Pub Date : 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3375795
Lorenzo Bianchi;Emidio Di Giampaolo;Francesco Martinelli;Fabrizio Romanelli
We consider the close relative motion of two UHF RFID tags and the problem is the estimation of the distance between the two tags, by measuring the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and the phase of the RFID signal backscattered by one of the two tags. Due to the short distance considered, and hence to the electromagnetic coupling between the antennas, the measured RSSI and phase present a complex and ambiguous dependence on the distance between the tags. The problem is solved through two approaches, based respectively on a Multi-Hypothesis Extended and a Multi-Hypothesis Unscented Kalman Filter (MHEKF and MHUKF). The availability of phase and RSSI allows to mitigate the ambiguity in the problem and to estimate the distance without any information on its initial value. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the approach, with the MHUKF presenting slightly better performances compared to the MHEKF. The proposed setup can be applied in manufacturing, robotics, safety and in any context where the variable distance between two close objects should be monitored.
我们考虑了两个超高频 RFID 标签的近距离相对运动，问题是通过测量接收信号强度指示器（RSSI）和两个标签之一反向散射的 RFID 信号的相位来估计两个标签之间的距离。由于所考虑的距离很短，因此天线之间存在电磁耦合，测量到的 RSSI 和相位与标签之间的距离有着复杂而模糊的关系。该问题通过两种方法来解决，分别基于多假设扩展卡尔曼滤波器（MHEKF）和多假设无标点卡尔曼滤波器（MHUKF）。有了相位和 RSSI，就可以减少问题的模糊性，并在没有任何初始值信息的情况下估计距离。仿真和实验结果表明了该方法的有效性，其中 MHUKF 的性能略优于 MHEKF。建议的设置可应用于制造、机器人、安全以及任何需要监控两个近距离物体之间可变距离的场合。
{"title":"Close Motion Estimation of UHF-RFID Tagged Objects Based on Electromagnetic Coupling","authors":"Lorenzo Bianchi;Emidio Di Giampaolo;Francesco Martinelli;Fabrizio Romanelli","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3375795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3375795","url":null,"abstract":"We consider the close relative motion of two UHF RFID tags and the problem is the estimation of the distance between the two tags, by measuring the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and the phase of the RFID signal backscattered by one of the two tags. Due to the short distance considered, and hence to the electromagnetic coupling between the antennas, the measured RSSI and phase present a complex and ambiguous dependence on the distance between the tags. The problem is solved through two approaches, based respectively on a Multi-Hypothesis Extended and a Multi-Hypothesis Unscented Kalman Filter (MHEKF and MHUKF). The availability of phase and RSSI allows to mitigate the ambiguity in the problem and to estimate the distance without any information on its initial value. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the approach, with the MHUKF presenting slightly better performances compared to the MHEKF. The proposed setup can be applied in manufacturing, robotics, safety and in any context where the variable distance between two close objects should be monitored.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"185-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10466392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-08DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3398443
Joseph Patton;Alexander C. Barrie;Stewart Doe;Daniel Gershman;Levon Avanov;Ali Abedi
The Fast Plasma Investigation (FPI) is an instrument suite aboard NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale space physics mission, which is designed to study magnetic reconnection in the Earth’s magnetosphere. In this work, a predictive model of microchannel plate (MCP) current was developed for FPI to autonomously monitor the device currents. The results of an analysis of the resistance of the microchannel plates included in the FPI particle spectrometers are presented along with a new model that combines a physically-informed model of MCP resistance with an empirically-derived model of FPI instrument temperature. This improved estimation of MCP resistance allows for a more precise determination of nominal MCP current, enabling accurate detection of current anomalies.
{"title":"Automated Current Monitoring for Microchannel Plates on Fast Plasma Investigation","authors":"Joseph Patton;Alexander C. Barrie;Stewart Doe;Daniel Gershman;Levon Avanov;Ali Abedi","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3398443","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3398443","url":null,"abstract":"The Fast Plasma Investigation (FPI) is an instrument suite aboard NASA’s Magnetospheric Multiscale space physics mission, which is designed to study magnetic reconnection in the Earth’s magnetosphere. In this work, a predictive model of microchannel plate (MCP) current was developed for FPI to autonomously monitor the device currents. The results of an analysis of the resistance of the microchannel plates included in the FPI particle spectrometers are presented along with a new model that combines a physically-informed model of MCP resistance with an empirically-derived model of FPI instrument temperature. This improved estimation of MCP resistance allows for a more precise determination of nominal MCP current, enabling accurate detection of current anomalies.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"526-534"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141334028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ZeroPower devices are the next generation of Internet of Things. Typically taping from ambient energy, or activated by a remote reader, their first and foremost challenge is the operation distance from the nearest RF source. Unfortunately, these systems can only be activated within a range of a few tens of meters due to their minimum activation power (also named reading sensitivity). This work reduces the harvesting power to a new threshold of −28dBm ( $1.5 mu text{W}$ ). We demonstrate a wireless motion sensor operating in burst mode with as low as 120 mV of DC voltage and $0.72 mu text{J}$ of stored energy. This efficient operation is achieved without any DC/DC conversion thanks to a four-stages rectifier biasing a tunnel diode Voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO).
