Pub Date : 2020-11-26DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2020.736.747
Dahmane Mouloud, Zahaf Samir, S. Slimane, Benkhettab Mohamed, Boutchicha Djilali
In this article, the influences of uniform velocity profile, mass ratio, length and Winkler elastic foundation on the static instability of pipe conveying incompressible fluid are investigated. The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is employed to derive partial differential equation of pipes carrying fluid. The results were carried out using ANSYS Workbench program, where the analysis is based on the numerical solution; using Finite element method to formulate both the pipe structure and fluid flow equations. The numerical approach is based on some research and analytical models. The natural frequencies of the system are attained with respect to different boundary conditions, such as pinned-pinned ends, clamped-pinned ends and clamped-clamped ends. The numerical results show satisfactory agreement with the theory of many aspects of the pipe dynamical carrying incompressible fluid were observed numerically such as, the increase in flow velocity, mass ratio and length reduced from the rigidity of the system and consequently the proper modes. Winkler elastic foundation has a stabilizing effect on the system.
{"title":"Numerical Study of Static Instability of Pipe Conveying Incompressible Fluid under Different Boundary Conditions ","authors":"Dahmane Mouloud, Zahaf Samir, S. Slimane, Benkhettab Mohamed, Boutchicha Djilali","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2020.736.747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.736.747","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, the influences of uniform velocity profile, mass ratio, length and Winkler elastic foundation on the static instability of pipe conveying incompressible fluid are investigated. The Euler-Bernoulli beam theory is employed to derive partial differential equation of pipes carrying fluid. The results were carried out using ANSYS Workbench program, where the analysis is based on the numerical solution; using Finite element method to formulate both the pipe structure and fluid flow equations. The numerical approach is based on some research and analytical models. The natural frequencies of the system are attained with respect to different boundary conditions, such as pinned-pinned ends, clamped-pinned ends and clamped-clamped ends. The numerical results show satisfactory agreement with the theory of many aspects of the pipe dynamical carrying incompressible fluid were observed numerically such as, the increase in flow velocity, mass ratio and length reduced from the rigidity of the system and consequently the proper modes. Winkler elastic foundation has a stabilizing effect on the system.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"736-747"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85322464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, the natural frequencies of the pipe transporting an fluid resting on an elastic Winkler-type and the critical velocities of instabilities are obtained by the standard finite element method. A dynamic characteristic of a pipe carrying internal fluid undergoes mechanical load due to inertia effect of fluid, Coriolis force, fluid kinetic force due to fluid flow velocity, dynamic load due to inertia effect on the pipe structure. A numerical modal analysis is realized in the fluid-structure interaction configuration. One dimensional beam finite element is used for investigating the dynamic behavior of the thin pipe. According to the approved method, the different elementary matrices were extracted, which were including to a code called Matlab. We developed a program under Matlab with R2017b version, where computations are in the complex planes. The initial approach is based on some research and analytical models. The numerical results show satisfactory agreement with the analytical results. The increase in flow velocity, mass ratio and length reduced from the rigidity of the system. Regions and range of instabilities are presented by numerical aspects. We determined the influence of the different parameters on the static and dynamic instabilities of the system.
