Journal of lifestyle medicine最新文献

Background: Achilles tendinitis is one of the commonest injuries that happen to skaters. Roller skates traditionally have four wheels onto axles, one under the ball of the foot and one under the heel. Skaters have to maintain a closed kinematics chain which involves continuous trunk and hip flexion along with knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion. It creates angular tension and strain in the muscles and tendons which can lead to different types of musculotendinous injuries. As not many studies has not been done on the prospect in India this study was done with a objective to compare the effect eccentric exercise and isometric exercise on Achilles tendinitis for skaters.

Methods: A Quasi-experimental study with 40 subjects of the age group between 15 and 25 was administered the VISA-A Questionnaire and VAS as outcome measures. A sample size of 40 was separated into two groups of 20 participants each into Group A (eccentric) and Group B (isometric). Pre-test and post-test were done using the VISA-A questionnaire and VAS Scale in the Study period- 4 weeks.

Results: There was a significant difference during the comparison between pre-test and post-test values (p < 0.005) of isometric exercise and eccentric exercise by VISA-A questionnaire and VAS scale but there was insignificance during the comparison of post-test values (p > 0.005) of the same.

Conclusion: The study concludes that there is a significant improvement in Achilles tendinitis when assessed with VISA-A questionnaire and VAS Scale for both the exercise; that is, eccentric and isometric, individually but it isn't statistically significant enough to choose one method of intervention over the other.

Background: Healthy lifestyle behaviors have given emphasis as an important characteristic in health promotion and to prevent diseases. Individuals who practiced healthy lifestyle behaviors in the early stage of life can withstand health risks in later life. To this end, researchers conducted a healthy lifestyle assessment as the initial step in school-based programs promoting healthy lifestyle and wellness among high school students. The aim of this study was to determine the lifestyle status among students and further assess lifestyle components that could affect them.

Methods: Data were collected from 380 high school students from grades eighth (n = 192) and tenth (n = 188). The Healthy Lifestyle Screen (HLS) was utilized to assess the lifestyle condition of the subjects of this study and it has components consisting dietary behavior, exercise or physical activity, water intake, sunshine exposure, temperance or self-control, quality of air, quality of rest or sleep, trust of which the higher score denotes healthier lifestyle.

Results: The results showed that respondents of the study are in the unstable lifestyle status as they obtained low mean sub-scale scores on lifestyle components such as water, rest and exercise. Lifestyle components included in HLS showed significant differences comprising the physical/mental, behavioral and environmental aspects (p < 0.001) associated with the general characteristics of the high school students.

Conclusion: Findings of this study showed the necessity in assessing the lifestyle status as an initial step for promoting, maintaining and establishing a well-balanced life and preventing the increase of health-risk behaviors and thus, highlighted the need of transforming healthy lifestyle behaviors among students through school-based intervention programs.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders are mainly caused due to static work which includes sitting and standing for a prolonged time and sedentary unhealthy lifestyle lead to physical related health problems and may affect one's psychosocial, physical and mental health. The purpose of the study is find out the prevalence of work related psychological and musculoskeletal problems among business process outsourcing workers.

Methods: An observational study in which 100 participants were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria with 50 males and 50 females. Participants with age of 20-35 years and minimum 1 year of work experience with alternative working shifts were selected for the study. Stress and burnout questionnaire, Cornell musculoskeletal discomfort questionnaire and body mass index calculator were used as an outcome measure in the study.

Results: Musculoskeletal problem was higher in neck region and wrist region and 2% participants had burnout stress syndrome.

Conclusion: High prevalence of musculoskeletal disorder found over neck region, hip/buttocks, wrist and low back and 2% of the population had burnout stress syndrome and no significance correlating body mass index and musculoskeletal disorder.

Background: The present experiments evaluated the effects of acute high-intensity resistance exercise on episodic memory.

