Bader A Almehmadi, Thamer Althewaikh, Abdulwahab ALhussain, Abdulaziz Bin Saqyan, Majed M. Alosaimi, Bandar Alhayden, K. Medani, W. Sami
Introduction: During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, all perspectives of life were affected by the situation, and as a result, all health services worldwide were overwhelmed, which led to the exhaustion of hospital beds and intensive care units, workforce and resources. This research was done to determine the health-seeking behaviour during the COVID pandemic COVID-19 in the Al Zulfi area and its relation to the monthly number of patient visits to primary health centre before and after the pandemic and the roles and regulations for health-care services. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study to study the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients' health-seeking behaviour in Zulfi city. Results: Results were obtained from 567 participants; the finding was a decline in the number of patients visiting the health facilities by 65.6% compared in 2019. There were more declines in males than in females (18.5% vs. 15.9%, respectively). Conclusion: Despite the strong impact of COVID-19 on healthcare, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the strongest countries in facing this pandemic, providing the best care, educating society and minimizing losses. Under these circumstances, patients' visits to health centres in Zulfi decreased, complications appeared for some patients who rescheduled their appointments, healthcare became electronic, and the patients were satisfied with those services.
{"title":"Effect of COVID-19 on patients health-seeking behaviour in Zulfi City","authors":"Bader A Almehmadi, Thamer Althewaikh, Abdulwahab ALhussain, Abdulaziz Bin Saqyan, Majed M. Alosaimi, Bandar Alhayden, K. Medani, W. Sami","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_67_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_67_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: During the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, all perspectives of life were affected by the situation, and as a result, all health services worldwide were overwhelmed, which led to the exhaustion of hospital beds and intensive care units, workforce and resources. This research was done to determine the health-seeking behaviour during the COVID pandemic COVID-19 in the Al Zulfi area and its relation to the monthly number of patient visits to primary health centre before and after the pandemic and the roles and regulations for health-care services. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study to study the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients' health-seeking behaviour in Zulfi city. Results: Results were obtained from 567 participants; the finding was a decline in the number of patients visiting the health facilities by 65.6% compared in 2019. There were more declines in males than in females (18.5% vs. 15.9%, respectively). Conclusion: Despite the strong impact of COVID-19 on healthcare, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is one of the strongest countries in facing this pandemic, providing the best care, educating society and minimizing losses. Under these circumstances, patients' visits to health centres in Zulfi decreased, complications appeared for some patients who rescheduled their appointments, healthcare became electronic, and the patients were satisfied with those services.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"96 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46148646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Eghbalian, E. Jenabi, S. Bashirian, S. Khazaei, M. Shokouhi, B. Basiri, M. Sabzehei, Shobo Sheikhahmadi, H. Babaei, Mazyar Vakiliamini, N. Jafari, M. Jafari
Introduction: So far, no study has been conducted in Iran on the effect of COVID-19 on neonates. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study has been evaluated to determine the clinical manifestations and outcomes in neonates infected with COVID-19 in the west of Iran. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among neonates infected with COVID-19 in six provinces of Hamadan, Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Ilam, Zanjan and Lorestan, located in the west of Iran, from 1 March to 1 July 2020. In these neonates, the polymerase chain reaction test was positive. The data were collected by a checklist and were analysed using SPSS Statistics Software. Result: During the study period, 16 neonates infected with COVID-19 were identified including Kurdistan Province with five cases, Hamadan Province four cases, Kermanshah with three cases, and Lorestan and Zanjan provinces with two cases. Neonate gender of them had equal distribution. Two (15.38%) of them needed CPR after delivery. The delivery method for 9 (56.25%) was vaginal, and one of them died during the study period. The medical care used for these neonates was as follows: 87.5% were hospitalized in the intensive care unit and antibiotics were used for 68.75%. 12.5% underwent COVID-19-specific treatment, and for 25%, a ventilator was used. The laboratory findings in neonates infected with COVID-19 showed that in 18.75%, blood urea nitrogen has increased. 46.15% of neonates reported lymphocytopenia. The blood haematocrit and haemoglobin decreased by 31.35% and 56.25%, respectively. Conclusion: The coronavirus disease 2019 has occurred among neonates, but they seemed to have a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. Findings showed that there is a possibility of vertical intrauterine transmission from pregnant mothers to newborns.
