To achieve better broadband performance and lower conversion loss (CL), a mixer using an innovative mixing unit is proposed in this letter, which contains two gallium arsenide (GaAs) pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (pHEMTs) and a coupled capacitor. Leveraging the analysis and the equivalent circuit of the proposed topology, the minimum local oscillator (LO) power ( $P_{mathrm {LO},min }$ ) and CL of the mixer are deduced and calculated. The analysis concluded that the ratio of the maximum time-varying impedance to the minimum time-varying impedance of the mixing unit maintains a substantial value across a wide frequency band, indicating enhanced broadband characteristics and reduced CL. In addition, based on the proposed topology and analysis, a single-ended mixer with a radio frequency (RF) range of 2–22 GHz and an intermediate frequency (IF) fixed at 100 MHz was implemented using the Sanan 0.15- $mu $ m GaAs pHEMT process. With a 15-dBm LO power, the test results of this mixer reveal a 10-dB CL and 20-dB isolation within the operating frequency range of 2–22 GHz. The designed single-ended mixer monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) achieves a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 166% and occupies a chip area of $0.7times 1$ mm2.
为了实现更好的宽带性能和更低的转换损耗（CL），本文提出了一种使用创新混频单元的混频器，其中包含两个砷化镓（GaAs）拟态高电子迁移率晶体管（pHEMT）和一个耦合电容器。利用对所提拓扑结构的分析和等效电路，推导并计算了混频器的最小本振（LO）功率（$P_{mathrm {LO},min }$）和CL。分析结果表明，混频单元的最大时变阻抗与最小时变阻抗之比在很宽的频段内都保持了很大的数值，这表明宽带特性增强，CL 减小。此外，基于所提出的拓扑结构和分析，利用Sanan 0.15- $mu $ m GaAs pHEMT工艺实现了射频（RF）范围为2-22 GHz、中频（IF）固定为100 MHz的单端混频器。在 15 dBm LO 功率下，该混频器的测试结果显示在 2-22 GHz 工作频率范围内具有 10 dB CL 和 20 dB 隔离度。所设计的单端混频器单片微波集成电路（MMIC）实现了 166% 的分数带宽（FBW），占用芯片面积为 0.7 美元乘 1 美元 mm2。
{"title":"A Broadband Low Conversion Loss Single-Ended Resistive Mixer With an Innovative Topology","authors":"Tingwei Gong;Zhiqun Cheng;Chao Le;Xuefei Xuan;Bangjie Zheng;Zhiwei Zhang;Minshi Jia","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3376714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3376714","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve better broadband performance and lower conversion loss (CL), a mixer using an innovative mixing unit is proposed in this letter, which contains two gallium arsenide (GaAs) pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistors (pHEMTs) and a coupled capacitor. Leveraging the analysis and the equivalent circuit of the proposed topology, the minimum local oscillator (LO) power (\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$P_{mathrm {LO},min }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) and CL of the mixer are deduced and calculated. The analysis concluded that the ratio of the maximum time-varying impedance to the minimum time-varying impedance of the mixing unit maintains a substantial value across a wide frequency band, indicating enhanced broadband characteristics and reduced CL. In addition, based on the proposed topology and analysis, a single-ended mixer with a radio frequency (RF) range of 2–22 GHz and an intermediate frequency (IF) fixed at 100 MHz was implemented using the Sanan 0.15-\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 m GaAs pHEMT process. With a 15-dBm LO power, the test results of this mixer reveal a 10-dB CL and 20-dB isolation within the operating frequency range of 2–22 GHz. The designed single-ended mixer monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) achieves a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 166% and occupies a chip area of \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$0.7times 1$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 mm2.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 9","pages":"1103-1106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3411026
Kun Gao;Yufeng Zhang;Xin Liu;Jiewen Wang;Qingyue Chen;Xu Shi;Wenhua Chen;Haigang Feng;Zhenghe Feng;Fadhel M. Ghannouchi
In this letter, we propose an enhanced binary particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with symmetrical uncertainty (EBPSO-SU) to reduce the complexity of the digital predistortion (DPD) model. In millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication systems, the power consumption issue is notable due to the considerable number of redundant terms in the DPD models. To prune these terms, the correlation between the label (output signal) and features (basic function terms) is first leveraged for swarm initialization. Subsequently, the EBPSO algorithm, incorporating a modified velocity-to-position mapping formula, is employed to identify key terms of the model. Measurement results from a 28 GHz power amplifier operating with a 200 MHz input signal illustrate that the proposed pruning algorithm can reduce the complexity of the full generalized memory polynomial (GMP) model by 90% while ensuring equivalent performance.
