Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV), both enteric hepatitis viruses, are transmitted through the feco-oral route. These infections can range from asymptomatic or subclinical cases to acute viral hepatitis, occasionally leading to mortality. To gain an understanding of the disease and develop effective management strategies, comprehending the disease burden is essential. This study aimed to provide insights into the prevalence of enteric transmitted hepatitis viruses among individuals with acute hepatitis in the Delhi region. Methods: A retrospective investigation was conducted at a prominent tertiary care super specialty hospital in Delhi, spanning from February 2019 to December 2022. Serum samples from patients suspected of having hepatitis and sent for HAV and HEV testing were included. The samples underwent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect HAV and HEV immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibodies. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21, employing Chi-square and Fischer exact tests where applicable. Results: Throughout the study period, a total of 1275 samples were incorporated. Viral etiology was evident in 197 patients (15.45%). Among these, IgM HAV was identified in 142 patients (11.13%), and IgM HEV was present in 55 patients (4.31%). HAV infection was notably more prevalent in the pediatric age group (20.89% or 89/426; p<0.001), while HEV was significantly more common among adolescents and adults (5.77% or 49/849; p<0.001). Conclusions: Regular surveillance of enteric transmitted viruses causing hepatitis should encompass both hospital and community levels to accurately gauge disease burden and evolving epidemiology.
{"title":"Trends in seroprevalence of enteric transmitted hepatitis virus infections at a tertiary care hospital in Delhi: a 4-year review","authors":"Arpita Panda, Belinda Jothi J., Pooja Yadav, Shilpee Kumar","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233463","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV), both enteric hepatitis viruses, are transmitted through the feco-oral route. These infections can range from asymptomatic or subclinical cases to acute viral hepatitis, occasionally leading to mortality. To gain an understanding of the disease and develop effective management strategies, comprehending the disease burden is essential. This study aimed to provide insights into the prevalence of enteric transmitted hepatitis viruses among individuals with acute hepatitis in the Delhi region.\u0000Methods: A retrospective investigation was conducted at a prominent tertiary care super specialty hospital in Delhi, spanning from February 2019 to December 2022. Serum samples from patients suspected of having hepatitis and sent for HAV and HEV testing were included. The samples underwent enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect HAV and HEV immunoglobulin (Ig)M antibodies. Collected data was analyzed using SPSS software version 21, employing Chi-square and Fischer exact tests where applicable.\u0000Results: Throughout the study period, a total of 1275 samples were incorporated. Viral etiology was evident in 197 patients (15.45%). Among these, IgM HAV was identified in 142 patients (11.13%), and IgM HEV was present in 55 patients (4.31%). HAV infection was notably more prevalent in the pediatric age group (20.89% or 89/426; p<0.001), while HEV was significantly more common among adolescents and adults (5.77% or 49/849; p<0.001).\u0000Conclusions: Regular surveillance of enteric transmitted viruses causing hepatitis should encompass both hospital and community levels to accurately gauge disease burden and evolving epidemiology.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233420
Mesfer Abdullah Alqahtani, Shibli Sayeed, Mohammed Ali Marie, Bin Fardan Aedh Nasser, Al Dileelan Meshal Bin Ali, Al Anazi Maeedh Faraj, Al Anazi Basmah Dalli, Al Mutairi Munayfah Saadi, Ismail Ahmad Ismail
Background: Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a type of mood disorder, is defined by seasonal depressive symptoms that appear at a particular time of a year. Its burden in Saudi Arabia is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with seasonal depression among attendees of primary health care centres (PHC) in Eastern Riyadh. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the PHC of Eastern Riyadh. We systematically sampled participants attending the PHCs the required sample size was achieved. We measured seasonal depression and beliefs using the validated seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire (SPAQ) and seasonal beliefs questionnaire. We presented the mean and standard deviation (SD) of scores obtained and used Student’s t test ANOVA test to compare differences across explanatory variables. We demonstrated internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Among 232 participants, majority were aged 18-35 years (67.2%) and males (60.8%). The mean (SD) score on SPAQ was 1.00 (0.71) and that on the seasonal beliefs was 3.03 (0.69). With a cut-off of 11 on SPAQ, prevalence of SAD was found to be 33.5%. SPAQ score was significantly higher among younger ages, females, single/divorced, Saudis, those with secondary/lower level education and those who earn<50,000 Saudi Riyals (p<0.001). Seasonal beliefs score was significantly higher among younger ages (p=0.013) and Saudis (p=0.001). Both the scales used had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.901 for SPAQ and 0.847 for seasonal beliefs questionnaire). Conclusions: SAD was a prevalent mental health issue among primary care attendees in Eastern Riyadh. Screening for such conditions at the primary level among high-risk groups should be considered by family physicians.