零功耗设备是下一代物联网。它们通常利用环境能源或通过远程读取器激活，其首要挑战是与最近的射频源的操作距离。遗憾的是，由于这些系统的最小激活功率（也称为读取灵敏度），它们只能在几十米的范围内被激活。这项研究将采集功率降低到了-28dBm（1.5 美元）的新阈值。我们展示了一种在突发模式下工作的无线运动传感器，其直流电压低至 120 mV，存储能量为 0.72 mu text{J}$。由于采用了四级整流器为隧道二极管压控振荡器（VCO）提供偏压，因此无需任何直流/直流转换即可实现这种高效运行。
{"title":"A Wireless Motion Sensor Operating Down to −28-dBm Energy Harvesting","authors":"Yero Dia;Helena Ribeiro;Laurent Oyhenart;Elie Zaraket;Ludivine Fadel;Valerie Vigneras;Corinne Dejous;Nuno Carvalho;Simon Hemour","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3374648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3374648","url":null,"abstract":"ZeroPower devices are the next generation of Internet of Things. Typically taping from ambient energy, or activated by a remote reader, their first and foremost challenge is the operation distance from the nearest RF source. Unfortunately, these systems can only be activated within a range of a few tens of meters due to their minimum activation power (also named reading sensitivity). This work reduces the harvesting power to a new threshold of −28dBm (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$1.5 mu text{W}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000). We demonstrate a wireless motion sensor operating in burst mode with as low as 120 mV of DC voltage and \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.72 mu text{J}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 of stored energy. This efficient operation is achieved without any DC/DC conversion thanks to a four-stages rectifier biasing a tunnel diode Voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO).","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"176-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140880711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3397575
A. Baris Gok;Diego Masotti;Alessandra Costanzo
This paper investigates the design and fabrication, by additive manufacturing, of optically transparent meshed patch antenna arrays atop photovoltaic (PV) panels. This integration is foreseen to be exploited in space by small satellites to enable wireless power transfer among them, while maintaining optimal solar power production, with no need for extra areas for the antenna subsystems. The proposed antenna arrays utilize a novel approach, where horizontal conductive strips of a meshed metallization are removed, to enhance transparency without compromising antenna performance. Two arrays are designed at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, and the associated design choices and issues are discussed. The antenna metallizations make use of vertical strips only with a line spacing of $0.04boldsymbol {lambda }$ , found to be the best compromise to ensure maximal transparency and antenna performance, using low-cost printing technique on 110 mm $times $ 110 mm borosilicate glass. Simulations and experiments show that the underlying PV metallization patterns have a significant impact on the antenna radiation properties at the highest operating frequency of 5.8 GHz. In this case, a degradation of the antenna gain compared to the predictions is observed. Through a reverse-engineering method, this effect is modeled by the effective electromagnetic characteristics of the glass substrate, rather than by accounting for the pattern layout-wise. It is demonstrated that this choice enables an efficient yet accurate full-wave simulation of the entire system, suggesting the necessity for a co-design of the PV panel and the antenna to facilitate an accurate representation of the entire system and its current radiating characteristics.
