Agricultural Systems最新文献_第9页

Adaptation strategies for winter wheat production at farmer fields under a changing climate: Employing crop and multiple global climate models 气候变化下农民田间冬小麦生产的适应战略：采用作物模型和多种全球气候模型

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2024-07-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104066

Muhammad Rizwan Shoukat , Jingjing Wang , Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman , Xin Hui , Gerrit Hoogenboom , Haijun Yan

CONTEXT

Climate change profoundly affects agriculture through increased occurrences of extreme weather events, directly affecting crop growth and food security. The North China Plain (NCP), a significant region for winter wheat production, faces challenges from the changing climate, which could threaten agricultural output and sustainability.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a warming climate, fluctuating precipitation, and rising CO₂ levels on winter wheat production in the NCP. Additionally, it developed adaptation strategies, such as modifying the timing of planting and adjusting irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels, to mitigate the negative impacts of a changing climate on grain production.

METHODS

Using the DSSAT CROPSIM CERES-Wheat and NWheat models, this study incorporated baseline climate data from 2001 to 2020 and future climate projections from 12 GCMs under the CMIP6 framework. The evaluation was segmented into four future terms (terms 1 to 4) spanning from 2021 to 2100, under two societal development scenarios known as Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs): SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

The projections indicated an increase in temperature and precipitation over the century, with the most substantial changes under the SSP5–8.5 scenario. Term 1 (2021–2040) forecasts predicted mild temperature increases (0.89 °C increase in average maximum temperature, 0.74 °C in average minimum temperature) and an 8% increase in precipitation. Term 4 (2081–2100) projections indicated a more severe climate impact, with maximum temperatures rising by 3.19 °C, minimum temperatures by 3.07 °C, and seasonal precipitation increasing by 23%. These climatic changes are expected to reduce the winter wheat growing season by 4–17%, decrease grain numbers by 3–21%, and reduce yield by 4–20% compared to the baseline. However, the increase in CO₂ from terms 1 to 4 could enhance grain yield by 4–30% under SSP5–8.5, indicating a complex interaction between climatic factors and crop productivity. This study showed that adaptation strategies, including adjusting planting times (early October), irrigation levels (300–400 mm), and nitrogen fertilizer application (250–300 kg ha⁻¹), can effectively minimize the negative impacts of warming on grain yield.

SIGNIFICANCE

This study underscores the critical need for immediate and effective adaptation strategies to address the impact of climate change on agriculture. By adjusting agricultural practices, the negative effects on winter wheat production in the NCP can be mitigated, thereby contributing to regional food security in the face of ongoing climate challenges.

背景气候变化通过增加极端天气事件的发生率对农业产生了深远影响，直接影响到作物生长和粮食安全。华北平原（NCP）是冬小麦生产的重要地区，面临着气候变化带来的挑战，这可能威胁到农业产量和可持续性。此外，该研究还制定了适应战略，如修改播种时间、调整灌溉和氮肥水平，以减轻气候变化对粮食生产的负面影响。方法该研究利用 DSSAT CROPSIM CERES-Wheat 和 NWheat 模型，纳入了 2001 年至 2020 年的基线气候数据以及 CMIP6 框架下 12 个 GCMs 的未来气候预测。评估分为四个未来时段（时段 1 至 4），时间跨度为 2021 年至 2100 年，采用两种社会发展情景，即共享社会经济路径（SSP）：结果与结论预测表明，本世纪气温和降水量都将上升，其中 SSP5-8.5 方案下的变化最为显著。第 1 阶段（2021-2040 年）预测气温温和上升（平均最高气温上升 0.89 °C，平均最低气温上升 0.74 °C），降水量增加 8%。第 4 阶段（2081-2100 年）预测显示气候影响更为严重，最高气温将上升 3.19 °C，最低气温将上升 3.07 °C，季节性降水量将增加 23%。与基线相比，这些气候变化预计将使冬小麦生长期缩短 4-17%，粒数减少 3-21%，产量降低 4-20%。然而，在 SSP5-8.5 条件下，从条件 1 到 4 增加的二氧化碳可使谷物产量提高 4-30%，这表明气候因素与作物生产力之间存在复杂的相互作用。这项研究表明，包括调整播种时间（10 月初）、灌溉水平（300-400 毫米）和氮肥施用量（250-300 千克/公顷）在内的适应策略可以有效地将气候变暖对谷物产量的负面影响降至最低。通过调整农业生产方式，可减轻对北大西洋公约组织（NCP）冬小麦生产的负面影响，从而在持续的气候挑战面前促进地区粮食安全。

{"title":"Adaptation strategies for winter wheat production at farmer fields under a changing climate: Employing crop and multiple global climate models","authors":"Muhammad Rizwan Shoukat , Jingjing Wang , Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman , Xin Hui , Gerrit Hoogenboom , Haijun Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><p>Climate change profoundly affects agriculture through increased occurrences of extreme weather events, directly affecting crop growth and food security. The North China Plain (NCP), a significant region for winter wheat production, faces challenges from the changing climate, which could threaten agricultural output and sustainability.</p></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a warming climate, fluctuating precipitation, and rising CO<sub>2</sub> levels on winter wheat production in the NCP. Additionally, it developed adaptation strategies, such as modifying the timing of planting and adjusting irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer levels, to mitigate the negative impacts of a changing climate on grain production.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>Using the DSSAT CROPSIM CERES-Wheat and NWheat models, this study incorporated baseline climate data from 2001 to 2020 and future climate projections from 12 GCMs under the CMIP6 framework. The evaluation was segmented into four future terms (terms 1 to 4) spanning from 2021 to 2100, under two societal development scenarios known as Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs): SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>The projections indicated an increase in temperature and precipitation over the century, with the most substantial changes under the SSP5–8.5 scenario. Term 1 (2021–2040) forecasts predicted mild temperature increases (0.89 °C increase in average maximum temperature, 0.74 °C in average minimum temperature) and an 8% increase in precipitation. Term 4 (2081–2100) projections indicated a more severe climate impact, with maximum temperatures rising by 3.19 °C, minimum temperatures by 3.07 °C, and seasonal precipitation increasing by 23%. These climatic changes are expected to reduce the winter wheat growing season by 4–17%, decrease grain numbers by 3–21%, and reduce yield by 4–20% compared to the baseline. However, the increase in CO<sub>2</sub> from terms 1 to 4 could enhance grain yield by 4–30% under SSP5–8.5, indicating a complex interaction between climatic factors and crop productivity. This study showed that adaptation strategies, including adjusting planting times (early October), irrigation levels (300–400 mm), and nitrogen fertilizer application (250–300 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), can effectively minimize the negative impacts of warming on grain yield.</p></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><p>This study underscores the critical need for immediate and effective adaptation strategies to address the impact of climate change on agriculture. By adjusting agricultural practices, the negative effects on winter wheat production in the NCP can be mitigated, thereby contributing to regional food security in the face of ongoing climate challenges.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104066"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X24002166/pdfft?md5=71ea9f9ad4accab6d2337b21fd1c3151&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X24002166-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141954531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The role of management and farming practices, yield gaps, nutrient balance, and institutional settings in the context of large-scale organic conversion in Bhutan 不丹大规模有机转换过程中管理和耕作方法、产量差距、养分平衡和机构设置的作用

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104057

Tshotsho , Christian Lippert , Sabine Zikeli , Tatjana Krimly , Ayoub Barissoul , Arndt Feuerbacher

CONTEXT

In several lower middle income countries, organic agriculture (OA) has emerged as a top-down government initiative backed by strong political interest, which entails the risk of seriously neglecting the challenges faced by many organic farmers. In some cases, the promotion of OA, particularly large-scale OA conversion programs like in Sikkim and Bhutan, has received widespread attention. A system-level analysis of conversion to OA can provide a fair assessment and is desirable but rare. Often, there are serious issues with data paucity hindering deeper analyses of the feasibility of large-scale OA and its system-level challenges.

OBJECTIVE

This article aims to analyze the feasibility of large-scale conversion to OA by describing management and farming practices, yield gaps, nutrient balances, as well as the governance and the institutional setting of OA in Bhutan. Bhutan is a suitable case study given the generally good availability of data on the agricultural sector.

