Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3390624
Francesco Lestini;Gaetano Marrocco;Cecilia Occhiuzzi
Modern wireless communication systems are becoming increasingly necessary, emphasizing the need for electromagnetic devices that can flexibly operate under different conditions, e.g., under power constraints or in hostile environments where scattering objects randomly modify coverage areas and communication links. Due to their ability to dynamically change operating frequency, radiation pattern, bandwidth characteristics, and polarization, reconfigurable objects (especially antennas and backscattering surfaces) have received significant attention in this context. Electromagnetic features can be electronically selected by controlling the bias voltage of tunable elements adequately integrated into the layout. Usually, this is done by employing external programmable controllers that need power sources and wired connections, leading to unusable configurations for several scenarios. Thus, exploring alternative electronic tuning mechanisms becomes essential. This paper proposes RFID-Based Reconfigurable Electromagnetic Devices as a wireless, cost-effective, and low-power solution. The system’s operating principle, potential architectures, and applicability in practical scenarios are presented. Theoretical and experimental analysis validate the proposed architecture, whose capabilities are finally demonstrated by prototyping and testing two reconfigurable antenna arrays.
现代无线通信系统变得越来越必要，这强调了对能够在不同条件下灵活运行的电磁设备的需求，例如，在功率受限或散射物体随机改变覆盖区域和通信链路的恶劣环境中。可重构物体（尤其是天线和后向散射表面）能够动态改变工作频率、辐射模式、带宽特性和极化，因此在这方面受到极大关注。通过控制已充分集成到布局中的可调元件的偏置电压，可对电磁特性进行电子选择。通常情况下，这是通过采用外部可编程控制器来实现的，而外部控制器需要电源和有线连接，从而导致在多种情况下无法使用配置。因此，探索其他电子调谐机制变得至关重要。本文提出了基于 RFID 的可重构电磁设备，作为一种无线、经济、低功耗的解决方案。本文介绍了该系统的工作原理、潜在架构以及在实际场景中的适用性。理论和实验分析验证了所提出的架构，并通过两个可重构天线阵列的原型设计和测试，最终证明了该架构的能力。
{"title":"RFID-Based Reconfigurable Electromagnetic Devices","authors":"Francesco Lestini;Gaetano Marrocco;Cecilia Occhiuzzi","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3390624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3390624","url":null,"abstract":"Modern wireless communication systems are becoming increasingly necessary, emphasizing the need for electromagnetic devices that can flexibly operate under different conditions, e.g., under power constraints or in hostile environments where scattering objects randomly modify coverage areas and communication links. Due to their ability to dynamically change operating frequency, radiation pattern, bandwidth characteristics, and polarization, reconfigurable objects (especially antennas and backscattering surfaces) have received significant attention in this context. Electromagnetic features can be electronically selected by controlling the bias voltage of tunable elements adequately integrated into the layout. Usually, this is done by employing external programmable controllers that need power sources and wired connections, leading to unusable configurations for several scenarios. Thus, exploring alternative electronic tuning mechanisms becomes essential. This paper proposes RFID-Based Reconfigurable Electromagnetic Devices as a wireless, cost-effective, and low-power solution. The system’s operating principle, potential architectures, and applicability in practical scenarios are presented. Theoretical and experimental analysis validate the proposed architecture, whose capabilities are finally demonstrated by prototyping and testing two reconfigurable antenna arrays.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"226-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140902543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a 2.45/5.8 GHz circularly polarized RFID antenna backed with a dual-band artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is presented for tagged-object detection in Internet of things (IoT) networks. RFID systems require a long-range reader to maintain energy-efficient communication with the tagged devices. An efficient reader antenna is presented to increase the interrogation distance of the reader, and decreasing the uncertainty of tagged-object detection. The proposed RFID antenna consists of two dipole pairs, are printed on both sides of the substrate to obtain 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands, connected by feed delay lines in a cross-dipole arrangement. To increase the range of the reader, the cross-dipole antenna is supported by a $5times5$ AMC surface placed $0.042{lambda }_{0}$ beneath the antenna, where ${lambda }_{0}$ is the wavelength calculated at the lowest resonant frequency. In measurement, the metasurface backing results in gain enhancements of 4.1 dBi in the 2.45 GHz band and 4.6 dBi in the 5.8 GHz band, which improves the read range of the reader. The measurement also shows an improvement in RFID band coverage in terms of impedance bandwidth, 2.32–2.57 GHz in the 2.45 GHz band and 5.48-6 GHz in the 5.8 GHz band, reducing tag-detection error. The axial ratio bandwidth of the reader antenna configuration is 2.385–2.485 GHz and 5.77–5.88 GHz in the 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands, respectively.
