Alzheimer's & Dementia最新文献

{"title":"An evaluation of a community dementia screening program in rural Kenya: DEM-SKY.","authors":"Nicolas Farina, Christine W Musyimi, Kevin Onuonga, David M Ndetei","doi":"10.1002/alz.14513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.14513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study describes the implementation outcomes and evaluation of DEM-SKY, a community-based dementia screening program developed in rural Kenya with the support of community health care workers (CHWs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>DEM-SKY was delivered to 3546 older adults in Makueni County, Kenya, over a 6-month period. Using a mixed-methods design, we explored implementation outcomes with stakeholders through surveys and interviews.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The program demonstrated good acceptability, adoption, and fidelity and was effective in instigating behavior change. Individuals who screened positive for dementia were 28.7 times more likely to intend to speak to a doctor. Qualitative data showed that participants valued the program but indicated scope for improvement, particularly further down the diagnostic pathway.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>DEM-SKY was successful across several implementation metrics. Although the program demonstrates that community-based screening can be conducted effectively with minimal resources, future research needs to explore the long-term benefits of dementia screening in Kenya.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Community-based dementia screening is feasible in rural Africa. Involving community health workers strengthens trust in health care systems. Empowering community health workers enhances the community capacity to address dementia Screening promotes proactive health seeking among older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":7471,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer's & Dementia","volume":" ","pages":"e14513"},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142977133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition of IFITM3 in cerebrovascular endothelium alleviates Alzheimer's-related phenotypes","authors":"Yijia Feng, Shengya Wang, Danlu Yang, Wu Zheng, Huwei Xia, Qinxin Zhu, Zhipeng Wang, Bolang Hu, Xinyi Jiang, Xuemei Qin, Chenkang Ni, Wenhao Pan, Yifan Zhao, Sipei Pan, Yun Zhang, Weihong Song","doi":"10.1002/alz.14543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.14543","url":null,"abstract":"Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) modulates γ-secretase in Alzheimer's Disease (AD). Although IFITM3 knockout reduces amyloid β protein (Aβ) production, its cell-specific effect on AD remains unclear.","PeriodicalId":7471,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer's & Dementia","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142975246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychological test performance in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Kathryn A Wyman-Chick, Ece Bayram, Stephanie Gravett, Fabrizia D'Antonio, Federico Rodriguez-Porcel, Joseph P M Kane, Tanis J Ferman, Barbara A Olson-Bullis, Bradley F Boeve, Laura Bonanni, Daniel Ferreira","doi":"10.1002/alz.14450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.14450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We sought to characterize the cognitive profile among individuals with mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB) to help guide future clinical criteria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Systematic review and meta-analysis included MCI-LB studies with cognitive data from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and PsycINFO (January 1990 to March 2023). MCI-LB scores were compared to controls, MCI due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD), and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) groups with random-effects models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 26 studies and 2823 participants. Across all domains, the MCI-LB group performed worse than controls and better than DLB. Compared to MCI-AD, the MCI-LB group performed worse in attention/processing speed (g = -0.24, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.35, -0.12), attention/executive (g = -0.42, 95% CI: -0.56, -0.28); better in verbal immediate recall (g = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.59) and delayed memory (g = 0.40; 95% CI: 0.22, 0.58).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The cognitive profiles in MCI-LB and MCI-AD are consistent with established profiles in DLB and AD. Neuropsychological assessment may be helpful in differential diagnosis, even in early disease states.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis for cognition in mild cognitive impairment with Lewy bodies (MCI-LB). Compared to MCI due to Alzheimer's disease (MCI-AD), MCI-LB had worse attention, executive function, and processing speed. Compared to MCI-AD, MCI-LB had better verbal immediate and delayed recall. The MCI-LB group was worse on all cognitive domains than controls, and better than dementia with Lewy bodies. Studies used different tests and there is a need for global efforts for harmonization.</p>","PeriodicalId":7471,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer's & Dementia","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":13.