{"title":"An Enhanced Binary Particle Swarm Optimization for Pruning Digital Predistortion Models","authors":"Kun Gao;Yufeng Zhang;Xin Liu;Jiewen Wang;Qingyue Chen;Xu Shi;Wenhua Chen;Haigang Feng;Zhenghe Feng;Fadhel M. Ghannouchi","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3411026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3411026","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, we propose an enhanced binary particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with symmetrical uncertainty (EBPSO-SU) to reduce the complexity of the digital predistortion (DPD) model. In millimeter-wave (mm-wave) communication systems, the power consumption issue is notable due to the considerable number of redundant terms in the DPD models. To prune these terms, the correlation between the label (output signal) and features (basic function terms) is first leveraged for swarm initialization. Subsequently, the EBPSO algorithm, incorporating a modified velocity-to-position mapping formula, is employed to identify key terms of the model. Measurement results from a 28 GHz power amplifier operating with a 200 MHz input signal illustrate that the proposed pruning algorithm can reduce the complexity of the full generalized memory polynomial (GMP) model by 90% while ensuring equivalent performance.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 9","pages":"1119-1122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3423760
Chen Yang;Ke Jin;Weiyang Zhou;Huan Hu;Xirui Zhu
Power amplifier (PA) is the core device for dc-RF conversion in wireless power transfer (WPT) system. However, the drain efficiency (DE) of PA decreases significantly due to the load mismatch effect at low output power levels. In this letter, a power pulsewidth modulation (PPWM) power supply is proposed to enhance the wide-power-range efficiency of PA. In this way, the average output power demand is met, and the maximum DE can always be achieved when the output power backs off. A prototype comprising a driver amplifier, a 5.8-GHz/10-W class-F PA and a 30-W PPWM power supply is fabricated and tested in the lab. Experimental results and performance comparison are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
功率放大器（PA）是无线功率传输（WPT）系统中直流-射频转换的核心器件。然而，由于低输出功率水平下的负载失配效应，功率放大器的漏极效率（DE）显著降低。本文提出了一种功率脉宽调制（PPWM）电源，以提高功率放大器的宽功率范围效率。这样，既能满足平均输出功率需求，又能在输出功率下降时始终达到最大 DE 值。在实验室中制作并测试了一个由驱动器放大器、5.8-GHz/10-W F 类功率放大器和 30-W PPWM 电源组成的原型。实验结果和性能比较验证了所提方法的有效性。
{"title":"Efficiency Enhancement of Power Amplifier Using Power Pulsewidth Modulation for Wireless Power Transfer","authors":"Chen Yang;Ke Jin;Weiyang Zhou;Huan Hu;Xirui Zhu","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3423760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3423760","url":null,"abstract":"Power amplifier (PA) is the core device for dc-RF conversion in wireless power transfer (WPT) system. However, the drain efficiency (DE) of PA decreases significantly due to the load mismatch effect at low output power levels. In this letter, a power pulsewidth modulation (PPWM) power supply is proposed to enhance the wide-power-range efficiency of PA. In this way, the average output power demand is met, and the maximum DE can always be achieved when the output power backs off. A prototype comprising a driver amplifier, a 5.8-GHz/10-W class-F PA and a 30-W PPWM power supply is fabricated and tested in the lab. Experimental results and performance comparison are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 9","pages":"1099-1102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-10DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3422848
David L. West;Ashley A. Goodnight;Nima Ghalichechian
We report the first demonstration of photothermally excited vanadium dioxide (VO $_{mathbf {2}}$ ) RF switches. The switches operate from dc to 65 GHz. VO $_{mathbf {2}}$ is a phase-change material with a volatile insulator-metal transition (IMT) at $68~^{circ }$ C, and it is a promising technology for millimeter-wave (mmWave) switching applications that require low-loss performance. However, the traditional activation of VO $_{mathbf {2}}$ switches using microheaters results in undesirable parasitic capacitance. We propose heating VO $_{mathbf {2}}$ with a laser, which decouples the excitation method from electromagnetic (EM) design. The coplanar waveguide (CPW) switches exhibit low-loss, ultrawideband performance, with <0.43-dB>17.7-dB return loss in the on state and >17.2-dB isolation in the off state from 10 MHz to 65 GHz. The figure of merit defined as 1/( $2pi $ R $_{text{on}}$ C $_{text{off}}$ ) is extracted as 12.4 THz. We achieve switching times in the microsecond range using a continuous-wave 786-nm semiconductor laser.
