Pub Date : 2025-04-02DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3557078
Nicolas Barbot;Ionela Prodan;Pavel Nikitin
This paper introduces a new method, called multi-port load modulation, allowing one to improve the delta RCS of any passive transponder. By switching simultaneously the loads connected to a multi-port antenna, we show that the associated delta RCS can be higher than the one predicted by the equations of R. Green in 1963. We demonstrate analytically that the delta RCS of the multi-port tag can be improved by 6 dB compared to a single port antenna. This improvement corresponds to an increase of the round-trip read range of 41%. This result can still be improved if the modulation of the structural mode adds constructively with the modulation of the antenna mode. Simulation and measurement of a fully compliant dual-port tag validate the model and achieve a large part of the predicted improvement.
{"title":"Differential RCS of Multi-Port Tag Antenna With Synchronous Modulated Backscatter","authors":"Nicolas Barbot;Ionela Prodan;Pavel Nikitin","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3557078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3557078","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a new method, called multi-port load modulation, allowing one to improve the delta RCS of any passive transponder. By switching simultaneously the loads connected to a multi-port antenna, we show that the associated delta RCS can be higher than the one predicted by the equations of R. Green in 1963. We demonstrate analytically that the delta RCS of the multi-port tag can be improved by 6 dB compared to a single port antenna. This improvement corresponds to an increase of the round-trip read range of 41%. This result can still be improved if the modulation of the structural mode adds constructively with the modulation of the antenna mode. Simulation and measurement of a fully compliant dual-port tag validate the model and achieve a large part of the predicted improvement.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"126-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143817831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems offer high data rates, but these systems are highly susceptible to environmental factors, particularly weather conditions such as rain, dust, and sand. This paper presents a novel approach to enhance the reliability of mmWave communication by implementing a Fuzzy Controller System (FCS) for dynamic channel switching. The proposed system integrates real-time measured weather data, such as rain rate, with the fuzzy logic controller to intelligently select the optimum frequency channel with the least attenuation under current atmospheric conditions. The fuzzy controller makes adaptive switching decisions by continuously analyzing environmental changes to maintain signal quality and system performance. Experimental results and simulations demonstrate that incorporating real measured data significantly improves the system’s ability to respond to weather variability, ensuring stable and efficient mmWave communication. This work provides a practical framework for implementing intelligent, weather-aware channel-switching mechanisms in next-generation wireless communication networks.
{"title":"Adaptive Millimeter Wave Channel Switching Based on Real-Time Weather Data Using Fuzzy Logic Control","authors":"Abdulmajid Mrebit;Esmail Abuhdima;Jian Liu;Amirhossein Nazeri;Nabeyou Tadessa;Naomi Rolle;Jason Laing;Gurcan Comert;Chin-Tser Huang;Pierluigi Pisu","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3575098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3575098","url":null,"abstract":"Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems offer high data rates, but these systems are highly susceptible to environmental factors, particularly weather conditions such as rain, dust, and sand. This paper presents a novel approach to enhance the reliability of mmWave communication by implementing a Fuzzy Controller System (FCS) for dynamic channel switching. The proposed system integrates real-time measured weather data, such as rain rate, with the fuzzy logic controller to intelligently select the optimum frequency channel with the least attenuation under current atmospheric conditions. The fuzzy controller makes adaptive switching decisions by continuously analyzing environmental changes to maintain signal quality and system performance. Experimental results and simulations demonstrate that incorporating real measured data significantly improves the system’s ability to respond to weather variability, ensuring stable and efficient mmWave communication. This work provides a practical framework for implementing intelligent, weather-aware channel-switching mechanisms in next-generation wireless communication networks.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"377-383"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3574759
Radhika Raina;Kamal Jeet Singh;Suman Kumar
Precision agriculture, also referred to as precision farming or smart farming, uses technology to improve the efficiency, sustainability and productivity of agricultural practices. Traditional precision agriculture systems often suffer from limited communication range and high power consumption, which restrict their scalability and long term deployment in large scale farms. Furthermore, existing literature lacks integrated solutions that address both range extension and power minimization in precision agriculture monitoring. To bridge this gap, multiple power efficient soil moisture monitoring nodes are deployed in the farm which transmit data using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology. Also, this paper investigates the power consumption of the entire precision agriculture monitoring system, including both the sensor nodes and the gateway, which has not been addressed in the previous research works. Soil moisture node has a battery lifetime of 114.18 hrs with 620 mAh / 3V battery. The soil moisture data is received by the gateway (receiver) which then sends data to the cloud. Also, Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is used at the receiver which reduces the packet loss and increases the range of soil moisture monitoring nodes. Additionally, light intensity (VCNL4040), anemometer, temperature and humidity (SHT40) sensors are interfaced with the gateway which sends data to the cloud directly using Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) technology. Therefore, this paper proposes novel and power-efficient agricultural monitoring device that also acts as a gateway has a battery life of 106.74 hrs with 15600 mAh / 4.2 V battery. Additionally, the mean absolute errors calculated for the soil moisture sensor (ZSSC3123), VCNL4040, SHT40 and anemometer using reference sensors are 0.1, 1.9, 1.33 and 1.42 respectively.
