We organized a large-scale pilot on gypsum amendment of arable fields in southwest Finland, along the River Savijoki to examine its effects on phosphorus loads and aquatic environment, and to assess its feasibility as a water protection measure. This paper reports findings on the feasibility aspects of gypsum amendment covering logistics and costs of spreading, abatement potential and farmers’ experience. We found that farmers perceived gypsum amendment positively and the costs of reducing phosphorus are low relative to other measures available in agriculture. Gypsum amendment suits well to 0.5 million hectares of arable land in southern Finland. Gypsum could potentially contribute considerably to the achievement of phosphorus reduction targets of the Baltic Sea Action Plan if applied in all countries having clay soils.
{"title":"Gypsum amendment of arable fields as a water protection measure – farmers’ experience, phosphorus reduction potential and associated costs drawn from a large scale pilot","authors":"M. Ollikainen, A. Kosenius, Eliisa Punttila, Venla Ala-Harja, Samuli Puroila, Antti Iho, P. Ekholm","doi":"10.23986/afsci.88902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.88902","url":null,"abstract":"We organized a large-scale pilot on gypsum amendment of arable fields in southwest Finland, along the River Savijoki to examine its effects on phosphorus loads and aquatic environment, and to assess its feasibility as a water protection measure. This paper reports findings on the feasibility aspects of gypsum amendment covering logistics and costs of spreading, abatement potential and farmers’ experience. We found that farmers perceived gypsum amendment positively and the costs of reducing phosphorus are low relative to other measures available in agriculture. Gypsum amendment suits well to 0.5 million hectares of arable land in southern Finland. Gypsum could potentially contribute considerably to the achievement of phosphorus reduction targets of the Baltic Sea Action Plan if applied in all countries having clay soils.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76737705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this research was to study apple cultivars obtained from Luke (previously MTT Piikkiö, Finland) in order to have good candidates for breeding within the central zone of Russia. The studies were carried out in accordance with the methods of cultivar study and artificial freezing by modeling damaging factors using a freezing chamber. The assessment of the cultivars by yield, commodity and consumer qualities of fruit, resistance to adverse abiotic factors of the winter period is given. The ‘Vuokko’ cultivar was identified with a yield significantly higher than Antonovka. By modeling winter damage factors, ‘Sandra’, ‘Samo’ and ‘Make’ cultivars were identified with the resistance of the cambium and wood at the level of ‘Antonovka’, when the temperature in the of mid-winter dropped to –40 °C after hardening off, with the ability to keep the frost resistance at –25 °C after thaw and ability to restore the hardy state by lowering the temperature to –30 °C after thaw and re-hardening off. Cultivars ‘Sandra’, ‘Samo’ and ‘Make’ are recommended for creating new hardy cultivars with high-quality fruits for the temperate continental climate of Europe.
{"title":"Evaluation of Finnish apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh.)","authors":"N. Krasova, Z. Ozherelieva, A. Galasheva","doi":"10.23986/afsci.91504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.91504","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this research was to study apple cultivars obtained from Luke (previously MTT Piikkiö, Finland) in order to have good candidates for breeding within the central zone of Russia. The studies were carried out in accordance with the methods of cultivar study and artificial freezing by modeling damaging factors using a freezing chamber. The assessment of the cultivars by yield, commodity and consumer qualities of fruit, resistance to adverse abiotic factors of the winter period is given. The ‘Vuokko’ cultivar was identified with a yield significantly higher than Antonovka. By modeling winter damage factors, ‘Sandra’, ‘Samo’ and ‘Make’ cultivars were identified with the resistance of the cambium and wood at the level of ‘Antonovka’, when the temperature in the of mid-winter dropped to –40 °C after hardening off, with the ability to keep the frost resistance at –25 °C after thaw and ability to restore the hardy state by lowering the temperature to –30 °C after thaw and re-hardening off. Cultivars ‘Sandra’, ‘Samo’ and ‘Make’ are recommended for creating new hardy cultivars with high-quality fruits for the temperate continental climate of Europe.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89874249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Interest in using recycled manure solids (RMS) as a bedding material for dairy cattle is increasing, but suitable information for Nordic housing conditions is scarce. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of RMS bedding on dairy cow welfare compared to peat bedding commonly used in Finland. We conducted a 2 × 3-month cross-over study with two groups of 24 lactating dairy cows, where first three months one group was housed with RMS-bedding and the other group with peat-bedding and then vice versa for the next three months. We followed integument alterations, cleanliness of the animals and udder health fortnightly. With RMS bedding cows had less severe integument alterations in tarsal joints (p=0.0031) and their udders were cleaner (p=0.0109) compared to peat. Somatic cell count did not differ between bedding materials, but link between RMS bedding and the small number of cases of clinical mastitis cannot be ruled out. Based on this study, RMS could provide an economical and renewable bedding source for Nordic dairy farms, with no major effects on animal welfare.