{"title":"Prevalence of seasonal affective disorder among primary health care attendees in eastern Riyadh-a cross-sectional study","authors":"Mesfer Abdullah Alqahtani, Shibli Sayeed, Mohammed Ali Marie, Bin Fardan Aedh Nasser, Al Dileelan Meshal Bin Ali, Al Anazi Maeedh Faraj, Al Anazi Basmah Dalli, Al Mutairi Munayfah Saadi, Ismail Ahmad Ismail","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233420","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a type of mood disorder, is defined by seasonal depressive symptoms that appear at a particular time of a year. Its burden in Saudi Arabia is poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of and factors associated with seasonal depression among attendees of primary health care centres (PHC) in Eastern Riyadh. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the PHC of Eastern Riyadh. We systematically sampled participants attending the PHCs the required sample size was achieved. We measured seasonal depression and beliefs using the validated seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire (SPAQ) and seasonal beliefs questionnaire. We presented the mean and standard deviation (SD) of scores obtained and used Student’s t test ANOVA test to compare differences across explanatory variables. We demonstrated internal consistency using Cronbach’s alpha. Results: Among 232 participants, majority were aged 18-35 years (67.2%) and males (60.8%). The mean (SD) score on SPAQ was 1.00 (0.71) and that on the seasonal beliefs was 3.03 (0.69). With a cut-off of 11 on SPAQ, prevalence of SAD was found to be 33.5%. SPAQ score was significantly higher among younger ages, females, single/divorced, Saudis, those with secondary/lower level education and those who earn<50,000 Saudi Riyals (p<0.001). Seasonal beliefs score was significantly higher among younger ages (p=0.013) and Saudis (p=0.001). Both the scales used had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.901 for SPAQ and 0.847 for seasonal beliefs questionnaire). Conclusions: SAD was a prevalent mental health issue among primary care attendees in Eastern Riyadh. Screening for such conditions at the primary level among high-risk groups should be considered by family physicians.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"14 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Patient satisfaction is an important indicator to measure the quality of healthcare services and plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of health service delivery. The aim of the study was to assess the patient’s satisfaction level with the quality of health care delivered at the mobile medical clinics (MMC) in two districts of north Bengal, India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done using a purposive sampling method, and total of 294 samples were recruited. A questionnaire (PSQ-18) was used to assess the patient satisfaction level. Chi-square tests were used for categorical variables. F-test and t-test were used for mean differences between the variables. Linear regression analysis was done to examine the linear effect of social factors on patient satisfaction. Results: The present study shows that overall satisfaction was 74.04%, with a mean value of 3.702. In the Jalpaiguri district, 27.5% of patients are highly satisfied, whereas 17.0% are in Alipurduar. Alipurduar district has a higher low satisfaction rating (39.7%) than Jalpaiguri district (19.7%), and a district-wise significant association was found (p<0.001). Overall satisfaction level effects by occupation (p<0.001), population and socio economic status (p<0.05). Conclusions: Policymakers may consider that MMCs could be an effective strategy to improve primary health care in remote, underserved areas where there are no public health care facilities.
