Pub Date : 2024-03-29DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3406890
Pablo G. Madoery;Renato Cherini;Alessandro Cammarano;Juan Grosso;Jorge M. Finochietto
As space information networks become more heterogeneous by integrating various space platforms, layers and operators, new security challenges arise that need proper investigation. Existing works mainly focus on specific solutions but do not provide security models that can address these challenges holistically. This work analyzes the adoption of the Bundle Protocol Security (BPSec) to safeguard these networks. Our work demonstrates the flexibility of this protocol in such heterogeneous scenario. We propose different security models that can be adopted based on traffic conditions and node’s knowledge, resulting in a security model that can evolve and adapt over time. Overall, our study unveils new opportunities associated with BPSec in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) environments, encouraging further investigation in this domain.
{"title":"Bundle Protocol Security Models and Policies for Safeguarding Space Information Networks","authors":"Pablo G. Madoery;Renato Cherini;Alessandro Cammarano;Juan Grosso;Jorge M. Finochietto","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3406890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3406890","url":null,"abstract":"As space information networks become more heterogeneous by integrating various space platforms, layers and operators, new security challenges arise that need proper investigation. Existing works mainly focus on specific solutions but do not provide security models that can address these challenges holistically. This work analyzes the adoption of the Bundle Protocol Security (BPSec) to safeguard these networks. Our work demonstrates the flexibility of this protocol in such heterogeneous scenario. We propose different security models that can be adopted based on traffic conditions and node’s knowledge, resulting in a security model that can evolve and adapt over time. Overall, our study unveils new opportunities associated with BPSec in Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) environments, encouraging further investigation in this domain.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"547-558"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141333958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-28DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3382252
Bin Hu;Xiaodong Zhang;Xinjie Liu;Minghua Qin;Tao Cheng;Rurui Xue;Gang Xiong;Shichao Chen
In response to the agility demands of Industry 5.0, this study pioneers a laboratory-based prototype of a DAO-powered, cyber-physical-social system (CPSS) employing intelligent collaborative robots for parallel manufacturing and management. We introduce the concept of Parallel Triplets, integrating the microphysical dimension into the existing digital and physical realms of the digital twin, enabling faster prototype realization and simultaneous execution of production tasks. This facilitates a decentralized DAO framework where intelligent agents, guided by parallel triplets data, make real-time production decisions and optimize resource allocation, leading to dynamic, collaborative, and autonomous manufacturing. Our empirical research demonstrates the success of this approach, achieving enhanced production efficiency, reduced defect rates, and empowered worker autonomy. This paper contributes to the advancement of Parallel Triplets technology and showcases the transformative potential of DAOs in driving agile, intelligent, and collaborative manufacturing within Industry 5.0.
为响应工业 5.0 对敏捷性的要求，本研究率先在实验室中开发了一个由 DAO 驱动的网络物理社会系统（CPSS）原型，该系统采用智能协作机器人进行并行制造和管理。我们引入了并行三胞胎（Parallel Triplets）的概念，将微物理维度整合到数字孪生的现有数字和物理领域中，从而实现更快的原型实现和生产任务的同步执行。这有助于建立一个去中心化的 DAO 框架，智能代理在并行三元组数据的指导下，做出实时生产决策并优化资源分配，从而实现动态、协作和自主制造。我们的实证研究证明了这种方法的成功，它提高了生产效率，降低了缺陷率，增强了工人的自主性。本文有助于推动并行三元组技术的发展，并展示了 DAO 在工业 5.0 中推动敏捷、智能和协作制造的变革潜力。
{"title":"DAO-Based Parallel Triplets Application in Parallel Manufacturing and Industries 5.0","authors":"Bin Hu;Xiaodong Zhang;Xinjie Liu;Minghua Qin;Tao Cheng;Rurui Xue;Gang Xiong;Shichao Chen","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3382252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3382252","url":null,"abstract":"In response to the agility demands of Industry 5.0, this study pioneers a laboratory-based prototype of a DAO-powered, cyber-physical-social system (CPSS) employing intelligent collaborative robots for parallel manufacturing and management. We introduce the concept of Parallel Triplets, integrating the microphysical dimension into the existing digital and physical realms of the digital twin, enabling faster prototype realization and simultaneous execution of production tasks. This facilitates a decentralized DAO framework where intelligent agents, guided by parallel triplets data, make real-time production decisions and optimize resource allocation, leading to dynamic, collaborative, and autonomous manufacturing. Our empirical research demonstrates the success of this approach, achieving enhanced production efficiency, reduced defect rates, and empowered worker autonomy. This paper contributes to the advancement of Parallel Triplets technology and showcases the transformative potential of DAOs in driving agile, intelligent, and collaborative manufacturing within Industry 5.0.