{"title":"Recycled manure solids as a bedding material: Udder health, cleanliness and integument alterations of dairy cows in mattress stalls","authors":"L. Frondelius, H. Lindeberg, M. Pastell","doi":"10.23986/afsci.95603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.95603","url":null,"abstract":"Interest in using recycled manure solids (RMS) as a bedding material for dairy cattle is increasing, but suitable information for Nordic housing conditions is scarce. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of RMS bedding on dairy cow welfare compared to peat bedding commonly used in Finland. We conducted a 2 × 3-month cross-over study with two groups of 24 lactating dairy cows, where first three months one group was housed with RMS-bedding and the other group with peat-bedding and then vice versa for the next three months. We followed integument alterations, cleanliness of the animals and udder health fortnightly. With RMS bedding cows had less severe integument alterations in tarsal joints (p=0.0031) and their udders were cleaner (p=0.0109) compared to peat. Somatic cell count did not differ between bedding materials, but link between RMS bedding and the small number of cases of clinical mastitis cannot be ruled out. Based on this study, RMS could provide an economical and renewable bedding source for Nordic dairy farms, with no major effects on animal welfare.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89855307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The history of agriculture gives evidence that hemp have been cultivated by farmers near the northern border of agriculture for seed and oil. Nowadays, hemp is a focus of interest as a source of prebiotics and functional food ingredients. This study was aimed at the evaluation of physiologically active metabolomic compounds in the seed of thirty-three Cannabis spp. accessions, representing industrial dual-purpose (fiber and seed), universal, breeding materials used for food, ruderal and recreational landraces grown the Northwest of Russia. Amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, polyhydric alcohols, phytosterols and phytol in seeds were measured. The maximum of linoleic acid reached 4379.41 mg 100 g-1, linolenic acid 427.72, oleic acid 1711.19, polysaccharides 13111.28, polyhydric alcohols 2138.38, and sitosterol 79.36. Ruderal hemp was found abundant in phytol (3.46 mg 100 g-1). The food seed/oil material contained the maximum of campesterol and sitosterol. The evaluated hemp accessions may be used as sources of physiologically active and safe ingredients of healthy food and phytosterols as well as in breeding programs to develop hempseed cultivars.
{"title":"Hempseeds (Cannabis spp.) as a source of functional food ingredients, prebiotics and phytosterols","authors":"S. Grigoriev, K. Illarionova, T. Shelenga","doi":"10.23986/afsci.95620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.95620","url":null,"abstract":"The history of agriculture gives evidence that hemp have been cultivated by farmers near the northern border of agriculture for seed and oil. Nowadays, hemp is a focus of interest as a source of prebiotics and functional food ingredients. This study was aimed at the evaluation of physiologically active metabolomic compounds in the seed of thirty-three Cannabis spp. accessions, representing industrial dual-purpose (fiber and seed), universal, breeding materials used for food, ruderal and recreational landraces grown the Northwest of Russia. Amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids, polysaccharides, polyhydric alcohols, phytosterols and phytol in seeds were measured. The maximum of linoleic acid reached 4379.41 mg 100 g-1, linolenic acid 427.72, oleic acid 1711.19, polysaccharides 13111.28, polyhydric alcohols 2138.38, and sitosterol 79.36. Ruderal hemp was found abundant in phytol (3.46 mg 100 g-1). The food seed/oil material contained the maximum of campesterol and sitosterol. The evaluated hemp accessions may be used as sources of physiologically active and safe ingredients of healthy food and phytosterols as well as in breeding programs to develop hempseed cultivars.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79646721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Optimal seed yield and quality requires that the sulphur (S) demand of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is ensured. The effect of S fertilization on organic cultivated faba bean was investigated under field conditions during two growing seasons (2017–2018), in Sweden. Kieserite (MgSO4) and gypsum (CaSO4) were applied at a rate of 20 and 40 kg ha-1 to study the effect on faba bean growth, yield, crude protein (CP) content and amino acid (AA) composition. Gypsum and kieserite significantly increased S concentration of faba bean dry matter (DM) in 2017. The S concentration ranged from 0.20% to 0.23% of DM compared to 0.18% in the untreated control. In 2018, kieserite application at 40 kg ha-1 significantly increased S concentration to 0.15% compared to 0.12% in the untreated control. The faba bean plants did, however, not respond neither with increased growth nor increased seed yield. The seed quality in terms of CP and S-containing AA, was not affected by S fertilization, however, significant differences were observed between the experimental sites.
蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)对硫的需求是保证籽粒产量和品质的关键。在2017-2018两个生长季的田间条件下，研究了施S肥对瑞典有机栽培蚕豆的影响。以20和40 kg ha-1为处理剂量，研究了钾辉石(MgSO4)和石膏(CaSO4)对蚕豆生长、产量、粗蛋白质(CP)含量和氨基酸(AA)组成的影响。石膏和绢石显著提高了2017年蚕豆干物质(DM) S浓度。S浓度为DM的0.20% ~ 0.23%，而未处理对照组为0.18%。2018年，施用40 kg ha-1的钾辉石显著提高S浓度至0.15%，而未处理对照为0.12%。然而，蚕豆植株既没有增加生长，也没有增加种子产量。施硫不影响籽粒CP和含硫AA的质量，但不同试验点籽粒CP和含硫AA的质量差异显著。
{"title":"Effects of sulphur fertilization in organically cultivated faba bean","authors":"Z. Omer, E. Nadeau, E. Stoltz, E. Edin, A. Wallenhammar","doi":"10.23986/afsci.99409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.99409","url":null,"abstract":"Optimal seed yield and quality requires that the sulphur (S) demand of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is ensured. The effect of S fertilization on organic cultivated faba bean was investigated under field conditions during two growing seasons (2017–2018), in Sweden. Kieserite (MgSO4) and gypsum (CaSO4) were applied at a rate of 20 and 40 kg ha-1 to study the effect on faba bean growth, yield, crude protein (CP) content and amino acid (AA) composition. Gypsum and kieserite significantly increased S concentration of faba bean dry matter (DM) in 2017. The S concentration ranged from 0.20% to 0.23% of DM compared to 0.18% in the untreated control. In 2018, kieserite application at 40 kg ha-1 significantly increased S concentration to 0.15% compared to 0.12% in the untreated control. The faba bean plants did, however, not respond neither with increased growth nor increased seed yield. The seed quality in terms of CP and S-containing AA, was not affected by S fertilization, however, significant differences were observed between the experimental sites.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"1988 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82276143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the present study was to determine whether a decrease in feed energy content would prevent extreme body weight (BW) gain and fatness in blue foxes in the late growing-furring period, without compromising pelt quality or pelt size. BW gain, body mass index (BMI), body condition score (BCS), and pelt characteristics were studied in 60 blue foxes divided into four equal-sized groups from mid-October until pelting (50 days). Experimental diets in were “high energy – high protein”, “high energy – low protein”, “low energy – high protein”, and “low energy – low protein”. High-energy diets contained 19.3 MJ metabolisable energy (ME) in kg dry matter (DM) and high-protein diets contained digestible crude protein (DCP) 20% of ME. Low-energy diets contained 16.3 MJ ME in kg DM and low-protein diets DCP 17% of ME. Feeding was gradually increased towards ad libitum. Reduced ME intake had no effect on pelt size or pelt quality. High-energy feeds resulted in heavier animals with higher BMI. However, the final BW exceeded 20 kg and BCS was “fat” or “extremely fat” in all groups.