{"title":"Co-Location of PV Panel With Meshed Antenna Array for Inter-Satellite Energy Transmission","authors":"A. Baris Gok;Diego Masotti;Alessandra Costanzo","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3397575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3397575","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the design and fabrication, by additive manufacturing, of optically transparent meshed patch antenna arrays atop photovoltaic (PV) panels. This integration is foreseen to be exploited in space by small satellites to enable wireless power transfer among them, while maintaining optimal solar power production, with no need for extra areas for the antenna subsystems. The proposed antenna arrays utilize a novel approach, where horizontal conductive strips of a meshed metallization are removed, to enhance transparency without compromising antenna performance. Two arrays are designed at 2.45 GHz and 5.8 GHz, and the associated design choices and issues are discussed. The antenna metallizations make use of vertical strips only with a line spacing of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.04boldsymbol {lambda }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000, found to be the best compromise to ensure maximal transparency and antenna performance, using low-cost printing technique on 110 mm \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$times $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 110 mm borosilicate glass. Simulations and experiments show that the underlying PV metallization patterns have a significant impact on the antenna radiation properties at the highest operating frequency of 5.8 GHz. In this case, a degradation of the antenna gain compared to the predictions is observed. Through a reverse-engineering method, this effect is modeled by the effective electromagnetic characteristics of the glass substrate, rather than by accounting for the pattern layout-wise. It is demonstrated that this choice enables an efficient yet accurate full-wave simulation of the entire system, suggesting the necessity for a co-design of the PV panel and the antenna to facilitate an accurate representation of the entire system and its current radiating characteristics.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"516-525"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141334048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-06DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3397582
Ricardo Lent
This study conducts an experimental evaluation of a decentralized cognitive routing approach to improve the performance of Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) in challenging environments, particularly in space. The primary goal is to minimize latency while concurrently extending the operational lifetimes of nodes by strategically avoiding bundle transmission through low-charged relay nodes. The approach addresses multi-objective routing through a reinforcement learning formulation that considers either the delay or path length to the destination, jointly with the residual energy levels of nodes along the transmission path. It also defines suitable networking mechanisms to obtain accurate estimates of delay-energy metrics associated with node contacts. The paper provides details of the implementation strategy for the High-Rate Delay Tolerant Networking (HDTN) framework and the design of a battery emulation system that provides precise control over experimental conditions, ensuring test reproducibility. The results demonstrate significant reductions in bundle losses and extended network lifetimes while maintaining either delay or path lengths within reasonable bounds compared to what can be achieved with the current routing standard. The proposed approach holds the promise of significantly improving the reliability of DTN communications in space.
{"title":"Experimental Evaluation of a Cognitive Routing Strategy for Efficient Energy Management in DTN","authors":"Ricardo Lent","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3397582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3397582","url":null,"abstract":"This study conducts an experimental evaluation of a decentralized cognitive routing approach to improve the performance of Delay Tolerant Networks (DTNs) in challenging environments, particularly in space. The primary goal is to minimize latency while concurrently extending the operational lifetimes of nodes by strategically avoiding bundle transmission through low-charged relay nodes. The approach addresses multi-objective routing through a reinforcement learning formulation that considers either the delay or path length to the destination, jointly with the residual energy levels of nodes along the transmission path. It also defines suitable networking mechanisms to obtain accurate estimates of delay-energy metrics associated with node contacts. The paper provides details of the implementation strategy for the High-Rate Delay Tolerant Networking (HDTN) framework and the design of a battery emulation system that provides precise control over experimental conditions, ensuring test reproducibility. The results demonstrate significant reductions in bundle losses and extended network lifetimes while maintaining either delay or path lengths within reasonable bounds compared to what can be achieved with the current routing standard. The proposed approach holds the promise of significantly improving the reliability of DTN communications in space.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"506-515"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141333981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-02DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3396333
Alberto Facchini;Francesco Paolo Chietera;Riccardo Colella;Luca Catarinucci;Pietro Bia;Luciano Mescia
In this work, the design of a novel class of 3D dielectric lens antennas through the use of a lab-made electromagnetic tool is presented. The lens antenna is modeled using a generalized superformula allowing additional degree of freedom which can be exploited to obtain complex lens shapes with flat surface regions, steep sides, a non-rotational symmetry, or a modulated and aspherical surface profile. Thanks to the free parameters characterizing this formula, the lens geometry can be adjusted in a simple and analytical way. The electromagnetic tool is based on the geometrical optics and tube tracing approximations as well as the physical optics approach. In this way, the multiple wave reflections within the lens region as well as the far field outside the lens can be calculated. Moreover, an efficient synthesis procedure based on swarm intelligence has been developed and integrated in the numerical code. Thanks to this design tool it is possible to identify the lens parameters yielding the optimal antenna characteristic and a desired radiation patterns with low computational burden.
