Silicon最新文献

Solar energy has emerged as a promising renewable solution, with cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells leading the way due to their high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. This study examines the performance of CdTe solar cells enhanced by incorporating silicon thin films (20-40 nm) fabricated via a sol-gel process. The resulting solar cells underwent comprehensive performance evaluations, including electrical, optical, and structural analyses. The structural behaviour of silicon/CdTe solar cells was investigated using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. SEM provides a high-resolution analysis of surface morphology with a fine grain of silicon, leads to enhanced functional performance, and XRD confirm the crystalline phase of CdTe and silicon. The study measured and compared key performance metrics, including electrical conductivity, hall coefficient, Tanu plot performance, I-V measurement, rectification ratio, and quantum efficiency with conventional CdTe solar cells. With nano SiC thin layer of 40 nm influences better electrical conductivity (10x10^-2 S/cm), limited hall coefficient (0.0044 cm³/C), with optimum bang gap of 1.45 eV, increased rectification ratio (2 at 0.8 V), and optimum I-V ranges of 1-2. The quantum efficiency of the CdTe: Si solar cell reached 89%, and the rectification ratio increased gradually due to the influence of Si doping. The experimental results show a notable enhancement in photoelectric conversion efficiency with silicon thin films, underscoring their promising potential for future photovoltaic applications.

This research aimed to isolate Staphylococcus ureilyticus MV-1 bacteria and evaluate their potential for soil application. These bacteria can solubilize silicate minerals up to 25 µg/mL in the first 10 h utilizing magnesium trisilicate as a silica source. This encourages plant development by generating plant hormones such as indole acetic acid (IAA). The IAA production peaked at 14 µg/mL after 48 h without further supplementation. Further, significant levels of micro- and macro-nutrient uptake were also recorded using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) in grapevine after treating it with MV-1 indicating the availability of nutrients to plants for proper growth and functioning. The results state that MV-1 had a synergistic effect on plant growth and soil fertility.

Apatite structured polycrystalline samples of rare earth manganese silicates, La₄MnSi₃O₁₃ and Y₄MnSi₃O₁₃, were synthesized via ceramic route, and their crystal structure, morphology, dielectric, optical, and luminescence characteristics were thoroughly examined. Rietveld refinements of the X-ray diffraction data and Raman results confirm that both the compounds are formed in single phase, and crystallize in hexagonal crystal symmetry. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs show the crystalline nature of the synthesized silicates, and the sizes of the grains are found in submicron range. The dielectric constant and tanδ show systematic variation with frequency. The low values of tanδ of these ceramic samples suggest the potential use in energy storage capacitive devices. The calculated wide band gap energies (4.3 eV and 4.03 eV) of these new compositions of silicate apatites make them useful for better absorption and emission of UV light for applications in solid state lighting devices. The photoluminescence characteristics of La₄MnSi₃O₁₃ and Y₄MnSi₃O₁₃ samples make them beautiful sources of green-yellow and green emissions, respectively.

In this paper, we compute the first Zagreb temperature entropy, the second Zagreb temperature entropy, the sum-connectivity temperature entropy, and the product-connectivity temperature entropy of the silicate network. We find the relationship between the temperature entropies of the silicate network. We also analyze and compare the different regressions of these entropies and try to find the best one for each case.

The intent of the proposed research is to analyze the effect of Silicon Nitride (Si₃N₄) and synthesized Graphene Oxide (GO) on the physical, wear and corrosive characteristics of the copper. The copper hybrid composite having constant GO and varying weight % of Si₃N₄ is prepared through powder metallurgy. The GO is synthesized from graphite through modified hummers method and its formation is confirmed through SEM, XRD, Raman and FTIR analysis. The SEM analysis of developed Cu/0.3rGO/xSi₃N₄ confirms the presence of reinforcements and density analysis confirms the reduction density. The microhardness is found increasing with GO and Si₃N₄ addition. Wear rate of the copper found decreases with reinforcement addition due to self-lubricating nature of GO and hardness of Si₃N₄ ceramic. Worn surface confirms the transition of severe wear to mild wear with Si₃N₄ addition. The corrosion results suggest that the composite reinforced with 0.3% GO and 15% Si₃N₄ yielded better corrosion resistance than the other developed composites. Corroded surface analysis confirms the reduction in surface damage with reinforcement addition that shows increase in corrosion resistance of copper with hybrid reinforcement addition.

Here, the capacities of Si₇₂, C₇₂ and B₃₆P₃₆ nanocages as electrodes various types of batteries are investigated by theoretical models. The effects of water and halogen adoption on capacities of Si₇₂, C₇₂ and B₃₆P₃₆ nanocages as electrodes various types of batteries are examined. Results have shown that the V_cell values of Si₇₂, Cl-Si₇₂, Br-Si₇₂, C₇₂, Cl-C₇₂, Br-C₇₂, B₃₆P₃₆, Cl-B₃₆P₃₆, Br-B₃₆P₃₆ nanocages in Mg-ion batteries are 3.58, 3.65, 3.68, 3.81, 3.88, 3.91, 4.05, 4.12 and 4.16 V, respectively. The C_theory values of Si₇₂, Cl-Si₇₂, Br-Si₇₂, C₇₂, Cl-C₇₂, Br-C₇₂, B₃₆P₃₆, Cl-B₃₆P₃₆, Br-B₃₆P₃₆ nanocages as anodes in Mg-ion batteries are 896, 910, 919, 953, 969, 978, 1013, 1031 and 1040 mAhg⁻¹, respectively. The BP nanocages and their halogen doped derivatives have higher V_cell and C_theory than corresponding other studied nanocages. Finally, the Cl-B₃₆P₃₆ and Br-B₃₆P₃₆ nanocages are suggested as new materials as anodes in batteries with acceptable performances.