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"327-333"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Developing accurate mathematical or data-driven models for effective controller design under dynamic variable conditions becomes increasingly challenging. For this reason, the concept of a digital twin (DT) as a virtual representation of a physical asset has been introduced as a tool for process modelling, design, and control implementation while providing additional knowledge of the system that can be used to enable awareness capabilities on the asset. However, digital twin models used to be complex, requiring expensive computational times depending on the application to provide the most accurate system representation, limiting its application in edge, embedded, and register transfer level computing domains. Therefore, using reduced-order digital twin models is an alternative to get DT closer to the physical asset. Considering these challenges, we propose a reduced-order FPGA-based digital twin implementation that directly sources data from the real system, operates in parallel with the virtual system, and enables awareness mechanisms to improve the system’s operation. This setup removes large data transfers, cloud interfaces and expensive computational times deriving into a faster and more efficient DT. To illustrate the capabilities of this embedded digital twin, we present a case study focused on monitoring a power converter. The study involves establishing and enforcing a safe operating area (SOA) for the power converter, implementing error awareness mechanisms, and enabling machine learning models to predict converter load conditions and fault events detection. Thus, we aim to showcase the effectiveness of our proposed FPGA-based digital twin approach in addressing real-time control challenges towards smart control engineering.
{"title":"A Reduced-Order Digital Twin FPGA-Based Implementation With Self-Awareness Capabilities for Power Electronics Applications","authors":"Justus Nwoke;Marco Milanesi;Jairo Viola;YangQuan Chen;Antonio Visioli","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3404563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3404563","url":null,"abstract":"Developing accurate mathematical or data-driven models for effective controller design under dynamic variable conditions becomes increasingly challenging. For this reason, the concept of a digital twin (DT) as a virtual representation of a physical asset has been introduced as a tool for process modelling, design, and control implementation while providing additional knowledge of the system that can be used to enable awareness capabilities on the asset. However, digital twin models used to be complex, requiring expensive computational times depending on the application to provide the most accurate system representation, limiting its application in edge, embedded, and register transfer level computing domains. Therefore, using reduced-order digital twin models is an alternative to get DT closer to the physical asset. Considering these challenges, we propose a reduced-order FPGA-based digital twin implementation that directly sources data from the real system, operates in parallel with the virtual system, and enables awareness mechanisms to improve the system’s operation. This setup removes large data transfers, cloud interfaces and expensive computational times deriving into a faster and more efficient DT. To illustrate the capabilities of this embedded digital twin, we present a case study focused on monitoring a power converter. The study involves establishing and enforcing a safe operating area (SOA) for the power converter, implementing error awareness mechanisms, and enabling machine learning models to predict converter load conditions and fault events detection. Thus, we aim to showcase the effectiveness of our proposed FPGA-based digital twin approach in addressing real-time control challenges towards smart control engineering.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"493-505"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141315234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3382505
Emuobosan Enakerakpo;Ashraf Umar;Mohammed Alhendi;Riadh Al-Haidari;Dylan J. Richmond;Udara Sandakelum Somarathna;Stephen Gonya;Mark D. Poliks;Tom Rovere;Matthew Beckford;Jonathan Nichols
The development of innovative, miniaturized, and low-cost Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags for application in asset monitoring, counterfeit prevention, or personnel tracking requires advancements in materials, fabrication processes, and packaging. Typical RFID tags can be circumvented by tampering, cloning, or spoofing; however, by adding security features to the tag, nefarious actions such as these can be mitigated. Toward this objective, this paper presents the design and fabrication of an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID tag through flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) materials and processes for authentication and anti-tamper /anti-counterfeit applications. The presented UHF RFID tag consists of a passive RF chip and dipole antenna with embedded hardware and software security features. The tag was fabricated using a hybrid of manufacturing techniques including, conventional photolithography and additive aerosol jet printing. The design, materials selection, processing, and tailored FHE fabrication processes, led to achieving a system-level functional RFID tag with a read distance of up to 15 in (0.381 m). The dependency of the read distance on the host surface was studied by attaching tags to different materials including surfaces with various dielectric constants and thicknesses. The performance of the tags was evaluated under realistic use conditions by performing thermal cycling, bending, and wearability tests. The RFID tag’s resistance to different tamper attack vectors (vulnerability assessment) is demonstrated. Overall, the demonstrated UHF RFID tag opens new opportunities for the development of flexible, lightweight, and low-cost RFID tags that leverage FHE fabrication techniques and materials for authentication and anti-tamper applications.
