Pub Date : 2020-04-29DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2020.153.164
Momtaz Mohamed Gamal Othman, A. E. A. El-Maaty, Zeinab Salah El-Din Hussein
There are many road defects appear in flexible pavement layers. Rutting, raveling and cracks are considered the main problems in Egypt. Using grouted macadam system as a surface asphaltic layer (or called Semi-Flexible Pavement (SFP)) has many advantages such as saving the natural asphalt and enhancing the performance against deteriorations. The main scope of this research is to evaluate and improve the performance of SFP using modified grout by additives as fine sand, Silica Fume (SF), Fly Ash (FA) and Super-Plasticizer (SP). Different mixing ratios for grout contents (cement: Fine sand: Additives: Water) were tried and tested using flow time (workability), flexural and compressive strength to achieve the optimal grout characteristics. Crushed siliceous-limestone was used in preparing open graded (porous) asphalt mixtures to obtain suitable permeability. After grouting the asphalt mixtures, Marshall and indirect tensile strength tests were performed. The results indicated that the use of equal amounts from cement and fine sand was preferred in grout. Silica fume was preferred as additive for improving the grout properties. The results obtained that the grouted macadam significantly improved the performance of pavement compared with traditional flexible pavement.
{"title":"Assessing and Improving the Performance of Grouted Macadam","authors":"Momtaz Mohamed Gamal Othman, A. E. A. El-Maaty, Zeinab Salah El-Din Hussein","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2020.153.164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2020.153.164","url":null,"abstract":"There are many road defects appear in flexible pavement layers. Rutting, raveling and cracks are considered the main problems in Egypt. Using grouted macadam system as a surface asphaltic layer (or called Semi-Flexible Pavement (SFP)) has many advantages such as saving the natural asphalt and enhancing the performance against deteriorations. The main scope of this research is to evaluate and improve the performance of SFP using modified grout by additives as fine sand, Silica Fume (SF), Fly Ash (FA) and Super-Plasticizer (SP). Different mixing ratios for grout contents (cement: Fine sand: Additives: Water) were tried and tested using flow time (workability), flexural and compressive strength to achieve the optimal grout characteristics. Crushed siliceous-limestone was used in preparing open graded (porous) asphalt mixtures to obtain suitable permeability. After grouting the asphalt mixtures, Marshall and indirect tensile strength tests were performed. The results indicated that the use of equal amounts from cement and fine sand was preferred in grout. Silica fume was preferred as additive for improving the grout properties. The results obtained that the grouted macadam significantly improved the performance of pavement compared with traditional flexible pavement.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"153-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83091786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-04DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2020.165.172
Hamad B. Matar, Talal Almutairi, N. Al-Mutairi
The urban road traffic network evolution is complex and varies depend on road type, zoning types and social activities. Typical traffic pattern variation of road network could be examined by considering the daily human travel activities. Thus, factor and cluster analysis is carried out. This paper is a comparative analysis of various Data Mining clustering methods for the grouping of roads based on traffic profile. The analysis was carried out using data available from 45 Automatic Traffic Recorder (ATR) sites in Newcastle, UK. Factor and cluster analysis were applied on the road traffic data so that roads could be classified, allowing diurnal traffic profiles to be assigned a group to roads with similar attributes. These groups could be classify based on road traffic characteristics. Five road classifications were found.