精准农业，也被称为精准农业或智能农业，利用技术来提高农业实践的效率、可持续性和生产力。传统的精准农业系统通常存在通信范围有限和功耗高的问题，这限制了其可扩展性和在大型农场的长期部署。此外，现有文献缺乏解决精准农业监测范围扩展和功耗最小化的综合解决方案。为了弥补这一差距，农场中部署了多个高效节能的土壤湿度监测节点，这些节点使用低功耗蓝牙（BLE）技术传输数据。此外，本文还研究了整个精准农业监测系统的功耗，包括传感器节点和网关，这是以往研究工作中没有解决的问题。土壤湿度节点采用620 mAh / 3V电池，电池寿命114.18小时。土壤湿度数据由网关（接收器）接收，然后将数据发送到云。在接收端采用低噪声放大器（LNA），减少了丢包，增加了土壤湿度监测节点的范围。此外，光强（VCNL4040）、风速计、温度和湿度（SHT40）传感器与网关接口，网关使用全球移动通信系统（GSM）技术直接向云发送数据。因此，本文提出了一种新型高效节能的农业监测设备，该设备同时作为网关，电池寿命为106.74小时，电池容量为15600 mAh / 4.2 V。土壤湿度传感器（ZSSC3123）、VCNL4040、SHT40和风速计使用参考传感器计算的平均绝对误差分别为0.1、1.9、1.33和1.42。
{"title":"Power Efficient and Long Range Precision Agriculture Monitoring System","authors":"Radhika Raina;Kamal Jeet Singh;Suman Kumar","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3574759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3574759","url":null,"abstract":"Precision agriculture, also referred to as precision farming or smart farming, uses technology to improve the efficiency, sustainability and productivity of agricultural practices. Traditional precision agriculture systems often suffer from limited communication range and high power consumption, which restrict their scalability and long term deployment in large scale farms. Furthermore, existing literature lacks integrated solutions that address both range extension and power minimization in precision agriculture monitoring. To bridge this gap, multiple power efficient soil moisture monitoring nodes are deployed in the farm which transmit data using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology. Also, this paper investigates the power consumption of the entire precision agriculture monitoring system, including both the sensor nodes and the gateway, which has not been addressed in the previous research works. Soil moisture node has a battery lifetime of 114.18 hrs with 620 mAh / 3V battery. The soil moisture data is received by the gateway (receiver) which then sends data to the cloud. Also, Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) is used at the receiver which reduces the packet loss and increases the range of soil moisture monitoring nodes. Additionally, light intensity (VCNL4040), anemometer, temperature and humidity (SHT40) sensors are interfaced with the gateway which sends data to the cloud directly using Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) technology. Therefore, this paper proposes novel and power-efficient agricultural monitoring device that also acts as a gateway has a battery life of 106.74 hrs with 15600 mAh / 4.2 V battery. Additionally, the mean absolute errors calculated for the soil moisture sensor (ZSSC3123), VCNL4040, SHT40 and anemometer using reference sensors are 0.1, 1.9, 1.33 and 1.42 respectively.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"330-339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-29DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3575043
Rahul Bhattacharyya;Fatima Villa Gonzalez;Pavel Nikitin
In this paper, we demonstrate how the power-on-tag-forward (POTF) and reverse (POTR) resonance frequencies can be estimated simply by measuring changes in the autotune (AT) code of RAIN RFID chips capable of making capacitance adjustments for enhanced antenna impedance matching. We show how this approach allows us to reliably estimate these characteristic frequencies — and, by extension, the dielectric and magnetic properties — of objects using a simple reading of the AT state values in the chip memory. Therefore, we eliminate the need for full POTF and/or POTR curve measurement and the need for read distance estimation and environmental calibration. The proposed method shows repeatability using 6 diverse RAIN RFID tags with T-matched antenna designs and self-tuning ICs, deployed on 7 dielectrics and 1 magnetic material. Current limitations and future research directions are also discussed.