要开发创新型、小型化和低成本的射频识别（RFID）标签，用于资产监控、防伪或人员追踪，就必须在材料、制造工艺和包装方面取得进步。典型的 RFID 标签可以通过篡改、克隆或伪造来规避；但是，通过在标签中添加安全功能，可以减少此类不法行为。为实现这一目标，本文介绍了通过柔性混合电子（FHE）材料和工艺设计和制造的超高频（UHF）射频识别（RFID）标签，用于身份验证和防篡改/防伪造应用。该超高频射频识别（UHF RFID）标签由无源射频芯片和偶极子天线组成，具有嵌入式硬件和软件安全功能。该标签采用混合制造技术制造，包括传统的光刻技术和增材气溶胶喷射打印技术。通过设计、材料选择、加工和量身定制的 FHE 制造工艺，实现了读取距离达 15 英寸（0.381 米）的系统级功能 RFID 标签。通过在不同材料（包括具有不同介电常数和厚度的表面）上安装标签，研究了读取距离与主机表面的关系。通过热循环、弯曲和耐磨测试，评估了标签在实际使用条件下的性能。此外，还展示了 RFID 标签对不同篡改攻击向量的抵抗能力（脆弱性评估）。总之，所展示的超高频 RFID 标签为开发灵活、轻质、低成本的 RFID 标签提供了新的机遇，这些标签利用了用于身份验证和防篡改应用的超高频电子元件制造技术和材料。
{"title":"Passive UHF-RFID Tag With Printed Security Features for Authentication and Tamper Resistance","authors":"Emuobosan Enakerakpo;Ashraf Umar;Mohammed Alhendi;Riadh Al-Haidari;Dylan J. Richmond;Udara Sandakelum Somarathna;Stephen Gonya;Mark D. Poliks;Tom Rovere;Matthew Beckford;Jonathan Nichols","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3382505","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3382505","url":null,"abstract":"The development of innovative, miniaturized, and low-cost Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags for application in asset monitoring, counterfeit prevention, or personnel tracking requires advancements in materials, fabrication processes, and packaging. Typical RFID tags can be circumvented by tampering, cloning, or spoofing; however, by adding security features to the tag, nefarious actions such as these can be mitigated. Toward this objective, this paper presents the design and fabrication of an Ultra High Frequency (UHF) RFID tag through flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) materials and processes for authentication and anti-tamper /anti-counterfeit applications. The presented UHF RFID tag consists of a passive RF chip and dipole antenna with embedded hardware and software security features. The tag was fabricated using a hybrid of manufacturing techniques including, conventional photolithography and additive aerosol jet printing. The design, materials selection, processing, and tailored FHE fabrication processes, led to achieving a system-level functional RFID tag with a read distance of up to 15 in (0.381 m). The dependency of the read distance on the host surface was studied by attaching tags to different materials including surfaces with various dielectric constants and thicknesses. The performance of the tags was evaluated under realistic use conditions by performing thermal cycling, bending, and wearability tests. The RFID tag’s resistance to different tamper attack vectors (vulnerability assessment) is demonstrated. Overall, the demonstrated UHF RFID tag opens new opportunities for the development of flexible, lightweight, and low-cost RFID tags that leverage FHE fabrication techniques and materials for authentication and anti-tamper applications.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"49-57"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140633568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing intersection adaptive control methods in terms of the control scheme initiative and the interaction level between simulation and the actual system, this paper proposes a traffic signal active control method based on the parallel control theory. The method constructs a set of artificial systems parallel to the actual traffic signal control system, designs a traffic flow prediction and simulation module on the artificial system. At the same time, a linear optimization model of traffic signal is constructed in the actual system. Through the two sets of parallel systems, the evaluation of the operation effect and the generation of comprehensive optimization direction of the signal scheme under the predicted traffic state and historical traffic state are realized. The application of the parallel control system in traffic signal control is finally realized, and the experimental results show that this method can effectively reduce the trip delay, especially in the time when the traffic flow fluctuation is obvious.