{"title":"Numerical Study of Static and Dynamic Instabilities of Pinned-Pinned Pipe under Different Parameters","authors":"Dahmane Mouloud, Zahaf Samir, Benkhettab Mohamed, Boutchicha Djilali","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2020.725.735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.725.735","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the natural frequencies of the pipe transporting an fluid resting on an elastic Winkler-type and the critical velocities of instabilities are obtained by the standard finite element method. A dynamic characteristic of a pipe carrying internal fluid undergoes mechanical load due to inertia effect of fluid, Coriolis force, fluid kinetic force due to fluid flow velocity, dynamic load due to inertia effect on the pipe structure. A numerical modal analysis is realized in the fluid-structure interaction configuration. One dimensional beam finite element is used for investigating the dynamic behavior of the thin pipe. According to the approved method, the different elementary matrices were extracted, which were including to a code called Matlab. We developed a program under Matlab with R2017b version, where computations are in the complex planes. The initial approach is based on some research and analytical models. The numerical results show satisfactory agreement with the analytical results. The increase in flow velocity, mass ratio and length reduced from the rigidity of the system. Regions and range of instabilities are presented by numerical aspects. We determined the influence of the different parameters on the static and dynamic instabilities of the system.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"725-735"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83606518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-22DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2020.419.425
Ramundo Fulvio Enzo, Fedele Lorenzo
In the field of mobility and road transport, tires are components of a vehicle that play a decisive role in active safety. Monitoring tire conditions can affect different areas: Transport safety, optimization of cycles and maintenance costs and environmental protection. In fact, the tire wear check, possibly through the evaluation of the Remainig Useful Life (RUL), allows to meet many objectives: To ensure the necessary replacement of worn tires (safety target), to optimize the tire replacement cycles (maintenance target), avoid unnecessary early replacements (cost reduction target), reduce the amount of waste to be disposed of (environmental protection target). In this study two innovative methodologies, referable to technologies of Industry 4.0 field, are examined for the monitoring of tire wear: The first provides for direct monitoring through the use of "IoT" technology, the second provides for indirect monitoring through the use of "Big Data" technology. The scope and the limits of application are defined preliminarily, then the two methodologies are described according to the operating principle, in order to highlight merits and defects, finally a comparison of the two methodologies is provided. The proposed methodologies also allow to redesign the tires, developing new and safer products, with a flexible and integrated vision, which concerns the economic, social and environmental aspects from the perspective of managing the entire product life cycle (LCM - Life Cycle Management).
{"title":"An Heuristic Approach Toward Innovative Tire Re-Design Through Advanced Technologies","authors":"Ramundo Fulvio Enzo, Fedele Lorenzo","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2020.419.425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.419.425","url":null,"abstract":"In the field of mobility and road transport, tires are components of a vehicle that play a decisive role in active safety. Monitoring tire conditions can affect different areas: Transport safety, optimization of cycles and maintenance costs and environmental protection. In fact, the tire wear check, possibly through the evaluation of the Remainig Useful Life (RUL), allows to meet many objectives: To ensure the necessary replacement of worn tires (safety target), to optimize the tire replacement cycles (maintenance target), avoid unnecessary early replacements (cost reduction target), reduce the amount of waste to be disposed of (environmental protection target). In this study two innovative methodologies, referable to technologies of Industry 4.0 field, are examined for the monitoring of tire wear: The first provides for direct monitoring through the use of \"IoT\" technology, the second provides for indirect monitoring through the use of \"Big Data\" technology. The scope and the limits of application are defined preliminarily, then the two methodologies are described according to the operating principle, in order to highlight merits and defects, finally a comparison of the two methodologies is provided. The proposed methodologies also allow to redesign the tires, developing new and safer products, with a flexible and integrated vision, which concerns the economic, social and environmental aspects from the perspective of managing the entire product life cycle (LCM - Life Cycle Management).","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"60 1","pages":"419-425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87353369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-07DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2020.375.382
Abdullah Al-Ghafis, M. Basha
Present days, I.C engines are the fundamental parts of shipping and automatic farming system, etc. Hence there is an exponentially up-surge in utilization of Diesel and gasoline products. At the same time Diesel is an exhaustive source of energy and recent pitch in Diesel prices have focused interest in bio-fuels and also it has resulted that biodiesel-oiled engines produce comparatively fewer CO, unburned HC and smoke emissions, but higher emissions of NOx. Exhaust Gas Recirculation is observed as best technique to reduce NOx emission in recent days as the flame-temperature inside the cylinder decreases. A one-cylinder, H2O cooled with constant speed DICI engine was used for the research. In exhaust gas quantity of CO, HC, NOx and smoke opacity was determined to estimate the emissions and to assess performance of test-rig BTE, BSFC, Air/Fuel ratio, ME, VE and EGT parameters were considered. Both for base and combination of PME performance and emission parameters were evaluated at 20% EGR, CR 17.5 and FIP 200 bar. Collaboration of EGR with combination of PME increased concentration resulted in slightly reduced BTE, increased BSFC, decreased Air/Fuel ratio, decreased VE, increased EGT, minute decrement in ME and absolute lower NOx emissions, little increase in HC and small increment in smoke opacity. Overall, it is practical that at full load PME60 has similar or significant impact on performance and emission variables compared with baseline.