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142942564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LATE‐NC IN THE VERY ELDERLY– THE POPULATION‐BASED VANTAA 85+ ‐STUD","authors":"Elizaveta Mikhailenko, Kia Colangelo, Jarno Tuimala, Mia Kero, Sara Emilia Savola, Anna Raunio, Eloise H Kok, Maarit Tanskanen, Mira Mäkelä, Henri Puttonen, Mikko I. Mäyränpää, Darshan Kumar, Karri Kaivola, Anders Paetau, Pentti Tienari, Tuomo Polvikoski, Liisa Myllykangas","doi":"10.1002/alz.094649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.094649","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundPopulation‐based cohort studies play a crucial role in unraveling the underlying causes of dementia among older individuals. While previous research has indicated an increase in limbic‐predominant age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy neuropathological change (LATE‐NC) with age, only limited investigations have delved into this phenomenon within a population‐based context. In this study, we examined the prevalence of LATE‐NC and its correlations with other brain pathologies and cognitive function in individuals aged &gt; 85 years.MethodEvaluation of the Vantaa 85+ study cohort, comprising 601 individuals aged &gt;85 years residing in Vantaa, Finland in 1991, formed the basis of our investigation. Neuropathological assessments were conducted on 304 subjects (51%), with LATE‐NC staging feasible for 295. Dementia status and Mini‐Mental State Examination scores were established during baseline and three follow‐up assessments spanning from 1994 to 1999. LATE‐NC staging relied on TDP‐43 immunohistochemistry, following recently updated guidelines. Digital evaluation of arteriolosclerosis involved calculating the average sclerotic index of five randomly selected small arterioles in the amygdala, hippocampal regions, and frontal white matter. Fisher’s exact test, along with linear and logistic regression models, were employed to analyse associations between LATE‐NC, arteriolosclerosis, previously identified neuropathological variables (such as Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological change, Lewy‐related pathology, hippocampal sclerosis, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy), and cognitive metrics.ResultAmong the 295 subjects, LATE‐NC was present in 189 (64%), with stage 2 being the most prevalent (29%) followed by stage 3 (13%), while stages 1a, 1b, and 1c were less frequent (10%, 5%, and 8%, respectively). Stages 1a (P&lt; 0.01), 2 (P&lt; 0.001), and 3 (P&lt; 0.001) were significantly associated with dementia and lower Mini‐Mental State Examination scores. LATE‐NC exhibited strong associations with Alzheimer’s disease neuropathological change (P&lt; 0.001), hippocampal sclerosis (P&lt; 0.001), diffuse neocortical Lewy‐related pathology type (P&lt; 0.001), and amygdala arteriolosclerosis (P&lt; 0.006). Across all six multivariate models, LATE‐NC emerged as one of the most robust independent predictors of dementia. Notably, LATE‐NC commonly co‐occurred with other neuropathological changes, with only a negligible percentage (&lt;0.5%) of cases attributing dementia solely to LATE‐NC.ConclusionThis population‐based inquiry underscores the significant role of LATE‐NC as an independent determinant of dementia within the general late‐life population.","PeriodicalId":7471,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer's & Dementia","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body mass index moderates the relationship between the apnea‐hypopnea index and CSF biomarker of activated microglia","authors":"Julia Bink, Yue Ma, Bryce A Mander, David T Plante, Margherita Carboni, Norbert Wild, Nathaniel A. Chin, Ozioma C Okonkwo, Cynthia M. Carlsson, Carey E. Gleason, Sanjay Asthana, Sterling C. Johnson, Kaj Blennow, Henrik Zetterberg, Ruth M Benca, Barbara B. Bendlin","doi":"10.1002/alz.095742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.095742","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundPrior studies suggest that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) may be associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology, including Aβ42/Aβ40 and p‐Tau181. However, less is known about relationships between OSA and non‐AD pathology, including neurofilament light chain (NfL), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100, chitinase 3‐like 1 (YKL40), and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), as well as the effect of potential moderating factors. The present study investigated the relationship between the apnea‐hypopnea index (AHI) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD and related pathology.MethodIn this cross‐sectional study, 73 cognitively unimpaired adults with no prior OSA diagnosis underwent an overnight PSG and/or testing with an at home ApneaLink. Participants completed a lumbar puncture to determine Aβ42/Aβ40, pTau181, NfL, GFAP, s100, YKL‐40, and sTREM2 as part of the Roche NeuroToolKit research platform (Roche International). Relationships between AHI and CSF biomarkers were tested using multiple linear regression adjusting for age, sex, <jats:italic>APOE</jats:italic> genotype, and BMI. Given prior studies suggesting potential interaction effects, we also examined interactions between AHI and <jats:italic>APOE</jats:italic> and interactions between AHI and BMI.ResultAHI determined using PSG and at home Apnealink were highly correlated (r = 0.78, p &lt; 0.01). There were no significant main effects of AHI on any of the