{"title":"Newcastle Traffic Classification Using Clustering Algorithms","authors":"Hamad B. Matar, Talal Almutairi, N. Al-Mutairi","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2020.165.172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2020.165.172","url":null,"abstract":"The urban road traffic network evolution is complex and varies depend on road type, zoning types and social activities. Typical traffic pattern variation of road network could be examined by considering the daily human travel activities. Thus, factor and cluster analysis is carried out. This paper is a comparative analysis of various Data Mining clustering methods for the grouping of roads based on traffic profile. The analysis was carried out using data available from 45 Automatic Traffic Recorder (ATR) sites in Newcastle, UK. Factor and cluster analysis were applied on the road traffic data so that roads could be classified, allowing diurnal traffic profiles to be assigned a group to roads with similar attributes. These groups could be classify based on road traffic characteristics. Five road classifications were found.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"34 2 1","pages":"165-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77844697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2020.639.648
Isaac Kofi Nti, Adebayo Felix Adakoya, O. Nyarko-Boateng
The creation of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2005 to replace the traditional “cash and carry” healthcare financial model, was anticipated to offer a safe, reliable, affordable and national coverage healthcare system for the Ghanaian populace. The scheme has recorded several challenges; as a result, policymakers and donor agencies are reconsidering the current NHIS model and are thinking of crafting a better alternate and sustainable financial model for the NHIS. This study seeks to propose a multifactor authentication framework for the national health insurance scheme in Ghana using soft-computing machine learning techniques to minimize the current challenges. It was observed that the proposed system used 1.02 sec to vet 25 claim forms, while the human professional used 120 sec for a single document. The accuracy (91.50%) and F1 (88.52) score measure obtained shows a higher rate of the vetting process by the proposed system.
{"title":"A Multifactor Authentication Framework for the National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana using Machine Learning","authors":"Isaac Kofi Nti, Adebayo Felix Adakoya, O. Nyarko-Boateng","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2020.639.648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.639.648","url":null,"abstract":"The creation of the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in 2005 to replace the traditional “cash and carry” healthcare financial model, was anticipated to offer a safe, reliable, affordable and national coverage healthcare system for the Ghanaian populace. The scheme has recorded several challenges; as a result, policymakers and donor agencies are reconsidering the current NHIS model and are thinking of crafting a better alternate and sustainable financial model for the NHIS. This study seeks to propose a multifactor authentication framework for the national health insurance scheme in Ghana using soft-computing machine learning techniques to minimize the current challenges. It was observed that the proposed system used 1.02 sec to vet 25 claim forms, while the human professional used 120 sec for a single document. The accuracy (91.50%) and F1 (88.52) score measure obtained shows a higher rate of the vetting process by the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"639-648"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72948790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2020.658.667
G. Maheswari, S. J. Obaiys, G. M. J. Jebarani, V. Balaji, Haider Raad
Graph theory is one of the mathematical growing areas to simplify the solution of a problem in day today life. Graph theory can be used to modeling a problem that can be easier to see and find the solution for the problem. The graph consisting of nodes called as vertices connected by links called as edges. In the communication networks, the system (graph) is responsible for carrying the messages through the network and directing them along the right path. One of the important areas in Graph theory is Graph labeling for more results on graph labeling can be found in (Gallian, 2010). The field of graph theory plays vital role in various fields. Graph labeling is an assignment of integers to the vertices or edges or both subject to certain conditions and it is used in many applications like coding theory, x-ray crystallography, radar, astronomy, circuit design and communication network. We developed coding techniques for sharing secrecy through Graph labeling in many research article but here we developed the existence and nonexistence of one Graph labeling. By a graph we mean a finite, simple and undirected one. The vertex set and the edge set of a graph G denoted by p and q respectively. The disjoint union of two graphs G1 and G2 is the graph G1G2 with and E(G1G2) = E(G1)E(G2). The disjoint union of two star K1,m and K1,n is denoted by K1,mK1,n. The wedge of two star is obtained by an edge joining two first copy and second copy of two star for all ui and vj such that ( ) ( ) 1 2 2. 2 i j f u f v m A Graph Labeling (GL) is an