{"title":"Lens Antenna Design Tool Based on Generalized Superformula","authors":"Alberto Facchini;Francesco Paolo Chietera;Riccardo Colella;Luca Catarinucci;Pietro Bia;Luciano Mescia","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3396333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3396333","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the design of a novel class of 3D dielectric lens antennas through the use of a lab-made electromagnetic tool is presented. The lens antenna is modeled using a generalized superformula allowing additional degree of freedom which can be exploited to obtain complex lens shapes with flat surface regions, steep sides, a non-rotational symmetry, or a modulated and aspherical surface profile. Thanks to the free parameters characterizing this formula, the lens geometry can be adjusted in a simple and analytical way. The electromagnetic tool is based on the geometrical optics and tube tracing approximations as well as the physical optics approach. In this way, the multiple wave reflections within the lens region as well as the far field outside the lens can be calculated. Moreover, an efficient synthesis procedure based on swarm intelligence has been developed and integrated in the numerical code. Thanks to this design tool it is possible to identify the lens parameters yielding the optimal antenna characteristic and a desired radiation patterns with low computational burden.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"476-483"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10517938","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141308677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3371877
Yasin Khan;Aaqib Afzal;Ankit Dubey;Alok Saxena
This paper investigates the secrecy performance of a Backscatter communication (BackCom) network considering a practical non-linear energy harvesting model with various tag selection schemes. The tag circuit reflects the signal by finding the optimal dynamic reflection coefficient that maximizes the backscattered signal power while satisfying the tag energy constraint. The channel gains of all links follow Rayleigh fading model. Accounting performance and complexity trade-offs, two computationally efficient sub-optimal and a random selection schemes are proposed and analyzed. The performance is analyzed by obtaining the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and probability of intercept (POI) in closed-form. To gain further insights, expressions for the asymptotic SOP and POI are also derived for all selection schemes. We compare the proposed selection schemes with optimal selection scheme and conclude that proposed schemes significantly reduce the complexity and performs satisfactorily in terms of SOP and POI.
本文研究了背向散射通信（BackCom）网络的保密性能，考虑了一个实用的非线性能量采集模型和各种标签选择方案。标签电路通过寻找最优动态反射系数来反射信号，从而在满足标签能量约束的同时使反向散射信号功率最大化。所有链路的信道增益都遵循瑞利衰减模型。考虑到性能和复杂性的权衡，提出并分析了两种计算效率较高的次优方案和随机选择方案。通过闭合形式获得保密中断概率（SOP）和截获概率（POI），对性能进行了分析。为了进一步深入了解，还推导出了所有选择方案的渐近 SOP 和 POI 表达式。我们将提出的选择方案与最优选择方案进行了比较，得出的结论是，提出的方案大大降低了复杂性，在 SOP 和 POI 方面的表现令人满意。
{"title":"Secrecy Performance of Energy-Harvesting Backscatter Communication Network Under Different Tag Selection Schemes","authors":"Yasin Khan;Aaqib Afzal;Ankit Dubey;Alok Saxena","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3371877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3371877","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the secrecy performance of a Backscatter communication (BackCom) network considering a practical non-linear energy harvesting model with various tag selection schemes. The tag circuit reflects the signal by finding the optimal dynamic reflection coefficient that maximizes the backscattered signal power while satisfying the tag energy constraint. The channel gains of all links follow Rayleigh fading model. Accounting performance and complexity trade-offs, two computationally efficient sub-optimal and a random selection schemes are proposed and analyzed. The performance is analyzed by obtaining the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and probability of intercept (POI) in closed-form. To gain further insights, expressions for the asymptotic SOP and POI are also derived for all selection schemes. We compare the proposed selection schemes with optimal selection scheme and conclude that proposed schemes significantly reduce the complexity and performs satisfactorily in terms of SOP and POI.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140164191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multi-pedestrian attribute recognition (Multi-PAR) is a vital task for smart city surveillance applications, which requires identifying various attributes of multiple pedestrians in a single image. However, most existing methods are limited by the complex backgrounds and the time-consuming pedestrian detection preprocessing work in real-world scenarios, and cannot achieve satisfactory accuracy and efficiency. In this paper, we present a novel end-to-end solution, named Adaptive Multi-Task Network (AMTN), which jointly performs multiple tasks and leverages an adaptive feature re-extraction (AFRE) module to optimize them. Specially, We integrate pedestrian detection into AMTN to perform PAR preprocessing, and incorporate a person re-identification (ReID) task branch to track pedestrians in video streams, thereby selecting the clearest video frames for analysis instead of every video frame to improve analysis efficiency and recognition accuracy. Moreover, we design a dynamic weight fitting loss (DWFL) function to prevent gradient explosions and balance tasks during training. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of our approach, and compare it with the state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms, achieving 1.5%-4.9% improvement in accuracy on Multi-PAR. The experiments also show that the AMTN can greatly improve the efficiency of preprocessing by saving the computation of feature extraction through basic features sharing. Compared with the state-of-the-art detection algorithm Yolov5s, it can improve the efficiency by 42%.