我们首次展示了光热激发二氧化钒（VO $_{mathbf {2}}$ ）射频开关。开关的工作频率从直流到 65 GHz。VO $_{mathbf {2}}$ 是一种相变材料，在 68~^{circ }$ C 时具有易挥发的绝缘体-金属转变 (IMT)，对于需要低损耗性能的毫米波 (mmWave) 开关应用来说，它是一种很有前途的技术。然而，使用微加热器激活 VO $_{mathbf {2}}$ 开关的传统方法会产生不理想的寄生电容。我们建议使用激光加热 VO $_{mathbf {2}}$，这样就能将激励方法与电磁（EM）设计分离开来。共面波导 (CPW) 开关具有低损耗、超宽带性能，在导通状态下的回波损耗为 17.7 分贝，在关断状态下的隔离度大于 17.2 分贝，频率范围从 10 MHz 到 65 GHz。根据 1/( $2pi $ R $_{text{on}}$ C $_{text{off}}$)的定义，提取的优越性为 12.4 THz。我们使用波长为 786 纳米的连续半导体激光器实现了微秒级的开关时间。
{"title":"Ultrawideband, Photothermally Excited mmWave Vanadium Dioxide Switches","authors":"David L. West;Ashley A. Goodnight;Nima Ghalichechian","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3422848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3422848","url":null,"abstract":"We report the first demonstration of photothermally excited vanadium dioxide (VO\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{mathbf {2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) RF switches. The switches operate from dc to 65 GHz. VO\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{mathbf {2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 is a phase-change material with a volatile insulator-metal transition (IMT) at \u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$68~^{circ }$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C, and it is a promising technology for millimeter-wave (mmWave) switching applications that require low-loss performance. However, the traditional activation of VO\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{mathbf {2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 switches using microheaters results in undesirable parasitic capacitance. We propose heating VO\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{mathbf {2}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000 with a laser, which decouples the excitation method from electromagnetic (EM) design. The coplanar waveguide (CPW) switches exhibit low-loss, ultrawideband performance, with <0.43-dB>17.7-dB return loss in the on state and >17.2-dB isolation in the off state from 10 MHz to 65 GHz. The figure of merit defined as 1/(\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$2pi $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000R\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{text{on}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000C\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$_{text{off}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000) is extracted as 12.4 THz. We achieve switching times in the microsecond range using a continuous-wave 786-nm semiconductor laser.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 9","pages":"1083-1086"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3413511
{"title":"IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters Information for Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3413511","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3413511","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 7","pages":"C3-C3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=10591617","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141602563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3422468
Yiwen Wang;Ze Li;Zengshan Tian
Precise microwave ranging is critical in localization, sensing, and other applications. However, phase offsets caused by imperfections in devices, particularly in commercial networks such as WiFi, pose challenges for accurate ranging. For precise ranging, this letter proposes a novel approach to eliminate the phase offsets in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals without changing the hardware. It includes a comprehensive mathematical derivation aimed at eliminating phase offsets. We then integrated orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for ranging. We implemented the method using software-defined radio (SDR) and conducted extensive testing in an indoor environment. The results indicate that our method’s performance is on par with that of ranging operations conducted under perfectly synchronized conditions between transceivers.