DATA AND METHODS

We conduct qualitative content analysis of annual, status, and consultation reports, and gray literature. We analyze the yield gap between organic and conventional farms using agricultural census data. A tentative aggregated nutrient balance at the district and organic village levels is also carried out relying on data from agricultural surveys and censuses and associated reports.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

OA in Bhutan requires compliance with the standard requirements defined in the Bhutan Organic Standard (BOS), which is part of the family of standards established by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM). Farmers are increasingly opting for certified organic farming, with 6% and 3% of arable land being registered and certified, respectively, under the local organic assurance system (LOAS). The National Center for Organic Agriculture (NCOA) has instituted model organic villages (MOVs) and provides capacity building training and in-kind farm support to organic farmers. The results of the yield gap analysis show that yields in organic systems are between 18% to 45% lower across the three main agro-ecological zones compared to conventional cropping systems. This could exacerbate the country's food self-sufficiency. The results of the nutrient balance reveal a general nitrogen deficiency which could be mitigated with improved OA practices. OA faces many challenges, such as a shortage of funds for implementing organic programs, missing extension for OA, and a lack of research to improve the existing methods.

SIGNIFICANCE

This paper provides clarity on the challenges faced by farmers under state-driven large-scale OA conversion. Understanding the challenges of converting to OA in Bhutan can lead to transferable findings for many similar contexts characterized by smallholder farming systems.

内容提要在一些中低收入国家，有机农业（OA）已成为一项自上而下的政府举措，并得到了强烈的政治利益支持，这就有可能严重忽视许多有机农户所面临的挑战。在某些情况下，有机农业的推广，特别是锡金和不丹的大规模有机农业转换计划，受到了广泛关注。对向有机农业转化的系统级分析可以提供公正的评估，是可取的，但很少见。本文旨在通过描述不丹的管理和耕作实践、产量差距、养分平衡以及 OA 的治理和机构设置，分析大规模向 OA 转换的可行性。不丹是一个合适的案例研究对象，因为该国农业部门的数据总体上比较充足。数据和方法我们对年度报告、现状报告、咨询报告和灰色文献进行了定性内容分析。我们利用农业普查数据分析了有机农场与传统农场之间的产量差距。根据农业调查和人口普查数据以及相关报告，我们还对地区和有机村一级的养分平衡进行了初步汇总。越来越多的农民选择了经过认证的有机耕作，分别有 6% 和 3% 的耕地在当地有机保证体系（LOAS）下进行了登记和认证。国家有机农业中心 (NCOA) 建立了有机示范村 (MOV)，并为有机农民提供能力建设培训和实物农场支持。产量差距分析结果表明，在三大农业生态区，有机系统的产量比传统耕作系统低 18% 至 45%。这可能会加剧该国的粮食自给自足问题。养分平衡的结果表明，普遍存在缺氮现象，可以通过改进 OA 实践来缓解这一问题。有机农业面临许多挑战，例如实施有机计划的资金短缺、有机农业推广工作缺失以及缺乏改进现有方法的研究。了解不丹在向有机农业转换过程中所面临的挑战，可以为许多类似的以小农耕作制度为特征的环境提供可借鉴的结论。

{"title":"The role of management and farming practices, yield gaps, nutrient balance, and institutional settings in the context of large-scale organic conversion in Bhutan","authors":"Tshotsho , Christian Lippert , Sabine Zikeli , Tatjana Krimly , Ayoub Barissoul , Arndt Feuerbacher","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><p>In several lower middle income countries, organic agriculture (OA) has emerged as a top-down government initiative backed by strong political interest, which entails the risk of seriously neglecting the challenges faced by many organic farmers. In some cases, the promotion of OA, particularly large-scale OA conversion programs like in Sikkim and Bhutan, has received widespread attention. A system-level analysis of conversion to OA can provide a fair assessment and is desirable but rare. Often, there are serious issues with data paucity hindering deeper analyses of the feasibility of large-scale OA and its system-level challenges.</p></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>This article aims to analyze the feasibility of large-scale conversion to OA by describing management and farming practices, yield gaps, nutrient balances, as well as the governance and the institutional setting of OA in Bhutan. Bhutan is a suitable case study given the generally good availability of data on the agricultural sector.</p></div><div><h3>DATA AND METHODS</h3><p>We conduct qualitative content analysis of annual, status, and consultation reports, and gray literature. We analyze the yield gap between organic and conventional farms using agricultural census data. A tentative aggregated nutrient balance at the district and organic village levels is also carried out relying on data from agricultural surveys and censuses and associated reports.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSION</h3><p>OA in Bhutan requires compliance with the standard requirements defined in the Bhutan Organic Standard (BOS), which is part of the family of standards established by the International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements (IFOAM). Farmers are increasingly opting for certified organic farming, with 6% and 3% of arable land being registered and certified, respectively, under the local organic assurance system (LOAS). The National Center for Organic Agriculture (NCOA) has instituted model organic villages (MOVs) and provides capacity building training and in-kind farm support to organic farmers. The results of the yield gap analysis show that yields in organic systems are between 18% to 45% lower across the three main agro-ecological zones compared to conventional cropping systems. This could exacerbate the country's food self-sufficiency. The results of the nutrient balance reveal a general nitrogen deficiency which could be mitigated with improved OA practices. OA faces many challenges, such as a shortage of funds for implementing organic programs, missing extension for OA, and a lack of research to improve the existing methods.</p></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><p>This paper provides clarity on the challenges faced by farmers under state-driven large-scale OA conversion. Understanding the challenges of converting to OA in Bhutan can lead to transferable findings for many similar contexts characterized by smallholder farming systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104057"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X24002075/pdfft?md5=bc40a86139a9d37ec6c319ab18a579c5&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X24002075-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Participatory AI for inclusive crop improvement 参与式人工智能促进包容性作物改良

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104054

Violet Lasdun , Davíd Güereña , Berta Ortiz-Crespo , Stephen Mutuvi , Michael Selvaraj , Teshale Assefa

CONTEXT

Crop breeding in the Global South faces a ‘phenotyping bottleneck’ due to reliance on manual visual phenotyping, which is both error-prone and challenging to scale across multiple environments, inhibiting selection of germplasm adapted to farmer production environments. This limitation impedes rapid varietal turnover, crucial for maintaining high yields and food security under climate change. Low adoption of improved varieties results from a top-down system in which farmers have been more passive recipients than active participants in varietal development.

OBJECTIVE

A new suite of research at the Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT seeks to democratize crop breeding by leveraging mobile phenotyping technologies for high-quality, decentralized data collection. This approach aims to resolve the inherent limitations and inconsistencies in traditional visual phenotyping methods, allowing for more accurate and efficient crop assessment. In parallel, the research seeks to harness multimodal data on farmer preferences to better tailor variety development xzto meet specific production and consumption goals.

METHODS

Novel mobile phenotyping tools were developed and field-tested on breeder stations in Colombia and Tanzania, and data from these trials were analyzed for quality and accuracy, and compared with traditional manual estimates and absolute ground truth data. Concurrently, Human-Centered Design (HCD) methods were applied to ensure the technology suits its context of use, and serves the nuanced requirements of breeders.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Computer vison (CV)-enabled mobile phenotyping achieved a significant reduction in scoring variation, attaining imagery-modeled trait accuracies with Pearson Correlation values between 0.88 and 0.95 with ground truth data, and reduced labor requirements with the ability to fully phenotype a breeder's plot (4 m × 3 m) in under a minute. With this technology, high-quality quantitative phenotyping data can be collected by anyone with a smartphone, expanding the potential to measure crop performance in decentralized on-farm environments and improving accuracy and speed of crop improvement on breeder stations.

SIGNIFICANCE

Inclusive innovations in mobile phenotyping technologies and AI-supported data collection enable rapid, accurate trait assessment and actively involve farmers in variety selection, aligning breeding programs with local needs and preferences. These advancements offer a timely solution for accelerating varietal turnover to mitigate climate change impacts, while ensuring developed varieties are both high-performing and culturally relevant.