{"title":"The clinical manifestations and outcomes in neonates infected with COVID-19 in the West of Iran","authors":"F. Eghbalian, E. Jenabi, S. Bashirian, S. Khazaei, M. Shokouhi, B. Basiri, M. Sabzehei, Shobo Sheikhahmadi, H. Babaei, Mazyar Vakiliamini, N. Jafari, M. Jafari","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_4_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_4_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: So far, no study has been conducted in Iran on the effect of COVID-19 on neonates. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study has been evaluated to determine the clinical manifestations and outcomes in neonates infected with COVID-19 in the west of Iran. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted among neonates infected with COVID-19 in six provinces of Hamadan, Kermanshah, Kurdistan, Ilam, Zanjan and Lorestan, located in the west of Iran, from 1 March to 1 July 2020. In these neonates, the polymerase chain reaction test was positive. The data were collected by a checklist and were analysed using SPSS Statistics Software. Result: During the study period, 16 neonates infected with COVID-19 were identified including Kurdistan Province with five cases, Hamadan Province four cases, Kermanshah with three cases, and Lorestan and Zanjan provinces with two cases. Neonate gender of them had equal distribution. Two (15.38%) of them needed CPR after delivery. The delivery method for 9 (56.25%) was vaginal, and one of them died during the study period. The medical care used for these neonates was as follows: 87.5% were hospitalized in the intensive care unit and antibiotics were used for 68.75%. 12.5% underwent COVID-19-specific treatment, and for 25%, a ventilator was used. The laboratory findings in neonates infected with COVID-19 showed that in 18.75%, blood urea nitrogen has increased. 46.15% of neonates reported lymphocytopenia. The blood haematocrit and haemoglobin decreased by 31.35% and 56.25%, respectively. Conclusion: The coronavirus disease 2019 has occurred among neonates, but they seemed to have a milder disease course and better prognosis than adults. Findings showed that there is a possibility of vertical intrauterine transmission from pregnant mothers to newborns.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"48 - 52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41764076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_153_21
M. Andharia, J. Rai, Monali Shah, P. Sonavane
Antimicrobials have traditionally been the only chemotherapeutic option for treating periodontitis and peri-implant disorders. With a growing understanding of the host–pathogen interactions in periodontal pathogenesis, novel therapeutic options for periodontitis and peri-implant disorders are developed by focusing on the host response with host-modulating drugs. When employed as host-modifying agents, a variety of sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD), bisphosphonates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were found to be successful in both experimental animal research and human trials. The current state and future prospects of host modulatory agents used to treat peri-implant disease are discussed in this evidence-based review.