{"title":"Assessment of patients satisfaction with mobile medical clinics in the two districts of north Bengal, India","authors":"Biswajit Mahapatra, Syed Abdul Khader Moinudeen, Paramita Bhattacharya, Nirmalya Mukherjee, Denny John, Krishnamurthy Jayanna","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233453","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Patient satisfaction is an important indicator to measure the quality of healthcare services and plays a crucial role in enhancing the quality of health service delivery. The aim of the study was to assess the patient’s satisfaction level with the quality of health care delivered at the mobile medical clinics (MMC) in two districts of north Bengal, India. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was done using a purposive sampling method, and total of 294 samples were recruited. A questionnaire (PSQ-18) was used to assess the patient satisfaction level. Chi-square tests were used for categorical variables. F-test and t-test were used for mean differences between the variables. Linear regression analysis was done to examine the linear effect of social factors on patient satisfaction. Results: The present study shows that overall satisfaction was 74.04%, with a mean value of 3.702. In the Jalpaiguri district, 27.5% of patients are highly satisfied, whereas 17.0% are in Alipurduar. Alipurduar district has a higher low satisfaction rating (39.7%) than Jalpaiguri district (19.7%), and a district-wise significant association was found (p<0.001). Overall satisfaction level effects by occupation (p<0.001), population and socio economic status (p<0.05). Conclusions: Policymakers may consider that MMCs could be an effective strategy to improve primary health care in remote, underserved areas where there are no public health care facilities.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"230 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135870474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Anxiety and stress are notable health problems plaguing adolescents. Moreover, issues such as poor sleep quality and body image issues, common in adolescence, have also been linked to anxiety and stress previously. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted across 392 school going adolescents in Delhi NCR, India. Sociodemographic and lifestyle data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. DASS-21 was used to screen the participants for anxiety and stress, Pittsburgh sleep quality index for sleep quality, and Stunkard figure rating silhouette for body image issues. Data was entered into MS Excel spreadsheets and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version-25 was used for analysis. Results: 47.5% participants suffered from anxiety and 22.2% from stress. Anxiety was significantly associated with father’s education and occupation, stressful occurrences in the family, poor sleep quality and inadequate exercise. Stress was significantly higher in females and those with poor sleep quality. Conclusions: Anxiety and stress in adolescents show significant associations with familial and lifestyle factors. Identifying these risk factors can enable timely diagnosis and intervention.
背景:焦虑和压力是困扰青少年的显著健康问题。此外，睡眠质量差和身体形象问题等问题在青少年中很常见，此前也被认为与焦虑和压力有关。方法:对印度德里NCR地区392名在校青少年进行横断面研究。社会人口统计和生活方式数据是通过预先测试的半结构化问卷收集的。DASS-21用于筛选参与者的焦虑和压力，匹兹堡睡眠质量指数用于筛选睡眠质量，Stunkard身材评价轮廓用于筛选身体形象问题。数据输入MS Excel电子表格，使用Statistical Package for Social Sciences version-25进行分析。结果:47.5%的参与者有焦虑，22.2%的参与者有压力。焦虑与父亲的教育和职业、家庭压力事件、睡眠质量差和运动不足显著相关。女性和睡眠质量差的人的压力明显更高。结论:青少年焦虑和压力与家庭和生活方式因素有显著相关性。确定这些危险因素可以使诊断和干预变得及时。
{"title":"Prevalence and correlates of anxiety and stress in school going adolescents in Delhi national capital region: a cross sectional study","authors":"Tejasvini Khanna, Bratati Banerjee, Madan Mohan Majhi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233454","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anxiety and stress are notable health problems plaguing adolescents. Moreover, issues such as poor sleep quality and body image issues, common in adolescence, have also been linked to anxiety and stress previously. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted across 392 school going adolescents in Delhi NCR, India. Sociodemographic and lifestyle data was collected using a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire. DASS-21 was used to screen the participants for anxiety and stress, Pittsburgh sleep quality index for sleep quality, and Stunkard figure rating silhouette for body image issues. Data was entered into MS Excel spreadsheets and Statistical Package for Social Sciences version-25 was used for analysis. Results: 47.5% participants suffered from anxiety and 22.2% from stress. Anxiety was significantly associated with father’s education and occupation, stressful occurrences in the family, poor sleep quality and inadequate exercise. Stress was significantly higher in females and those with poor sleep quality. Conclusions: Anxiety and stress in adolescents show significant associations with familial and lifestyle factors. Identifying these risk factors can enable timely diagnosis and intervention.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233441
Bratati Banerjee