内容提要全球南部的作物育种面临着 "表型瓶颈"，原因是依赖人工目测表型，既容易出错，又难以在多种环境中推广，从而阻碍了适应农民生产环境的种质选育。这种限制阻碍了品种的快速更替，而这对于在气候变化条件下保持高产和粮食安全至关重要。生物多样性联盟和国际热带农业研究中心（CIAT）的一套新研究旨在利用移动表型技术进行高质量的分散数据收集，从而实现作物育种的民主化。这种方法旨在解决传统视觉表型方法的固有局限性和不一致性，从而实现更准确、更高效的作物评估。方法开发了先进的移动表型工具，并在哥伦比亚和坦桑尼亚的育种站进行了实地测试，对测试数据的质量和准确性进行了分析，并与传统的人工估计和绝对地面实况数据进行了比较。同时，还采用了以人为本的设计（HCD）方法，以确保该技术适合其使用环境，并满足育种者的细微要求。结果与结论支持计算机视觉（CV）的移动表型技术显著减少了评分差异，达到了图像建模的性状准确度，与地面实况数据的皮尔逊相关值介于 0.88 和 0.95 之间，并减少了劳动力需求，能够在一分钟内对育种者的小区（4 m × 3 m）进行全面表型。有了这项技术，任何拥有智能手机的人都能收集到高质量的定量表型数据，从而扩大了在分散的农场环境中测量作物表现的潜力，并提高了育种站作物改良的准确性和速度。意义移动表型技术和人工智能支持的数据收集方面的包容性创新实现了快速、准确的性状评估，并使农民积极参与品种选择，使育种计划符合当地的需求和偏好。这些进步为加快品种更新以减轻气候变化影响提供了及时的解决方案，同时确保培育出的品种既性能优异，又与文化相关。

{"title":"Participatory AI for inclusive crop improvement","authors":"Violet Lasdun , Davíd Güereña , Berta Ortiz-Crespo , Stephen Mutuvi , Michael Selvaraj , Teshale Assefa","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><p>Crop breeding in the Global South faces a ‘phenotyping bottleneck’ due to reliance on manual visual phenotyping, which is both error-prone and challenging to scale across multiple environments, inhibiting selection of germplasm adapted to farmer production environments. This limitation impedes rapid varietal turnover, crucial for maintaining high yields and food security under climate change. Low adoption of improved varieties results from a top-down system in which farmers have been more passive recipients than active participants in varietal development.</p></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>A new suite of research at the Alliance of Bioversity and CIAT seeks to democratize crop breeding by leveraging mobile phenotyping technologies for high-quality, decentralized data collection. This approach aims to resolve the inherent limitations and inconsistencies in traditional visual phenotyping methods, allowing for more accurate and efficient crop assessment. In parallel, the research seeks to harness multimodal data on farmer preferences to better tailor variety development xzto meet specific production and consumption goals.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>Novel mobile phenotyping tools were developed and field-tested on breeder stations in Colombia and Tanzania, and data from these trials were analyzed for quality and accuracy, and compared with traditional manual estimates and absolute ground truth data. Concurrently, Human-Centered Design (HCD) methods were applied to ensure the technology suits its context of use, and serves the nuanced requirements of breeders.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>Computer vison (CV)-enabled mobile phenotyping achieved a significant reduction in scoring variation, attaining imagery-modeled trait accuracies with Pearson Correlation values between 0.88 and 0.95 with ground truth data, and reduced labor requirements with the ability to fully phenotype a breeder's plot (4 m × 3 m) in under a minute. With this technology, high-quality quantitative phenotyping data can be collected by anyone with a smartphone, expanding the potential to measure crop performance in decentralized on-farm environments and improving accuracy and speed of crop improvement on breeder stations.</p></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><p>Inclusive innovations in mobile phenotyping technologies and AI-supported data collection enable rapid, accurate trait assessment and actively involve farmers in variety selection, aligning breeding programs with local needs and preferences. These advancements offer a timely solution for accelerating varietal turnover to mitigate climate change impacts, while ensuring developed varieties are both high-performing and culturally relevant.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104054"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of crop-livestock integration on direct and indirect contributions of beef systems to food security 作物-牲畜一体化对牛肉系统对粮食安全的直接和间接贡献的影响

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104067

C. Battheu-Noirfalise , A. Mertens , H. Soyeurt , D. Stilmant , E. Froidmont , Y. Beckers

CONTEXT

Beef production systems have been criticized for their low conversion efficiency of the human-edible feed and the agricultural land they use, impacting their ability to contribute directly to food security. However, beef cattle can also contribute indirectly to food security by transferring nutrients from permanent grasslands to marketed food crops through manure.

OBJECTIVE

The objective was to analyze the relations between direct and indirect contributions to food security and assess these two aspects for Walloon beef farms. We hypothesized that crop-livestock integration was positively associated with both contributions.

METHODS

We calculated indicators of direct and indirect contributions to food security and crop-livestock integration on farm accounting data of 73 Walloon beef farms. The direct contribution was represented with the net productivity, while the indirect contribution to food security was represented with two indicators. The first was the share of exported manure from the livestock subsystem to marketed crops. However, as this manure could be produced out of imported nitrogen, we calculated a nitrogen balance where natural N deposition and fixations are not taken into account, which enables a negative N surplus representing a “net” nitrogen export from livestock towards marketed crops. We calculated correlation coefficients between all indicators and performed a clustering on the indicators of food security contribution, at farm and livestock subsystem levels.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

While the livestock subsystem of two farm types out of five did not contribute positively to food security, the presence of marketed crops resulted in a positive net productivity at farm level. In term of indirect contribution to food security, the share of marketed crops was linked with a higher share of exported manure. However, the higher the share of exported manure, the higher the N surplus of the livestock subsystem implying that the manure is produced out of imported nitrogen sources and not from the valorization of permanent grasslands' fertility. The indicators of crop-livestock integration were mainly associated with a low N surplus but the intra-consumption of crops was negatively associated with net productivity.

SIGNIFICANCE

Although they can provide manure to marketed crops, current beef cattle use imported N sources to do so and do not always contribute directly to food security. Those performances could be enhanced by combining a grass-based beef cattle subsystem that is self-sufficient in N and intra-consumes small amounts of crops with a marketed crops subsystem that uses manure exported from the livestock subsystem.

牛肉生产系统因其使用的人类可食用饲料和农业用地的转化效率低而受到批评，影响了其直接促进粮食安全的能力。然而，肉牛也可以通过粪便将养分从永久草地转移到上市的粮食作物上，从而间接促进粮食安全。我们的目标是分析对粮食安全的直接贡献和间接贡献之间的关系，并对瓦隆牛肉农场的这两个方面进行评估。我们假设作物-畜牧业一体化与这两方面的贡献呈正相关。我们根据 73 个瓦隆牛肉农场的农场会计数据，计算了对粮食安全和作物-牲畜一体化的直接和间接贡献指标。直接贡献用净生产率表示，而对粮食安全的间接贡献则用两个指标表示。第一个指标是畜牧业子系统出口的粪肥在市场销售作物中所占的比例。不过，由于这些粪便可能是利用进口氮生产的，因此我们在计算氮平衡时未考虑自然氮沉积和固定的因素，这样就出现了负的氮盈余，代表了从牲畜向市场作物的 "净 "氮输出。我们计算了所有指标之间的相关系数，并在农场和畜牧子系统层面对粮食安全贡献指标进行了聚类。五个农场中有两个农场的牲畜子系统没有对粮食安全做出积极贡献，而上市作物的存在则在农场层面产生了积极的净生产率。就对粮食安全的间接贡献而言，上市作物的份额与较高的粪肥出口份额相关。然而，出口粪肥的比例越高，畜牧子系统的氮盈余就越高，这意味着粪肥是通过进口氮源生产的，而不是通过对永久草地肥力的估价生产的。作物-牲畜一体化指标主要与低氮盈余有关，但作物的内部消耗与净生产率呈负相关。虽然肉牛可以为市场上的农作物提供肥料，但目前肉牛使用进口的氮源来提供肥料，并不总能直接促进粮食安全。如果将氮自给自足、内部消耗少量作物的草地肉牛子系统与使用从畜牧子系统输出的粪肥的上市作物子系统结合起来，就能提高这些性能。

{"title":"Influence of crop-livestock integration on direct and indirect contributions of beef systems to food security","authors":"C. Battheu-Noirfalise , A. Mertens , H. Soyeurt , D. Stilmant , E. Froidmont , Y. Beckers","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><p>Beef production systems have been criticized for their low conversion efficiency of the human-edible feed and the agricultural land they use, impacting their ability to contribute directly to food security. However, beef cattle can also contribute indirectly to food security by transferring nutrients from permanent grasslands to marketed food crops through manure.</p></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>The objective was to analyze the relations between direct and indirect contributions to food security and assess these two aspects for Walloon beef farms. We hypothesized that crop-livestock integration was positively associated with both contributions.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>We calculated indicators of direct and indirect contributions to food security and crop-livestock integration on farm accounting data of 73 Walloon beef farms. The direct contribution was represented with the net productivity, while the indirect contribution to food security was represented with two indicators. The first was the share of exported manure from the livestock subsystem to marketed crops. However, as this manure could be produced out of imported nitrogen, we calculated a nitrogen balance where natural N deposition and fixations are not taken into account, which enables a negative N surplus representing a “net” nitrogen export from livestock towards marketed crops. We calculated correlation coefficients between all indicators and performed a clustering on the indicators of food security contribution, at farm and livestock subsystem levels.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>While the livestock subsystem of two farm types out of five did not contribute positively to food security, the presence of marketed crops resulted in a positive net productivity at farm level. In term of indirect contribution to food security, the share of marketed crops was linked with a higher share of exported manure. However, the higher the share of exported manure, the higher the N surplus of the livestock subsystem implying that the manure is produced out of imported nitrogen sources and not from the valorization of permanent grasslands' fertility. The indicators of crop-livestock integration were mainly associated with a low N surplus but the intra-consumption of crops was negatively associated with net productivity.</p></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><p>Although they can provide manure to marketed crops, current beef cattle use imported N sources to do so and do not always contribute directly to food security. Those performances could be enhanced by combining a grass-based beef cattle subsystem that is self-sufficient in N and intra-consumes small amounts of crops with a marketed crops subsystem that uses manure exported from the livestock subsystem.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104067"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving smallholders' capacity building by creating an enabling environment for sustainable crop production 通过创造有利于可持续作物生产的环境，加强小农的能力建设