The abilities of Si₅₀, C₅₀, B₂₅P₂₅, Fe-Si₅₀, Fe-C₅₀, Fe-B₂₅P₂₅ to deliver the Procarbazine are investigated. The thermodynamic parameters of interactions of Procarbazine with Si₅₀, C₅₀, B₂₅P₂₅, Fe-Si₅₀, Fe-C₅₀, Fe-B₂₅P₂₅ nanocages are examined. The ΔG_adsorption of Procarbazine on silicon and carbon nanocages are calculated by computational models to propose the nanocages with high capacity to adsorb the Procarbazine. Results have shown that the Si₅₀, C₅₀, B₂₅P₂₅, Fe-Si₅₀, Fe-C₅₀, Fe-B₂₅P₂₅ nanocages are stable nanostructures from thermodynamic viewpoint. The ΔG_adsorption values of Si₅₀-Procarbazine, C₅₀-Procarbazine, B₂₅P₂₅-Procarbazine, Fe-Si₅₀-Procarbazine, Fe-C₅₀-Procarbazine and Fe-B₂₅P₂₅-Procarbazine are -3.04, -3.15, -3.29, -3.77, -3.90 and -4.00 eV. The Fe-B₂₅P₂₅ has suitable capacity to deliver the Procarbazine. The metals can improve the recovery times of Procarbazine on silicon and carbon nanocages. The ΔG_adsorption value of Fe-B₂₅P₂₅-Procarbazine is higher than Fe-C₅₀ for delivering the Procarbazine. The Fe-B₂₅P₂₅ is suggested as acceptable material to deliver the Procarbazine.

Ba_1.98Dy_0.02SiO₄ nanoceramic samples were synthesized using the most versatile sol–gel and citrate sol–gel techniques. The properties of Ba_1.98Dy_0.02SiO₄ nanoceramics were perceived by XRD pattern, IR spectra, UV–Vis-DR Spectra, FESEM, etc. XRD confirmed the phase purity and homogeneity of the samples. Rietveld refinement methodology was employed to authenticate the prepared samples' structural parameters and crystal structure. FTIR analysis provides the IR vibrations consistent with bonding among the atoms and molecules. Compared to IR, high-frequency Raman modes attributed to SiO₄ units are shifted. FESEM micrographs revealed the formation of spherical shape nanoparticles and nanorods. EDAX spectra governed the elemental composition of prepared samples, further confirmed via XPS scan. Diffuse reflectance examined optical modifications and band structure of the nanoceramics. The band gap of the proposed samples was intended to use the best relationship between the Kubelka Munk function and reflectance data. The comparative results showed that the citric acid-assisted Ba_1.98Dy_0.02SiO₄ sample has better structural and optical characteristics with nanorod morphology functional in device fabrication. At the same time, the sample prepared by traditional sol–gel has spherical nanopowders suitable for display devices. The 0-dim and 1-dim morphology of the samples were ascribed to the significant differences in the synthesis conditions.

In this work, we studied the electrochemical behaviour of silicon ions in NaCl-KCl-KF molten salts containing K₂SiF₆ at 1003 K. Electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry and chronoamperometry were used to study the kinetics of Si deposition on molybdenum working electrode. The diffusion coefficient and nucleation mode of silicon ions were investigated. The nucleation mode of Si ions was determined to be instantaneous nucleation by chronoamperometry. The diffusion coefficient of Si ions is 0.32 × 10^–5 cm².s⁻¹ and 1.21 × 10^–5 cm².s⁻¹ from cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry, respectively. Before Si film formation, MoSi₂ layer is formed on the Mo electrode. Electrolysis was performed in potentiostatic and galvanostatic modes. SEM, EDS and XRD analysis was performed on cathode products. At low cathode current densities, only MoSi₂ is formed, whereas MoSi₂ layer formation followed by thick Si film deposition takes place at high current densities.

In chemical graph theory, topological indices are numerical quantities associated with the structure of molecular compounds. These indices are utilized in the construction of quantitative structure-property relationships (QSPR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) analysis and quantify the different features of the molecular topology. M-polynomial gives a handy method for managing complex computations involving various indices and offers a consistent methodology to derive multiple degree-based topological indices. Graph entropy measures are employed to measure the structural information content, disorder and complexity of a graph. In this article, we examine the geometric-quadratic (GQ) and quadratic-geometric (QG) indices for silicon carbide networks, namely (text {Si}_{2}text {C}_{3} textit{-I}[p,q]), (text {Si}_{2}text {C}_{3} textit{-II}[p,q]) and (text {Si}_{2}text {C}_{3} textit{-III}[p,q]) with the help of their respective M-polynomials. Next, we propose the idea of the GQ-QG indices-based entropy measure and compute their expressions for the above-said networks. Furthermore, the graphical representation and numerical computation of the GQ-QG indices and associated entropy measures are performed to assess their behavior. These indices and entropy measures may be helpful in predicting the physico-chemical properties and understanding the structural behavior of the considered silicon carbide networks.