{"title":"Directional Energy-Efficient Metasurface-Backed RFID Reader Antenna for Minimizing Tag-Detection Uncertainty in IoT Networks","authors":"Chandni Bajaj;Dharmendra Kumar Upadhyay;Sachin Kumar;Binod Kumar Kanaujia","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3389737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3389737","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a 2.45/5.8 GHz circularly polarized RFID antenna backed with a dual-band artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) is presented for tagged-object detection in Internet of things (IoT) networks. RFID systems require a long-range reader to maintain energy-efficient communication with the tagged devices. An efficient reader antenna is presented to increase the interrogation distance of the reader, and decreasing the uncertainty of tagged-object detection. The proposed RFID antenna consists of two dipole pairs, are printed on both sides of the substrate to obtain 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands, connected by feed delay lines in a cross-dipole arrangement. To increase the range of the reader, the cross-dipole antenna is supported by a \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$5times5$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 AMC surface placed \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.042{lambda }_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 beneath the antenna, where \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>${lambda }_{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 is the wavelength calculated at the lowest resonant frequency. In measurement, the metasurface backing results in gain enhancements of 4.1 dBi in the 2.45 GHz band and 4.6 dBi in the 5.8 GHz band, which improves the read range of the reader. The measurement also shows an improvement in RFID band coverage in terms of impedance bandwidth, 2.32–2.57 GHz in the 2.45 GHz band and 5.48-6 GHz in the 5.8 GHz band, reducing tag-detection error. The axial ratio bandwidth of the reader antenna configuration is 2.385–2.485 GHz and 5.77–5.88 GHz in the 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz bands, respectively.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"88-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3389870
Giulio Maria Bianco;Gaetano Marrocco
Microfluidic has been an enabling technology for over a decade, particularly in the field of medical and wearable devices, allowing for the manipulation of small amounts of fluid in confined spaces. Micro-channels can also be used for wireless sensing thanks to the variations in antenna properties when the fluid flows near it. However, up to now, microfluidic channels and sensing antennas have always been designed separately; instead, since the liquid flow and the antenna geometry both contribute to the overall performance, they should be considered simultaneously when optimizing the antenna-microfluidic system. In this paper, the joint design of the antenna and microfluidic channels is investigated for liquid quantification. Self-tuning RFID microchips are exploited to minimize communication degradation due to the increase of lossy liquid amount over the sensing antenna while digitalizing the impedance mismatch itself. To experimentally corroborate the joint design technique, two different geometries are obtained and prototyped starting from a given antenna-microfluidic layout by setting different goals for an optimization function. The two flexible RFID prototypes returned performance in agreement with the simulated ones, achieving a maximum sensitivity of about 20 units of the digital metric per milligram increase of water.