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104083

Yajuan Li , Xinxin Zhang , Qianni Huang , Donasius Pathera , Zhichao An , Xiaoqiang Jiao , Fusuo Zhang

CONTEXT

Sustainably improving food production to meet the needs of a growing population necessitates a dual-pronged approach involving both top-down policy support from governments and grassroots support from social organizations. The combination of these two elements can yield comprehensive and systematic solutions for sustainable crop production, particularly in smallholder-dominated agriculture. However, integrating these approaches to empower smallholders with advanced agricultural technologies and enhance crop sustainability remains a subject that warrants further investigation.

OBJECTIVES

We explored collaborative practices for the integration of resources using a dual-pronged approach to empower smallholders for sustainable crop production.

METHODS

The DPSIR framework was applied to our case study. Using stratified and random sampling, 258 farmers were recruited from Quzhou, China. We divided the participants into three groups: six farmers who had worked with China-founded Science and Technology backyards (STBs) for 15 years as leading farmers (LF), 90 neighboring farmers (NF) who were closely related to LF, and 162 traditional farmers (TF) from three villages in Quzhou who were not related to STBs. An intervention experiment focusing on the LF and NF was conducted. Interviews were conducted with 258 farmers after harvesting wheat. In addition, we used statistical analyses to examine the differences in yield and economic and environmental benefits among the different groups. Multiple linear regression was used to determine how different factors affected wheat yield, net profit, and technology adoption. We used a mediation model to analyze the mechanisms by which enabling environmental creation affects sustainable production by empowering farmers.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Compared to TF, LF and NF increased social value by 31% and 25%, technology trust by 16% and 5%, and willingness to accept green production technologies and adoption behavior by 20% and 21%, respectively. In addition, LF and NF achieved wheat yield increases accompanied by net profit gains of 86% and 13%, respectively, and LF demonstrated 53% and 52% reductions in nitrogen surplus compared to TF and NF, respectively. The study found that the synergy of social organizations and government support promoted farmers' knowledge generation and sustainable agricultural production by increasing their social value and technology trust.

SIGNIFICANCE

This study underscores the pivotal role of STBs in bridging these two approaches and facilitating an environment that empowers smallholders for sustainable crop production. This study provides initial insights into a multi-actor, co-participation-based approach to promoting farmers' capacity, which provides important information for future agricultural policy development and implementation.

可持续地提高粮食产量以满足不断增长的人口的需求，需要双管齐下，既要有政府自上而下的政策支持，也要有社会组织的基层支持。这两个要素的结合可以产生全面、系统的可持续作物生产解决方案，特别是在以小农为主的农业领域。然而，如何整合这些方法，使小农获得先进的农业技术并提高作物的可持续性，仍然是一个值得进一步研究的课题。我们探索了利用双管齐下的方法整合资源的合作实践，以增强小农的能力，促进可持续作物生产。我们的案例研究采用了 DPSIR 框架。通过分层随机抽样，我们从中国衢州招募了 258 名农民。我们将参与者分为三组：6 位与中国创办的科技后园（STB）合作了 15 年的带头农户（LF）、90 位与 LF 关系密切的周边农户（NF）以及来自衢州三个村庄的 162 位与 STB 无关的传统农户（TF）。针对 LF 和 NF 开展了一项干预试验。我们在小麦收割后对 258 位农民进行了访谈。此外，我们还使用了统计分析来研究不同组别在产量、经济和环境效益方面的差异。我们使用多元线性回归来确定不同因素对小麦产量、净利润和技术采用的影响。我们使用中介模型分析了通过增强农民能力创造有利环境对可持续生产产生影响的机制。与 TF 相比，LF 和 NF 的社会价值分别提高了 31% 和 25%，技术信任度分别提高了 16% 和 5%，接受绿色生产技术的意愿和采用行为分别提高了 20% 和 21%。此外，与 TF 和 NF 相比，LF 和 NF 在实现小麦增产的同时，还分别实现了 86% 和 13% 的净利润收益，LF 的氮盈余分别减少了 53% 和 52%。研究发现，社会组织和政府支持的协同作用通过提高农民的社会价值和技术信任度，促进了农民的知识创造和可持续农业生产。这项研究强调了科技机构在这两种方法之间的桥梁作用，以及为小农户创造一个有利于可持续作物生产的环境所发挥的关键作用。本研究为促进农民能力的多方参与式方法提供了初步见解，为未来农业政策的制定和实施提供了重要信息。

{"title":"Improving smallholders' capacity building by creating an enabling environment for sustainable crop production","authors":"Yajuan Li , Xinxin Zhang , Qianni Huang , Donasius Pathera , Zhichao An , Xiaoqiang Jiao , Fusuo Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104083","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104083","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><p>Sustainably improving food production to meet the needs of a growing population necessitates a dual-pronged approach involving both top-down policy support from governments and grassroots support from social organizations. The combination of these two elements can yield comprehensive and systematic solutions for sustainable crop production, particularly in smallholder-dominated agriculture. However, integrating these approaches to empower smallholders with advanced agricultural technologies and enhance crop sustainability remains a subject that warrants further investigation.</p></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVES</h3><p>We explored collaborative practices for the integration of resources using a dual-pronged approach to empower smallholders for sustainable crop production.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>The DPSIR framework was applied to our case study. Using stratified and random sampling, 258 farmers were recruited from Quzhou, China. We divided the participants into three groups: six farmers who had worked with China-founded Science and Technology backyards (STBs) for 15 years as leading farmers (LF), 90 neighboring farmers (NF) who were closely related to LF, and 162 traditional farmers (TF) from three villages in Quzhou who were not related to STBs. An intervention experiment focusing on the LF and NF was conducted. Interviews were conducted with 258 farmers after harvesting wheat. In addition, we used statistical analyses to examine the differences in yield and economic and environmental benefits among the different groups. Multiple linear regression was used to determine how different factors affected wheat yield, net profit, and technology adoption. We used a mediation model to analyze the mechanisms by which enabling environmental creation affects sustainable production by empowering farmers.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>Compared to TF, LF and NF increased social value by 31% and 25%, technology trust by 16% and 5%, and willingness to accept green production technologies and adoption behavior by 20% and 21%, respectively. In addition, LF and NF achieved wheat yield increases accompanied by net profit gains of 86% and 13%, respectively, and LF demonstrated 53% and 52% reductions in nitrogen surplus compared to TF and NF, respectively. The study found that the synergy of social organizations and government support promoted farmers' knowledge generation and sustainable agricultural production by increasing their social value and technology trust.</p></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><p>This study underscores the pivotal role of STBs in bridging these two approaches and facilitating an environment that empowers smallholders for sustainable crop production. This study provides initial insights into a multi-actor, co-participation-based approach to promoting farmers' capacity, which provides important information for future agricultural policy development and implementation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104083"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Complexity-aware principles for agri-food system interventions: Lessons from project encounters with complexity 农业食品系统干预措施的复杂性意识原则：项目遭遇复杂性的经验教训

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104080

Costanza Conti , Andrew Hall , Alastair Orr , Caroline Hambloch , Kai Mausch

CONTEXT

Complexity has long been recognised as a key feature of agri-food systems. Yet, it remains largely theoretical or poorly addressed in practice, hampering the potential of international development projects to address agriculture and food-related challenges in the Global South.

OBJECTIVE

The paper identifies and examines six sources of complexity that can manifest in projects, namely: unpredictability; path dependencies; context-specific dynamics; power relations; multiple temporal and spatial scales. It then proposes and tests six agri-food system principles that could be drawn upon to more successfully navigate this complexity. The aim of the paper is to illustrate how these principles could help projects respond to the changing circumstances and unpredictable turns of agri-food systems contexts in a different way, which flexibly embraces complexity. This flexibility is essential in an age of uncertainty and transformation.