Methods: Two experiments were conducted. For Experiment 1, participants (N = 40; M_age = 21.0 years) were randomized into one of two groups, including an experimental exercise group and a control group (seated for 20 min). The experimental group engaged in an acute bout of resistance exercises (circuit style exercises) for 15 minutes, followed by a 5-min recovery period. Memory function was subsequently assessed using a multiple trial (immediate and delay), word-list episodic memory task (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, RAVLT), and then followed by a comprehensive, computerized assessment of episodic memory (Treasure Hunt task, THT). The THT involved a spatio-temporal assessment of what, where, and when components of episodic memory. Experiment 2 evaluated if altering the recovery period would influence the potential negative effects of high-intensity resistance exercise on episodic memory function. For Experiment 2, participants (N = 51) were randomized into the same acute resistance exercise protocol but either with a 10-min recovery period, 20-min recovery period, or a control group.

Results: For Experiment 1, for RAVLT, the exercise group performed worse (F_{group × time} = 3.7, p = .001, η ²p = .09). Across nearly all THT outcomes, the exercise group had worse spatio-temporal memory than the control group. These results suggest that high-intensity resistance exercise (with a 5-min recovery) may have a detrimental effect on episodic memory function. For Experiment 2, for RAVLT, the exercise with 10-min recovery group performed better (F_{group × time} = 3.1, p = .04, η ²p = .11). Unlike Experiment 1, exercise did not impair spatio-temporal memory, with the 20-min exercise recovery group having the best "where" component of episodic memory.

Conclusion: Collectively, the results from these two experiments suggest that acute high-intensity resistance exercise may impair episodic memory when a short exercise recovery period (e.g., 5-min) is employed, but with a longer recovery period (10+ min), acute high-intensity resistance exercise may, potentially, enhance episodic memory.

Diabetes mellitus is one of the most concerning non-communicable diseases worldwide. The prevalence of diabetes increased rapidly by the influence of socioeconomic interactions. The thrifty hypothesis postulates that certain genes that are involved in positive selection promote efficient fat deposition and storage. This is beneficial for the survival of mankind in adverse conditions. However, in this modern society, these genes have become disadvantageous as people are significantly less likely to experience famines and nutrition shortages. The socioeconomic development that has occurred during the 20th century induced abundance of food supplies in almost all regions of the world. This has led to a rapid rise in the prevalence of obesity, and type 2 diabetes as a consequence. Boom of diabetic pandemic in newly developed countries compare with others those who developed gradually can be explain by thrifty hypothesis, as a result of the difference in the exposure to environmental factors and famine by the ancestors leads. The globalization, urbanization, lack of physical activity, intake of high calorie food and migration is major cause of pandemic emergence of diabetes in high as well as middle and low-income countries.

Background: A need exists for a population-based evaluation of muscular strength in terms of its association with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in males. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between grip strength and HRQOL in a representative sample of U.S. men.

Methods: This study used data from adult males 20+ years of age participating in the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Grip strength (kg) was measured in both hands using a handgrip dynamometer. HRQOL was assessed by a single question asking participants to rate their general health. Additionally, measures of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (PA), body mass index, waist circumference, TV time, sedentary time, and smoking were assessed. Multiple linear regression modeling for complex samples was used to examine the effect of HRQOL on grip strength while controlling for confounding variables.

Results: Overall, males with good HRQOL (Mean = 47.5 kg, SE = 0.31) had significantly greater grip strength than males with poor HRQOL (Mean = 44.5 kg, SE = 0.51, p < 0.001). In fully adjusted models, males with good HRQOL had greater grip strength (slope = 2.5 kg, SE = 0.57, p = 0.001) than their poor HRQOL counterparts. Additionally, HRQOL was a significant predictor of grip strength in male adults who did not meet PA guidelines but not in those who did meet PA guidelines.

Conclusion: Results from this study indicate that muscular strength and HRQOL are related in U.S. men. Furthermore, the muscular strength and HRQOL relationship appears to remain in adult males who do not meet PA guidelines.

Background: Master Health Checkup (MHC) is a battery of tests done to detect and identify Non Communicable Diseases (NCDs) early. But it should also be noted that some tests in MHC have no known benefits for otherwise healthy adults. This study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of MHC in a hospital based setting.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 337 subjects aged 18 years and above who attended the MHC Clinic during the study period. They were subjected to interview and various biochemical investigations to estimate the number of newly diagnosed, clinically relevant abnormalities among apparently normal adults using standard guidelines. Categorical data summarized as frequencies with percentages. Chi-square test was used to compare proportions.