本研究的目的是确定饲料能量含量的降低是否会在不影响毛皮质量或毛皮尺寸的情况下，阻止生长-蜕皮后期蓝狐的极端体重增加和肥胖。从10月中旬开始至脱皮(50 d)，将60只蓝狐分为4个大小相同的组，研究了体重增重、体重指数(BMI)、身体状况评分(BCS)和毛皮特征。实验饮食分为“高能量-高蛋白”、“高能量-低蛋白”、“低能量-高蛋白”和“低能量-低蛋白”。高能饲粮的干物质代谢能(ME)为19.3 MJ / kg，高蛋白饲粮的可消化粗蛋白质(DCP)为ME的20%。低能量饲粮的代谢能为16.3 MJ / kg DM，低蛋白质饲粮的代谢能为17% / kg DM。饲喂量逐渐增加，趋于随意。减少代谢能摄入量对毛皮大小和毛皮质量没有影响。高能饲料导致动物体重增加，身体质量指数也更高。但各组最终体重均超过20 kg, BCS均为“肥胖”或“极胖”。
{"title":"Effects of feed energy and protein level on growth and pelt parameters in blue foxes (Vulpes lagopus) in the late growing-furring period","authors":"Vappu Ylinen, M. Mohaibes, J. Peura, J. Valaja","doi":"10.23986/afsci.96041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.96041","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to determine whether a decrease in feed energy content would prevent extreme body weight (BW) gain and fatness in blue foxes in the late growing-furring period, without compromising pelt quality or pelt size. BW gain, body mass index (BMI), body condition score (BCS), and pelt characteristics were studied in 60 blue foxes divided into four equal-sized groups from mid-October until pelting (50 days). Experimental diets in were “high energy – high protein”, “high energy – low protein”, “low energy – high protein”, and “low energy – low protein”. High-energy diets contained 19.3 MJ metabolisable energy (ME) in kg dry matter (DM) and high-protein diets contained digestible crude protein (DCP) 20% of ME. Low-energy diets contained 16.3 MJ ME in kg DM and low-protein diets DCP 17% of ME. Feeding was gradually increased towards ad libitum. Reduced ME intake had no effect on pelt size or pelt quality. High-energy feeds resulted in heavier animals with higher BMI. However, the final BW exceeded 20 kg and BCS was “fat” or “extremely fat” in all groups.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"109 1","pages":"442-450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79214169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maternally affected traits, such as juvenile growth and survival, provide resilience in mammal species, in particular for reindeer living in extreme northern habitat. The genetic variation in such traits is caused by direct and maternal genetic effects (DGE and MGE, respectively). We used Willham’s variance-component approach and extended a family index with the focal individual and its full- and half-sibs to an approximated BLUP (pseudo-BLUP) by including the parents’ estimated breeding values. Most of the deviations of the predicted responses from the simulated ones were 4.1% for DGE and 5.3% for MGE. The benefits of index and BLUP selection are high in the case of negative correlation, large full-sib family and in particular, when maternal half-sibs are available. Higher economic value for MGE than for DGE is needed, since with equal heritabilities and economic weights for the effects the maternal response is 40 to 70% of the direct one. With negative correlation, records on collateral relatives beyond sibs are possibly needed. They would support also the prediction of MGE in uniparous reindeer lacking full-sib information.
{"title":"The efficiency of multi-generation selection on maternal traits, with implications for reindeer","authors":"J. Pietarinen, A. Mäki-Tanila","doi":"10.23986/afsci.98024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.98024","url":null,"abstract":"Maternally affected traits, such as juvenile growth and survival, provide resilience in mammal species, in particular for reindeer living in extreme northern habitat. The genetic variation in such traits is caused by direct and maternal genetic effects (DGE and MGE, respectively). We used Willham’s variance-component approach and extended a family index with the focal individual and its full- and half-sibs to an approximated BLUP (pseudo-BLUP) by including the parents’ estimated breeding values. Most of the deviations of the predicted responses from the simulated ones were 4.1% for DGE and 5.3% for MGE. The benefits of index and BLUP selection are high in the case of negative correlation, large full-sib family and in particular, when maternal half-sibs are available. Higher economic value for MGE than for DGE is needed, since with equal heritabilities and economic weights for the effects the maternal response is 40 to 70% of the direct one. With negative correlation, records on collateral relatives beyond sibs are possibly needed. They would support also the prediction of MGE in uniparous reindeer lacking full-sib information.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89966841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of carnosic acid (CA), selenate (VISe) or selenized yeast (YSe) on concentrations of fatty acids (FA), tocopherols, cholesterol and malondialdehyde in the periintestinal fat (PIF) and muscles of lambs. Male lambs were fed the control diet containing rapeseed (RO) and fish (FO) oils, the CA diet containing RO, FO and CA, the YSe-CA diet with RO, FO, CA and YSe, and the VISe-CA diet with RO, FO, CA and VISe. The experimental diets with CA, irrespective of the presence of YSe or VISe, decreased sums of saturated FA (SFA) and the thrombogenic SFA in the PIF compared to the control. The experimental diets increased the Δ9-desaturation capacity in the PIF compared to the control. The experimental diets with YSe or VISe reduced sums of long-chain polyunsaturated FA in the PIF compared to the control and CA diets. The PIF and muscles of lambs fed the VISe-CA diet were characterised by the highest hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic-FA ratio, and lower modified atherogenic index compared to the control.