{"title":"Adaptive Multi-Task Learning for Multi-PAR in Real World","authors":"Haoyun Sun;Hongwei Zhao;Weishan Zhang;Liang Xu;Hongqing Guan","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3371881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3371881","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-pedestrian attribute recognition (Multi-PAR) is a vital task for smart city surveillance applications, which requires identifying various attributes of multiple pedestrians in a single image. However, most existing methods are limited by the complex backgrounds and the time-consuming pedestrian detection preprocessing work in real-world scenarios, and cannot achieve satisfactory accuracy and efficiency. In this paper, we present a novel end-to-end solution, named Adaptive Multi-Task Network (AMTN), which jointly performs multiple tasks and leverages an adaptive feature re-extraction (AFRE) module to optimize them. Specially, We integrate pedestrian detection into AMTN to perform PAR preprocessing, and incorporate a person re-identification (ReID) task branch to track pedestrians in video streams, thereby selecting the clearest video frames for analysis instead of every video frame to improve analysis efficiency and recognition accuracy. Moreover, we design a dynamic weight fitting loss (DWFL) function to prevent gradient explosions and balance tasks during training. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the accuracy and efficiency of our approach, and compare it with the state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms other state-of-the-art algorithms, achieving 1.5%-4.9% improvement in accuracy on Multi-PAR. The experiments also show that the AMTN can greatly improve the efficiency of preprocessing by saving the computation of feature extraction through basic features sharing. Compared with the state-of-the-art detection algorithm Yolov5s, it can improve the efficiency by 42%.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"357-366"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140924704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3369470
Andrea Motroni;Salvatore D’Avella;Alice Buffi;Paolo Tripicchio;Matteo Unetti;Glauco Cecchi;Paolo Nepa
This paper presents the development and testing of a robot designed for automated inventory and 3D localization of items in high-density shelving systems. To enhance accuracy in locating UHF-RFID tagged objects by using synthetic aperture-based methods, rotating antennas are installed on the robot. This allows more degrees of freedom in antenna trajectory, by reaching large synthetic apertures that may deliver high-performance localization. The robot can navigate complex environments by utilizing a depth camera and a visual odometry system, and it can effectively avoid obstacles with the help of a Laser Imaging Detection And Ranging system. Extensive testing is conducted in a realistic shop-like scenario where tagged products are placed on either wooden shelves or hung on metal racks. The robot navigation capabilities are verified together with its inventory and localization performance for different visibility conditions of the tagged items.
{"title":"Advanced RFID-Robot With Rotating Antennas for Smart Inventory in High-Density Shelving Systems","authors":"Andrea Motroni;Salvatore D’Avella;Alice Buffi;Paolo Tripicchio;Matteo Unetti;Glauco Cecchi;Paolo Nepa","doi":"10.1109/JRFID.2024.3369470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JRFID.2024.3369470","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the development and testing of a robot designed for automated inventory and 3D localization of items in high-density shelving systems. To enhance accuracy in locating UHF-RFID tagged objects by using synthetic aperture-based methods, rotating antennas are installed on the robot. This allows more degrees of freedom in antenna trajectory, by reaching large synthetic apertures that may deliver high-performance localization. The robot can navigate complex environments by utilizing a depth camera and a visual odometry system, and it can effectively avoid obstacles with the help of a Laser Imaging Detection And Ranging system. Extensive testing is conducted in a realistic shop-like scenario where tagged products are placed on either wooden shelves or hung on metal racks. The robot navigation capabilities are verified together with its inventory and localization performance for different visibility conditions of the tagged items.","PeriodicalId":73291,"journal":{"name":"IEEE journal of radio frequency identification","volume":"8 ","pages":"559-570"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10443987","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141422474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-22DOI: 10.1109/JRFID.2024.3368882
Somnath Mukherjee;Debidas Kundu;Ashis Khan
The deleterious effect of eddy current due to the presence of a metal in magnetically coupled resonant high-frequency radio frequency identification (HF RFID) systems is addressed, and remediation using a resonant loop is discussed. The proposed solution is much more economic than conventional ferrite-based shielding. The resonant loop, which is referred to as auxiliary coil in this paper, does not increase the profile of the existing HF RFID tag. Analysis is carried out using full-wave numerical simulation resulting in an equivalent circuit model, and validated with measurements. The technique is illustrated through applications like HF RFID tags in close proximity to a metal seal required for induction sealing, as well for extending read range of readers compelled to operate near metallic environment.
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