CSF biomarkers, controlling for covariates (p &gt; 0.05). Further, there was no significant interaction between <jats:italic>APOE</jats:italic> and AHI (p &gt; 0.05). We found a significant interaction between BMI and AHI, such that participants with lower BMI showed higher sTREM2 with greater AHI, (p = 0.02; Figure 1). However, this positive relationship diminished with higher BMI.ConclusionOSA and obesity are intrinsically linked processes, however prior studies in sleep have also shown that these factors have interactive effects on several outcomes, including measures of inflammation and cognitive function. Here, we found that individuals who had lower BMI showed a potentially deleterious effect of AHI on measures of microglial activation. Additional studies are needed to determine whether these results are due to possible protective effects of higher BMI, or differences in sleep quality among individuals with high and low BMI.","PeriodicalId":7471,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer's & Dementia","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plasma synapse proteins discriminate between AD, DLB, and FTD dementias and closely predict memory dysfunction","authors":"Raquel N Taddei, Pia Kivisäkk, Matthijs B de Geus, Charles N Klein, Henrik Zetterberg, Teresa Gomez‐Isla, Steven E Arnold","doi":"10.1002/alz.094710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.094710","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundRobust biomarkers are urgently needed to detect, diagnose, and predict memory decline in the three most common neurodegenerative dementia syndromes, Alzheimer disease (AD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). The currently used diagnostic and therapeutic compounds target the disease‐defining neuropathologic signatures (amyloid, tau, alpha‐synuclein, TDP43) but show limited efficacy. Growing evidence suggests that synapses form the anatomical basis of cognition and that synapse dysfunction closely predicts dementia onset and progression in these dementing disorders. Yet, the plasma synapse signatures characterizing the three most common neurodegenerative dementia syndromes remain unexplored.MethodWe analyzed plasma samples from 100 individuals with autopsy‐confirmed neurodegenerative dementias (24 AD, 30 DLB, 30 FTD) and 16 controls without dementia or neuropathological abnormalities enrolled in the Massachusetts ADRC longitudinal cohort. Samples were obtained ≤3 years prior to death and analyzed using unbiased mass‐spectrometry (Proteograph<jats:sup>TM</jats:sup> Seer Inc.). Plasma proteins were cross‐referenced with the SynGO database to select synaptic, and with the Human Protein Atlas to include brain‐expressed proteins. ANOVAs, Bonferroni corrections, and t‐tests were applied using R functions on log‐transformed data. Linear correlation analyses evaluated associations of synapse protein levels and cognitive scores (MoCA, CDR‐global, CDR‐SoB) in each dementia syndrome.ResultWe detected &gt;80 synaptic proteins in the plasma of the 100 cases. A subset of 14 plasma synapse proteins significantly differed between dementia cases and controls. Some synapse proteins were increased across dementia syndromes (HABP4, RAP2A), while subsets of them were selectively altered in only one specific neurodegenerative condition (ARL8A, WASF3, AP1S1 in AD; ADDB, L1CAM in DLB; SRGP2, PP2BA, MADD, DEMA, NCAN in FTD). Significant correlations with memory scores were found for some synapse proteins (ARL8A, RAB3C in AD, ADDB in DLB, and DEMA in FTD).ConclusionSynapse‐associated proteins are altered in the plasma of AD, DLB, and FTD, compared with non‐demented control cases. Select synapse protein signatures may serve as biomarkers to detect global cognitive dysfunction in various dementing diseases, and to accurately discriminate between dementia syndromes. The future investigation and validation of plasma synaptic biomarkers may provide an unprecedented tool for the detection and differential diagnosis of neurodegenerative dementia syndromes in research and clinical settings.","PeriodicalId":7471,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer's & Dementia","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"I struggle watching her diminish: Caregivers experiences of caring for loved ones with Alzheimer’s","authors":"Lucy Wambui Kamau, Edna N Bosire, Karen Blackmon, Chi Udeh‐Momoh, Olivera Nesic‐Taylor, Dilraj Sokhi, Sylvia Mbugua, Vaibhav Narayan, Zul Merali","doi":"10.1002/alz.090400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.090400","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects patients’ ability to perform activities of daily living thus requiring assistance from their loved ones. The progressive nature of the disease unravels new and continuous challenges for the caregivers posing a huge burden on caregiving. However, there is little research in Sub‐ Saharan African countries including Kenya, on caregiver’s experiences managing patients with Alzheimer’s disease. We conducted an ethnographic study at the Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH) to understand caregivers’ experiences and practices caring for patients with Alzheimer’s disease.MethodsWe purposively recruited 30 caregivers who have been managing patients with Alzheimer’s disease from the Neurology clinic at AKUH. We conducted semi‐structured in‐ depth interviews in English or Swahili, which lasted for about 60 minutes to completion. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analyzed thematically with the aid of Nvivo‐12 software.ResultsKey themes identified from data included: (a) Caregiver knowledge and skills in managing patients (b) Caregiving burden (emotional, psychological, physical, financial) (c) dealing with patient’s changing personality, moods, and loss of self‐identity (d) fulfilment and privilege taking care of loved ones (e) navigating through self‐chores and caregiving roles. Overall, most caregivers lacked knowledge and skills for managing patients with Alzheimer’s. Given the limited resources, awareness and support of Alzheimer’s in Kenya, we found that caregivers carried the burden of taking care of their loved ones with some reporting mental health issues related to caregiving burden. In addition, lack of skills and training on how to manage patients’ changing personalities and patients’ loss of identity left many caregivers frustrated and worn out. Despite the challenges, caregivers had a sense of fulfilment taking care of their loved ones.ConclusionCaregivers of Alzheimer’s disease in Kenya require support from healthcare providers and other stakeholders in terms of trainings and capacity building skills to enable them to provide optimal care for the patients. They also require psychosocial support to maintain a healthy balance between their daily life activities and those of caregiving.","PeriodicalId":7471,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer's & Dementia","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142936996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying an EEG Biomarker for Memory Recall through EEG and EDA in the Presence of Music","authors":"Rupak Kumar Das, Arshia A Khan, Nabiha Zainab Imtiaz","doi":"10.1002/alz.085800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.085800","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundThere is ample evidence that music can boost brain activity and jog deeply embedded memories. Literature indicates a significant improvement in autobiographical memory (ABM) recall for different individuals during background music sessions. Existing research is based solely on qualitative data, although music has a significant impact on physiological activity. Thus, it's important to explore the connection between memory recall and physiological activities.MethodTo better understand memory recall, the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrodermal activity (EDA) data were gathered from healthy participants using wearable sensors. Physiological signals such as the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrodermal activity (EDA) were recorded as quantitative data using various wearable sensors from 40 participants of different age groups while playing different background music sessions. The study involved listening to nine music sessions (three happy, three sad, and three neutral). Immediately after each piece of music, a post‐study survey was conducted to gauge if the participants recalled any autobiographical memories. A machine learning algorithm was developed to train a model using features collected from physiological data to determine if the memory recall was successful. The purpose of the study was to identify an EEG biomarker.ResultThe results of the EEG and EDA data analysis revealed that for all four EEG channels, there was a consistent increase in the alpha power (on average 16.2%) during the memory “recall” scenario (F3: <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0066, F7: <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0386, F4: <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0023, and F8: <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0288) compared to the “no‐recall” control. There was also a significant surge in the Beta power for two channels (F3: <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0100 and F4: <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0210) but not for the control (F7: <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.6792 and F8: <jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0814). Additionally, the EDA data analysis revealed significant differences in the phasic standard deviation (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0260), phasic max (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0011), phasic energy (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0478), tonic min (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0092), tonic standard deviation (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0171), and phasic energy (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> = 0.0478). This implies that the memory recall biomarker is alpha power (8–12 Hz).ConclusionThe results indicate that the biomarker for memory recall is alpha power (8‐12Hz).","PeriodicalId":7471,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer's & Dementia","volume":"129 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Neuropsychological MCI Classification through Olfactory Testing","authors":"Prasanna Karunanayaka, Biyar Ahmed, Rommy Elyan, Senal Peiris, Ran Pang, Sangam Kanekar, Paul Eslinger, Qing Yang","doi":"10.1002/alz.093428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.093428","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundAs new therapeutic options emerge, earlier diagnosis is crucial for improving prevention and early intervention. The current standard for screening for MCI and AD involves