METHODS

Comparative case study analysis of six projects implemented by the CGIAR: aflatoxin control in groundnuts in Malawi (1), pigeonpea in Eastern and Southern Africa (2), sorghum beer in Kenya (3), sweet sorghum for biofuel in India (4), precooked beans in Uganda and Kenya (5), Smart Foods in India and Eastern Africa (6). The projects aimed to either increasing smallholder farmers' incomes or addressing food and nutrition security, or both. They were specifically selected as all they were affected by some of the sources of complexity, which hampered the projects to different extents. This makes the cases relevant for not only illustrating manifestations of complexity, but also help reflect on alternative strategies to tackle it.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

The analysis of the case studies reveals how complexity can frustrate objectives of development interventions under several aspects. It also serves to discuss how complexity can be more successfully navigated (within but also beyond the selected cases) by applying the set of proposed agri-food system principles. The principles are also presented as ways future interventions could avoid clinging to what is “known to work” and instead venture into more powerful pathways of change.

SIGNIFICANCE

The following complexity-aware principle are proposed: Welcome surprises and openly discuss trade-offs; Shun orthodoxies; Engage with context-specificity; Expose patterns of power; Embrace the lengthy nature of change; Understand the multi-scale (in terms of space and time) nature of agri-food systems contexts. These principles could be used by project designers and implementors to cope with the complexity and uncertainty that will inevitably be encountered in agri-food system interventions, and can no longer be ignored.

复杂性长期以来一直被认为是农业食品系统的一个关键特征。本文确定并研究了项目中可能出现的六种复杂性来源，即：不可预测性、路径依赖性、特定背景动态、权力关系、多重时空尺度。然后，论文提出并检验了六项农业食品系统原则，这些原则可用于更成功地驾驭这种复杂性。本文旨在说明这些原则如何帮助项目以不同的方式应对农业食品系统不断变化的环境和不可预测的转折，从而灵活地应对复杂性。方法对国际农业研究磋商小组实施的六个项目进行比较案例研究分析：马拉维落花生黄曲霉毒素控制项目（1）、东部和南部非洲鸽子豆项目（2）、肯尼亚高粱啤酒项目（3）、印度生物燃料甜高粱项目（4）、乌干达和肯尼亚预煮豆项目（5）、印度和东部非洲智能食品项目（6）。这些项目要么旨在增加小农收入，要么旨在解决粮食和营养安全问题，或者两者兼而有之。之所以特别选择这些项目，是因为它们都受到一些复杂性来源的影响，这些来源在不同程度上阻碍了项目的实施。因此，这些案例不仅可以说明复杂性的表现形式，还有助于思考解决复杂性的替代战略。结果与结论对案例研究的分析揭示了复杂性如何在多个方面阻碍发展干预目标的实现。分析还有助于讨论如何通过应用一套拟议的农业食品系统原则来更成功地驾驭复杂性（在所选案例之内，但也在所选案例之外）。本报告还提出了这些原则，作为未来干预措施避免固守 "已知有效 "的方法，而是大胆探索更有力的变革途径的途径：提出了以下具有复杂性意识的原则：欢迎惊喜并公开讨论权衡问题；避开正统观念；参与具体环境；揭露权力模式；接受变革的长期性；理解农业食品系统环境的多尺度（空间和时间）性质。项目设计者和实施者可以利用这些原则来应对农业食品系统干预措施中不可避免地会遇到的复杂性和不确定性，这些原则已不容忽视。

{"title":"Complexity-aware principles for agri-food system interventions: Lessons from project encounters with complexity","authors":"Costanza Conti , Andrew Hall , Alastair Orr , Caroline Hambloch , Kai Mausch","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104080","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104080","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><p>Complexity has long been recognised as a key feature of agri-food systems. Yet, it remains largely theoretical or poorly addressed in practice, hampering the potential of international development projects to address agriculture and food-related challenges in the Global South.</p></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>The paper identifies and examines six sources of complexity that can manifest in projects, namely: unpredictability; path dependencies; context-specific dynamics; power relations; multiple temporal and spatial scales. It then proposes and tests six agri-food system principles that could be drawn upon to more successfully navigate this complexity. The aim of the paper is to illustrate how these principles could help projects respond to the changing circumstances and unpredictable turns of agri-food systems contexts in a different way, which flexibly embraces complexity. This flexibility is essential in an age of uncertainty and transformation.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>Comparative case study analysis of six projects implemented by the CGIAR: aflatoxin control in groundnuts in Malawi (1), pigeonpea in Eastern and Southern Africa (2), sorghum beer in Kenya (3), sweet sorghum for biofuel in India (4), precooked beans in Uganda and Kenya (5), Smart Foods in India and Eastern Africa (6). The projects aimed to either increasing smallholder farmers' incomes or addressing food and nutrition security, or both. They were specifically selected as all they were affected by some of the sources of complexity, which hampered the projects to different extents. This makes the cases relevant for not only illustrating manifestations of complexity, but also help reflect on alternative strategies to tackle it.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSION</h3><p>The analysis of the case studies reveals how complexity can frustrate objectives of development interventions under several aspects. It also serves to discuss how complexity can be more successfully navigated (within but also beyond the selected cases) by applying the set of proposed agri-food system principles. The principles are also presented as ways future interventions could avoid clinging to what is “known to work” and instead venture into more powerful pathways of change.</p></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><p>The following complexity-aware principle are proposed: Welcome surprises and openly discuss trade-offs; Shun orthodoxies; Engage with context-specificity; Expose patterns of power; Embrace the lengthy nature of change; Understand the multi-scale (in terms of space and time) nature of agri-food systems contexts. These principles could be used by project designers and implementors to cope with the complexity and uncertainty that will inevitably be encountered in agri-food system interventions, and can no longer be ignored.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104080"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X24002300/pdfft?md5=d207f3a5ece0b831407599a2b640cc02&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X24002300-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141959536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nitrogen fertilizer use and climate interactions: Implications for maize yields in Kansas 氮肥使用与气候的相互作用：对堪萨斯州玉米产量的影响

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104079

Na Huang , Xiaomao Lin , Fei Lun , Ruiyun Zeng , Gretchen F. Sassenrath , Zhihua Pan

CONTEXT

While climate change threatens maize growth and production, appropriate N fertilizer use (N) can help mitigate this threat and stabilize or improve maize yields. Accurate application of N fertilizer is of increasing interest as an adaptation measure for climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing economic returns.

OBJECTIVE

The objectives of this study are to: 1) clarify how maize yields respond to N fertilizer use under changes in temperature and precipitation, and 2) explore the effects of various climate conditions on N fertilizer use efficiency.

METHODS

We used a long-term and county-level maize N fertilizer use and climate dataset from 1981 to 2019 in Kansas to determine the impact of N fertilizer use on maize yield. We developed a panel data model with fixed effects, incorporating explanatory variables, including the interaction of growing-degree-days (GDD) with N fertilizer use (GDD_it*N_it), extreme-degree-days (EDD) with N fertilizer use (EDD_it*N_it), and precipitation (Precip) with N fertilizer use (Precip_it*Nit), along with a non-linear N-fertilizer use term. Then, the adaptive effects of N fertilizer use on climatic risks for maize were examined and the county-level results were aggregated into the nine crop reporting districts, as defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistics Service.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Our results show that: 1) an increase in N fertilizer use magnified the negative effects of higher EDD on maize yield but enhanced the positive effects of higher GDD and precipitation on maize yield, impacts which were increasingly evident moving from western to eastern regions across Kansas; 2) hotter environments reduced maize yield by 7% in the west; conversely, warmer and wetter environmental conditions contributed to 2.4% yield gains in the southeast; changes in N fertilizer use impacted maize yield to a lesser extent than climate changes; and 3) under the averaged climate conditions, the optimal N fertilizer rate increased from northwestern (average 50 kg N ha⁻¹) to eastern (average 158 kg N ha⁻¹) regions in Kansas.

SIGNIFICANCE

Our results reveal the interaction between climate and N fertilization on maize yield and clarify how the efficiency of N fertilizer use is affected by various climatic conditions. Our findings highlight the quantifiable interactions between climate and N fertilizer use when evaluating dynamic N fertilizer applications and climate change adaptations.