{"title":"Material Sensing Using RAIN RFID Tags With Auto-Tuning Capabilities","authors":"Rahul Bhattacharyya;Fatima Villa Gonzalez;Pavel Nikitin","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3575043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3575043","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we demonstrate how the power-on-tag-forward (POTF) and reverse (POTR) resonance frequencies can be estimated simply by measuring changes in the autotune (AT) code of RAIN RFID chips capable of making capacitance adjustments for enhanced antenna impedance matching. We show how this approach allows us to reliably estimate these characteristic frequencies — and, by extension, the dielectric and magnetic properties — of objects using a simple reading of the AT state values in the chip memory. Therefore, we eliminate the need for full POTF and/or POTR curve measurement and the need for read distance estimation and environmental calibration. The proposed method shows repeatability using 6 diverse RAIN RFID tags with T-matched antenna designs and self-tuning ICs, deployed on 7 dielectrics and 1 magnetic material. Current limitations and future research directions are also discussed.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"340-349"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3573976
Po-Chun Shen;Yen-Sheng Chen
RFID systems often fail to detect tags due to polarization mismatch, interference, and blind spots caused by obstructed tags in dense metallic environments with multipath effects. This study addresses these issues by developing a dual-band circularly polarized (CP) RFID reader antenna equipped with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) for unidirectional radiation, alongside a blind spot mitigation metasurface (BSMM) to improve detection coverage. The AMC operates at both ultra-high frequency (UHF) and microwave bands, supporting the antenna’s dual-band design and stable CP. The BSMM is a passive electromagnetic surface that operates independently of the reader antenna and is designed to redirect incident signals toward unread tags in shadowed regions, thereby mitigating blind spots in RFID detection. Experimental results show that the dual-band system achieves up to a 48% increase in read reliability at 200 cm compared to single-band systems. The AMC-backed antenna improves detection rates by up to 34% over a conventional cross-dipole design. The BSMM further removes detection failures, achieving 100% reliability at 50 cm and maintaining 80% at 100 cm. These findings demonstrate that the proposed antenna and BSMM significantly enhance RFID performance in real-world scenarios, enabling more robust item-level tracking.
{"title":"Artificial Magnetic Conductor-Backed Dual-Band Circularly-Polarized RFID Reader Antenna With a Blind Spot Mitigation Metasurface","authors":"Po-Chun Shen;Yen-Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3573976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3573976","url":null,"abstract":"RFID systems often fail to detect tags due to polarization mismatch, interference, and blind spots caused by obstructed tags in dense metallic environments with multipath effects. This study addresses these issues by developing a dual-band circularly polarized (CP) RFID reader antenna equipped with an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) for unidirectional radiation, alongside a blind spot mitigation metasurface (BSMM) to improve detection coverage. The AMC operates at both ultra-high frequency (UHF) and microwave bands, supporting the antenna’s dual-band design and stable CP. The BSMM is a passive electromagnetic surface that operates independently of the reader antenna and is designed to redirect incident signals toward unread tags in shadowed regions, thereby mitigating blind spots in RFID detection. Experimental results show that the dual-band system achieves up to a 48% increase in read reliability at 200 cm compared to single-band systems. The AMC-backed antenna improves detection rates by up to 34% over a conventional cross-dipole design. The BSMM further removes detection failures, achieving 100% reliability at 50 cm and maintaining 80% at 100 cm. These findings demonstrate that the proposed antenna and BSMM significantly enhance RFID performance in real-world scenarios, enabling more robust item-level tracking.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"320-329"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144299266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-27DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3574233
Noor Mohammed;Robert W. Jackson;Sunghoon Ivan Lee;Jeremy Gummeson
In this paper, we present a new intra-body communication technology that uses capacitive backscatter. The main goal of this technology is to allow for the transmission of binary IDs between a skin-coupled transceiver and a batteryless tag by utilizing finite conductivity of skin and air coupling capacitance. The intra-body identification (IBID) hardware system consists of two pairs of skin-coupled 50 ohm galvanically isolated electrodes: the interrogator(fixed size: 30 cm $times $ 40 cm) and the tag (arbitrary shape and size). The flexibility of electrode shape enables the IBID tag to be easily deployed on various everyday objects. The interrogator is connected to a battery-powered wearable transceiver. The study investigated the capacitive backscatter phenomenon using two everyday object models: a remote control model and a rectangular single switch panel. The experimental results demonstrate the hardware system’s ability to interrogate binary IDs seamlessly using 40 MHz pulsed radio frequency (RF) carrier with 33% duty cycle. However, the variable dimensions of the tag electrode lead to varying path gain within a short body channel, resulting in low available power for the tag. To address this challenge, we developed an ultra-low powered IBID tag that can sustain its operation at $-11~dBm$ peak RF power and transmit multiple bursts of 16-bit binary packets.