{"title":"Experimental Analysis on the Running of CI Engine with Pongamia Oil-Diesel as Fuel for Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) Technique","authors":"Abdullah Al-Ghafis, M. Basha","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2020.375.382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.375.382","url":null,"abstract":"Present days, I.C engines are the fundamental parts of shipping and automatic farming system, etc. Hence there is an exponentially up-surge in utilization of Diesel and gasoline products. At the same time Diesel is an exhaustive source of energy and recent pitch in Diesel prices have focused interest in bio-fuels and also it has resulted that biodiesel-oiled engines produce comparatively fewer CO, unburned HC and smoke emissions, but higher emissions of NOx. Exhaust Gas Recirculation is observed as best technique to reduce NOx emission in recent days as the flame-temperature inside the cylinder decreases. A one-cylinder, H2O cooled with constant speed DICI engine was used for the research. In exhaust gas quantity of CO, HC, NOx and smoke opacity was determined to estimate the emissions and to assess performance of test-rig BTE, BSFC, Air/Fuel ratio, ME, VE and EGT parameters were considered. Both for base and combination of PME performance and emission parameters were evaluated at 20% EGR, CR 17.5 and FIP 200 bar. Collaboration of EGR with combination of PME increased concentration resulted in slightly reduced BTE, increased BSFC, decreased Air/Fuel ratio, decreased VE, increased EGT, minute decrement in ME and absolute lower NOx emissions, little increase in HC and small increment in smoke opacity. Overall, it is practical that at full load PME60 has similar or significant impact on performance and emission variables compared with baseline.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"8 6 1","pages":"375-382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78492668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-31DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2020.390.401
M. L. Akinluyi, O. Adeleye, S. O. Olumide, Akinniyi Tunde Akinyemi
This study examined the various challenges involved in urban residential land use and control in Orita Obele housing estate, Akure Ondo-State Nigeria with a view to providing information that will inform decision making on land and building development in the study area. Questionnaire were administered on One Hundred and Sixty-eight (168) housing units selected using a systematic random sampling. Data were analyzed using Descriptive, Bivariate and Multivariate Analysis. The result of the survey indicates that majority of the land owners (53.5%) acquired between (1) one and (3) three plots of land for their housing development in the study area and many of these residential land users (36.9%) and (20.2%) developed only (1) one and (2) two plots respectively for residential purpose. It was further discovered that majority (86.9%) of the land owners had gone through the approval processes of their survey by signing their survey plan with the relevant government agency in the state. However, 53.6% of the landowners are of the opinion that undue delay in signing the survey plan from state surveyor general had very low influence on their construction activities. The results from this study suggested more affordable residential land to be provided by the state government or stakeholders for adequate and proper planning of the housing environment to give room for more quality air space and comfort within the environment. The study will be useful as reference materials to inform policy for land and building development control in the residential environment, Akure Ondo-State.