背景虽然气候变化威胁着玉米的生长和产量，但适当施用氮肥有助于减轻这种威胁，稳定或提高玉米产量。通过减少温室气体排放和增加经济收益，准确施用氮肥作为适应气候变化的措施越来越受到关注：1）阐明在温度和降水量变化的情况下，玉米产量如何对氮肥使用量做出反应；2）探索各种气候条件对氮肥使用效率的影响。方法我们使用了堪萨斯州 1981 年至 2019 年的长期县级玉米氮肥使用量和气候数据集，以确定氮肥使用量对玉米产量的影响。我们建立了一个具有固定效应的面板数据模型，其中纳入了解释变量，包括生长度日（GDD）与氮肥使用量的交互作用（GDDit*Nit）、极端气温日（EDD）与氮肥使用量的交互作用（EDDit*Nit）、降水量（Precip）与氮肥使用量的交互作用（Precipit*Nit），以及非线性氮肥使用量项。然后，研究了氮肥使用对玉米气候风险的适应性影响，并将县级结果汇总到美国农业部国家农业统计局定义的九个作物报告区：1）氮肥用量的增加放大了 EDD 升高对玉米产量的负面影响，但增强了 GDD 升高和降水对玉米产量的正面影响，这种影响在堪萨斯州从西部到东部地区越来越明显；2）较热的环境使西部地区的玉米产量减少了 7%；相反，较暖较湿的环境条件使东南部地区的玉米产量增加了 2.我们的研究结果揭示了气候和氮肥施用对玉米产量的相互作用，并阐明了氮肥使用效率如何受到各种气候条件的影响。我们的研究结果强调了在评估动态氮肥施用和气候变化适应性时，气候与氮肥使用之间可量化的相互作用。

{"title":"Nitrogen fertilizer use and climate interactions: Implications for maize yields in Kansas","authors":"Na Huang , Xiaomao Lin , Fei Lun , Ruiyun Zeng , Gretchen F. Sassenrath , Zhihua Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104079","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104079","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><p>While climate change threatens maize growth and production, appropriate N fertilizer use (N) can help mitigate this threat and stabilize or improve maize yields. Accurate application of N fertilizer is of increasing interest as an adaptation measure for climate change by reducing greenhouse gas emissions and increasing economic returns.</p></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>The objectives of this study are to: 1) clarify how maize yields respond to N fertilizer use under changes in temperature and precipitation, and 2) explore the effects of various climate conditions on N fertilizer use efficiency.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>We used a long-term and county-level maize N fertilizer use and climate dataset from 1981 to 2019 in Kansas to determine the impact of N fertilizer use on maize yield. We developed a panel data model with fixed effects, incorporating explanatory variables, including the interaction of growing-degree-days (GDD) with N fertilizer use (GDD<sub>it</sub>*N<sub>it</sub>), extreme-degree-days (EDD) with N fertilizer use (EDD<sub>it</sub>*N<sub>it</sub>), and precipitation (Precip) with N fertilizer use (Precip<sub>it</sub>*Nit), along with a non-linear N-fertilizer use term. Then, the adaptive effects of N fertilizer use on climatic risks for maize were examined and the county-level results were aggregated into the nine crop reporting districts, as defined by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's National Agricultural Statistics Service.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>Our results show that: 1) an increase in N fertilizer use magnified the negative effects of higher EDD on maize yield but enhanced the positive effects of higher GDD and precipitation on maize yield, impacts which were increasingly evident moving from western to eastern regions across Kansas; 2) hotter environments reduced maize yield by 7% in the west; conversely, warmer and wetter environmental conditions contributed to 2.4% yield gains in the southeast; changes in N fertilizer use impacted maize yield to a lesser extent than climate changes; and 3) under the averaged climate conditions, the optimal N fertilizer rate increased from northwestern (average 50 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) to eastern (average 158 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup>) regions in Kansas.</p></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><p>Our results reveal the interaction between climate and N fertilization on maize yield and clarify how the efficiency of N fertilizer use is affected by various climatic conditions. Our findings highlight the quantifiable interactions between climate and N fertilizer use when evaluating dynamic N fertilizer applications and climate change adaptations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104079"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X24002294/pdfft?md5=c8f07bc5316b0c26f3192ea8e2d36f76&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X24002294-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141959548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Legume choice and planting configuration influence intercrop nutrient and yield gains through complementarity and selection effects in legume-based wheat intercropping systems 在以豆科植物为基础的小麦间作系统中，豆科植物的选择和种植配置通过互补和选择效应影响间作养分和产量的增加

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2024-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104081

Muhammad Ali Raza , Atta Mohi Ud Din , Ghulam Abbas Shah , Wang Zhiqi , Ling Yang Feng , Hina Gul , Hassan Shehryar Yasin , Mohammad Shafiq ur Rahman , Chen Juan , Xue Liang , Raheela Rehman , Amal Mohamed Al Garawi , Wopke van der Werf , Ruijun Qin , Liu Xin , Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid , Ma Zhongming

CONTEXT

By exploiting the complementarities between intercrops, cereal/legume intercropping provides an opportunity to increase legume production with sustained cereal yield. However, little is known about how legume choice and spatial configurations affect the performance and economic viability of legume-based wheat intercropping, especially in arid-irrigated conditions.

OBJECTIVE

We conducted this study to investigate the complementarity of three different legumes (chickpea, soybean, and pea) with wheat and determine the appropriate strip width for intercrops.

METHODS

A three-year study (2021−2023) was conducted to evaluate the effects of legume choice and spatial configuration (narrow strips of 0.6 m (NS) and partially wide strips of 1.2 m (pWS) for each intercrop) on wheat/soybean, wheat/pea, and wheat/chickpea intercropping, and results were compared with their sole systems for dry matter, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake, yield, and economic returns. We also quantified the intensity of the net biodiversity effect (NE), complementarity effect (CE), and selection effect (SE) for yield, N (NE_N, CE_N, and SE_N), and P (NE_P, CE_P, and SE_P) gains of legume-based wheat intercropping systems.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Our results show that intercrops achieved the highest dry matter, nutrient uptake, and grain yield with pWS compared to NS. The intercropped chickpea, soybean, and pea achieved 67–71%, 55–62%, and 62–70% of their sole system yield. The intercropped wheat with chickpea, soybean, and pea produced 66–69%, 57–62%, and 62–66% of sole wheat yield, respectively. Results also confirmed a positive NE with both NS and pWS, mainly due to the higher CE, which ranges from 37% to 104% of NE under all intercropping systems. The nutrient uptake gain with NS and pWS ranged from −3.4 kg ha⁻¹ to 101.5 kg ha⁻¹ (NE_N) and − 0.2 kg ha⁻¹ to 13.8 kg ha⁻¹ (NE_P). On average, maximum LER (1.36), NE (1012 kg ha⁻¹), NE_N (86 kg ha⁻¹), and NE_P (12 kg ha⁻¹) were obtained with pWS in wheat/chickpea, followed by wheat/pea and wheat/soybean intercropping. Overall, wheat/pea intercropping with pWS generated the highest net profit (2014, 1533, and 1394 USD ha⁻¹ in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively), which was primarily linked to the high market price of pea than chickpea and soybean.

SIGNIFICANCE

These results imply that legume choice and spatial configurations influenced complementary and facilitation interactions between intercrops, and wheat/chickpea and wheat/pea intercropping with pWS could be adopted as a productive cropping strategy for obtaining higher and diverse crop yields with reduced land and nutrients than the sole wheat system.

通过利用间作作物之间的互补性，谷物/豆类间作提供了在保持谷物产量的同时提高豆类产量的机会。然而，人们对豆科植物的选择和空间配置如何影响基于豆科植物的小麦间作的表现和经济可行性知之甚少，尤其是在干旱灌溉条件下。我们开展了这项研究，以调查三种不同豆科植物（鹰嘴豆、大豆和豌豆）与小麦的互补性，并确定间作的适当带宽。我们开展了一项为期三年（2021-2023 年）的研究，以评估豆科植物的选择和空间配置（每种间作作物的窄带宽度为 0.6 米（NS），部分宽带宽度为 1.2 米（pWS））对小麦/大豆、小麦/豌豆和小麦/鹰嘴豆间作的影响，并将结果与单独种植系统的干物质、氮（N）和磷（P）吸收、产量和经济收益进行比较。我们还量化了以豆科植物为基础的小麦间作系统在产量、氮（NE、CE 和 SE）和磷（NE、CE 和 SE）收益方面的生物多样性净效应（NE）、互补效应（CE）和选择效应（SE）的强度。结果表明，与 NS 相比，间作小麦的干物质、养分吸收和谷物产量最高。间作鹰嘴豆、大豆和豌豆的产量分别是单作产量的 67-71%、55-62% 和 62-70%。间作小麦与鹰嘴豆、大豆和豌豆的产量分别是单作小麦产量的 66-69%、57-62% 和 62-66%。研究结果还证实，NS 和 pWS 均能产生正的 NE，这主要是因为 CE 较高，在所有间作系统中，CE 占 NE 的 37% 至 104%。NS和pWS的养分吸收增益分别为-3.4千克/公顷至101.5千克/公顷（NE）和-0.2千克/公顷至13.8千克/公顷（NE）。平均而言，在小麦/鹰嘴豆间作中，pWS 获得的 LER（1.36）、NE（1012 千克公顷）、NE（86 千克公顷）和 NE（12 千克公顷）最高，其次是小麦/豌豆和小麦/大豆间作。总体而言，小麦/豌豆间作与 pWS 产生的净利润最高（2021、2022 和 2023 年分别为 2014、1533 和 1394 美元公顷），这主要与豌豆的市场价格高于鹰嘴豆和大豆有关。这些结果表明，豆科植物的选择和空间配置影响着间作作物之间的互补和促进作用，小麦/鹰嘴豆和小麦/豌豆与 pWS 间作可作为一种高产种植策略，与单种小麦相比，能以更少的土地和养分获得更高的作物产量和多样性。