{"title":"Elimination of Phase Offsets for Microwave Ranging Using OFDM Signals","authors":"Yiwen Wang;Ze Li;Zengshan Tian","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3422468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3422468","url":null,"abstract":"Precise microwave ranging is critical in localization, sensing, and other applications. However, phase offsets caused by imperfections in devices, particularly in commercial networks such as WiFi, pose challenges for accurate ranging. For precise ranging, this letter proposes a novel approach to eliminate the phase offsets in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals without changing the hardware. It includes a comprehensive mathematical derivation aimed at eliminating phase offsets. We then integrated orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm for ranging. We implemented the method using software-defined radio (SDR) and conducted extensive testing in an indoor environment. The results indicate that our method’s performance is on par with that of ranging operations conducted under perfectly synchronized conditions between transceivers.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 9","pages":"1127-1130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142143695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3420398
Zongyu Chang;Xin Hu;Boyan Li;Quanhao Yao;Yurong Yao;Weidong Wang;Fadhel M. Ghannouchi
A traditional power amplifier (PA) behavioral model typically represents one specific operating state of the PA. As the number of states of PA increases, the depth of the behavioral model based on the deep neural network (DNN) deepens. However, the deepening of the DNN may result in decreased model accuracy. To solve this issue, this letter proposes a residual selectable modeling method to obtain the residual DNN (RDNN), which can be used to build the multistate PA behavioral model. Experimental results show that the multistate PA model constructed by the proposed method can improve the accuracy of the DNN-based PA model. Also, the model accuracy does not decrease with the deepening of DNNs.
传统的功率放大器（PA）行为模型通常代表功率放大器的一种特定工作状态。随着功率放大器状态数量的增加，基于深度神经网络（DNN）的行为模型的深度也会加深。然而，DNN 的加深可能会导致模型精度下降。为了解决这个问题，本文提出了一种残差可选建模方法，以获得残差 DNN（RDNN），并用它来建立多态 PA 行为模型。实验结果表明，用所提出的方法构建的多态 PA 模型可以提高基于 DNN 的 PA 模型的精度。而且，模型的准确性不会随着 DNN 的加深而降低。
{"title":"A Residual Selectable Modeling Method Based on Deep Neural Network for Power Amplifiers With Multiple States","authors":"Zongyu Chang;Xin Hu;Boyan Li;Quanhao Yao;Yurong Yao;Weidong Wang;Fadhel M. Ghannouchi","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3420398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3420398","url":null,"abstract":"A traditional power amplifier (PA) behavioral model typically represents one specific operating state of the PA. As the number of states of PA increases, the depth of the behavioral model based on the deep neural network (DNN) deepens. However, the deepening of the DNN may result in decreased model accuracy. To solve this issue, this letter proposes a residual selectable modeling method to obtain the residual DNN (RDNN), which can be used to build the multistate PA behavioral model. Experimental results show that the multistate PA model constructed by the proposed method can improve the accuracy of the DNN-based PA model. Also, the model accuracy does not decrease with the deepening of DNNs.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 8","pages":"1043-1046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-08DOI: 10.1109/LMWT.2024.3420253
Jahid Hasan Chowdhury;Md. Shihab;Sourav Kumar Pramanik;Md. Shafkat Hossain;Kaisari Ferdous;Md. Shahriar;Shekh M. M. Islam
Vital sign monitoring using continuous wave (CW) microwave Doppler radar is gaining attention due to its simpler architecture and fewer signal processing chains. Existing literature focuses on utilizing the direction of arrival (DOA) technique of CW radar when the subjects are within the angular spacing limit. However, when two subjects cross the angular spacing limit for DOA estimation of the radar then the DOA technique becomes ineffective. To address this challenge, this research work focuses on testing the efficacy of two signal processing approaches [empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and independent component analysis with the joint approximation diagonalization of the eigenmatrices (ICA-JADE)] for the experimental scenarios when the subjects are within the beamwidth of the CW radar. After isolating the individual heartbeat waveforms using two different signal processing approaches it was compared with the Biopac ECG recorded heartbeat signal. Experimental results demonstrated that the ICA-JADE method superseded the performance of the EMD technique with an accuracy of 92.57% in all repeated measurements.