{"title":"An evidence-based review on host modulatory agents in treatment of peri-implant disease","authors":"M. Andharia, J. Rai, Monali Shah, P. Sonavane","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_153_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_153_21","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobials have traditionally been the only chemotherapeutic option for treating periodontitis and peri-implant disorders. With a growing understanding of the host–pathogen interactions in periodontal pathogenesis, novel therapeutic options for periodontitis and peri-implant disorders are developed by focusing on the host response with host-modulating drugs. When employed as host-modifying agents, a variety of sub-antimicrobial dose doxycycline (SDD), bisphosphonates and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were found to be successful in both experimental animal research and human trials. The current state and future prospects of host modulatory agents used to treat peri-implant disease are discussed in this evidence-based review.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"10 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46166198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_113_22
Zen Hafy, Z. Maritska, Susilawati, E. Amalia, V. Larasati, S. Fertilita
Introduction: Assessing how various COVID-19 vaccines work against SARS-CoV-2 in different individuals is pivotal to planning better management and coping with the pandemic. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are one of the contributing factors to the immune response. This study investigated interferon lambda 3 and 4 (IFNL3/4) gene polymorphism and their association with an individual's immune response after receiving COVID-19 vaccines. Materials and Methods: An exploratory laboratory study to identify SNPs rs1297860 and rs368234815 in IFNL3/4 genes in Indonesian who have received two shots of CoronaVac and further evaluate its association with the COVID-19 vaccine response. The immune response was reflected from the serum titres of SARS-CoV-2 IgG (anti-spike IgG level), quantified using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay, where the IFNL3/IFNL4 SNPs identified using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: From March to August 2021, this study recruited 46 eligible and healthy persons. None of the subjects in this study have the assumed associated genotypes (TT in IFNL3 or DG/DG in IFNL4). There was also no significant difference in the Mean Fold Rise of anti-spike IgG level between individuals with IFNL3 rs12979860 C/T polymorphism (CT genotype) and those with the homozygous common (wild-type) genotype (TT genotype) (U = 358; P > 0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of IFNL3/4 polymorphisms in this study population was low. Furthermore, the IFNL3/4 polymorphisms do not affect immune response (anti-spike IgG level) in individuals receiving two shots of the COVID-19 vaccine in this study.
{"title":"Analysis of the interferon lambda 3 and 4 gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and vaccine response against COVID-19","authors":"Zen Hafy, Z. Maritska, Susilawati, E. Amalia, V. Larasati, S. Fertilita","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_113_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_113_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Assessing how various COVID-19 vaccines work against SARS-CoV-2 in different individuals is pivotal to planning better management and coping with the pandemic. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are one of the contributing factors to the immune response. This study investigated interferon lambda 3 and 4 (IFNL3/4) gene polymorphism and their association with an individual's immune response after receiving COVID-19 vaccines. Materials and Methods: An exploratory laboratory study to identify SNPs rs1297860 and rs368234815 in IFNL3/4 genes in Indonesian who have received two shots of CoronaVac and further evaluate its association with the COVID-19 vaccine response. The immune response was reflected from the serum titres of SARS-CoV-2 IgG (anti-spike IgG level), quantified using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay, where the IFNL3/IFNL4 SNPs identified using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism. Results: From March to August 2021, this study recruited 46 eligible and healthy persons. None of the subjects in this study have the assumed associated genotypes (TT in IFNL3 or DG/DG in IFNL4). There was also no significant difference in the Mean Fold Rise of anti-spike IgG level between individuals with IFNL3 rs12979860 C/T polymorphism (CT genotype) and those with the homozygous common (wild-type) genotype (TT genotype) (U = 358; P > 0.05). Conclusion: The frequency of IFNL3/4 polymorphisms in this study population was low. Furthermore, the IFNL3/4 polymorphisms do not affect immune response (anti-spike IgG level) in individuals receiving two shots of the COVID-19 vaccine in this study.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"135 - 138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42627746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sudden unexpected death is a tragic event that strikes without warning, leaving families and communities in shock. Uncovering the underlying causes of such deaths has long been challenging for forensic medical professionals. However, with the advancements in genomics and molecular biology, the molecular autopsy can unravel the hidden triggers behind these perplexing cases of sudden unexpected death. The molecular autopsy uses genetic analysis to inquire about sudden death. It is valuable, especially in a negative autopsy or inconclusive autopsy findings, i.e., a known hereditary illness feature frequently brings on sudden unexplained deaths (SUDs). In SUD situations, post-mortem molecular testing assists with forensic investigations and provides specific genetic assessment for the sufferer's nearest biological relatives.