十多年来，微流体技术一直是一种赋能技术，尤其是在医疗和可穿戴设备领域，它允许在密闭空间内操作少量流体。微通道还可用于无线传感，这要归功于流体在其附近流动时天线特性的变化。然而，迄今为止，微流体通道和传感天线一直是分开设计的；相反，由于液体流动和天线几何形状都会影响整体性能，因此在优化天线-微流体系统时应同时考虑这两个因素。本文针对液体定量研究了天线和微流控通道的联合设计。在对阻抗失配本身进行数字化的同时，利用自调谐射频识别（RFID）微芯片最大限度地降低了因传感天线上方有损液体量增加而导致的通信质量下降。为了在实验中证实联合设计技术，通过为优化函数设定不同的目标，从给定的天线-微流体布局开始，获得了两种不同的几何形状并制作了原型。两个柔性 RFID 原型的性能与模拟的一致，每增加一毫克水的最大灵敏度约为 20 个数字度量单位。
{"title":"Joint Design of Self-Tuning UHF RFID Antenna and Microfluidic Channel for Liquid Sensing","authors":"Giulio Maria Bianco;Gaetano Marrocco","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3389870","DOIUrl":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3389870","url":null,"abstract":"Microfluidic has been an enabling technology for over a decade, particularly in the field of medical and wearable devices, allowing for the manipulation of small amounts of fluid in confined spaces. Micro-channels can also be used for wireless sensing thanks to the variations in antenna properties when the fluid flows near it. However, up to now, microfluidic channels and sensing antennas have always been designed separately; instead, since the liquid flow and the antenna geometry both contribute to the overall performance, they should be considered simultaneously when optimizing the antenna-microfluidic system. In this paper, the joint design of the antenna and microfluidic channels is investigated for liquid quantification. Self-tuning RFID microchips are exploited to minimize communication degradation due to the increase of lossy liquid amount over the sensing antenna while digitalizing the impedance mismatch itself. To experimentally corroborate the joint design technique, two different geometries are obtained and prototyped starting from a given antenna-microfluidic layout by setting different goals for an optimization function. The two flexible RFID prototypes returned performance in agreement with the simulated ones, achieving a maximum sensitivity of about 20 units of the digital metric per milligram increase of water.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"58-67"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140711499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3389088
Lin Wang;Fenghua Zhu;Hui Zhang;Gang Xiong;Yunhu Huang;Dewang Chen
Semantic segmentation plays a fundamental role in computer vision, underpinning applications such as autonomous driving and scene analysis. Although dual-branch networks have marked advancements in accuracy and processing speed, they falter in the context extraction phase within the low-resolution branch. Traditionally, square pooling is used at this juncture, leading to the oversight of stripe-shaped contextual information. In response, we introduce a novel architecture based on a deep aggregation pyramid, engineered for both real-time processing and precise segmentation. Central to our approach is a pioneering contextual information extractor designed to expand the effective receptive fields and fuse multi-scale context from low-resolution feature maps. Additionally, we have developed a feature fusion module to enhance the integration and differentiation of high-level semantic information across branches. To further refine the fidelity of segmentation, we implement dual deep supervisions within the high-resolution branchs intermediate layer, concentrating on boundary delineation and global features to enrich spatial detail capture. Our comprehensive experimental analysis, conducted on the Cityscapes and CamVid datasets, affirms MSSINets superior performance, showcasing its competitiveness against existing leading methodologies across a variety of scenarios.