{"title":"Legume choice and planting configuration influence intercrop nutrient and yield gains through complementarity and selection effects in legume-based wheat intercropping systems","authors":"Muhammad Ali Raza , Atta Mohi Ud Din , Ghulam Abbas Shah , Wang Zhiqi , Ling Yang Feng , Hina Gul , Hassan Shehryar Yasin , Mohammad Shafiq ur Rahman , Chen Juan , Xue Liang , Raheela Rehman , Amal Mohamed Al Garawi , Wopke van der Werf , Ruijun Qin , Liu Xin , Muhammad Hayder Bin Khalid , Ma Zhongming","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104081","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104081","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><p>By exploiting the complementarities between intercrops, cereal/legume intercropping provides an opportunity to increase legume production with sustained cereal yield. However, little is known about how legume choice and spatial configurations affect the performance and economic viability of legume-based wheat intercropping, especially in arid-irrigated conditions.</p></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>We conducted this study to investigate the complementarity of three different legumes (chickpea, soybean, and pea) with wheat and determine the appropriate strip width for intercrops.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>A three-year study (2021−2023) was conducted to evaluate the effects of legume choice and spatial configuration (narrow strips of 0.6 m (NS) and partially wide strips of 1.2 m (pWS) for each intercrop) on wheat/soybean, wheat/pea, and wheat/chickpea intercropping, and results were compared with their sole systems for dry matter, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) uptake, yield, and economic returns. We also quantified the intensity of the net biodiversity effect (NE), complementarity effect (CE), and selection effect (SE) for yield, N (NE<sub>N</sub>, CE<sub>N</sub>, and SE<sub>N</sub>), and P (NE<sub>P</sub>, CE<sub>P</sub>, and SE<sub>P</sub>) gains of legume-based wheat intercropping systems.</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>Our results show that intercrops achieved the highest dry matter, nutrient uptake, and grain yield with pWS compared to NS. The intercropped chickpea, soybean, and pea achieved 67–71%, 55–62%, and 62–70% of their sole system yield. The intercropped wheat with chickpea, soybean, and pea produced 66–69%, 57–62%, and 62–66% of sole wheat yield, respectively. Results also confirmed a positive NE with both NS and pWS, mainly due to the higher CE, which ranges from 37% to 104% of NE under all intercropping systems. The nutrient uptake gain with NS and pWS ranged from −3.4 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> to 101.5 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> (NE<sub>N</sub>) and − 0.2 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> to 13.8 kg ha<sup>−1</sup> (NE<sub>P</sub>). On average, maximum LER (1.36), NE (1012 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), NE<sub>N</sub> (86 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>), and NE<sub>P</sub> (12 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) were obtained with pWS in wheat/chickpea, followed by wheat/pea and wheat/soybean intercropping. Overall, wheat/pea intercropping with pWS generated the highest net profit (2014, 1533, and 1394 USD ha<sup>−1</sup> in 2021, 2022, and 2023, respectively), which was primarily linked to the high market price of pea than chickpea and soybean.</p></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><p>These results imply that legume choice and spatial configurations influenced complementary and facilitation interactions between intercrops, and wheat/chickpea and wheat/pea intercropping with pWS could be adopted as a productive cropping strategy for obtaining higher and diverse crop yields with reduced land and nutrients than the sole wheat system.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104081"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141944794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regional-scale trade-offs among beef production, emissions and land use impacts: A cattle diet composition perspective 牛肉生产、排放和土地利用影响之间的区域尺度权衡：从牛的日粮组成角度看

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104048

R. Wang , L. Puillet , C. Pinsard , P. Lescoat , F. Accatino

CONTEXT

Although playing a role in global food security, beef production systems cause concerns due to pressure on land for feed production and greenhouse gas emissions.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed at quantifying the trade-offs associated with different beef cattle diet compositions, considering beef meat production, greenhouse gas emissions, and land use impacts. In addition, we evaluated the influence of dry periods and grazing improvement for trade-off mitigation.

METHODS

We developed a model linking beef cattle diet composition to land use impact indicators (feed import requirements and feed-food competition indicators), beef production (proxied by total weight gain [WG]), and animal emissions in a year. We applied the model to the grassland-based beef cattle region of Bourbonnais, France, with a three-step analysis: (i) we explored the model outputs over a joint range of cereal and grass intake; (ii) we investigated the sensitivity of each feed type intake on the outputs; (iii) we simulated scenarios representing situations affecting cattle diet: dry seasons (−20% average crop and grass yield, grazing time, cattle growth rate and less cattle grass intake compensated by an equivalent increase of other feed types), grazing improvement (increasing grass yield by 20% and its digestibility and gross energy content by 5%) and mixed (combining the previous scenarios).

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS

Analysis (i) showed that more digestible diets conciliate production with emission reduction; however, they also cause undesired feed imports and feed-food competition. Analysis (ii) showed that, although present in the diet in relatively small quantities, oil protein crops as feed have high impact on model variables and outputs. In analysis (iii), compared to baseline, dry seasons decreases slightly in WG and emissions but increases feed-food competition (human-edible feed +149 g/kg WG) with extra feed importations; Grazing improvement increases WG (+6.02%) and decreases emissions (−3.03%), human-edible feed per WG (−37 g/kg WG) and food-competing land per WG (−5.7 $\times$ 10⁻⁵ ha/kg WG) with no additional impact on feed imports; mixed scenario, increases total WG (+1.22%); decreases emissions (−3.25%) with less feed-food competition and less importation than baseline scenario.

SIGNIFICANCE

Beef cattle diet composition, linked to land-use based management practices, is an effective tool to handle the trade-offs at the regional scale. Improving pasture quality alleviates the trade-offs by increasing production, reducing emission, feed-food competition and feed imports. Improving resilience of grasslands to droughts alleviates the negative impacts of dietary changes during dry periods.

内容虽然肉牛生产系统在全球粮食安全中发挥着重要作用，但由于其对饲料生产用地的压力和温室气体排放，也引起了人们的关注。目标我们旨在量化不同肉牛日粮组成的权衡，同时考虑牛肉产量、温室气体排放和土地利用影响。我们建立了一个模型，将肉牛日粮组成与土地利用影响指标（饲料进口需求和饲料-食品竞争指标）、牛肉产量（以总增重[WG]表示）和一年中的动物排放量联系起来。我们将该模型应用于以草地为基础的法国布尔邦纳肉牛区，并分三步进行了分析：(i) 在谷物和草的共同摄入量范围内探索模型输出；(ii) 研究每种饲料摄入量对输出的敏感性；(iii) 模拟代表影响牛日粮情况的情景：旱季（作物和牧草平均产量、放牧时间、牛的生长速度降低 20%，牛的牧草采食量减少，但其他饲料种类的采食量也相应增加）、放牧改良（牧草产量增加 20%，其消化率和总能含量增加 5%）和混合（综合前几种情况）。结果和结论分析（i）表明，更易消化的日粮可兼顾生产和减排；但同时也会造成不必要的饲料进口和饲料-食品竞争。分析（二）表明，尽管油料作物作为饲料在日粮中的含量相对较小，但对模型变量和产出的影响很大。在分析（iii）中，与基线相比，旱季会略微减少 WG 和排放量，但会增加饲料-食物竞争（人类可食用饲料 +149 克/千克 WG），并带来额外的饲料进口；牧草改良会增加 WG（+6.02%），减少排放量（-3.03%）、每 WG 的人类可食用饲料（-37 克/千克 WG）和每 WG 的食物竞争土地（-5.意义肉牛日粮组成与基于土地利用的管理实践相关联，是在区域范围内处理权衡问题的有效工具。提高牧草质量可通过提高产量、减少排放、饲料竞争和饲料进口来缓解权衡问题。提高草地对干旱的适应能力可减轻干旱期饮食变化的负面影响。