{"title":"Assessment of Urban Residential Land Use, Challenges and Control in Orita Obele Housing Estate, Akure, Nigeria","authors":"M. L. Akinluyi, O. Adeleye, S. O. Olumide, Akinniyi Tunde Akinyemi","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2020.390.401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.390.401","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the various challenges involved in urban residential land use and control in Orita Obele housing estate, Akure Ondo-State Nigeria with a view to providing information that will inform decision making on land and building development in the study area. Questionnaire were administered on One Hundred and Sixty-eight (168) housing units selected using a systematic random sampling. Data were analyzed using Descriptive, Bivariate and Multivariate Analysis. The result of the survey indicates that majority of the land owners (53.5%) acquired between (1) one and (3) three plots of land for their housing development in the study area and many of these residential land users (36.9%) and (20.2%) developed only (1) one and (2) two plots respectively for residential purpose. It was further discovered that majority (86.9%) of the land owners had gone through the approval processes of their survey by signing their survey plan with the relevant government agency in the state. However, 53.6% of the landowners are of the opinion that undue delay in signing the survey plan from state surveyor general had very low influence on their construction activities. The results from this study suggested more affordable residential land to be provided by the state government or stakeholders for adequate and proper planning of the housing environment to give room for more quality air space and comfort within the environment. The study will be useful as reference materials to inform policy for land and building development control in the residential environment, Akure Ondo-State.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"41 1","pages":"390-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82586987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-07DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2020.327.332
S. Ameer
An Eigen formulation is proposed for image thresholding/segmentation. A vector composed of local features, normalized intensity of each pixel and that of the neighboring pixels, is used to represent each pixel. A “complement” component is appended to this vector to produce a “unit” vector. The auto-correlation matrix is computed for each pixel in the image using this unit vector. The first component (corresponding to the intensity of the current pixel) from all Eigen vectors, obtained from the auto-correlation matrix, are used as multi-level thresholds. Similar procedure can be adopted using powers of the current pixel intensity value. In general, more than one threshold can be obtained. Results on a wide range of images are demonstrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
{"title":"Local Features Supported by the Complement Feature for Image Segmentation","authors":"S. Ameer","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2020.327.332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.327.332","url":null,"abstract":"An Eigen formulation is proposed for image thresholding/segmentation. A vector composed of local features, normalized intensity of each pixel and that of the neighboring pixels, is used to represent each pixel. A “complement” component is appended to this vector to produce a “unit” vector. The auto-correlation matrix is computed for each pixel in the image using this unit vector. The first component (corresponding to the intensity of the current pixel) from all Eigen vectors, obtained from the auto-correlation matrix, are used as multi-level thresholds. Similar procedure can be adopted using powers of the current pixel intensity value. In general, more than one threshold can be obtained. Results on a wide range of images are demonstrated to show the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"327-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75118419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-17DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2020.283.295
Mohsen Nekooei, J. Koupai, S. Eslamian, V. Singh, K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari
Cumulative Rainfall Departure model (CRD) is widely used for estimation of ground natural recharge. This model is based on the groundwater balance and it requires random parameters. Moreover, an increase in the static level under artificial recharge facility is simulated using diffusion equations. Since Shahreza Plain is located in an arid and semi-arid area and given that rainfall is the major recharge source in such regions, in this study CRD model is applied in order to estimate natural recharge of Shahreza Plain groundwater. The amount of groundwater basin fed by rainfall was estimated about 177.2 million cubic meters using the CRD model. Also, by investigating and comparing available artificial recharge plans in Shahreza Plain it was known that in Kohrouyeh Project due to high soil permeability the increase in water table depth was higher than other projects and it achieves the maximum level of the water table within less time. By investigating the course of groundwater quality change in upstream and downstream boreholes of artificial recharge plans and given dewatering periods, we found that artificial recharge plans are generally effective in improving groundwater quality in the direction of groundwater movement but these changes are not significant. Hence, it is demonstrated that groundwater change mostly depends on the groundwater drop.