{"title":"Diets enriched in fish and rapeseed oils, carnosic acid, and different chemical forms of selenium affect fatty acid profile in the periintestinal fat and indices of nutritional properties of selected tissues of lambs","authors":"M. Białek, M. Czauderna, K. Zaworski","doi":"10.23986/afsci.97267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.97267","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of carnosic acid (CA), selenate (VISe) or selenized yeast (YSe) on concentrations of fatty acids (FA), tocopherols, cholesterol and malondialdehyde in the periintestinal fat (PIF) and muscles of lambs. Male lambs were fed the control diet containing rapeseed (RO) and fish (FO) oils, the CA diet containing RO, FO and CA, the YSe-CA diet with RO, FO, CA and YSe, and the VISe-CA diet with RO, FO, CA and VISe. The experimental diets with CA, irrespective of the presence of YSe or VISe, decreased sums of saturated FA (SFA) and the thrombogenic SFA in the PIF compared to the control. The experimental diets increased the Δ9-desaturation capacity in the PIF compared to the control. The experimental diets with YSe or VISe reduced sums of long-chain polyunsaturated FA in the PIF compared to the control and CA diets. The PIF and muscles of lambs fed the VISe-CA diet were characterised by the highest hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic-FA ratio, and lower modified atherogenic index compared to the control.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"259 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77797681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study is part of a framework for researching the use of the field pea in cropping systems in order to improve its economic and environmental output. The specific aim was to investigate the effect of differently fertilised preceding winter wheat on subsequent field pea output in the same crop rotation. The field experiment was conducted in Tartu county, Estonia, in 2012–2017. Seven different cropping systems were investigated: four conventional with different treatments of mineral nitrogen fertilisers and three organic including catch crops and cattle manure treatment. The DM yield of field pea in winter wheat mineral N treatments 50–150 kg N ha-1 was 2699– 2852 kg ha-1, which was 33% higher than in the organic systems. There were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and N surplus between 50–150 kg N ha-1. The first 20 kg ha-1 mineral N with P25 and K95 gave a significantly higher pea yield compared to the treatment without mineral N. The catch crops reduced agronomic NUE and increased N surplus in the organic cropping systems.
本研究是研究在种植系统中使用大田豌豆以提高其经济和环境产量的框架的一部分。具体目的是研究在同一作物轮作中，前茬冬小麦不同施肥对随后大田豌豆产量的影响。田间试验于2012-2017年在爱沙尼亚塔尔图县进行。研究了7种不同的种植制度:4种常规种植制度采用不同的无机氮肥处理，3种有机种植制度包括捕捞作物和牛粪处理。在50 ~ 150 kg N ha-1的冬小麦矿质氮处理下，大田豌豆DM产量为2699 ~ 2852 kg ha-1，比有机处理提高33%。在50 ~ 150 kg N ha-1之间，氮素利用效率(NUE)和氮素剩余量无显著差异(p < 0.05)。施用P25和K95的前20 kg ha-1矿质氮显著高于不施用矿质氮的处理，捕获作物降低了有机种植系统的农艺氮肥利用效率，增加了氮肥剩余。
{"title":"The aftereffect of winter wheat on pea yield, nitrogen surplus and nitrogen use efficiency in different cropping systems","authors":"Ivo Voor, M. Alaru, V. Eremeev, E. Loit","doi":"10.23986/afsci.89726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.89726","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is part of a framework for researching the use of the field pea in cropping systems in order to improve its economic and environmental output. The specific aim was to investigate the effect of differently fertilised preceding winter wheat on subsequent field pea output in the same crop rotation. The field experiment was conducted in Tartu county, Estonia, in 2012–2017. Seven different cropping systems were investigated: four conventional with different treatments of mineral nitrogen fertilisers and three organic including catch crops and cattle manure treatment. The DM yield of field pea in winter wheat mineral N treatments 50–150 kg N ha-1 was 2699– 2852 kg ha-1, which was 33% higher than in the organic systems. There were no significant differences (p < 0.05) in nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and N surplus between 50–150 kg N ha-1. The first 20 kg ha-1 mineral N with P25 and K95 gave a significantly higher pea yield compared to the treatment without mineral N. The catch crops reduced agronomic NUE and increased N surplus in the organic cropping systems.