{"title":"Separation of Heartbeat Waveforms of Simultaneous Two-Subjects Using Independent Component Analysis and Empirical Mode Decomposition","authors":"Jahid Hasan Chowdhury;Md. Shihab;Sourav Kumar Pramanik;Md. Shafkat Hossain;Kaisari Ferdous;Md. Shahriar;Shekh M. M. Islam","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3420253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3420253","url":null,"abstract":"Vital sign monitoring using continuous wave (CW) microwave Doppler radar is gaining attention due to its simpler architecture and fewer signal processing chains. Existing literature focuses on utilizing the direction of arrival (DOA) technique of CW radar when the subjects are within the angular spacing limit. However, when two subjects cross the angular spacing limit for DOA estimation of the radar then the DOA technique becomes ineffective. To address this challenge, this research work focuses on testing the efficacy of two signal processing approaches [empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and independent component analysis with the joint approximation diagonalization of the eigenmatrices (ICA-JADE)] for the experimental scenarios when the subjects are within the beamwidth of the CW radar. After isolating the individual heartbeat waveforms using two different signal processing approaches it was compared with the Biopac ECG recorded heartbeat signal. Experimental results demonstrated that the ICA-JADE method superseded the performance of the EMD technique with an accuracy of 92.57% in all repeated measurements.","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 8","pages":"1059-1062"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141965260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this letter, a dual-asymmetrical-Lange-coupler-based load-modulated balanced amplifier (DALC-LMBA) topology is proposed for back-off efficiency enhancement. An input asymmetrical Lange coupler (ALC) is used to sequentially turn on the balanced amplifiers (BAs) for power back-off efficiency enhancement, another output ALC is adopted to generate proper load modulation (LM) for all three transistors. To verify the proposed design approach, a 23–25 GHz DALC-LMBA was implemented in a 0.12- $mu $ m gallium nitride (GaN) process. It achieves 34–34.5 dBm saturated output power with 18%–20% power-added-efficiency (PAE) and 14%–18% 8-dB back-off PAE across the band. When excited by a 200-MHz 7.2-dB peak-to-average power ratio 5G new radio (NR) signal with digital predistortion, it achieves 14.4%–18% average PAE and better than −41 dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR).
{"title":"A GaN MMIC Dual-Asymmetrical-Lange-Coupler-Based Load-Modulated Balanced Amplifier for Back-Off Efficiency Enhancement","authors":"Luqi Yu;Yucheng Yu;Gaojing Zhang;Peng Chen;Chao Yu","doi":"10.1109/LMWT.2024.3420946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2024.3420946","url":null,"abstract":"In this letter, a dual-asymmetrical-Lange-coupler-based load-modulated balanced amplifier (DALC-LMBA) topology is proposed for back-off efficiency enhancement. An input asymmetrical Lange coupler (ALC) is used to sequentially turn on the balanced amplifiers (BAs) for power back-off efficiency enhancement, another output ALC is adopted to generate proper load modulation (LM) for all three transistors. To verify the proposed design approach, a 23–25 GHz DALC-LMBA was implemented in a 0.12-\u0000<inline-formula> <tex-math>$mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>\u0000m gallium nitride (GaN) process. It achieves 34–34.5 dBm saturated output power with 18%–20% power-added-efficiency (PAE) and 14%–18% 8-dB back-off PAE across the band. When excited by a 200-MHz 7.2-dB peak-to-average power ratio 5G new radio (NR) signal with digital predistortion, it achieves 14.4%–18% average PAE and better than −41 dBc adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR).","PeriodicalId":73297,"journal":{"name":"IEEE microwave and wireless technology letters","volume":"34 8","pages":"1031-1034"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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