本文提出了一种利用电容性后向散射的新型体内通信技术。该技术的主要目标是通过利用蒙皮和空气耦合电容的有限电导率，允许在蒙皮耦合收发器和无电池标签之间传输二进制id。体内识别（IBID）硬件系统由两对皮肤耦合的50欧姆电隔离电极组成：询问器（固定尺寸：30 cm × 40 cm）和标签（任意形状和大小）。电极形状的灵活性使IBID标签可以很容易地部署在各种日常物品上。询问器连接到电池供电的可穿戴收发器。该研究使用两个日常对象模型：遥控器模型和矩形单开关面板来研究电容性后向散射现象。实验结果表明，该硬件系统能够在占空比为33%的40 MHz脉冲射频（RF）载波上无缝查询二进制id。然而，标签电极的可变尺寸导致短体通道内的路径增益变化，从而导致标签的可用功率低。为了解决这一挑战，我们开发了一种超低功耗的IBID标签，可以在-11~dBm的峰值射频功率下维持其运行，并传输多个16位二进制数据包。
{"title":"A Capacitive Backscatter System for Intra-Body Identification","authors":"Noor Mohammed;Robert W. Jackson;Sunghoon Ivan Lee;Jeremy Gummeson","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3574233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3574233","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a new intra-body communication technology that uses capacitive backscatter. The main goal of this technology is to allow for the transmission of binary IDs between a skin-coupled transceiver and a batteryless tag by utilizing finite conductivity of skin and air coupling capacitance. The intra-body identification (IBID) hardware system consists of two pairs of skin-coupled 50 ohm galvanically isolated electrodes: the interrogator(fixed size: 30 cm <inline-formula> <tex-math>$times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> 40 cm) and the tag (arbitrary shape and size). The flexibility of electrode shape enables the IBID tag to be easily deployed on various everyday objects. The interrogator is connected to a battery-powered wearable transceiver. The study investigated the capacitive backscatter phenomenon using two everyday object models: a remote control model and a rectangular single switch panel. The experimental results demonstrate the hardware system’s ability to interrogate binary IDs seamlessly using 40 MHz pulsed radio frequency (RF) carrier with 33% duty cycle. However, the variable dimensions of the tag electrode lead to varying path gain within a short body channel, resulting in low available power for the tag. To address this challenge, we developed an ultra-low powered IBID tag that can sustain its operation at <inline-formula> <tex-math>$-11~dBm$ </tex-math></inline-formula> peak RF power and transmit multiple bursts of 16-bit binary packets.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"308-319"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The existing BLE-based cattle health and activity monitoring solutions rely primarily on parametric power optimization. However, a cattle health and activity monitoring system may require non-optimized parameters. Further, existing solutions transmit raw data, which is usually generated frequently, consequently increasing total transmission and causing high power consumption. Besides, BLE-based solutions are prone to data loss as the number of devices in the network increases, necessitating multiple transmissions to overcome data loss. However, the lack of an analytical framework to determine the optimal number of retransmissions results in redundant transmissions. This highlights the need for analytical expressions to precisely calculate the required number of retransmissions to overcome data loss. Owing to this issue and the emergence of BLE-related solutions, we have first examined the root cause of higher power consumption. Secondly, to reduce the number of transmissions causing major power consumption, we have proposed a threshold mode that reduces the total number of transmissions and saves a significant amount of power by only transmitting parametric data over raw data, which is usually sensed and transmitted very frequently. Thirdly, we have derived analytical close-form expression for the average number of transmissions required for successful data reception, which was the critical bottleneck in existing works. As a result, we have achieved significant improvement in battery life over the existing works; in particular, we achieved a maximum battery life of 10 years in mode A (raw data transmission) and 21 years in mode B (thresholding mode).