{"title":"Active Control Method of Traffic Signal Based on Parallel Control Theory","authors":"Yulin Tian;Shuqing Liu;Xuedong Yan;Tao Zhu;Yuchen Zhang","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3381029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3381029","url":null,"abstract":"Aiming at the deficiencies of the existing intersection adaptive control methods in terms of the control scheme initiative and the interaction level between simulation and the actual system, this paper proposes a traffic signal active control method based on the parallel control theory. The method constructs a set of artificial systems parallel to the actual traffic signal control system, designs a traffic flow prediction and simulation module on the artificial system. At the same time, a linear optimization model of traffic signal is constructed in the actual system. Through the two sets of parallel systems, the evaluation of the operation effect and the generation of comprehensive optimization direction of the signal scheme under the predicted traffic state and historical traffic state are realized. The application of the parallel control system in traffic signal control is finally realized, and the experimental results show that this method can effectively reduce the trip delay, especially in the time when the traffic flow fluctuation is obvious.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"334-340"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ground-based assets traditionally aid space vehicle navigation, but the need for autonomy is steadily growing to meet the demands of future deep-space exploration. This paper proposes a customized Trajectory-Aware Extended Kalman Filter (TA-EKF) architecture, which conforms to the kinematic approach for Orbit Determination (OD) based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Challenges at high altitudes, such as reduced GNSS signal availability and poor geometry, necessitate advanced filtering architectures leveraging external aiding data. When the receiver is not expected to interface with on-board guidance and control subsystems, aiding observations—in the form of a pre-mission planned spacecraft trajectory—allow to pursue precise and accurate OD only relying on GNSS measurements. Two alternative OAEKF designs are formulated, which foresee observation-domain and state-domain integration of aiding observations, respectively. While the former design acts directly on the filter posterior, the latter aims to overcome deficiencies in the state prediction owing to misspecified process dynamics. The feasibility of using terrestrial GNSS signals in Earth-Moon transfer orbits (MTOs) is thus demonstrated against aiding observation errors and mismodeling. The developed OAEKF models are thoroughly assessed via extensive Monte Carlo (MC) analyses, comparing their OD performance against a standalone EKF solution in a dedicated constellation simulator and mission planner.