Background: Childhood injury constitutes a grave public health problem. Most of the unintentional injuries and their consequences are preventable. Present study highlights the dynamics related to major injuries in children. Methods: This is part of a prospective research conducted over 16 months, on 397 children and adolescents of rural Delhi. Present report includes those with major injuries. Data was collected by in-depth interview of subjects with major injuries, and their guardians. Results: Five major injuries occurred during study period. Thus incidence of major injuries was 1.26/100 children/year and proportion of major injuries out of total injury events was 2.89%. There was no fatality or disability. Socio-demographic risk score was high for 4 out of the 5 children. All subjects were adolescents, of whom 3 were boys and 2 girls. All injuries were of locomotor system, with two cases having multiple glass-cut injuries in addition. All injury events had occurred when subjects were away from home, of which three occurred on road, due to unclean surroundings in one case and two by motor vehicle accidents due to inexperienced drivers, of less than legal age for driving, and on alcohol. Treatment was taken from secondary care hospitals by all injured subjects. Mean cost of treatment was Rs.5,009/-, with total out-of-pocket expenditure being Rs.7,212/- (mean=Rs.2,404/-). Mean time to recovery was a little over 1 month (32 days). Conclusions: All the major injuries that occurred in the study population could have been prevented by taking responsibility at various levels.
{"title":"A qualitative study to assess dynamics of major injuries in children and adolescents of a rural area of Delhi","authors":"Bratati Banerjee","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233441","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Childhood injury constitutes a grave public health problem. Most of the unintentional injuries and their consequences are preventable. Present study highlights the dynamics related to major injuries in children. Methods: This is part of a prospective research conducted over 16 months, on 397 children and adolescents of rural Delhi. Present report includes those with major injuries. Data was collected by in-depth interview of subjects with major injuries, and their guardians. Results: Five major injuries occurred during study period. Thus incidence of major injuries was 1.26/100 children/year and proportion of major injuries out of total injury events was 2.89%. There was no fatality or disability. Socio-demographic risk score was high for 4 out of the 5 children. All subjects were adolescents, of whom 3 were boys and 2 girls. All injuries were of locomotor system, with two cases having multiple glass-cut injuries in addition. All injury events had occurred when subjects were away from home, of which three occurred on road, due to unclean surroundings in one case and two by motor vehicle accidents due to inexperienced drivers, of less than legal age for driving, and on alcohol. Treatment was taken from secondary care hospitals by all injured subjects. Mean cost of treatment was Rs.5,009/-, with total out-of-pocket expenditure being Rs.7,212/- (mean=Rs.2,404/-). Mean time to recovery was a little over 1 month (32 days). Conclusions: All the major injuries that occurred in the study population could have been prevented by taking responsibility at various levels.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"6 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Community health workers (CHWs) have been identified as effective workforce that can improve access to primary health care particularly for underserved and hard to reach populations. The contributions of CHWs have not been limited to low-income countries. More recently, the use of CHWs has attracted attention in some high-income countries where despite more developed health systems there are large inequities in healthcare access and outcomes amongst different population groups. Belize is an upper middle-income country located in Central America and its health system is based on a primary health care model with community health workers actively involved in health service delivery. A descriptive study through review of grey literature detailing the process for strengthening the community health worker program in the country using the Community Health Worker Assessment and Improvement Matrix (CHW AIM) tool. The results were thematically analysed based on Community Health Worker Assessment and Improvement Matrix (CHW AIM) conceptual framework on factors influencing the performance of community health worker program. Community health workers in Belize are recognized as part of the formal health system with policy and strategy in place that define their roles, tasks, relationship to the health system. They are provided with monthly financial incentives, opportunities for further studies, career advancement and employment opportunities within the health system. The study contributes to the existing literature on strengthening of community health worker program to enhance the primary health care system and build a more resilient health system for better preparedness and response for future pandemics with focus on an upper middle income country.