{"title":"Regional-scale trade-offs among beef production, emissions and land use impacts: A cattle diet composition perspective","authors":"R. Wang , L. Puillet , C. Pinsard , P. Lescoat , F. Accatino","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>CONTEXT</h3><p>Although playing a role in global food security, beef production systems cause concerns due to pressure on land for feed production and greenhouse gas emissions.</p></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><p>We aimed at quantifying the trade-offs associated with different beef cattle diet compositions, considering beef meat production, greenhouse gas emissions, and land use impacts. In addition, we evaluated the influence of dry periods and grazing improvement for trade-off mitigation.</p></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><p>We developed a model linking beef cattle diet composition to land use impact indicators (feed import requirements and feed-food competition indicators), beef production (proxied by total weight gain [WG]), and animal emissions in a year. We applied the model to the grassland-based beef cattle region of Bourbonnais, France, with a three-step analysis: (i) we explored the model outputs over a joint range of cereal and grass intake; (ii) we investigated the sensitivity of each feed type intake on the outputs; (iii) we simulated scenarios representing situations affecting cattle diet: <em>dry seasons</em> (−20% average crop and grass yield, grazing time, cattle growth rate and less cattle grass intake compensated by an equivalent increase of other feed types)<em>, grazing improvement</em> (increasing grass yield by 20% and its digestibility and gross energy content by 5%) and <em>mixed</em> (combining the previous scenarios).</p></div><div><h3>RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS</h3><p>Analysis (i) showed that more digestible diets conciliate production with emission reduction; however, they also cause undesired feed imports and feed-food competition. Analysis (ii) showed that, although present in the diet in relatively small quantities, oil protein crops as feed have high impact on model variables and outputs. In analysis (iii), compared to <em>baseline</em>, <em>dry seasons</em> decreases slightly in WG and emissions but increases feed-food competition (human-edible feed +149 g/kg WG) with extra feed importations; <em>Grazing improvement</em> increases WG (+6.02%) and decreases emissions (−3.03%), human-edible feed per WG (−37 g/kg WG) and food-competing land per WG (−5.7<span><math><mo>×</mo></math></span>10<sup>−5</sup> ha/kg WG) with no additional impact on feed imports; <em>mixed</em> scenario, increases total WG (+1.22%); decreases emissions (−3.25%) with less feed-food competition and less importation than <em>baseline</em> scenario.</p></div><div><h3>SIGNIFICANCE</h3><p>Beef cattle diet composition, linked to land-use based management practices, is an effective tool to handle the trade-offs at the regional scale. Improving pasture quality alleviates the trade-offs by increasing production, reducing emission, feed-food competition and feed imports. Improving resilience of grasslands to droughts alleviates the negative impacts of dietary changes during dry periods.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104048"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X24001987/pdfft?md5=23c31e9f5f5f19b7beae0c8021e9fa58&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X24001987-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141731826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Perceived resilience of community supported agriculture in Germany 德国社区支持农业的复原力感知

IF 6.1 1区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Agricultural Systems

Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104068

Anna Rosman , Joseph MacPherson , Marie Arndt , Katharina Helming

Context

Amid an uncertain future with increasing environmental, economic, social, and institutional challenges, farmers in Germany need to find strategies to become more resilient through capacities of robustness, adaptability, and transformability. Parallel to that, Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), an alternative food and value chain network in which producers and consumers share the risks involved in farming, is rapidly spreading in the country. CSA has the potential to address sustainability concerns while at the same time improving farm resilience.

Objective

The main objective of this study is to provide an understanding of how a CSA-structure on a farm may impact farm resilience. It also aims to investigate how CSA farmers in Germany perceive the resilience of their farms, its functions, and the challenges they may face in the future.

Methods

A mixed methodology was applied, consisting of a case study with one CSA farmer following the approach for a resilience assessment developed by Meuwissen et al. (2019), and a survey with CSA farmers from Germany. The case study involved an in-depth interview, a resilience perception assessment and a Fuzzy-Cognitive-Mapping workshop, whose results were used as a starting point for developing the survey.

Results and conclusion

The case study revealed mechanisms for improving farm resilience through CSA, particularly through increased income security, risk protection, market independence, and satisfaction. These same resilience improving mechanisms could also be identified among the surveyed CSA farmers. Overall, CSA farmers showed a high level of perceived resilience in comparison to non-CSA farmers from a similar survey in a different study.

Significance

The study is the first of its kind to analyze CSA farmers in Germany through the lens of farm resilience theory. The study provides first insights to how transitioning to CSA affects the perceived resilience of farmers as well as underlying motivations. The results provide a strong indication that CSA could offer a viable strategy to help combat the resilience crisis, shedding thus a positive light on the current spread of the movement in Germany.

背景在环境、经济、社会和制度挑战不断增加的不确定未来中，德国的农民需要找到战略，通过提高稳健性、适应性和可改造性来增强复原力。与此同时，"社区支持农业"（CSA）正在德国迅速蔓延，这是一种替代性的食品和价值链网络，生产者和消费者在其中分担农业风险。本研究的主要目的是了解农场的 CSA 结构会如何影响农场的恢复能力。本研究还旨在调查德国的 CSA 农户如何看待其农场的恢复力、农场的功能以及未来可能面临的挑战。研究采用了混合方法，包括按照 Meuwissen 等人（2019 年）开发的恢复力评估方法对一位 CSA 农户进行的案例研究，以及对德国 CSA 农户进行的调查。案例研究包括深入访谈、复原力认知评估和模糊认知绘图研讨会，其结果被用作制定调查的起点。结果和结论案例研究揭示了通过 CSA 提高农场复原力的机制，特别是通过提高收入保障、风险保护、市场独立性和满意度。在接受调查的 CSA 农民中也可以发现这些提高抗灾能力的机制。总体而言，在另一项研究的类似调查中，与非 CSA 农户相比，CSA 农户表现出较高的感知复原力。该研究首次揭示了向 CSA 转型如何影响农民的抗逆力认知以及潜在动机。研究结果有力地表明，CSA 可以提供一种可行的策略来帮助应对复原力危机，从而为这一运动目前在德国的传播提供了积极的启示。

{"title":"Perceived resilience of community supported agriculture in Germany","authors":"Anna Rosman , Joseph MacPherson , Marie Arndt , Katharina Helming","doi":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Context</h3><p>Amid an uncertain future with increasing environmental, economic, social, and institutional challenges, farmers in Germany need to find strategies to become more resilient through capacities of robustness, adaptability, and transformability. Parallel to that, Community Supported Agriculture (CSA), an alternative food and value chain network in which producers and consumers share the risks involved in farming, is rapidly spreading in the country. CSA has the potential to address sustainability concerns while at the same time improving farm resilience.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The main objective of this study is to provide an understanding of how a CSA-structure on a farm may impact farm resilience. It also aims to investigate how CSA farmers in Germany perceive the resilience of their farms, its functions, and the challenges they may face in the future.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>A mixed methodology was applied, consisting of a case study with one CSA farmer following the approach for a resilience assessment developed by <span><span>Meuwissen et al. (2019)</span></span>, and a survey with CSA farmers from Germany. The case study involved an in-depth interview, a resilience perception assessment and a Fuzzy-Cognitive-Mapping workshop, whose results were used as a starting point for developing the survey.</p></div><div><h3>Results and conclusion</h3><p>The case study revealed mechanisms for improving farm resilience through CSA, particularly through increased income security, risk protection, market independence, and satisfaction. These same resilience improving mechanisms could also be identified among the surveyed CSA farmers. Overall, CSA farmers showed a high level of perceived resilience in comparison to non-CSA farmers from a similar survey in a different study.</p></div><div><h3>Significance</h3><p>The study is the first of its kind to analyze CSA farmers in Germany through the lens of farm resilience theory. The study provides first insights to how transitioning to CSA affects the perceived resilience of farmers as well as underlying motivations. The results provide a strong indication that CSA could offer a viable strategy to help combat the resilience crisis, shedding thus a positive light on the current spread of the movement in Germany.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7730,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Systems","volume":"220 ","pages":"Article 104068"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308521X2400218X/pdfft?md5=33d8c15a95cb4a700699709b12a9c53d&pid=1-s2.0-S0308521X2400218X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141728893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0