地基资产传统上用于辅助太空飞行器导航，但为了满足未来深空探索的需求，对自主性的需求正在稳步增长。本文提出了一种定制的轨迹感知扩展卡尔曼滤波器（TA-EKF）架构，它符合基于全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）的轨道确定（OD）运动学方法。高海拔地区面临的挑战，如全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）信号可用性降低和几何形状不佳，需要利用外部辅助数据建立先进的滤波架构。当接收器预计不会与机载制导和控制子系统连接时，辅助观测--任务前计划航天器轨迹的形式--允许仅依靠全球导航卫星系统的测量来追求精确和准确的定向。本文提出了两种可供选择的 OAEKF 设计，分别设想了观测域和状态域的辅助观测整合。前一种设计直接作用于滤波器后验，而后一种设计则旨在克服由于过程动态的不确定而导致的状态预测缺陷。因此，在地月转移轨道（MTOs）上使用地面全球导航卫星系统信号的可行性得到了验证，从而避免了辅助观测误差和错误建模。通过广泛的蒙特卡罗（MC）分析，对所开发的 OAEKF 模型进行了全面评估，并在专用星座模拟器和飞行任务规划器中将其 OD 性能与独立的 EKF 解决方案进行了比较。
{"title":"Aided Kalman Filter Models for GNSS-Based Space Navigation","authors":"Oliviero Vouch;Andrea Nardin;Alex Minetto;Simone Zocca;Matteo Valvano;Fabio Dovis","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3403914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3403914","url":null,"abstract":"Ground-based assets traditionally aid space vehicle navigation, but the need for autonomy is steadily growing to meet the demands of future deep-space exploration. This paper proposes a customized Trajectory-Aware Extended Kalman Filter (TA-EKF) architecture, which conforms to the kinematic approach for Orbit Determination (OD) based on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). Challenges at high altitudes, such as reduced GNSS signal availability and poor geometry, necessitate advanced filtering architectures leveraging external aiding data. When the receiver is not expected to interface with on-board guidance and control subsystems, aiding observations—in the form of a pre-mission planned spacecraft trajectory—allow to pursue precise and accurate OD only relying on GNSS measurements. Two alternative OAEKF designs are formulated, which foresee observation-domain and state-domain integration of aiding observations, respectively. While the former design acts directly on the filter posterior, the latter aims to overcome deficiencies in the state prediction owing to misspecified process dynamics. The feasibility of using terrestrial GNSS signals in Earth-Moon transfer orbits (MTOs) is thus demonstrated against aiding observation errors and mismodeling. The developed OAEKF models are thoroughly assessed via extensive Monte Carlo (MC) analyses, comparing their OD performance against a standalone EKF solution in a dedicated constellation simulator and mission planner.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"535-546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10536015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141333982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3379189
Shanti Garman;Ali Saffari;Daisuke Kobuchi;Dara Stotland;Joshua R. Smith;Zerina Kapetanovic
In this work, we demonstrate that it is possible to read UHF RFID tags without a carrier. Specifically, we introduce an alternative reader design that does not emit a carrier and allows reading RFID tags intended for conventional carrier-based systems. While traditional RFID tags modulate a carrier, it is important to note that a modulation circuit used for backscatter also modulates the inherent noise of the tag circuitry, including the Johnson noise, irrespective of whether a carrier is present or not. Our Modulated Noise Communication (MNC) approach leverages recent work on Modulated Johnson Noise (MJN) and can be read by an alternative RFID reader design that enables simpler, more accessible RFID readings than a conventional backscatter reader by eliminating self-jamming obstructions. MNC is shown to support wireless transmission of data packets between 2 cm to 10 cm of separation between a standard UHF RFID tag and the proposed alternative reader for data rates of 1 bps and 2 bps.
在这项工作中，我们证明了在没有载波的情况下读取超高频 RFID 标签是可能的。具体来说，我们引入了一种不发射载波的替代读取器设计，可以读取传统载波系统使用的 RFID 标签。传统的 RFID 标签会对载波进行调制，但值得注意的是，用于反向散射的调制电路也会对标签电路的固有噪声（包括约翰逊噪声）进行调制，而与载波存在与否无关。我们的调制噪声通信（MNC）方法利用了最近在调制约翰逊噪声（MJN）方面的研究成果，可通过另一种射频识别（RFID）读取器设计进行读取，与传统的反向散射读取器相比，这种读取器消除了自干扰障碍，读取起来更简单、更方便。MNC 支持在标准 UHF RFID 标签和拟议的替代读取器之间 2 厘米至 10 厘米的距离内无线传输数据包，数据传输速率为 1 bps 和 2 bps。
{"title":"Carrier-Free RFID: Using Modulated Noise Communication to Read UHF RFID Tags","authors":"Shanti Garman;Ali Saffari;Daisuke Kobuchi;Dara Stotland;Joshua R. Smith;Zerina Kapetanovic","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3379189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3379189","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we demonstrate that it is possible to read UHF RFID tags without a carrier. Specifically, we introduce an alternative reader design that does not emit a carrier and allows reading RFID tags intended for conventional carrier-based systems. While traditional RFID tags modulate a carrier, it is important to note that a modulation circuit used for backscatter also modulates the inherent noise of the tag circuitry, including the Johnson noise, irrespective of whether a carrier is present or not. Our Modulated Noise Communication (MNC) approach leverages recent work on Modulated Johnson Noise (MJN) and can be read by an alternative RFID reader design that enables simpler, more accessible RFID readings than a conventional backscatter reader by eliminating self-jamming obstructions. MNC is shown to support wireless transmission of data packets between 2 cm to 10 cm of separation between a standard UHF RFID tag and the proposed alternative reader for data rates of 1 bps and 2 bps.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"196-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3379561