[1] Every individual's genomic blueprint is the foundation for developing, functioning and regulating various biological processes. Slight variations or mutations within these genes can lead to significant alterations in the body's function, potentially culminating in fatal consequences. A molecular autopsy involves a comprehensive analysis of an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to identify potential genetic anomalies that might have played a role in their sudden unexpected death. This method relies on advanced genomic sequencing technologies that allow scientists to scrutinise the entire genome or specific gene regions for irregularities. Distinguishing between inherited mutations and sporadic mutations is crucial during a molecular autopsy. Inherited mutations are passed down vertically from parents and could suggest a genetic predisposition toward sudden death. Conversely, sporadic mutations arise spontaneously and may result from diverse environmental factors. SAMPLE COLLECTION In obtaining DNA extraction for genetic analysis, fresh-frozen tissues and blood are the preferred resources [Figure 1]. The Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/European Heart Rhythm Association consensus document regarding genetic screening for cardiomyopathies and channelopathies vastly suggests the assortment of ‘DNA-compatible samples (5–10 mL whole blood kept in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tube, a blood spot card or a frozen sample from the heart, liver or spleen) to be used for future genetic testing purposes’.[2] Such specimens must be frozen or stored in cold storage for about 4 weeks at temperatures ranging from −20 C to −80 C to ensure the preservation of DNA quality.[3] The recently released consensus paper by the HRS and the Asia-Pacific HRS concerning the examination of deceased individuals with SUD and individuals experiencing unexpected stoppage of heart-beating contains similar recommended guidelines.[4] While storing blood samples for potential future reanalysis has become a standard procedure in evaluating sudden cardiac death (SCD), the absence of this option in past SCD cases poses constraints in their retrospective cases for re-e
{"title":"The Secrets of Molecular Autopsy Reshape Sudden Unexpected Death Investigations in the Genomic Era","authors":"Mainul Haque, NadiawatiAbdul Razak, Susmita Sinha","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_90_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_90_23","url":null,"abstract":"Sudden unexpected death is a tragic event that strikes without warning, leaving families and communities in shock. Uncovering the underlying causes of such deaths has long been challenging for forensic medical professionals. However, with the advancements in genomics and molecular biology, the molecular autopsy can unravel the hidden triggers behind these perplexing cases of sudden unexpected death. The molecular autopsy uses genetic analysis to inquire about sudden death. It is valuable, especially in a negative autopsy or inconclusive autopsy findings, i.e., a known hereditary illness feature frequently brings on sudden unexplained deaths (SUDs). In SUD situations, post-mortem molecular testing assists with forensic investigations and provides specific genetic assessment for the sufferer's nearest biological relatives.[1] Every individual's genomic blueprint is the foundation for developing, functioning and regulating various biological processes. Slight variations or mutations within these genes can lead to significant alterations in the body's function, potentially culminating in fatal consequences. A molecular autopsy involves a comprehensive analysis of an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to identify potential genetic anomalies that might have played a role in their sudden unexpected death. This method relies on advanced genomic sequencing technologies that allow scientists to scrutinise the entire genome or specific gene regions for irregularities. Distinguishing between inherited mutations and sporadic mutations is crucial during a molecular autopsy. Inherited mutations are passed down vertically from parents and could suggest a genetic predisposition toward sudden death. Conversely, sporadic mutations arise spontaneously and may result from diverse environmental factors. SAMPLE COLLECTION In obtaining DNA extraction for genetic analysis, fresh-frozen tissues and blood are the preferred resources [Figure 1]. The Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/European Heart Rhythm Association consensus document regarding genetic screening for cardiomyopathies and channelopathies vastly suggests the assortment of ‘DNA-compatible samples (5–10 mL whole blood kept in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid tube, a blood spot card or a frozen sample from the heart, liver or spleen) to be used for future genetic testing purposes’.[2] Such specimens must be frozen or stored in cold storage for about 4 weeks at temperatures ranging from −20 C to −80 C to ensure the preservation of DNA quality.