{"title":"MSSINet: Real-Time Segmentation Based on Multi-Scale Strip Integration","authors":"Lin Wang;Fenghua Zhu;Hui Zhang;Gang Xiong;Yunhu Huang;Dewang Chen","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3389088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3389088","url":null,"abstract":"Semantic segmentation plays a fundamental role in computer vision, underpinning applications such as autonomous driving and scene analysis. Although dual-branch networks have marked advancements in accuracy and processing speed, they falter in the context extraction phase within the low-resolution branch. Traditionally, square pooling is used at this juncture, leading to the oversight of stripe-shaped contextual information. In response, we introduce a novel architecture based on a deep aggregation pyramid, engineered for both real-time processing and precise segmentation. Central to our approach is a pioneering contextual information extractor designed to expand the effective receptive fields and fuse multi-scale context from low-resolution feature maps. Additionally, we have developed a feature fusion module to enhance the integration and differentiation of high-level semantic information across branches. To further refine the fidelity of segmentation, we implement dual deep supervisions within the high-resolution branchs intermediate layer, concentrating on boundary delineation and global features to enrich spatial detail capture. Our comprehensive experimental analysis, conducted on the Cityscapes and CamVid datasets, affirms MSSINets superior performance, showcasing its competitiveness against existing leading methodologies across a variety of scenarios.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"241-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140906889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-16DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3389868
Erbo Shen;Weidong Yang;Xuyu Wang;Bo Kang;Shiwen Mao
Grain is a major source of food, while grain security has been considered as a strategic issue in many countries. Temperature and moisture as the two key properties affect the quality of stored grain. Most existing approaches for sensing these properties are expensive, time-consuming, and are difficult to deploy. In this paper, we design a TagSense system to sense the temperature and moisture level of stored wheat using commodity RFID devices, where tag’s impedance is exploited as a feature for target sensing at a low cost. Since impedance is sensitive to the signal propagation distance and incidence angle, we propose a distance-independent algorithm and an angle-agnostic approach to mitigate the impact of distance and angles on the sensing performance. Our extensive experiment results demonstrate that TagSense can achieve a satisfactory sensing performance at any distance and any angle within the sensing range.
谷物是粮食的主要来源，而谷物安全在许多国家都被视为一个战略问题。温度和水分是影响储藏谷物质量的两个关键属性。现有的感知这些属性的方法大多昂贵、耗时，而且难以部署。在本文中，我们设计了一种 TagSense 系统，利用商品 RFID 设备来感知储存小麦的温度和湿度水平，其中标签的阻抗被用作目标感知的一个特征，而且成本低廉。由于阻抗对信号传播距离和入射角度很敏感，我们提出了一种与距离无关的算法和一种与角度无关的方法，以减轻距离和角度对传感性能的影响。我们的大量实验结果表明，TagSense 可以在感应范围内的任何距离和任何角度实现令人满意的感应性能。
{"title":"TagSense: Robust Wheat Moisture and Temperature Sensing Using RFID","authors":"Erbo Shen;Weidong Yang;Xuyu Wang;Bo Kang;Shiwen Mao","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3389868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3389868","url":null,"abstract":"Grain is a major source of food, while grain security has been considered as a strategic issue in many countries. Temperature and moisture as the two key properties affect the quality of stored grain. Most existing approaches for sensing these properties are expensive, time-consuming, and are difficult to deploy. In this paper, we design a TagSense system to sense the temperature and moisture level of stored wheat using commodity RFID devices, where tag’s impedance is exploited as a feature for target sensing at a low cost. Since impedance is sensitive to the signal propagation distance and incidence angle, we propose a distance-independent algorithm and an angle-agnostic approach to mitigate the impact of distance and angles on the sensing performance. Our extensive experiment results demonstrate that TagSense can achieve a satisfactory sensing performance at any distance and any angle within the sensing range.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"76-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140826000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-12DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3387996
Rakiba Rayhana;Ling Bai;Gaozhi Xiao;Min Liao;Zheng Liu
In the rapidly evolving landscape of Industry 4.0, digital twins have emerged as a transformative technology across various industrial sectors. This paper presents a comprehensive, in-depth review of digital twin models in terms of the concept and evolution, fundamental components and frameworks, and existing digital twin models based on their functionalities. The paper also discusses how the existing digital twin models are used/adopted in different industries and highlights the existing challenges and potential solutions to address the current issues. This paper aims to provide researchers and industry professionals with a clear insight into the unique benefits and applications of different digital twin models. This review will help to comprehend their significance for specific industrial purposes and foster the advancement of state-of-the-art techniques in this field.