Pengcheng Zhang;Zhaokun Deng;Xilong Hou;Shuangyi Wang
In recent years, the combination of ultrasound imaging and robotics has opened up new possibilities, and a flexible and efficient robotic wrist is the key to achieving the implementation of this technology. Equipped with an ultrasound probe, a robotic wrist with remote center of motion (RCM) control can effectively assist physicians in performing ultrasound examinations. In this paper, we present the development of a parallel mechanism-based robotic wrist and illustrate the kinematic solution of the control, which can effectively set different RCM points. For validation, we tested the control accuracy of the prototype using an optical tracking system and the results show that the average absolute translational error is 0.51mm, rotational error is 0.41° and the constraint point error along the axis is 0.57mm. Furthermore, to simulate a realistic environment, an ultrasound image acquisition experiment is designed based on an ultrasound abdominal phantom. The results effectively demonstrate the effectiveness of RCM control for adjusting actual ultrasound images through real image acquisition, demonstrating the usefulness of the method in assisting physicians to perform ultrasound sweeps as well as providing new ways of acquiring diagnostic information.
{"title":"Development of a Parallel-Mechanism-Based Robotic Wrist With Remote Center of Motion Capability to Assist Ultrasound Scanning","authors":"Pengcheng Zhang;Zhaokun Deng;Xilong Hou;Shuangyi Wang","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3379561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3379561","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the combination of ultrasound imaging and robotics has opened up new possibilities, and a flexible and efficient robotic wrist is the key to achieving the implementation of this technology. Equipped with an ultrasound probe, a robotic wrist with remote center of motion (RCM) control can effectively assist physicians in performing ultrasound examinations. In this paper, we present the development of a parallel mechanism-based robotic wrist and illustrate the kinematic solution of the control, which can effectively set different RCM points. For validation, we tested the control accuracy of the prototype using an optical tracking system and the results show that the average absolute translational error is 0.51mm, rotational error is 0.41° and the constraint point error along the axis is 0.57mm. Furthermore, to simulate a realistic environment, an ultrasound image acquisition experiment is designed based on an ultrasound abdominal phantom. The results effectively demonstrate the effectiveness of RCM control for adjusting actual ultrasound images through real image acquisition, demonstrating the usefulness of the method in assisting physicians to perform ultrasound sweeps as well as providing new ways of acquiring diagnostic information.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"341-347"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3379875
Da Yi;Ren-Long Zhang;Ming-Chun Tang;Jing-Feng Fu;Yao Li;Xing-Xing Li;Huapeng Zhao;Richard W. Ziolkowski
A low-cost, pattern-reconfigurable, circularly polarized, high-gain, radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader antenna array is presented. It is a $2times2$ array whose elements are based on an innovative Archimedean spiral design. A 4-way power divider feed network with switchable delay lines is designed that enables reconfiguring the radiation patterns of the array. Because of its high realized gain and nine reconfigurable states, the developed reader antenna can be applied in long-distance, wide-coverage RFID inventorying. The fabricated prototype, with dimensions $1.15times 1.15times 0.07~lambda _{L}^{3}$ at 920 MHz, achieves a measured axial-ratio (AR) fractional bandwidth of 4.6%, and a peak realized gain (RG) of 10.5 dBic (12 dBic without the feed network). The RG of its reconfigurable patterns is greater than 6 dBic within $theta $ = $0^{circ }pm 45^{circ }$ for all azimuth angles. It was also tested in an outdoor range as the reader antenna for a practical RFID system. The maximum read distance was 22.3 m.