{"title":"Strengthening community health worker program in Belize","authors":"Olusola Oladeji, Natalia Largaespada Beer, Angella Edith Baitwabusa, Kathleen Azueta Cho","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233488","url":null,"abstract":"Community health workers (CHWs) have been identified as effective workforce that can improve access to primary health care particularly for underserved and hard to reach populations. The contributions of CHWs have not been limited to low-income countries. More recently, the use of CHWs has attracted attention in some high-income countries where despite more developed health systems there are large inequities in healthcare access and outcomes amongst different population groups. Belize is an upper middle-income country located in Central America and its health system is based on a primary health care model with community health workers actively involved in health service delivery. A descriptive study through review of grey literature detailing the process for strengthening the community health worker program in the country using the Community Health Worker Assessment and Improvement Matrix (CHW AIM) tool. The results were thematically analysed based on Community Health Worker Assessment and Improvement Matrix (CHW AIM) conceptual framework on factors influencing the performance of community health worker program. Community health workers in Belize are recognized as part of the formal health system with policy and strategy in place that define their roles, tasks, relationship to the health system. They are provided with monthly financial incentives, opportunities for further studies, career advancement and employment opportunities within the health system. The study contributes to the existing literature on strengthening of community health worker program to enhance the primary health care system and build a more resilient health system for better preparedness and response for future pandemics with focus on an upper middle income country.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135871478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Isolated medial longitudinal fasciculus infarct is rare and can also be associated with cranial nerve nuclei or extra-nuclear regions leading to respective neurological deficit. We report a case of 73-year-old woman presenting with a 24 hour of confusion, abnormal eye movement and unsteady gait on a background history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension and Alzheimer’s disease. Her examination found to have dysdiadokinesia in left upper limb and inability to adduct right eyeball on left lateral gaze, without affecting the pupil. She was not oriented to time and place while before this event she could. Her examination found to have normal power in limbs and sensation. Her computed tomography (CT) brain showed no evidence of acute infarction or intracranial bleed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain demonstrated acute lacunar infarct involving the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus. This case demonstrates rare brainstem infarct affecting medial longitudinal fasciculus region below the IIIrd cranial nerve nucleus giving features of internuclear ophthalmoplegia affecting medial rectus muscle without affecting autonomic fibres of IIIrd cranial nerve due to which the pupil is not affected. We recommend strict control of predisposing conditions, mainly diabetes and hypertension to reduce the incidence of brainstem stroke.
{"title":"A rare case report: isolated midbrain lacunar infarct affecting the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus causing internuclear ophthalmoplegia effect","authors":"Sanaulla Sheik, Maktoum Azeez, Biju Gafoor, Jouhar Kolleri","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233491","url":null,"abstract":"Isolated medial longitudinal fasciculus infarct is rare and can also be associated with cranial nerve nuclei or extra-nuclear regions leading to respective neurological deficit. We report a case of 73-year-old woman presenting with a 24 hour of confusion, abnormal eye movement and unsteady gait on a background history of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension and Alzheimer’s disease. Her examination found to have dysdiadokinesia in left upper limb and inability to adduct right eyeball on left lateral gaze, without affecting the pupil. She was not oriented to time and place while before this event she could. Her examination found to have normal power in limbs and sensation. Her computed tomography (CT) brain showed no evidence of acute infarction or intracranial bleed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain demonstrated acute lacunar infarct involving the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus. This case demonstrates rare brainstem infarct affecting medial longitudinal fasciculus region below the IIIrd cranial nerve nucleus giving features of internuclear ophthalmoplegia affecting medial rectus muscle without affecting autonomic fibres of IIIrd cranial nerve due to which the pupil is not affected. We recommend strict control of predisposing conditions, mainly diabetes and hypertension to reduce the incidence of brainstem stroke.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135872483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233423
Ayman M. El-Alashkar, Abdullah A. Hashish, Adel Aboregela, Hany Sonpol, Ashraf Salah Metwally, Ahmed Sinbel, Abdullah M. Al-Shahrani
