag resonant frequency is found to be very stable and not affected much by any changes in the backing object and the maximum measured read range is $sim 9$ meters in $theta ,,{=},,pm $ 50 o at 915 MHz. It has a footprint of 50 mm $times50$ mm ( $0.153lambda times 0.153lambda$ ) with a low profile of 3.38 mm ( $0.010lambda$ ). Furthermore, the antenna configuration is a simple folded structure around the foam substrate, without comprising any complex structures.
本文提出了一种新型双层蛇形天线,用于利用电流和磁环流的概念设计一种在金属表面具有全向辐射模式的抗金属标签。这里的零阶谐振(ZOR)结构由两条紧密堆叠的蛇形线组成,用于提供支持零阶谐振所需的强电容电抗和寄生元件。此外,双层蛇形结构的几何参数可以控制电容电抗,从而有效调节标签谐振频率。由于成功激发了 ZOR 模式,我们的标签天线可以产生相当好的全向辐射模式,在方位面的所有方向上,对金属的读取距离稳定在 7.9 米至 8.9 米之间(EIRP 为 4 W)。它在整个方位平面内具有均匀的空间覆盖范围(8 米)。此外,天线良好的阻抗匹配使其功率传输率达到 99%。标签的谐振频率非常稳定,不会受到背衬物体任何变化的影响,在 915 MHz 频率下,最大测量读取距离为 9 米。它的占地面积为 50 毫米乘以 50 美元(0.153 美元乘以 0.153 美元),外形小巧,仅为 3.38 毫米(0.010 美元)。此外,天线结构是围绕泡沫基板的简单折叠结构,不包含任何复杂结构。
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引用次数: 0
Close Motion Estimation of UHF-RFID Tagged Objects Based on Electromagnetic Coupling 基于电磁耦合的 UHF-RFID 标签物体近距离运动估计
Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3375795
Lorenzo Bianchi;Emidio Di Giampaolo;Francesco Martinelli;Fabrizio Romanelli
We consider the close relative motion of two UHF RFID tags and the problem is the estimation of the distance between the two tags, by measuring the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and the phase of the RFID signal backscattered by one of the two tags. Due to the short distance considered, and hence to the electromagnetic coupling between the antennas, the measured RSSI and phase present a complex and ambiguous dependence on the distance between the tags. The problem is solved through two approaches, based respectively on a Multi-Hypothesis Extended and a Multi-Hypothesis Unscented Kalman Filter (MHEKF and MHUKF). The availability of phase and RSSI allows to mitigate the ambiguity in the problem and to estimate the distance without any information on its initial value. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the approach, with the MHUKF presenting slightly better performances compared to the MHEKF. The proposed setup can be applied in manufacturing, robotics, safety and in any context where the variable distance between two close objects should be monitored.
我们考虑了两个超高频 RFID 标签的近距离相对运动,问题是通过测量接收信号强度指示器(RSSI)和两个标签之一反向散射的 RFID 信号的相位来估计两个标签之间的距离。由于所考虑的距离很短,因此天线之间存在电磁耦合,测量到的 RSSI 和相位与标签之间的距离有着复杂而模糊的关系。该问题通过两种方法来解决,分别基于多假设扩展卡尔曼滤波器(MHEKF)和多假设无标点卡尔曼滤波器(MHUKF)。有了相位和 RSSI,就可以减少问题的模糊性,并在没有任何初始值信息的情况下估计距离。仿真和实验结果表明了该方法的有效性,其中 MHUKF 的性能略优于 MHEKF。建议的设置可应用于制造、机器人、安全以及任何需要监控两个近距离物体之间可变距离的场合。
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引用次数: 0
Automated Current Monitoring for Microchannel Plates on Fast Plasma Investigation 快速等离子体研究中微通道板的自动电流监测
Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-08 DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3398443
Joseph Patton;Alexander C. Barrie;Stewart Doe;Daniel Gershman;Levon Avanov;Ali Abedi
The Fast Plasma Investigation (FPI) is an instrument suite aboard NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale space physics mission, which is designed to study magnetic reconnection in the Earth’s magnetosphere. In this work, a predictive model of microchannel plate (MCP) current was developed for FPI to autonomously monitor the device currents. The results of an analysis of the resistance of the microchannel plates included in the FPI particle spectrometers are presented along with a new model that combines a physically-informed model of MCP resistance with an empirically-derived model of FPI instrument temperature. This improved estimation of MCP resistance allows for a more precise determination of nominal MCP current, enabling accurate detection of current anomalies.