[3] The recently released consensus paper by the HRS and the Asia-Pacific HRS concerning the examination of deceased individuals with SUD and individuals experiencing unexpected stoppage of heart-beating contains similar recommended guidelines.[4] While storing blood samples for potential future reanalysis has become a standard procedure in evaluating sudden cardiac death (SCD), the absence of this option in past SCD cases poses constraints in their retrospective cases for re-e","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135441160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Trichotillomania (TTM) is a less addressed cause of alopecia. Refusal to accept this condition as a psychiatric illness causes marked delay in seeking help. This article aims to evaluate the treatment response of TTM patients. This is a case series study on 5 patients (4 females, 1 male) of TTM, of whom 3 patients took treatment on an outpatient basis (obsessive-compulsive and related disorders clinic) and 2 patients at indoor (orange unit) at the Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, from January 2022 to July 2023. Out of 7 cases, 2 patients did not come after the 1 st follow-up. Pharmacological management was chosen according to established guidelines. All patients were given basic psychoeducation and relevant psychological intervention. A total of 5 cases were described. The median time to receive effective psychiatric treatment is 8.6 years (4–15 years). The median time to respond after starting therapy is 6 weeks. All patients responded well to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Augmentation with low-dose antipsychotics and the addition of specific pharmacologic agents have been shown to improve outcomes. Psychological management helped patients most in achieving long-term remission. Despite the prolonged treatment gap, patients of TTM showed marked improvement with combined pharmacological and psychological intervention in a short time. Further study involving a more significant number of cases is needed to support the findings.
{"title":"A case series of trichotillomania; Impact of therapeutic intervention: Clinical out-turn","authors":"Sultana Algin, Mainul Haque, Asha Akter, SumaiyaBente Jalil, FatemaTuj Johora Joti, HumayraShahjahan Hridi, Rahnuma Ahmad","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_98_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_98_23","url":null,"abstract":"Trichotillomania (TTM) is a less addressed cause of alopecia. Refusal to accept this condition as a psychiatric illness causes marked delay in seeking help. This article aims to evaluate the treatment response of TTM patients. This is a case series study on 5 patients (4 females, 1 male) of TTM, of whom 3 patients took treatment on an outpatient basis (obsessive-compulsive and related disorders clinic) and 2 patients at indoor (orange unit) at the Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, from January 2022 to July 2023. Out of 7 cases, 2 patients did not come after the 1 st follow-up. Pharmacological management was chosen according to established guidelines. All patients were given basic psychoeducation and relevant psychological intervention. A total of 5 cases were described. The median time to receive effective psychiatric treatment is 8.6 years (4–15 years). The median time to respond after starting therapy is 6 weeks. All patients responded well to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Augmentation with low-dose antipsychotics and the addition of specific pharmacologic agents have been shown to improve outcomes. Psychological management helped patients most in achieving long-term remission. Despite the prolonged treatment gap, patients of TTM showed marked improvement with combined pharmacological and psychological intervention in a short time. Further study involving a more significant number of cases is needed to support the findings.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135914276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thalassaemia constitutes an especially prevalent human monogenic illness caused by a lack of synthesis of the α- or β-globin chains. The clinical impact of β-thalassaemia is worse since it consists of the same pair gene configuration, thalassaemia major, causing significant health discouragement and loss of life due to life threateningly insufficient haemoglobin (Hb) levels. Only a few nations have successfully reduced the prevalence of β-thalassaemia major, even though comprehensive screening, group counselling, pre-natal detection and public education can all be used. Since over ½ century ago, the fundamental elements of treatment for thalassaemia major have been iron chelation and hypertransfusion. The globin chain that makes up the adult Hb molecule is missing or synthesised at a reduced rate in β-thalassemia. The aberrant buildup of the α-globin chain and faulty formation of red blood cells (RBCs) leading to RBC haemolysis are the outcomes of this genetic abnormality. Since allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) has been a well-established gene replacement therapy for individuals with thalassaemia major for several years, it has had very successful outcomes for patients with access to it. Over the past 20 years, the consequences for more susceptible patients have also steadily improved, leading to 80%–90% longer-term life expectancy amongst this group of patients. However, providing Allo-HSCT as a treatment for these patients globally presents numerous difficulties. Replacing genes in autologous HSCs employing viral vectors has been possible in recent years.