图论是一个不断发展的数学领域，它简化了当今生活中问题的解决方法。图论可以用来对问题进行建模，这样可以更容易地看到并找到问题的解决方案。由称为顶点的节点组成的图，由称为边的链接连接。在通信网络中，系统(图)负责在网络中传递信息，并将其引导到正确的路径上。图论的一个重要领域是图标注，关于图标注的更多结果可以在(Gallian, 2010)中找到。图论领域在各个领域都起着至关重要的作用。图标记是在一定条件下将整数赋值到顶点或边或两者，它被用于许多应用，如编码理论，x射线晶体学，雷达，天文学，电路设计和通信网络。在许多研究文章中，我们开发了通过图标注来共享保密的编码技术，但这里我们只讨论了一个图标注的存在性和不存在性。图是指有限的、简单的、无向的图。图G的顶点集和边集分别用p和q表示。两个图G1和G2的不相交并为图G1G2 with和E(G1G2) = E(G1)E(G2)。两星K1,m和K1,n的不相交并记为K1,mK1,n。通过一条边将所有ui和vj的两个第一个副本和第二个副本连接起来，从而得到()()1 2 2。2 i j f f f v m图标注(GL)是一种方法
{"title":"Existence and Non-Existence of Super Mean Labeling on Star Graphs","authors":"G. Maheswari, S. J. Obaiys, G. M. J. Jebarani, V. Balaji, Haider Raad","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2020.658.667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.658.667","url":null,"abstract":"Graph theory is one of the mathematical growing areas to simplify the solution of a problem in day today life. Graph theory can be used to modeling a problem that can be easier to see and find the solution for the problem. The graph consisting of nodes called as vertices connected by links called as edges. In the communication networks, the system (graph) is responsible for carrying the messages through the network and directing them along the right path. One of the important areas in Graph theory is Graph labeling for more results on graph labeling can be found in (Gallian, 2010). The field of graph theory plays vital role in various fields. Graph labeling is an assignment of integers to the vertices or edges or both subject to certain conditions and it is used in many applications like coding theory, x-ray crystallography, radar, astronomy, circuit design and communication network. We developed coding techniques for sharing secrecy through Graph labeling in many research article but here we developed the existence and nonexistence of one Graph labeling. By a graph we mean a finite, simple and undirected one. The vertex set and the edge set of a graph G denoted by p and q respectively. The disjoint union of two graphs G1 and G2 is the graph G1G2 with and E(G1G2) = E(G1)E(G2). The disjoint union of two star K1,m and K1,n is denoted by K1,mK1,n. The wedge of two star is obtained by an edge joining two first copy and second copy of two star for all ui and vj such that ( ) ( ) 1 2 2. 2 i j f u f v m A Graph Labeling (GL) is an","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"31 1","pages":"658-667"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84608886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2020.668.682
S. Budak, Zhigang Xiao, Shujun Yang
The multilayer thermoelectric devices including Ni/200 layers of Si/Si + Sb/200 layers of Si/Si + Ge/Ni thin films were fabricated using electron beam and DC/RF magnetron sputtering deposition systems. The thickness measurements have been performed using Filmetrics UV thickness measurement system. The Au contacts at the bottom and top of the fabricated thermoelectric devices were measured as 100 nm for each side. Ni layer at the bottom is 108 nm and Ni layer at the top of the multilayer structures is 168 nm. The thickness of 200 layers of Si/Si + Ge thin film is 173 nm and the thickness of 200 layers of Si/Si + Sb thin film is 199 nm. The fabricated thermoelectric devices have total of 402 layers of thin films with the total thickness of 648 nm thickness excluding two Au contact layers. The prepared thin film devices were annealed at different temperatures for one hour to improve the thermoelectric properties. The current studied system has reached some remarkable values of Seebeck coefficients when the suitable annealing temperatures and the suitable operating temperatures of Seebeck measurement system were applied. The multilayer thin film system has reached the Seebeck coefficient of -344.8 μV/K when the annealed temperature was 100°C and the operating temperature was 320 K. One of the main problems with the thermoelectric devices is having higher temperature dissipation during the operation of the devices. Ni thin film was used in the fabrication process to remove excess of the heat as a heat sink from the thermoelectric devices. This will bring new approach for the high efficient thermoelectric devices. The goal of the manuscript is to improve the thermoelectric properties of the fabricated thin film thermoelectric devices using Ni thin films and the thermal treatment. The resistivity values decreased when the annealing temperatures increased. The highest power factor values were reached when the thermoelectric devices were annealed at 100°C. Mobility values increased when the suitable temperatures were applied for thermal treatment.