{"title":"Estimation of Natural and Artificial Recharge of Shahreza Plain Groundwater in Isfahan Using CRD and Hantush Models","authors":"Mohsen Nekooei, J. Koupai, S. Eslamian, V. Singh, K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2020.283.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.283.295","url":null,"abstract":"Cumulative Rainfall Departure model (CRD) is widely used for estimation of ground natural recharge. This model is based on the groundwater balance and it requires random parameters. Moreover, an increase in the static level under artificial recharge facility is simulated using diffusion equations. Since Shahreza Plain is located in an arid and semi-arid area and given that rainfall is the major recharge source in such regions, in this study CRD model is applied in order to estimate natural recharge of Shahreza Plain groundwater. The amount of groundwater basin fed by rainfall was estimated about 177.2 million cubic meters using the CRD model. Also, by investigating and comparing available artificial recharge plans in Shahreza Plain it was known that in Kohrouyeh Project due to high soil permeability the increase in water table depth was higher than other projects and it achieves the maximum level of the water table within less time. By investigating the course of groundwater quality change in upstream and downstream boreholes of artificial recharge plans and given dewatering periods, we found that artificial recharge plans are generally effective in improving groundwater quality in the direction of groundwater movement but these changes are not significant. Hence, it is demonstrated that groundwater change mostly depends on the groundwater drop.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"283-295"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73271385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-09DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2020.296.310
Omar Almenaif, Yaqoub Alhumaydani, M. Alnafisah, M. Aldhalaan, A. I. Alateyah, W. El-Garaihy
In this study, the response surface method and finite-element analysis were employed to model the ECAP processing for biodegradable magnesium alloy ZK 60 behavior at 250°C. Using Finite-Element (FE) analysis data was extracted and compared to the what was found by experimenting in order to investigate the effects of the ECAP processing parameters on the plastic deformation behavior of the ECAPed samples. The effective strain and stresses as a function of the number of passes were investigated. Hardness contour maps perpendicular to ECAP direction were plotted. Compressive properties of the billets were also examined. The FE analysis revealed that the maximum stresses were displayed at the corner and peripheral areas compared to the central areas. Moreover, straining through two passes of route Bc displayed maximum effective strain of 2.75 recorded in the top peripheral regions, whereas the central regions displayed 1.25. In addition, ECAP processing via 2-Bc correlated with rises in Hv values in the samples peripheries by 125.4% respectively, when compared with the as-annealed conditions. The compression findings showed also significant enhancement of the compressive strength compared to the as-annealed counterparts.
{"title":"A Computational Investigation into the Effect of Equal Channel Angular Processing on the Mechanical Properties of Severely Deformed ZK 60 Alloy Validated by Experiments","authors":"Omar Almenaif, Yaqoub Alhumaydani, M. Alnafisah, M. Aldhalaan, A. I. Alateyah, W. El-Garaihy","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2020.296.310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.296.310","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the response surface method and finite-element analysis were employed to model the ECAP processing for biodegradable magnesium alloy ZK 60 behavior at 250°C. Using Finite-Element (FE) analysis data was extracted and compared to the what was found by experimenting in order to investigate the effects of the ECAP processing parameters on the plastic deformation behavior of the ECAPed samples. The effective strain and stresses as a function of the number of passes were investigated. Hardness contour maps perpendicular to ECAP direction were plotted. Compressive properties of the billets were also examined. The FE analysis revealed that the maximum stresses were displayed at the corner and peripheral areas compared to the central areas. Moreover, straining through two passes of route Bc displayed maximum effective strain of 2.75 recorded in the top peripheral regions, whereas the central regions displayed 1.25. In addition, ECAP processing via 2-Bc correlated with rises in Hv values in the samples peripheries by 125.4% respectively, when compared with the as-annealed conditions. The compression findings showed also significant enhancement of the compressive strength compared to the as-annealed counterparts.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"17 2 1","pages":"296-310"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88478401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-08DOI: 10.3844/ajeassp.2020.311.317
S. Ameer
A new feature (the complement feature) is proposed in an Eigen formulations for performing global image thresholding. The goal is to find an intensity or gray-level value below which is the background while above it is the foreground (object). Each pixel in the image is represented by a (2D) unit vector where the x-component is the normalized (to [0,1] or [-1,1]) intensity of the pixel, while the y-component is its complement (e.g., Euclidian L2-Norm). The correlation matrix can then constructed to find the cross-correlation, Eigen vectors (axes of inertia) and Eigen values (description of respective sizes). Several implementations for each of the three previously mentioned categories are proposed to perform image thresholding. Interestingly, some of the proposed implementations do not require exhaustive search and a direct solution can be obtained. The results are promising on a wide range of images as demonstrated by comparison with the well-known Otsu method.