Results: Among the 337 participants, 244 were apparently normal with a gender distribution as 109 (44.7%) males and 135 (55.3%) females. The study was able to newly detect 12.3% with Type 2 diabetes, 37.7% in pre-diabetic stage, 54.1% with anaemia, 42.2% with dyslipidemia, 11.5% with hypothyroidism, 27% with liver disorders and 6.5% with renal disorders, about which the participants were unaware of. Females also had statistically significant association with dyslipidaemia and hypothyroidism compared to males with a p-value of 0.004, 0.026 respectively. Apparently normal participants aged > 35 years had strong statistical association with diabetic status and dyslipidemia compared to those aged between 18 - 35 years (p-value 0.001).

Conclusion: Based on the results from the study it is evident that a significant number of NCDs were newly identified by Master Health checkup (MHC).

Background: Lifestyle is a general way of living, which is based on the interplay between living conditions, and individual patterns of behavior as determined by socio-cultural factors, and personal characteristics. There is a paucity of studies assessing the role of various factors, including lifestyle, on the dental health behavior. The present study aims to determine the factors that influence the dental health behavior among a subgroup of adult patients attending a tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaires were distributed to a convenient sample of 300 individuals, which gathered information on the socio-demographic data, lifestyle and dental health behaviors. Bivariate analyses were used to explore the associations between each of the covariates and p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Multivariate logistic regression model was built using backward stepwise method for the dependent variable 'dental behavior'.

Results: Of the 300 questionnaires that were distributed, 279 were returned completed (response rate = 93%). The majority of our samples were Saudis (73.1%) and females (54.1%), with more than half the respondents having completed baccalaureate degree (55.2%) and about a quarter with either Masters or PhD. The mean age ± SD of the respondents was 35 ± 9.1 and the median age of '32 years' was used to categorize the age (≤32 and > 32). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that gender (OR^a = 2.84; 95% CI: 1.63-4.95), age (OR^a = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.3-0.87) and lifestyle (OR^a = 1.4; 95% CI: 1.18-1.68) were independently associated with dental behavior after adjusting for all the other variables. Age, gender and nationality were also found to be significantly associated with lifestyle (p < 0.01).

Conclusion: Older adults, women and individuals with a healthy lifestyle were found to be significantly associated with positive dental behaviors.

Background: The Wingate anaerobic test (WAT) is traditionally performed in the forward pedaling direction on a cycle ergometer. However, reverse (backward) pedaling during a WAT test may be a novel way to convey meaningful information related to performance and rehabilitation. This study compared peak power measurements between 30-second forward pedaling WAT (FWAT) with a 30-second reverse pedaling WAT (RWAT).

Methods: 10 male and 10 female participants (age 27.6 ± 7.31 yrs, mass 74.9 ± 21.3 kg and height 172.6 ± 10.9 cm) volunteered to participate. Participants performed one FWAT and one RWAT at 7.5% of body mass on a specially modified Monark cycle ergometer. Tests were separated 2 days of rest. Peak power output (PPO), mean power output (MPO), relative PPO (RPPO), relative MPO (RMPO), fatigue index (%FI), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured.

Results: The FWAT power measurements were all significantly greater (p < 0.05) than RWAT power measurements except MPO (p > 0.05); and that RPE was significantly greater (p < 0.05) in FWAT than RWAT. Specifically, FWAT vs. RWAT (M ± SD) are as follows: PPO watts (w) = 731.7 ± 237.1 vs. 529.6 ± 192.2; RPPO w/kg = 10.2 ± 2.3 vs. 7.2 ± 1.6; MPO w = 510.2 ± 162.1 vs. 415.1 ± 146.2; RMPO w/kg = 7.3 ± 1.5 vs. 5.8 ± 1.3; %FI = 49.2 ± 8.7 vs. 37.4 ± 13.7; and RPE = 19.4 ± 1.1 vs. 15.8 ± 1.5. Gender did not impact the relative differences in these relationships.

Conclusion: Practitioners and clinicians may use this information to begin to understand the power and perceived exertion relationships of forward versus reverse pedaling during a WAT; exercise prescription for rehabilitation and performance may benefit.