Silicon最新文献

This study investigates the impact of varying compositions of CdO, BaO, Bi₂O₃, and SiO₂ in glass materials on their physical, mechanical, and gamma radiation shielding properties. A series of glass samples with chemical compositions (50-x)CdO-10BaO-xBi₂O₃-40SiO₂: x = 0, 10, 20, and 30 mol% were prepared via the melt-quenching method. The density (ρ) of the investigated glass samples enhanced from 4.87 g/cm³ to 6.74 g/cm³ as Bi₂O₃ increased from 0 to 30 mol%. Young’s modulus (E) changed from 55.231 to 50.959 GPa, bulk modulus (B) changed from 38.589 to 32.740 GPa, shear modulus (S) changed from 21.892 to 20.538 GPa, and longitudinal modulus (L) changed from 55.008 to 48.144 GPa. Mass attenuation coefficient (G_MAC) and half-value layer (G_HVL) across a range of photon energies (0.122 to 1.332 MeV) were evaluated. The results indicate that increasing the Bi₂O₃ content while reducing CdO enhances the glass density and improves gamma photon attenuation at lower energy levels. The glass sample with the composition GBi-10 exhibited the most effective radiation shielding, with the lowest G_HVL and highest G_MAC values. In contrast, the sample with the highest CdO content (GBi-30) demonstrated the least effective shielding performance at higher energy levels. This study highlights the critical role of glass composition in optimizing radiation shielding properties and offers valuable insights for developing advanced materials for medical, nuclear, and aerospace applications.

Tunnel Field-Effect Transistors (TFETs) have emerged as promising alternatives to conventional Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) for next-generation low-power electronic applications, owing to their steep subthreshold swing (SS), low leakage currents, and scalability to advanced nanoscale architectures. This review presents a detailed exploration of the fundamental principles, design innovations, and material strategies employed to enhance TFET performance. Emphasis is placed on Band-to-Band tunneling (BTBT) mechanisms, the impact of novel materials such as III-V semiconductors, GeSn, InAs, and two-dimensional materials, as well as bandgap and gate engineering techniques. The paper evaluates advanced TFET structures, including doping-less, junction-less, vertical, and gate-all-around configurations, and their integration into analog, RF, and biosensing applications. Recent simulation models and fabrication challenges are also discussed. By examining state-of-the-art TFET research, this work highlights the transformative potential of TFETs in enabling ultra-low power devices and neuromorphic systems in the post-CMOS era.

The research discovers the effects of adding roselle fibers in high-strength concrete. Due to increasing environmental concerns, researchers replacing synthetic fibers with natural fibers. Insufficient quantity of materials presence leads to a way to find substitute materials. This research work discusses the mechanical and durability performance of roselle fibers reinforced high strength concrete. Silica fume -10% and metakaolin -5% were added as cementitious mixtures in both Concrete specimens. The experimental work was carried out with various fiber percentages from 0 to 3%. The results show that the optimum quantity of fiber requirement is 2%. Comparison was made between FRC (Fiber reinforced Concrete) specimens and conventional concrete specimens. The comparison shows concrete with fibers exhibits higher strength than conventional concrete. Due to the utilization of Silica fume and metakaolin, the cement requirement is reduced and with this, the CO₂ emission is highly reduced. There was an increase in compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength by 23%, 10.04%, and 10.72% respectively with 2% roselle fiber. Durability test results suggest that these values are acceptable for constructing durable structures. Roselle fibers usage in concrete has vast applications in the construction sectors. The scientific name for roselle fibers is Hibiscus sabdariffa and it belongs to the Malvacea family. Roselle fiber’s are widely used in the textile industry. Roselle fibers presence shows enhanced performance than plain specimens. It is recommended that roselle fiber reinforced concrete would be feasible for durable concrete structures including high-rise buildings and multi-storied buildings and it makes a way to create an eco-friendly environment.

Graphical Abstract

Colorectal cancer, a highly prevalent malignant tumor on a global scale, requires the development of novel therapeutic strategies that are both highly efficient and less toxic. This study presents a novel electro-responsive drug delivery system for colorectal cancer therapy. The synthesized composite exhibited distinct redox activity in 0.1 M PBS (pH 7.0), with an enhanced oxidation peak current (0.65 mA) compared to the drug-free matrix, indicating improved electron transfer upon loading compound 1. Fluorescence intensity significantly increased to ~ 290 a.u. (λ_em ≈ 575 nm), verifying successful drug encapsulation. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy further confirmed increased charge transfer resistance (Rct ≈ 5950 Ω), suggesting stable drug immobilization. Time-resolved fluorescence analysis revealed over 95% drug release within 320 min in PBS (pH 6.0), while applied potential and pH modulated release efficiency, reaching > 95% at 0.8 V and pH 2.0, respectively. In vitro CCK-8 assays demonstrated that Glucose–MPTMS@CP1@1 significantly inhibited proliferation of HCT116 and SW480 cells in a time-dependent manner, with stronger effects observed in HCT116 (P < 0.01). These results highlight Glucose–MPTMS@CP1@1 as a promising electrochemically controlled, pH-responsive platform for targeted colorectal cancer therapy.

Circular layout Transistors provide an effective approach to mitigating short-channel effects (SCEs) in advanced technology nodes. This study explores the design and simulation of Circular Double Gate Transistors (CDGTs) and Circular Stacked Nanosheet Transistors (CSNTs) for high-performance (HP) applications at a 10 nm gate length. The devices were designed using gds2mesh process and evaluated through fully calibrated TCAD simulations to analyze both DC and analog/RF performance. The CSNT exhibited superior DC characteristics, achieving the highest ON-state drive current (I_ON) of 2.27 × 10^–3 A and the lowest OFF-state leakage current (I_OFF) of 5.38 × 10^–9 A. Furthermore, it demonstrated an impressive switching ratio (I_ON/I_OFF) of 4.23 × 10⁵, marking a 3.7 × improvement over the CDGT. The CSNT also outperformed the CDGT in analog/RF performance, reinforcing its potential for next-generation nanoelectronic applications. These findings establish CSNTs as promising candidates for future transistor architectures, offering enhanced scalability and performance in advanced semiconductor technologies.