{"title":"BLE-Driven Power-Efficient Integrated Sensing and Communication Framework for Livestock Monitoring","authors":"Lalit Kumar Baghel;Radhika Raina;Suman Kumar;Riccardo Colella;Luca Catarinucci","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3554569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3554569","url":null,"abstract":"The existing BLE-based cattle health and activity monitoring solutions rely primarily on parametric power optimization. However, a cattle health and activity monitoring system may require non-optimized parameters. Further, existing solutions transmit raw data, which is usually generated frequently, consequently increasing total transmission and causing high power consumption. Besides, BLE-based solutions are prone to data loss as the number of devices in the network increases, necessitating multiple transmissions to overcome data loss. However, the lack of an analytical framework to determine the optimal number of retransmissions results in redundant transmissions. This highlights the need for analytical expressions to precisely calculate the required number of retransmissions to overcome data loss. Owing to this issue and the emergence of BLE-related solutions, we have first examined the root cause of higher power consumption. Secondly, to reduce the number of transmissions causing major power consumption, we have proposed a threshold mode that reduces the total number of transmissions and saves a significant amount of power by only transmitting parametric data over raw data, which is usually sensed and transmitted very frequently. Thirdly, we have derived analytical close-form expression for the average number of transmissions required for successful data reception, which was the critical bottleneck in existing works. As a result, we have achieved significant improvement in battery life over the existing works; in particular, we achieved a maximum battery life of 10 years in mode A (raw data transmission) and 21 years in mode B (thresholding mode).","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"135-145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143856377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-26DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3573941
Antonio Lazaro;Marco Rodrigo Cujilema;Ramon Villarino;Marc Lazaro;David Girbau
This work presents non-cloneable RFID tags to protect products like wine, liquor, and oil from counterfeiting. The tags have a unique spectral response created by combining their shape and sheet resistance, using layers of conductive material. A laser-induced graphene (LIG) layer is formed on a cork substrate and then is electroplated to improve conductivity. Two prototype scanners that read the tags’ electromagnetic signatures are presented, which are compatible with wine bottles and cork stoppers of different sizes. The first prototype relies on rotating the object during measurements, whereas the second uses four switched microstrip transmission lines as probes. Initial tests with complex logo images show the feasibility of this technology.
{"title":"Anti-Counterfeiting Near-Field Chipless RIFD Tags Based on Laser-Induced Graphene on Cork","authors":"Antonio Lazaro;Marco Rodrigo Cujilema;Ramon Villarino;Marc Lazaro;David Girbau","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3573941","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3573941","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents non-cloneable RFID tags to protect products like wine, liquor, and oil from counterfeiting. The tags have a unique spectral response created by combining their shape and sheet resistance, using layers of conductive material. A laser-induced graphene (LIG) layer is formed on a cork substrate and then is electroplated to improve conductivity. Two prototype scanners that read the tags’ electromagnetic signatures are presented, which are compatible with wine bottles and cork stoppers of different sizes. The first prototype relies on rotating the object during measurements, whereas the second uses four switched microstrip transmission lines as probes. Initial tests with complex logo images show the feasibility of this technology.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"295-307"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-22DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3572843
Mohammed A. Alsultan;Joan Melià-Seguí;Josep Parrón-Granados;Sergio López-Soriano
Soil moisture monitoring is essential for optimizing irrigation strategies, enhancing crop yields, and conserving water resources in precision agriculture. Traditional sensing methods often rely on battery-powered devices, which require maintenance and periodic replacement. This work introduces a batteryless ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) soil moisture sensor that leverages RFID technology and an interdigitated capacitor (IDC) for capacitive sensing. The proposed sensor integrates a meandered dipole antenna and an EM4152 RFID chip, enabling wireless monitoring of soil Volumetric Water Content (VWC) without the need for an external power source. The sensor’s performance is validated through controlled soil moisture experiments, where capacitance readings are correlated with reference measurements from the commercial TEROS 10 soil moisture sensor. The sensor was tested and calibrated using three different soil types: sandy, clay, and a commercial combo substrate. The results demonstrate strong linear correlations with TEROS 10 measurements across all soil types, with coefficients of determination of R2 = 0.9648 (sandy), R2 = 0.9512 (clay), and R2 = 0.9444 (combo). Furthermore, tests conducted at varying water contents and a read range of up to 3.5 meters validate the sensor’s robustness across different soil conditions. The findings highlight the potential of battery-less RFID-based sensing for sustainable and maintenance-free soil moisture monitoring in agricultural applications.