{"title":"Digital Twin Models: Functions, Challenges, and Industry Applications","authors":"Rakiba Rayhana;Ling Bai;Gaozhi Xiao;Min Liao;Zheng Liu","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3387996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3387996","url":null,"abstract":"In the rapidly evolving landscape of Industry 4.0, digital twins have emerged as a transformative technology across various industrial sectors. This paper presents a comprehensive, in-depth review of digital twin models in terms of the concept and evolution, fundamental components and frameworks, and existing digital twin models based on their functionalities. The paper also discusses how the existing digital twin models are used/adopted in different industries and highlights the existing challenges and potential solutions to address the current issues. This paper aims to provide researchers and industry professionals with a clear insight into the unique benefits and applications of different digital twin models. This review will help to comprehend their significance for specific industrial purposes and foster the advancement of state-of-the-art techniques in this field.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"282-321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3384483
Gaofeng Zhu;Zhixue Wang;Fenghua Zhu;Gang Xiong;Zheng Li
Drone detection plays a key role in various fields, but from the perspective of drones, factors such as the size of the target, interference from different backgrounds, and lighting affect the detection effect, which can easily lead to missed detections and false detections. To address this problem, this paper proposes a small target detection algorithm. First, the hybrid control of attention mechanism and a convolutional module (HCAC) are used to effectively extract contextual details of targets of different scales, directions, and shapes, while relative position encoding is used to associate targets with position information. Secondly, in view of the small size characteristics of small targets, a high-resolution detection branch is introduced, the large target detection head and its redundant network layers are pruned, and a multi-level weighted feature fusion network (MWFN) is used for multi-dimensional fusion. Finally, the WIoU loss is used as a bounding box regression loss, combined with a dynamic non-monotonic focusing mechanism, to evaluate the quality of anchor boxes so that the detector can handle anchor boxes of different qualities, thus improving the overall performance. Experiments were conducted on the UAV aerial photography data set VisDrone2019. The results showed that the accuracy of P increased by 9.0% and MAP by 9.8%, with higher detection results.
{"title":"Small Object Recognition Algorithm Based on Hybrid Control and Feature Fusion","authors":"Gaofeng Zhu;Zhixue Wang;Fenghua Zhu;Gang Xiong;Zheng Li","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3384483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3384483","url":null,"abstract":"Drone detection plays a key role in various fields, but from the perspective of drones, factors such as the size of the target, interference from different backgrounds, and lighting affect the detection effect, which can easily lead to missed detections and false detections. To address this problem, this paper proposes a small target detection algorithm. First, the hybrid control of attention mechanism and a convolutional module (HCAC) are used to effectively extract contextual details of targets of different scales, directions, and shapes, while relative position encoding is used to associate targets with position information. Secondly, in view of the small size characteristics of small targets, a high-resolution detection branch is introduced, the large target detection head and its redundant network layers are pruned, and a multi-level weighted feature fusion network (MWFN) is used for multi-dimensional fusion. Finally, the WIoU loss is used as a bounding box regression loss, combined with a dynamic non-monotonic focusing mechanism, to evaluate the quality of anchor boxes so that the detector can handle anchor boxes of different qualities, thus improving the overall performance. Experiments were conducted on the UAV aerial photography data set VisDrone2019. The results showed that the accuracy of P increased by 9.0% and MAP by 9.8%, with higher detection results.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"484-492"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141315249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3382687
Austin L. Oursland;Oleg Ianchenko;Sara M. Reyes;Ryan Douglas;Theodore J. Moody;Madeleine Lee;Matthew S. Reynolds
In this paper, we present a series of experiments with a 2.4 GHz dual-polarized electronic mode stirring system for mitigating the dense multipath observed in biomedical telemetry within metal animal cages, including automated control over the mode stirring configuration. Four dual-polarized mode stirring antennas establish eight bits of digital control over the mode structure in a 0.2 m3 metal cage volume. With an optimized mode stirring configuration, we observe 26 dB improvement in the worst case one-way path loss across the 2400–2483 MHz band at 2,124 surveyed locations, sampled with a 1 cm grid on the floor of the cage. Using an example Bluetooth Low Energy link budget, we compare three automated mode stirring strategies for re-configuring the mode structure in response to simulated Brownian animal motion within the cage. Without mode stirring, the link budget has margin in only 68% of the surveyed locations, while with mode stirring, the link budget has margin in 99% of the locations in a stationary-animal scenario, and 92% of the animal locations in a moving-animal scenario. Finally, we present a demonstration of the link margin improvement in an actual communication link using a backscatter-based Bluetooth Low Energy implementation.