{"title":"Thermal Treatment Effects on the Thermoelectric Properties of Ni/Si/Si + Sb/Si/Si + Ge/Ni Multilayer Thin Films","authors":"S. Budak, Zhigang Xiao, Shujun Yang","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2020.668.682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.668.682","url":null,"abstract":"The multilayer thermoelectric devices including Ni/200 layers of Si/Si + Sb/200 layers of Si/Si + Ge/Ni thin films were fabricated using electron beam and DC/RF magnetron sputtering deposition systems. The thickness measurements have been performed using Filmetrics UV thickness measurement system. The Au contacts at the bottom and top of the fabricated thermoelectric devices were measured as 100 nm for each side. Ni layer at the bottom is 108 nm and Ni layer at the top of the multilayer structures is 168 nm. The thickness of 200 layers of Si/Si + Ge thin film is 173 nm and the thickness of 200 layers of Si/Si + Sb thin film is 199 nm. The fabricated thermoelectric devices have total of 402 layers of thin films with the total thickness of 648 nm thickness excluding two Au contact layers. The prepared thin film devices were annealed at different temperatures for one hour to improve the thermoelectric properties. The current studied system has reached some remarkable values of Seebeck coefficients when the suitable annealing temperatures and the suitable operating temperatures of Seebeck measurement system were applied. The multilayer thin film system has reached the Seebeck coefficient of -344.8 μV/K when the annealed temperature was 100°C and the operating temperature was 320 K. One of the main problems with the thermoelectric devices is having higher temperature dissipation during the operation of the devices. Ni thin film was used in the fabrication process to remove excess of the heat as a heat sink from the thermoelectric devices. This will bring new approach for the high efficient thermoelectric devices. The goal of the manuscript is to improve the thermoelectric properties of the fabricated thin film thermoelectric devices using Ni thin films and the thermal treatment. The resistivity values decreased when the annealing temperatures increased. The highest power factor values were reached when the thermoelectric devices were annealed at 100°C. Mobility values increased when the suitable temperatures were applied for thermal treatment.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"668-682"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83980607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2020.683.698
M. Dehghanipoodeh, H. A. Haroni, M. M. Esfahani, Farzad Shafiei, K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari
The probability of the occurrence of porphyry copper ore associated with subduction zone of the Neo-Tethys ocean and volcanic arc of Iran (Urumieh-Dokhtar) justifies the necessity of exploration and prospection of this type of ore in Iran. Zafarghand index and Kahang deposit of porphyry copper-molybdenum located in Isfahan province, center of Iran using Satellite data interpretations were discovered in the years of 2010 and 2003, respectively. Geological studies have indicated the presence of argillic and propylitic alteration halos associated with porphyry copper systems. The 250 rock samples were systematically collected at a sampling distance of 100 m and in the center of the porphyry system by a distance o f 50 m in Zafarghand. Also, 377 samples of lithogeochemicals (185 rock samples and 192 soil samples) were extracted systematically from Kahang deposit. The study of geochemical data of rock and soil samples showed similarity of these two types of mineralization with other mineralization of porphyry copper-molybdenum elsewhere in the world. Finally, the comparison of geochemical anomalies copper with rock units and alteration zones showed that atmospheric waters had washed out the copper in some of these zones and probably the supergene zone was formed in depth as porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit.