Background: Students’ approaches to learning are central to the process of learning. There is strong debate about the efficiency of traditional learning programs (TLP) and integrated learning programs (ILP) in medical schools. TLP is easy for the students being passive learners and for the tutors playing the role of sage on the stage. ILP is mainly student-centered. It is essential to know the perspectives of medical school students about both programs as they used to apply TLP in the 1st year and started ILP in the 2nd year. Methods: This study adopted a quantitative research methodology. We addressed the 3rd-year medical students at the College of Medicine, University of Bisha, KSA. An online survey using Google forms was applied for data collection. The study was performed from August 2019 to June 2021. Results: Agreement with the integrated program (80.8%) exceeded the traditional (48.5%) especially in improving communication skills, dealing with new technologies, reinforcement of competencies in the research field, and to lesser extent for its suitability to be applied in medical schools nowadays, development of desired doctor skills to deal with patients and for provision of good approach for medical practice, and lastly for its suitability to identify and deal with the community needs. There was no statistical significance between the 2 programs regarding support of professionalism values. The disagreement of ILP (19.2%) was much lower than TLP (51.5%). Conclusions: Integrated learning program becomes an innovative tool for learning in medical schools with excellent compliance among medical students.
{"title":"Medical students’ perspectives about traditional and integrated learning programs at University of Bisha, Saudi Arabia","authors":"Ayman M. El-Alashkar, Abdullah A. Hashish, Adel Aboregela, Hany Sonpol, Ashraf Salah Metwally, Ahmed Sinbel, Abdullah M. Al-Shahrani","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233423","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Students’ approaches to learning are central to the process of learning. There is strong debate about the efficiency of traditional learning programs (TLP) and integrated learning programs (ILP) in medical schools. TLP is easy for the students being passive learners and for the tutors playing the role of sage on the stage. ILP is mainly student-centered. It is essential to know the perspectives of medical school students about both programs as they used to apply TLP in the 1st year and started ILP in the 2nd year. Methods: This study adopted a quantitative research methodology. We addressed the 3rd-year medical students at the College of Medicine, University of Bisha, KSA. An online survey using Google forms was applied for data collection. The study was performed from August 2019 to June 2021. Results: Agreement with the integrated program (80.8%) exceeded the traditional (48.5%) especially in improving communication skills, dealing with new technologies, reinforcement of competencies in the research field, and to lesser extent for its suitability to be applied in medical schools nowadays, development of desired doctor skills to deal with patients and for provision of good approach for medical practice, and lastly for its suitability to identify and deal with the community needs. There was no statistical significance between the 2 programs regarding support of professionalism values. The disagreement of ILP (19.2%) was much lower than TLP (51.5%). Conclusions: Integrated learning program becomes an innovative tool for learning in medical schools with excellent compliance among medical students.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"2015 34","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233459
Meshach M. Wambua, Jackline M. Nyaberi, Francis W. Muregi
Background: Globally, diseases that can be prevented through immunization claim the lives of more than 3 million individuals in the population, 1.5 million of whom are typically children under the age of five. Furthermore, vaccine-preventable diseases are to blame for about 3.5 million with disability worldwide. Only 86% of children worldwide have had vaccinations, making millions of youngsters susceptible to diseases that can be treated or prevented by administering vaccines. Immunization is the only effective way to prevent or treat certain disorders. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Semi-structured questionnaires given by interviewers to mothers and other caretakers in particular households were used to gather the necessary data. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select the questionnaire respondents the study area, a sample size of 384 eligible participants was used to collect quantitative data. Results: The study’s findings showed that Makueni county had an 82% vaccination coverage rate. This was a sign that the county had fallen short of the goal set by the WHO. From the inferential statistics analysis, there were significant association between vaccine uptake and immunization in all the four objectives examined i.e., p≤0.05. Conclusions: The study established that immunization coverage is high for children 23 months and below in Makueni County, with socio-demographic characteristics being the most important factor. It is advised that additional efforts be made to increase the uptake of immunization services. Along with improving their knowledge of child immunization, prenatal clinics should focus on improving the mothers’ health-seeking behaviour.