{"title":"Pattern-Reconfigurable, Circularly Polarized, High-Gain, Archimedean Spiral Antenna Array for Long-Distance, Wide-Coverage RFID Inventorying","authors":"Da Yi;Ren-Long Zhang;Ming-Chun Tang;Jing-Feng Fu;Yao Li;Xing-Xing Li;Huapeng Zhao;Richard W. Ziolkowski","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3379875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3379875","url":null,"abstract":"A low-cost, pattern-reconfigurable, circularly polarized, high-gain, radio-frequency identification (RFID) reader antenna array is presented. It is a \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2times2$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 array whose elements are based on an innovative Archimedean spiral design. A 4-way power divider feed network with switchable delay lines is designed that enables reconfiguring the radiation patterns of the array. Because of its high realized gain and nine reconfigurable states, the developed reader antenna can be applied in long-distance, wide-coverage RFID inventorying. The fabricated prototype, with dimensions \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.15times 1.15times 0.07~lambda _{L}^{3}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 at 920 MHz, achieves a measured axial-ratio (AR) fractional bandwidth of 4.6%, and a peak realized gain (RG) of 10.5 dBic (12 dBic without the feed network). The RG of its reconfigurable patterns is greater than 6 dBic within \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$theta $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 = \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0^{circ }pm 45^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 for all azimuth angles. It was also tested in an outdoor range as the reader antenna for a practical RFID system. The maximum read distance was 22.3 m.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"441-447"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141084914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3379225
Min Zhou;Hairong Dong;Juanjuan Li;Runmei Li;Xuan Liu;Hongwei Wang
In order to tackle the intricate challenges of train dispatching and command within China’s extensive high-speed railways (HSRs) network, this paper presents a novel parallel dispatching approach founded on the ACP (Artificial systems, Computational experiments, and Parallel execution) methodology. We provide a comprehensive overview of the framework and technical architecture of the parallel dispatching system (PDS), offering detailed insights into each fundamental module. It initiates by establishing the PDS for HSRs, emphasizing the deep integration of the actual and artificial systems. The methods for train operation situation deduction, rapid dispatching strategy generation, and comprehensive evaluation of parallel dispatching are then expounded, each tailored to different scales. Subsequently, the paper proposes the creation of a parallel dispatching platform for HSRs, utilizing a real line’s dispatching system as a prototype. Two typical scenarios are considered to validate the effectiveness of the PDS. The computational experiments are designed and executed in the artificial dispatching system to facilitate accurate deduction of operational scenarios and swift generation of dispatching solutions within defined computational constraints. The adjustment effects are assessed and iteratively optimized through parallel execution. The research outcomes of this paper can serve as a theoretical foundation and technical resource for the design, implementation, and validation of PDS in China’s high-speed railway network.
{"title":"Parallel Dispatching: A New Paradigm for High-Speed Train Operation Management and Optimization","authors":"Min Zhou;Hairong Dong;Juanjuan Li;Runmei Li;Xuan Liu;Hongwei Wang","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3379225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3379225","url":null,"abstract":"In order to tackle the intricate challenges of train dispatching and command within China’s extensive high-speed railways (HSRs) network, this paper presents a novel parallel dispatching approach founded on the ACP (Artificial systems, Computational experiments, and Parallel execution) methodology. We provide a comprehensive overview of the framework and technical architecture of the parallel dispatching system (PDS), offering detailed insights into each fundamental module. It initiates by establishing the PDS for HSRs, emphasizing the deep integration of the actual and artificial systems. The methods for train operation situation deduction, rapid dispatching strategy generation, and comprehensive evaluation of parallel dispatching are then expounded, each tailored to different scales. Subsequently, the paper proposes the creation of a parallel dispatching platform for HSRs, utilizing a real line’s dispatching system as a prototype. Two typical scenarios are considered to validate the effectiveness of the PDS. The computational experiments are designed and executed in the artificial dispatching system to facilitate accurate deduction of operational scenarios and swift generation of dispatching solutions within defined computational constraints. The adjustment effects are assessed and iteratively optimized through parallel execution. The research outcomes of this paper can serve as a theoretical foundation and technical resource for the design, implementation, and validation of PDS in China’s high-speed railway network.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"392-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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