{"title":"A Battery-Less UHF RFID Sensor for Soil Moisture Monitoring","authors":"Mohammed A. Alsultan;Joan Melià-Seguí;Josep Parrón-Granados;Sergio López-Soriano","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3572843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3572843","url":null,"abstract":"Soil moisture monitoring is essential for optimizing irrigation strategies, enhancing crop yields, and conserving water resources in precision agriculture. Traditional sensing methods often rely on battery-powered devices, which require maintenance and periodic replacement. This work introduces a batteryless ultrahigh frequency radio frequency identification (UHF RFID) soil moisture sensor that leverages RFID technology and an interdigitated capacitor (IDC) for capacitive sensing. The proposed sensor integrates a meandered dipole antenna and an EM4152 RFID chip, enabling wireless monitoring of soil Volumetric Water Content (VWC) without the need for an external power source. The sensor’s performance is validated through controlled soil moisture experiments, where capacitance readings are correlated with reference measurements from the commercial TEROS 10 soil moisture sensor. The sensor was tested and calibrated using three different soil types: sandy, clay, and a commercial combo substrate. The results demonstrate strong linear correlations with TEROS 10 measurements across all soil types, with coefficients of determination of R2 = 0.9648 (sandy), R2 = 0.9512 (clay), and R2 = 0.9444 (combo). Furthermore, tests conducted at varying water contents and a read range of up to 3.5 meters validate the sensor’s robustness across different soil conditions. The findings highlight the potential of battery-less RFID-based sensing for sustainable and maintenance-free soil moisture monitoring in agricultural applications.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"286-294"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=11009146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144213625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-20DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2025.3553151
Aijaz Ahmed
This work presents a novel methodology of an RFID system for peer-to-peer surveillance of products in warehouses. The methodology also uses a novel antenna sensor that continuously senses the tags/ products within its radiating field region. This designed antenna sensor works in a dual frequency range of 865–867 MHz and 902–928 MHz with a peak gain and typical VSWR of 3.9 dBi and 1.05 respectively. To demonstrate the proof of concept of the methodology, 4-identical antennas are fabricated and stacked on the racks where the products along with tags are used to be placed. These tags are being monitored by the server that compares the ordered products with the collected products from the shelves and raises the warning or an alarm when any unwanted tags is moved or missing from the locations on the shelves. Multiple measurements are performed to check the accuracy and repeatability of the system with random positions of the tags. The outcome validates that the proposed antenna, along with the developed methodology, can be used in warehouses for monitoring the positions of the products as well as in the peer-to-peer surveillance of products if they have any unauthorized movements from the shelves.
{"title":"An IoT-Based RFID Solution for Peer-to-Peer Surveillance of Warehouse Using a Novel Antenna Sensor","authors":"Aijaz Ahmed","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2025.3553151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2025.3553151","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a novel methodology of an RFID system for peer-to-peer surveillance of products in warehouses. The methodology also uses a novel antenna sensor that continuously senses the tags/ products within its radiating field region. This designed antenna sensor works in a dual frequency range of 865–867 MHz and 902–928 MHz with a peak gain and typical VSWR of 3.9 dBi and 1.05 respectively. To demonstrate the proof of concept of the methodology, 4-identical antennas are fabricated and stacked on the racks where the products along with tags are used to be placed. These tags are being monitored by the server that compares the ordered products with the collected products from the shelves and raises the warning or an alarm when any unwanted tags is moved or missing from the locations on the shelves. Multiple measurements are performed to check the accuracy and repeatability of the system with random positions of the tags. The outcome validates that the proposed antenna, along with the developed methodology, can be used in warehouses for monitoring the positions of the products as well as in the peer-to-peer surveillance of products if they have any unauthorized movements from the shelves.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"9 ","pages":"117-122"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143726580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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