{"title":"Automated Optimization of Electronic Mode Stirring for Enhanced Backscatter Link Margin in Reverberant Cavities","authors":"Austin L. Oursland;Oleg Ianchenko;Sara M. Reyes;Ryan Douglas;Theodore J. Moody;Madeleine Lee;Matthew S. Reynolds","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3382687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3382687","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a series of experiments with a 2.4 GHz dual-polarized electronic mode stirring system for mitigating the dense multipath observed in biomedical telemetry within metal animal cages, including automated control over the mode stirring configuration. Four dual-polarized mode stirring antennas establish eight bits of digital control over the mode structure in a 0.2 m3 metal cage volume. With an optimized mode stirring configuration, we observe 26 dB improvement in the worst case one-way path loss across the 2400–2483 MHz band at 2,124 surveyed locations, sampled with a 1 cm grid on the floor of the cage. Using an example Bluetooth Low Energy link budget, we compare three automated mode stirring strategies for re-configuring the mode structure in response to simulated Brownian animal motion within the cage. Without mode stirring, the link budget has margin in only 68% of the surveyed locations, while with mode stirring, the link budget has margin in 99% of the locations in a stationary-animal scenario, and 92% of the animal locations in a moving-animal scenario. Finally, we present a demonstration of the link margin improvement in an actual communication link using a backscatter-based Bluetooth Low Energy implementation.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"217-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3384289
Yiqing Tang;Xingyuan Dai;Yisheng Lv
In the field of urban traffic management, optimising traffic signal control on major arterial road is crucial for reducing congestion and improving overall road efficiency. In this paper, we explore a novel approach to design and implement green wave control for urban arterials using Large Language Models (LLM), such as GPT-4. Our approach combines state-of-the-art LLM with traffic signal control policies, aiming to explore the potential of LLM for application in the field of traffic control. We design a workflow for LLM-driven green wave control generation for urban arterial road traffic signal control as an example. The experiments use SUMO simulation software to construct the traffic signal control problem of the arterial road. We verify that LLM can implement the analysis and solution process of the traffic signal control problem. The traffic signal control policy is generated interactively through natural language, which reduces the data analysis and computation pressure of traffic managers. The experimental results show that the process generates the green wave control of the arterial road that can improve the average speed of the road. The potential application of LLM in the field of traffic control is verified in this work.