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"116 1","pages":"494-504"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89385612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poorly crystalline Fe oxides are sources of Fe to plants. The adsorption of humic substances (HS) on these oxides alters its reactivity and stability in soils, and thus may affect Fe mobilization and uptake by plants from these compounds. This work aimed at studying how the adsorption of HS on Fe oxides affects its use as Fe source by two plant species with different Fe acquisition strategies, white lupin (Strategy I) and wheat (Strategy II). To this end, two completely randomized experiments, one with each plant, were carried out using a calcareous growing media and involving increasing amounts of HS adsorbed on ferrihydrite (0, 16, 60, and 97 mg C g–1) which was used as Fe source. The highest HS rate was the only treatment that significantly increased Fe uptake in wheat relative to control without HS. This was related to a decreased concentration of Fe in poorly crystalline oxides in the growing media. On the contrary, HS did not affect significantly Fe uptake by lupin. However, in this crop, the highest HS rate decreased the concentration of Fe in oxides relative to the lowest HS rate, without significant differences with other treatments. Thus, the effect of adsorbed HS on Fe uptake differed in two plants with different Fe acquisition strategies. The increased Fe uptake in wheat at the highest HS rate can be explained at least in part by an increased Fe mobilization from oxides by plant roots. These findings provide new insights on the role of soil organic matter on plant Fe nutrition.
低结晶的铁氧化物是植物铁的来源。腐殖质(HS)对这些氧化物的吸附改变了其在土壤中的反应性和稳定性，从而可能影响植物对这些化合物的铁的动员和吸收。本研究旨在研究两种具有不同铁获取策略的植物——白豆(策略I)和小麦(策略II)对HS在铁氧化物上的吸附如何影响其作为铁源的利用。为此，在钙质生长培养基上进行了两个完全随机的实验，每个植物进行一个实验，并增加HS在作为铁源的水合铁(0、16、60和97 mg C g-1)上的吸附量。与不施用HS的对照相比，只有HS率最高的处理显著提高了小麦对铁的吸收。这与生长介质中结晶度差的氧化物中铁的浓度降低有关。与此相反，HS对罗苹对铁的吸收无显著影响。然而，在该作物中，相对于最低HS速率，最高HS速率降低了铁氧化物浓度，与其他处理无显著差异。因此，在两种不同铁获取策略的植物中，吸附HS对铁吸收的影响是不同的。在高HS速率下，小麦铁吸收量的增加至少可以部分解释为植物根系从氧化物中动员铁的增加。这些发现为土壤有机质对植物铁营养的影响提供了新的认识。
{"title":"Adsorption of humic substances on ferrihydrite affects its use as iron source by plants","authors":"A. De Santiago, A. García-López, R. Recena, M. Moreno, E. Carmona, A. Delgado","doi":"10.23986/afsci.95408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23986/afsci.95408","url":null,"abstract":"Poorly crystalline Fe oxides are sources of Fe to plants. The adsorption of humic substances (HS) on these oxides alters its reactivity and stability in soils, and thus may affect Fe mobilization and uptake by plants from these compounds. This work aimed at studying how the adsorption of HS on Fe oxides affects its use as Fe source by two plant species with different Fe acquisition strategies, white lupin (Strategy I) and wheat (Strategy II). To this end, two completely randomized experiments, one with each plant, were carried out using a calcareous growing media and involving increasing amounts of HS adsorbed on ferrihydrite (0, 16, 60, and 97 mg C g–1) which was used as Fe source. The highest HS rate was the only treatment that significantly increased Fe uptake in wheat relative to control without HS. This was related to a decreased concentration of Fe in poorly crystalline oxides in the growing media. On the contrary, HS did not affect significantly Fe uptake by lupin. However, in this crop, the highest HS rate decreased the concentration of Fe in oxides relative to the lowest HS rate, without significant differences with other treatments. Thus, the effect of adsorbed HS on Fe uptake differed in two plants with different Fe acquisition strategies. The increased Fe uptake in wheat at the highest HS rate can be explained at least in part by an increased Fe mobilization from oxides by plant roots. These findings provide new insights on the role of soil organic matter on plant Fe nutrition.","PeriodicalId":7393,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural and Food Science","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85122683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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