comprehensive neuropsychological tests prior to performing invasive testing such as lumbar punctures or PET scans. Neuropsychological tests, however, can be variable and confounded by compensatory effects in MCI. Therefore, a more objective means of assessing cognitive deficits would be beneficial. Prominent olfactory deficits have been shown to be prevalent in early MCI and AD and can precede symptoms of memory and cognitive decline. In this study, the relationship between cognition and olfaction was investigated using comprehensive neuropsychological and olfactory testing in cognitively normal (CN) and MCI subjects.Method26 CN (18 females, age 65.15 ± 5.44) and 19 MCI (10 females, age 70.10 ± 7.48) participated in this study. Subjects underwent computerized multiple‐choice olfactory identification testing and forced choice olfactory threshold testing. Normalization tables were used to minimize age as a potential confounding variable. To establish a potential composite score, Principal component analysis (PCA) was performed on neuropsychological test scores which was followed by a logistic regression analysis correlating participant status (CN or MCI) versus the PCs with and without olfactory measures. An ANOVA was performed to assess the significance between these two models.ResultOur findings show significant differences in a wide array of neuropsychological and olfactory measures (Table 1). Measures with a p‐value greater than 0.1 were excluded from the two PCs generated for the PCA. A logistic regression was performed with results and ANOVA findings shown in Table 2.ConclusionOlfactory testing improves the ability to differentiate between CN and MCI (Table 2), suggesting that observed olfactory deficits go above and beyond the cognitive impairments measured by neuropsychological tests in the MCI cohort. Our analysis suggests that olfactory testing can improve the sensitivity of the overall assessment of screening for early MCI diagnosis and can be potentially incorporated in a composite score. Since this is an ongoing longitudinal study, testing will be repeated, enabling further insight into the relationship between olfaction, neurodegeneration, and cognition.","PeriodicalId":7471,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer's & Dementia","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serum brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and progression to MCI in cognitively normal older adults","authors":"Kyungtae Kim, Min Soo Byun, Dahyun Yi, Joon Hyung Jung, Bo Kyung Sohn, Gijung Jung, Hyejin Ahn, Jun‐Young Lee, Yun‐Sang Lee, Yu Kyeong Kim, Dong Young Lee","doi":"10.1002/alz.088177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.088177","url":null,"abstract":"BackgroundBrain derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) has been associated with improved neuronal survival and synaptic plasticity and long‐term memory. Some human studies also reported the relationship between lower blood BDNF levels and poorer memory function and dementia. A prior longitudinal study also demonstrated higher serum BDNF levels were associated with lower risk of overall dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. However, it remains uncertain whether reduced serum BDNF levels precede the onset of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is known as pre‐dementia stage. This study aimed to examine whether higher serum BDNF in cognitively normal (CN) older adults is related to less common progression to MCI and to identify potential moderators of this relationship.MethodA total of 278 CN older adults between 55 and 90 years of age were enrolled. All participants underwent comprehensive clinical assessments, serum BDNF level measurement, and multimodal brain imaging including Pittsburgh compound B (PIB)‐positron emission tomography (PET) at baseline, and followed up for up to 4 years. Serum BDNF levels were divided into two categories by median value of serum BDNF level: &lt; 21448.5 pg/mL (low BDNF), and &gt; 21448.5 pg/mL (high BDNF). Cox model was used to analyze the relationship between baseline BDNF levels and the risk for MCI progression controlling for potential confounders. We also ran sensitivity analyses stratified by sex, age, education, apolipoprotein E ε4 (APOE4) positivity, and amyloid PET positivity.ResultDuring follow‐up, 24 participants developed MCI. Controlling for age, sex, education and APOE4 positivity, low BDNF group had significantly more frequent progression to MCI than high BDNF group (hazard ratio for MCI, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.17‐7.56; p=0.02) and these association persisted even after controlling for amyloid PET positivity and vascular risk factor score as additional covariates (hazard ratio, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.17‐7.55; p=0.02). Sensitivity analyses revealed that the associations were apparent only among women, participants aged younger than 75 years, those without college degrees, and amyloid negative participants (Table).ConclusionHigher serum BDNF levels may protect against future occurrence of MCI in cognitively healthy older adults. Such influence appears more prominent in women and younger, less educated, or amyloid PET negative individuals.","PeriodicalId":7471,"journal":{"name":"Alzheimer's & Dementia","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":14.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142940216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}