{"title":"Large Language Model-Assisted Arterial Traffic Signal Control","authors":"Yiqing Tang;Xingyuan Dai;Yisheng Lv","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3384289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3384289","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of urban traffic management, optimising traffic signal control on major arterial road is crucial for reducing congestion and improving overall road efficiency. In this paper, we explore a novel approach to design and implement green wave control for urban arterials using Large Language Models (LLM), such as GPT-4. Our approach combines state-of-the-art LLM with traffic signal control policies, aiming to explore the potential of LLM for application in the field of traffic control. We design a workflow for LLM-driven green wave control generation for urban arterial road traffic signal control as an example. The experiments use SUMO simulation software to construct the traffic signal control problem of the arterial road. We verify that LLM can implement the analysis and solution process of the traffic signal control problem. The traffic signal control policy is generated interactively through natural language, which reduces the data analysis and computation pressure of traffic managers. The experimental results show that the process generates the green wave control of the arterial road that can improve the average speed of the road. The potential application of LLM in the field of traffic control is verified in this work.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"322-326"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3383609
Jie Sun;Antoine Diet;Yann Le Bihan;Marc Biancheri-Astier;Chadi Gannouni;Michel Police
Benefiting from advantages such as miniaturization, lightweight design, and cost-effectiveness, 13.56 MHz High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification (HF RFID) and Near Field Communication (NFC) tags have found increasing applications across various fields like biomedical, tracking, and logistics, bringing a lot of convenience to the industries and commercials, as well as decreasing the medical and employment pressure. Nevertheless, the smaller the tag, the less likely it is to be fixed in orientation. As the detection of such tags relies on magnetic coupling, the orientation sensitivity is high, and some nulls of detection are introduced inside the considered volume of interest in practical applications. It is essential to optimize the magnetic field vectorial distribution generated by the NFC reader. This paper uses a combination of two paralleled tuned coils (RLC resonator model) in series to be the RFID/NFC reader coils. In such a system, the currents feeding the coils are in quadrature. The system is made of two-phase coils. Additionally, each coil is composed of two sub-coils placed on opposite surfaces of a cube, for the prototype of this system presented in the paper. CST simulations have been analyzed and a 3D printed cube structure with copper tapes has been realized, to validate the idea experimentally. Detection tests were performed with a commercial HF RFID reader and an ISO15693 NFC tag.
13.56 MHz 高频射频识别（HF RFID）和近场通信（NFC）标签具有小型化、轻量化设计和成本效益高等优点，在生物医学、跟踪和物流等各个领域的应用日益广泛，为工业和商业带来了极大的便利，同时也减轻了医疗和就业压力。然而，标签越小，越不容易固定方向。由于这类标签的检测依赖于磁耦合，因此方向灵敏度很高，在实际应用中，在所考虑的相关体积内会出现一些检测空。因此，必须优化 NFC 阅读器产生的磁场矢量分布。本文使用两个串联的并联调谐线圈（RLC 谐振器模型）组合作为 RFID/NFC 阅读器线圈。在这种系统中，馈入线圈的电流是正交的。该系统由两相线圈组成。此外，每个线圈都由放置在立方体相对表面上的两个子线圈组成，这就是本文介绍的系统原型。我们对 CST 仿真进行了分析，并实现了带有铜带的 3D 打印立方体结构，通过实验验证了这一想法。使用商用高频 RFID 阅读器和 ISO15693 NFC 标签进行了检测测试。
{"title":"Planar Omnidirectional Detection of RFID/NFC Patches Inside a Cubic Structure","authors":"Jie Sun;Antoine Diet;Yann Le Bihan;Marc Biancheri-Astier;Chadi Gannouni;Michel Police","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3383609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3383609","url":null,"abstract":"Benefiting from advantages such as miniaturization, lightweight design, and cost-effectiveness, 13.56 MHz High Frequency Radio Frequency Identification (HF RFID) and Near Field Communication (NFC) tags have found increasing applications across various fields like biomedical, tracking, and logistics, bringing a lot of convenience to the industries and commercials, as well as decreasing the medical and employment pressure. Nevertheless, the smaller the tag, the less likely it is to be fixed in orientation. As the detection of such tags relies on magnetic coupling, the orientation sensitivity is high, and some nulls of detection are introduced inside the considered volume of interest in practical applications. It is essential to optimize the magnetic field vectorial distribution generated by the NFC reader. This paper uses a combination of two paralleled tuned coils (RLC resonator model) in series to be the RFID/NFC reader coils. In such a system, the currents feeding the coils are in quadrature. The system is made of two-phase coils. Additionally, each coil is composed of two sub-coils placed on opposite surfaces of a cube, for the prototype of this system presented in the paper. CST simulations have been analyzed and a 3D printed cube structure with copper tapes has been realized, to validate the idea experimentally. Detection tests were performed with a commercial HF RFID reader and an ISO15693 NFC tag.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"206-216"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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