{"title":"Geochemical and Petrology Properties of Zafarghand Index and Kahang Deposit of Porphyry Copper-Molybdenum","authors":"M. Dehghanipoodeh, H. A. Haroni, M. M. Esfahani, Farzad Shafiei, K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2020.683.698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.683.698","url":null,"abstract":"The probability of the occurrence of porphyry copper ore associated with subduction zone of the Neo-Tethys ocean and volcanic arc of Iran (Urumieh-Dokhtar) justifies the necessity of exploration and prospection of this type of ore in Iran. Zafarghand index and Kahang deposit of porphyry copper-molybdenum located in Isfahan province, center of Iran using Satellite data interpretations were discovered in the years of 2010 and 2003, respectively. Geological studies have indicated the presence of argillic and propylitic alteration halos associated with porphyry copper systems. The 250 rock samples were systematically collected at a sampling distance of 100 m and in the center of the porphyry system by a distance o f 50 m in Zafarghand. Also, 377 samples of lithogeochemicals (185 rock samples and 192 soil samples) were extracted systematically from Kahang deposit. The study of geochemical data of rock and soil samples showed similarity of these two types of mineralization with other mineralization of porphyry copper-molybdenum elsewhere in the world. Finally, the comparison of geochemical anomalies copper with rock units and alteration zones showed that atmospheric waters had washed out the copper in some of these zones and probably the supergene zone was formed in depth as porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"683-698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90767098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2020.858.867
Sara Abdollahi, A. Karimi, Meysam Madadi, H. Gholami, K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari
Assessment of heavy metal contamination is of great importance given its hazardous impacts on humans and the environment. Atmosphere is an important path for heavy metals transportation and plays a major role in the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the environment. The present research aims to assess soil pollution to heavy metals of lead, copper and cadmium in Zahedan using pollution indices and Geo statistics technology. For the study, 90 dust samples from the studied area were systematically collected randomly and the concentrations of lead, copper and cadmium were measured using a flame atomic absorption device. Geocoding indices, pollution index, ecological risk index and potential environmental risk index were used to determine the contamination level in the study area. The comparison of the mean concentration of the elements showed that the frequency of metals in the study area was Pb> Cu> Cd. Also, the index of contamination, ecological risk and environmental potential of the cadmium element are 14.18, 44.34 and 1333.03, respectively, then the other metals. The plot of land accumulation chart showed that the heavy metal content during the sampling period varies from moderate to severe/maximum contamination, so the concentration of heavy metals in addition to their natural origin was also related to human activities. The Pollution Index map (PI) also showed that the elements of copper, lead and cadmium are low, medium and high levels of pollution respectively.
{"title":"Assessment of Heavy Metal Cu, Pb, Cd Contamination in Dust in Zahedan City using Pollution Indices and GIS and Geo Statistics Technologies, Zahedan, Iran","authors":"Sara Abdollahi, A. Karimi, Meysam Madadi, H. Gholami, K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2020.858.867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2020.858.867","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of heavy metal contamination is of great importance given its hazardous impacts on humans and the environment. Atmosphere is an important path for heavy metals transportation and plays a major role in the bioaccumulation of heavy metals in the environment. The present research aims to assess soil pollution to heavy metals of lead, copper and cadmium in Zahedan using pollution indices and Geo statistics technology. For the study, 90 dust samples from the studied area were systematically collected randomly and the concentrations of lead, copper and cadmium were measured using a flame atomic absorption device. Geocoding indices, pollution index, ecological risk index and potential environmental risk index were used to determine the contamination level in the study area. The comparison of the mean concentration of the elements showed that the frequency of metals in the study area was Pb> Cu> Cd. Also, the index of contamination, ecological risk and environmental potential of the cadmium element are 14.18, 44.34 and 1333.03, respectively, then the other metals. The plot of land accumulation chart showed that the heavy metal content during the sampling period varies from moderate to severe/maximum contamination, so the concentration of heavy metals in addition to their natural origin was also related to human activities. The Pollution Index map (PI) also showed that the elements of copper, lead and cadmium are low, medium and high levels of pollution respectively.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"165 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82675789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2020.837.845
Noha Radwan, M. Hassan, Mohamed Eid Hussein
The robust design in a flow network is one of the most important problems. It is defined as searching the optimal capacity that can be assigned to the nodes such that the network still survived even under the node’s failure. This problem is considered NP-hard. So, this study presents a genetic-based algorithm to determine the maximum node capacity for a two-commodity flow network with node failure. I.e., searching the minimum sum of the assigned capacities and the maximum network reliability. The obtained results show that The proposed GA-based algorithm succeeded to solve the robust problem for the two-commodity flow network considering the node’s failure.