{"title":"Determinants of immunization coverage among children aged between 12-23 months in Makueni County, Kenya","authors":"Meshach M. Wambua, Jackline M. Nyaberi, Francis W. Muregi","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233459","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Globally, diseases that can be prevented through immunization claim the lives of more than 3 million individuals in the population, 1.5 million of whom are typically children under the age of five. Furthermore, vaccine-preventable diseases are to blame for about 3.5 million with disability worldwide. Only 86% of children worldwide have had vaccinations, making millions of youngsters susceptible to diseases that can be treated or prevented by administering vaccines. Immunization is the only effective way to prevent or treat certain disorders. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional design was used. Semi-structured questionnaires given by interviewers to mothers and other caretakers in particular households were used to gather the necessary data. Multi-stage sampling technique was employed to select the questionnaire respondents the study area, a sample size of 384 eligible participants was used to collect quantitative data. Results: The study’s findings showed that Makueni county had an 82% vaccination coverage rate. This was a sign that the county had fallen short of the goal set by the WHO. From the inferential statistics analysis, there were significant association between vaccine uptake and immunization in all the four objectives examined i.e., p≤0.05. Conclusions: The study established that immunization coverage is high for children 23 months and below in Makueni County, with socio-demographic characteristics being the most important factor. It is advised that additional efforts be made to increase the uptake of immunization services. Along with improving their knowledge of child immunization, prenatal clinics should focus on improving the mothers’ health-seeking behaviour.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"2004 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135813396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233481
K. T. Rabeensa, Swapna Jaswanth, Shashikala M., Chandrakala C.
Background: Nutritional support plays an important role in the management of tuberculosis. To reduce malnutrition among those suffering from TB, the government of India started the Nikshay Poshan Yojana in 2018, offering a monthly incentive of INR 500 to each patient enrolled under the programme. Objective was to assess the utilization of financial benefits among tuberculosis patients registered under the scheme Nikshay Poshan Yojana. Methods: Descriptive study was conducted among 137 tuberculosis patients registered under Nikshay portal of designated microscopy center (DMC). Interview was conducted and obtained necessary information. Results: Among 116 responded tuberculosis patents, 83 (71.5%) received full and partly incentives throughout the course of treatment, among the beneficiary 61 (71.5%) were using their incentives for nutritional purpose. Conclusions: Beneficiaries under Nikshay Poshan Yojana received incentives but not on timely basis.
{"title":"Utilization of Nikshay Poshan Yojana scheme among tuberculosis patients registered in a designated microscopy center, Bangalore","authors":"K. T. Rabeensa, Swapna Jaswanth, Shashikala M., Chandrakala C.","doi":"10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233481","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Nutritional support plays an important role in the management of tuberculosis. To reduce malnutrition among those suffering from TB, the government of India started the Nikshay Poshan Yojana in 2018, offering a monthly incentive of INR 500 to each patient enrolled under the programme. Objective was to assess the utilization of financial benefits among tuberculosis patients registered under the scheme Nikshay Poshan Yojana. Methods: Descriptive study was conducted among 137 tuberculosis patients registered under Nikshay portal of designated microscopy center (DMC). Interview was conducted and obtained necessary information. Results: Among 116 responded tuberculosis patents, 83 (71.5%) received full and partly incentives throughout the course of treatment, among the beneficiary 61 (71.5%) were using their incentives for nutritional purpose. Conclusions: Beneficiaries under Nikshay Poshan Yojana received incentives but not on timely basis.","PeriodicalId":73438,"journal":{"name":"International journal of community medicine and public health","volume":"13 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135869806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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