Morfologiia (Saint Petersburg, Russia)最新文献

The work was performed on Wistar rats, which were dividedinto 3 groups: 1st group--experimental rats subjected to hypoxia and treated with salifen (15 mg/kg for 14 days), 2nd group--control rats exposed to hypoxia only without treatment, and 3rdgroup--intact animals (8-10 animals in each group). Using themethods of light and electron microscopy, the effect of salifen onthe structural characteristics of the elements of the blood-brainbarrier (BBB) in the neocortex was studied in rats after exposureto hypoxia in the early postnatal period--on postnatal Day 2(model of human preterm pregnancy). The results showed thatsalifen had a positive effect on the state of the microvasculatureafter perinatal hypoxia, in particular, on the state of endothelialcells. Its active participation in the compensatory-adaptive reactions of the BBB in response to hypoxia exposure was detected,and the prospects of further studies of the protective properties ofsalifen are emphasized.

The research was performed on 15 non embalmed bodies and 32 abdominal complexes of adult individuals. The comparative study of variant anatomy of splenic ligaments and architectonics of arteries passing through them was carried out to substantiate the mobilization of splenopancreatic complex. Anatomical and angiographic restudied were carried out using preparation, morphometry, injection of gastric, pancreatic and splenic vascular bed with red lead suspension. It was established that the form and sizes of splenic ligaments and their interrelation with the branches of the splenic artery were variable. The minimal and maximal sizes of gastrolienal, phrenicosplenic and splenocolic ligaments differed 2-3 times. In most cases, spleen was fixed in abdominal cavity by many short ligaments. It was shown that architectonics and topography of main branches of spleen artery were determined by morphometric characteristics of the spleen proper and its ligaments. The knowledge of splenic ligament variant anatomy allows a new perspective to approach to substantiate different methods of the mobilization of spleno-pancreatic complex during surgical operations on organs of the upper part of the peritoneal cavity and organ-preserving surgery of the spleen.

Using light and electron microscopy, the structural changes in the hippocampus of senescence-accelerated OXYS rats (n = 20) and Wistar (n = 20) were examined in the age aspect. By light microscopy, the neurons with the signs of chromatolysis and hyperchromatic neurons were detected in CA1, CA3 fields and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, suggesting the presence of the signs of degeneration already in 4 month-old OXYS rats. By the age of 18 months, severe structural changes occured in all the regions of the hippocampus of OXYS rats. Ultramicroscopically, in 4 month-old OXYS rats the. initial manifestation of destruction of mitochondria and accumulation of lipofuscin granules were found. These changes were shown to progress with age; 18-month-old animals were characterized by more significant degradation of organelles. These findings indicate more pronounced age-related changes of neurons in OXYS rats as compared to those in in Wistar rats.

Morphometric methods were used to examine the cell composition of the germinal centers of lymphoid nodules and periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths (PALS) in male C57/b16 mice aged 19-20 weeks after 30-day-long space flight, simulation of space flight factors in a terrestrial experiment and in vivarium control group. After a ground-based experiment, compared to vivarium control, the functional activity of morphological zone of T lymphocyte maturation was decreased in PALM. In the germinal centers of lymphoid nodules of mice subjected to a ground-based experiment, lymphocytopoiesis and cell blast transformation, that characterize the morpho-functional activity of this zone and humoral immunity, remained unchanged. After a spaceflight, as compared with ground-based experiment, the changes of cell composition were less expressed in PALS than in the in the germinal centers of lymphoid nodules. It is concluded that PALS are more stable morphological zones, while the germinal centers of lymphoid nodules in the spleen are specific "target zones", most sensitive to a variety of factors of a space flight.

The study material included 105 isolated bone preparations of the atlas, 100 radiographs of the cervical region of the spine, 650 spiral computed tomography (SCT) scans and 224 protocols of duplex ultrasound scanning of extracranial portions of brachiocephalic arteries and transcranial duplex scanning. Kimmerle anomaly was detected in 18% of cases in the bone material, in 17% of the cases of SCT and in 15% of cases during radiological examination. The anomaly more often is unilateral, rarely--bilateral; it may be located medially or laterally, while the vertebral artery canal more frequently is closed, less commonly--open. Among the patients with Kimmerle anomaly, hemodynamically significant asymmetry of blood flow velocity in the vertebral arteries was detected in 78.5% of cases. Thus, the most important method of Kimmerle anomaly detection is SCT with contrast-enhanced artery imaging. However, each of the research methods successively. Each of research methods used consistently allows to obtain information both on anatomical variability of atlas developmental abnormalities (morphological characteristics) and on possible functional disorders, morphological basis of which is Kimmerle anomaly.

Methods of light microscopy were used to study the morphological changes of the oral cavity mucosa in rats (n = 48) in chronic renal failure (CRF) of various degrees. It was found that after 6 months of modeling of mild and moderate CRF, lamina propria of the oral cavity mucous membranes was diffusely infiltrated with leukocytes. At the same time, relative density of the distribution of the components of blood and lymphatic vascular bed was increased. In severe CRF, the atrophy and hyperkeratosis of the epithelium of the oral cavity mucous membrane developed, while the lamina propria demonstrated sclerosis and significant increase of leukocyte (primarily neutrophil and monocyte) and macrophage numerical density with the formation of small leukocyte infiltrates. In addition, in moderate and severe CRF, the number of eosinophils and plasma cells was increased in the lamina propria which indicates the possible presence of allergic component in the initiation and maintenance of its inflammation.

Mast cells (MCs) were studied quantitatively and qualitatively in the wall of the esophagus (upper, middle and lower portions) of the individuals in the I period of mature age (22-35 years, n = 6) as well as in old and senile persons (61-82 years, n = 10). In all the individuals, the total number of MCs was found to increase from the upper portion of the esophagus towards the lower one. Within the esophageal wall, the total number of MCs decreased in the direction from tunica mucosa towards adventitia. During I period of mature age, the resting MCs filled with granules predominated, while the degranulating MCs were located in the lower esophageal segment. In the individuals of old and senile age, the degranulating MCs were more frequently observed in the upper and lower esophageal segments.

Using the morphometric method, neuron profile field areas and the density of neurons and gliocytes were measured in amygdala basolateral nucleus in left and right hemispheres of the brain in 6 men and 6 women aged 19 to 55 years. Women showed a tendency towards hemispheric asymmetry of the indices studied with their greater values found in left hemisphere. In the group of men, the opposite tendency to hemispheric asymmetry was found: greater values of the indices studied were detected in right hemisphere.