Purpose

Rice–shrimp co-culture (RS) needs to balance agricultural productivity with water quality requirements for shrimp. Studies indicate Silicon (Si) promotes plant growth and development and resistance to stress, potentially addressing this challenge. However, the effects of Si on RS systems remain largely unexplored. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using Si as a fertilizer in RS systems. Given the crucial role of stable and effective microbial communities in maintaining healthy agroecosystems, the investigation focuses on two primary aspects: the impact of Si on shrimp and the community dynamics of bacterial and fungal within RS systems.

Methods

The study assessed the effects of Si on shrimp by measuring survival rates and antioxidant enzyme activity. Additionally, high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to evaluate the influence of Si on soil microbial communities in RS systems.

Results

Si did not induce significant reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress in shrimp, and reduced shrimp mortality under laboratory conditions. Si fertilizer had no significant (p > 0.05) effect on the richness and diversity of bacteria and fungi in the soil of the RS. Analysis of Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA), Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM), and Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) revealed that Si application could alleviate the effects of the RS system on soil microbial community structure and composition, thereby promoting a stable soil microbial ecological environment beneficial the co-culture system.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate that Si fertilizer has no adverse effects on freshwater shrimp and the RS microbial communities, and is most likely to have positive effects. Hence, we propose that Si fertilizer represents a promising option for enhancing RS systems.

The article is focused on examining the optical properties of the polymer binder based on polymethylphenylsiloxane varnish. The varnish was modified with SiO₂ nanoparticles of various concentrations. The diffuse reflectance and transmittance spectra within 200 to 2500 nm were measured in vacuum (2·10^–6 Torr) before and after irradiation with accelerated electrons (in situ, E = 30 keV, F = 2·10¹⁶ cm⁻²). Additionally, solar absorptance was calculated and the shift in the optical absorption edge was established. The post-modification increase in reflectance has been recorded in the UV and visible regions. In the near-IR region, the reflectance coefficient was found to increase or decrease in accordance with the nanoparticles’ concentration. The irradiation of the varnish samples with electrons leads to the formation of the absorption band within 200 to 600 nm. The nanoparticle-based modification leads to the decrease in the intensity of the induced absorption band. The nanoparticle concentration values suitable for the varnish radiation stability were established. Additionally, it was confirmed that the modification of varnish with SiO₂ nanoparticles provides 1.6 fold increase in its radiation stability when exposed to radiation.

Short-channel effects (SCEs) and mobility degradation remain significant barriers to MOSFET scaling. This study proposes novel asymmetric dual oxide MOSFET structures with a 20 nm gate length, utilizing different gate oxide materials (TiO₂ and HfO₂) and both single and dual metal gate configurations. These designs are optimized through gate work function engineering to enhance device performance. Simulations using Silvaco TCAD confirm that the proposed structures particularly the Dual Metal Asymmetric Dual Oxide (DMADO) configuration offer significant improvements in ON current, switching efficiency, and suppression of short-channel effects. The results indicate the potential of these architectures for future high-performance, low-power nanoelectronic applications.

This study examines the synthesis, characterization, and optoelectronic properties of Mg-MgO-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ nanoparticles (NPs) created through laser ablation in ethanol. While significant efforts have been devoted to binary MgO materials, integrating ternary Mg-based nanoparticles with porous silicon remains a promising avenue for enhancing the broad-spectrum response of Si-based photodetectors. Consequently, this work addresses the challenge of limited spectral response by engineering a ternary Mg-MgO-Mg₁₇Al₁₂/PS hybrid layer. The NPs were produced using a Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm, 10 ns, 1 Hz) and were drop-cast onto photoelectrochemically etched porous silicon (PS) substrates. UV–Vis, SEM, and XRD analyses showed that the tetragonal metallic crystal phase was achieved with particle sizes ranging from 4.8 to 10.7 nm. The band gap increased with varying size, while the spectral responsivity reached 0.31 A/W (EQE ≈ 86%) at 450 nm. These findings show that Mg-MgO-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ NPs on PS significantly enhance broadband photodetector performance and provide an effective pathway for future practical applications in optoelectronic and related device technologies.

Silicon separation from diamond wire saw waste slurry is the primary step for silicon resource recovery, yet the relatively low recovery rate in current processes indicates inadequate separation efficiency. This study focuses on the sedimentation behavior of particle groups and investigates the interference sedimentation mechanism under the action of flocculants. Experimental results show that CPAM (Cationic Polyacrylamide) is the optimal flocculant for promoting interference sedimentation. For 3.72 μm silicon particles, the best effect is achieved with a CPAM concentration of 0.2% and a dosage of 0.34 g/L, while 0.59 μm silicon particles require a higher CPAM concentration of 0.4% and a dosage of 0.68 g/L due to their larger specific surface area and more surface voids, which demand more flocculant. The addition of PDDA(Polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride) can reduce the contact angle between particles and CPAM, improve the overall hydrophilicity of the suspension, and enhance flocculation efficiency. Specifically, 2.35 g/L PDDA is suitable for 3.72 μm particles, and 7.05 g/L PDDA is needed for 0.59 μm particles. This study reveals the influence of flocculant concentration and particle size on sedimentation, providing a theoretical basis for enhancing solid–liquid separation in silicon waste slurry recovery.