{"title":"Solving the Robust Design Problem for a Two-Commodity Flow Network with Node Failure","authors":"Noha Radwan, M. Hassan, Mohamed Eid Hussein","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2020.837.845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2020.837.845","url":null,"abstract":"The robust design in a flow network is one of the most important problems. It is defined as searching the optimal capacity that can be assigned to the nodes such that the network still survived even under the node’s failure. This problem is considered NP-hard. So, this study presents a genetic-based algorithm to determine the maximum node capacity for a two-commodity flow network with node failure. I.e., searching the minimum sum of the assigned capacities and the maximum network reliability. The obtained results show that The proposed GA-based algorithm succeeded to solve the robust problem for the two-commodity flow network considering the node’s failure.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"16 1-6 1","pages":"837-845"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73499282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2020.627.638
Ntiminity Abontakoyah Enoch, Puguo Gbene George, J. Aning
Distribution Transformer is a crucial element in deciding the power flow in large power systems. Their better performance implies high power system efficiency and enhanced power transfer capability. However, various Distribution Transformer failures in the recent past lead to power supply disturbance and have acquired much attention from the electrical intellectuals. It is of considerable significance to accurately get the running state of distribution transformers and timely detect the existence of potential transformer faults. This project work presents a predictive model to predict the potential of a distribution transformer failing before its expected years in service. Using Random Forest machine learning techniques, we examine transformer data from August 2010 to June 2019. Our experimental results reveal that a total of 90 distribution transformers were damaged within nine years. Thus, average the company losses ten (10) transformer in a year, which amount to the US $92300-95770 per year. Also, most of the places that recorded rate of distribution transformer damage were a location that had mini and major factories around. Thus, the Sunyani Municipality recorded the highest transformer damage (12), representing 13%, followed by Mim (10). Again, lighting strike was the significant causes of transformer damage. Thus twenty-one (21) out of the ninety (90) damage transformers was caused by a lightning strike. The results further show that 33.33% of the damage transformers were with 24.75-36.75% of their life expectancy. As low as 3.33% of the damage transformers have been in service for 73% of the life expectancy. From the study results, it can be concluded that a high percentage (68.9%) of the damage transformers in the Bono, Bono East and Ahafo regions of Ghana have been in service less the half of its expected years of service. Rate-of-faulty-occurrence, Type-of-faults-sustained and Tap-changer-type are the most significant factors that determine the number of years left for a distribution transformer to fail. We observed that the make of a transformer was of less importance in predicting the years left for a transformer to fail. Finally, the RMSE of 0.001639 and MAPE error of 0.001321 achieved by the proposed model shows that the proposed model fits very well to the dataset.
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Pub Date : 2020-04-01DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2020.768.802
F. Petrescu
The paper briefly presents some models of aircraft considered avant-garde in 2020 and it is part of the reviews on news in aviation and aerospace. It briefly presents some basic features, news and more important data for each new model on display, so that the reader can get an image of that model but also an overall one, to compare different models from a particular manufacturer with each other, as well as with those belonging to another manufacturer. Aircraft manufacturers are constantly concerned with modifying their aircraft and building other new models that meet customer requirements as much as possible, but at the same time lead to reductions in total fuel consumption used in flight, to reduce pollution due to flights and the negative effects on planetary ecosystems, as well as the increase in the quality and safety of air travel.
{"title":"Some Aircraft Considered New in 2020","authors":"F. Petrescu","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2020.768.802","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.768.802","url":null,"abstract":"The paper briefly presents some models of aircraft considered avant-garde in 2020 and it is part of the reviews on news in aviation and aerospace. It briefly presents some basic features, news and more important data for each new model on display, so that the reader can get an image of that model but also an overall one, to compare different models from a particular manufacturer with each other, as well as with those belonging to another manufacturer. Aircraft manufacturers are constantly concerned with modifying their aircraft and building other new models that meet customer requirements as much as possible, but at the same time lead to reductions in total fuel consumption used in flight, to reduce pollution due to flights and the negative effects on planetary ecosystems, as well as the increase in the quality and safety of air travel.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"768-802"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81907476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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