{"title":"Image Thresholding Using the Complement Feature","authors":"S. Ameer","doi":"10.3844/ajeassp.2020.311.317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/ajeassp.2020.311.317","url":null,"abstract":"A new feature (the complement feature) is proposed in an Eigen formulations for performing global image thresholding. The goal is to find an intensity or gray-level value below which is the background while above it is the foreground (object). Each pixel in the image is represented by a (2D) unit vector where the x-component is the normalized (to [0,1] or [-1,1]) intensity of the pixel, while the y-component is its complement (e.g., Euclidian L2-Norm). The correlation matrix can then constructed to find the cross-correlation, Eigen vectors (axes of inertia) and Eigen values (description of respective sizes). Several implementations for each of the three previously mentioned categories are proposed to perform image thresholding. Interestingly, some of the proposed implementations do not require exhaustive search and a direct solution can be obtained. The results are promising on a wide range of images as demonstrated by comparison with the well-known Otsu method.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"322 ","pages":"311-317"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91458235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-06DOI: 10.3844/AJEASSP.2020.173.181
Sara Abdollahi, Meysam Madadi, Soleyman Ghorbanzadeh, S. Eslamian, K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari, V. Singh
Sistan (Zabol) region is located in Sistan and Baluchestan province and in southeastern part of Iran. The specific atmospheric condition of this region, especially high-speed and continuous winds, can provide the necessary condition for Electricity generation from wind power. 120-day winds of Sistan region are one of the renewable energy sources in the province, which has been neglected in recent years. This paper examines how to beneficially use this power source, in particular to generate electricity, using field research, written reports, reviewing wind speed atlases and wind energy in the region and interviewing authorities and relevant organizations. The results demonstrate that, considering the climatic features and recent drought in the region, correct use of wind energy can lead to creating new line of employment, preventing the emission of fossil fuels, exporting electricity to neighboring countries in need of electricity and saving on fossil fuel sources. To achieve these goals, more attention and cooperation from related authorities and government and private sector investment is significantly required.
{"title":"The Appropriate Use of Wind Energy in Sistan Region to Generate Electricity","authors":"Sara Abdollahi, Meysam Madadi, Soleyman Ghorbanzadeh, S. Eslamian, K. Ostad‑Ali‑Askari, V. Singh","doi":"10.3844/AJEASSP.2020.173.181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3844/AJEASSP.2020.173.181","url":null,"abstract":"Sistan (Zabol) region is located in Sistan and Baluchestan province and in southeastern part of Iran. The specific atmospheric condition of this region, especially high-speed and continuous winds, can provide the necessary condition for Electricity generation from wind power. 120-day winds of Sistan region are one of the renewable energy sources in the province, which has been neglected in recent years. This paper examines how to beneficially use this power source, in particular to generate electricity, using field research, written reports, reviewing wind speed atlases and wind energy in the region and interviewing authorities and relevant organizations. The results demonstrate that, considering the climatic features and recent drought in the region, correct use of wind energy can lead to creating new line of employment, preventing the emission of fossil fuels, exporting electricity to neighboring countries in need of electricity and saving on fossil fuel sources. To achieve these goals, more attention and cooperation from related authorities and government and private sector investment is significantly required.","PeriodicalId":7425,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences","volume":"72 1","pages":"173-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81529050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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