{"title":"Haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in thalassaemia major: A narrative review","authors":"Mainul Haque, Rabeya Yousuf, Dilshad Jahan, Susmita Sinha","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_104_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_104_23","url":null,"abstract":"Thalassaemia constitutes an especially prevalent human monogenic illness caused by a lack of synthesis of the α- or β-globin chains. The clinical impact of β-thalassaemia is worse since it consists of the same pair gene configuration, thalassaemia major, causing significant health discouragement and loss of life due to life threateningly insufficient haemoglobin (Hb) levels. Only a few nations have successfully reduced the prevalence of β-thalassaemia major, even though comprehensive screening, group counselling, pre-natal detection and public education can all be used. Since over ½ century ago, the fundamental elements of treatment for thalassaemia major have been iron chelation and hypertransfusion. The globin chain that makes up the adult Hb molecule is missing or synthesised at a reduced rate in β-thalassemia. The aberrant buildup of the α-globin chain and faulty formation of red blood cells (RBCs) leading to RBC haemolysis are the outcomes of this genetic abnormality. Since allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (Allo-HSCT) has been a well-established gene replacement therapy for individuals with thalassaemia major for several years, it has had very successful outcomes for patients with access to it. Over the past 20 years, the consequences for more susceptible patients have also steadily improved, leading to 80%–90% longer-term life expectancy amongst this group of patients. However, providing Allo-HSCT as a treatment for these patients globally presents numerous difficulties. Replacing genes in autologous HSCs employing viral vectors has been possible in recent years.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135914287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Multiple individuals around the world endure diagnosed or undiagnosed mental health issues. There is a growing recognition of the significance of mental health as a primary cause of disability with substantial effects on daily functioning. Approximately 10% of those needing assistance or treatment obtain the required assistance. Primary healthcare centres are the backbone of any nation's healthcare system because they provide the primary access point to treatment, illness prevention and an enhanced quality of life. They have the potential to boost the level of quality and productivity within the healthcare system, but still, many experience several barriers while trying to approach these services. Thus, this review discusses the various reasons challenging access to mental health services from primary care in Saudi Arabia.
{"title":"Challenges and barriers in primary mental health services in Saudi Arabia: A narrative review","authors":"MahdiMohammed Alrajhi, SaadShebnan Alshahrani, MohammedAhmad Alshehri, FarisMazyaed Alotaibi, MayadaSaleh Altwerqe","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_54_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_54_23","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple individuals around the world endure diagnosed or undiagnosed mental health issues. There is a growing recognition of the significance of mental health as a primary cause of disability with substantial effects on daily functioning. Approximately 10% of those needing assistance or treatment obtain the required assistance. Primary healthcare centres are the backbone of any nation's healthcare system because they provide the primary access point to treatment, illness prevention and an enhanced quality of life. They have the potential to boost the level of quality and productivity within the healthcare system, but still, many experience several barriers while trying to approach these services. Thus, this review discusses the various reasons challenging access to mental health services from primary care in Saudi Arabia.","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135440545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_180_22
Namrata Dagli
{"title":"Application of metaverse and immersive technology in cancer care","authors":"Namrata Dagli","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_180_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_180_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"157 - 158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48553162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/aihb.aihb_107_22
Mushtahid Salam, R. Yousuf, Mushtahid Salam, Mainul Haque
{"title":"Physical activity: An effective way to enhance population well-being","authors":"Mushtahid Salam, R. Yousuf, Mushtahid Salam, Mainul Haque","doi":"10.4103/aihb.aihb_107_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/aihb.aihb_107_22","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7341,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Human Biology","volume":"13 1","pages":"151 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44571433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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