Vertex (Buenos Aires, Argentina)最新文献

Uno de los problemas que abordó Constantino von Economo fueron los fundamentos neuroanatómicos de la inteligencia humana, mediante la combinación de citoarquitectónica cortical y neuroanatomía evolutiva. Postuló el principio de «cerebración progresiva» para denotar la evolución continua de la mente humana y conjeturó sobre la futura adquisición de nuevas estructuras corticales en el cerebro humano. Una de sus reseñas de esas ideas fue traducida por un joven neuropsiquiatra español, Enrique Escardó Peinador, y forma el corpus de la presente presentación. También se destaca la asociación de Economo con neurólogos españoles.

One of the problems that was addressed by Constantin von Economo were the neuroanatomical underpinnings of human intelligence, through the combination of cortical cytoarchitectonics and evolutionary neuroanatomy. He postulated the principle of “progressive cerebration” to denote the continuing evolution of the human mind, and conjectured on the future acquisition of new cortical structures in the human brain. One of his reviews of those ideas was translated by a young Spanish neuropsychiatrist, Enrique Escardó Peinador, and forms the corpus of the current presentation. The association of Economo with Spanish neurologists is also highlighted.

Introduction: Discrimination heavily impacts the lives of trans population and causes adverse mental health outcomes. Little research has described risk of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt among transgender people in Argentina. Weaimed to assess psychological distress and its determinants in trans persons.

Materials and method: Electronic medical records were reviewed to collect self-reported demographic data, sexual orientation, gender identity, self-harm, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The sample consisted of 934 transgender persons: 359 assigned male at birth and 575 assigned female at birth.

Results: 33.1% reported sexual abuse, 63.3% bullying, 40.9% self-harm, 52.7% suicidal ideation, and 25.2% suicide attempts. Transgender assigned female al birth reported significantly more psychological burdens on all measures. In a multivariate model, being younger, sexual minority identification, being assigned female albirth, having a history of bullying and sexual abuse were positively associated with a history of self-injury and suicidality.

Conclusion: On the basis of the above, we conclude that there is an urgent need to address the welfare and mental health of transgender individuals.

Introduction: Anger is frequent in emotional disorders and is associated with greater severity and worse response to treatment. Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT) interventions can be effective in achieving effective anger management. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of participating in an anger management skills training group.

Methods: Fifteen participants were assessed regarding interpersonal relationships (IIP-32), emotional regulation (DERS), state, trait, expression and control of anger (STAXI-2), quality of life index (QLI-Sp) and self-efficacy were measured. They were evaluated before and after 12 weekly meetings of 2 hours duration.

Results: An increase in perceived self-efficacy to regulate anger (p < .01), and a decrease in levels of emotional dysregulation (p < .01) and estrait temperament (p < .05) were observed. Significant increases were observed in the levels of external and internal expression of anger (p < .05; p < .01), and in the anger expression index (p < .001). No differences were observed with respect to interpersonal problems, temperament-state, external and internal control of anger, or quality of life.

Results and conclusions: The effective anger management skills training group demonstrated favourable results for some characteristics associated with anger. The increase in others would be related to the conceptual framework of anger of the different psychometric tools and the DBT model. This study shows promising preliminary results for a DBT-basedskills training group for effective anger management.

Introduction: Physical and emotional torment towards animals during childhood and emerging adulthood has been associated with the diagnosis of various behavioral disorders. The aim of this study was to adapt and validate the Animal Physical and Emotional Torment Scale (PET) in a sample of university students from the Colombian Caribbean.

Materials and methods: This was a quantitative instrumental study with a cross-sectional design. Three models were exploratively evaluated in 100 university students, and two solutions of the instrument were confirmed in 140 universitystudents.

Results: In the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), two models met the factor allocation criteria. The first model yielded a two-dimensional factorial structure that accounted for 68.39% of the variance in the data, with a significant Bartlett's sphericity (331,099, df=36, p<.002), an acceptable Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy (KMO=.73), and adequate total and dimensional internal consistency (ordinal total α=.825; ordinal subscale 1α=.93, and ordinal subscale 2 α=.75). The second model resulted in a unidimensional factorial structure that explained 73.16% of the variance, with appropriate indicators of sphericity, sample size, and consistency (216.369, df=6, p<.000; KMO=.73, and ordinal total α=.877). The explored solutions were confirmed, as both models showed satisfactory goodness-of-fit indices (two-dimensional model: X2/df=2.33, GFI=.991, AGFI=.969, CFI=.944, NFI=.970, RMSEA=.070, and SRMR=.070; unidimensional model: X2/df=1.98, GFI=.998, AGFI=.987, CFI=.968, NFI=.994, RMSEA=.068, and SRMR=.040).

Discussion and conclusions: The PET scale in its original and reduced versions is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing this construct in the Colombian sociocultural context.

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a neurodegenerative disease resulting from the accumulation of numerous head injuries, for which there is no definitive lifetime diagnosis or specific treatment. Associated risk factors include exposure to contact sports that predispose to repeated clinical and subclinical head injuries, the presence of apolipoprotein E4, and age. On a microscopic scale, a pathognomonic CTE lesion involves p-tau aggregates in neurons, with or without thorn-shaped astrocytes, at the depths of the cortical sulcus around a small blood vessel, deep in the parenchyma in an irregular pattern, which may sometimes be accompanied by other abnormal protein deposits and prevalent in other entities such as beta-amyloid plaques, TDP-43 and/or alpha-synuclein. Clinically, it is characterized by a slow and insidious course that begins with mild cognitive symptoms, behavioral disturbances, and emotional dysregulation and progresses to the onset of Parkinsonian-like motor symptoms and dementia. The only way to definitively diagnose CTE is after death during an autopsy of the brain. Although promising diagnostic criteria have been proposed, they are not currently validated. Biomarkers are being developed to determine the pathophysiological changes of the entity in life without the need for biopsy.

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by problematic levels of inattention, disorganization, and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. It affects various fields of the patient's life such as behavior and their social and academic development. ADHD has a multifactorial etiology, with genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic implications, among others. It is mainly diagnosed in children; however, it can remain until adulthood or be diagnosed until adulthood because it went unnoticed during childhood. There is the possibility that the symptoms arecompensated upon reaching adulthood and do not cause difficulties, but when there are environmental alterations or comorbidities, they may be evident, mainly when they face school, work or social stress due to the workloads required by the university or work.

Carta de Elisenda Muns Tubau. Historiadora de arte. Correspondencia: elisenda.muns@gmail.com.

Reseña de la obra: Apuntes sobre la esperanza (Aproximación neurofenomenológica), de Carlos Rojas Malpica. Universidad Central de Venezuela, Ediciones de la Biblioteca EBUC. Caracas, 2024. Pueden obtener la obra completa en formato e-book  solicitándola al autor a la siguiente dirección electrónica: carlucho2013@gmail.com.