快速等离子体调查(FPI)是美国国家航空航天局磁层多尺度空间物理任务上的一套仪器,旨在研究地球磁层中的磁重联。在这项工作中,为 FPI 开发了一个微通道板 (MCP) 电流预测模型,以自主监测设备电流。本文介绍了对 FPI 粒子分光计中的微通道板电阻的分析结果,以及一个新模型,该模型结合了 MCP 电阻的物理信息模型和 FPI 仪器温度的经验模型。这种改进的 MCP 电阻估算方法可以更精确地确定 MCP 的额定电流,从而准确检测电流异常。
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引用次数: 0
A Wireless Motion Sensor Operating Down to −28-dBm Energy Harvesting 工作频率低至 -28 分贝的能量收集无线运动传感器
Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3374648
Yero Dia;Helena Ribeiro;Laurent Oyhenart;Elie Zaraket;Ludivine Fadel;Valerie Vigneras;Corinne Dejous;Nuno Carvalho;Simon Hemour
ZeroPower devices are the next generation of Internet of Things. Typically taping from ambient energy, or activated by a remote reader, their first and foremost challenge is the operation distance from the nearest RF source. Unfortunately, these systems can only be activated within a range of a few tens of meters due to their minimum activation power (also named reading sensitivity). This work reduces the harvesting power to a new threshold of −28dBm ( $1.5 mu text{W}$ ). We demonstrate a wireless motion sensor operating in burst mode with as low as 120 mV of DC voltage and $0.72 mu text{J}$ of stored energy. This efficient operation is achieved without any DC/DC conversion thanks to a four-stages rectifier biasing a tunnel diode Voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO).
零功耗设备是下一代物联网。它们通常利用环境能源或通过远程读取器激活,其首要挑战是与最近的射频源的操作距离。遗憾的是,由于这些系统的最小激活功率(也称为读取灵敏度),它们只能在几十米的范围内被激活。这项研究将采集功率降低到了-28dBm(1.5 美元)的新阈值。我们展示了一种在突发模式下工作的无线运动传感器,其直流电压低至 120 mV,存储能量为 0.72 mu text{J}$。由于采用了四级整流器为隧道二极管压控振荡器(VCO)提供偏压,因此无需任何直流/直流转换即可实现这种高效运行。
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引用次数: 0
Co-Location of PV Panel With Meshed Antenna Array for Inter-Satellite Energy Transmission 光伏电池板与网状天线阵列共址用于卫星间能量传输
Q2 ENGINEERING, ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC Pub Date : 2024-03-06 DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3397575
A. Baris Gok;Diego Masotti;Alessandra Costanzo
This paper investigates the design and fabrication, by additive manufacturing, of optically transparent meshed patch antenna arrays atop photovoltaic (PV) panels. This integration is foreseen to be exploited in space by small satellites to enable wireless power transfer among them, while maintaining optimal solar power production, with no need for extra areas for the antenna subsystems. The proposed antenna arrays utilize a novel approach, where horizontal conductive strips of a meshed metallization are removed, to enhance transparency without compromising antenna performance. Two arrays are designed at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, and the associated design choices and issues are discussed. The antenna metallizations make use of vertical strips only with a line spacing of $0.04boldsymbol {lambda }$ , found to be the best compromise to ensure maximal transparency and antenna performance, using low-cost printing technique on 110 mm $times $ 110 mm borosilicate glass. Simulations and experiments show that the underlying PV metallization patterns have a significant impact on the antenna radiation properties at the highest operating frequency of 5.8 GHz. In this case, a degradation of the antenna gain compared to the predictions is observed. Through a reverse-engineering method, this effect is modeled by the effective electromagnetic characteristics of the glass substrate, rather than by accounting for the pattern layout-wise. It is demonstrated that this choice enables an efficient yet accurate full-wave simulation of the entire system, suggesting the necessity for a co-design of the PV panel and the antenna to facilitate an accurate representation of the entire system and its current radiating characteristics.
本文研究了在光伏(PV)板上设计和制造光学透明网状贴片天线阵列的增材制造方法。预计小型卫星将在太空中利用这种集成技术实现卫星之间的无线电力传输,同时保持最佳的太阳能发电量,而无需为天线子系统预留额外区域。拟议的天线阵列采用了一种新方法,即去除网格金属化的水平导电条,从而在不影响天线性能的情况下提高透明度。设计了两个频率分别为 2.45 GHz 和 5.8 GHz 的阵列,并讨论了相关的设计选择和问题。天线金属化仅使用垂直条带,线间距为 0.04 美元,这是确保最大透明度和天线性能的最佳折衷方案,使用低成本印刷技术在 110 毫米的硼硅玻璃上印刷。模拟和实验表明,在最高工作频率 5.8 GHz 时,底层光伏金属化图案对天线辐射性能有重大影响。在这种情况下,与预测值相比,天线增益有所下降。通过逆向工程方法,这种影响是通过玻璃基板的有效电磁特性来模拟的,而不是通过对图案布局的考虑。结果表明,这种选择能够对整个系统进行高效而准确的全波仿真,这表明有必要对光伏板和天线进行共同设计,以促进整个系统及其当前辐射特性的准确呈现。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
IEEE journal of radio frequency identification
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