Green Chemistry最新文献

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A novel electrochemical Hofmann-type rearrangement enables facile access to α-oxoisocyanates for the synthesis of N-carbamoylacetamides†

IF 9.3 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Green Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1039/d4gc05807k

Xinxin Zhao , Jian Wang , Dabo Guo , Wenmin Liu , Yongqi Yu , Wenguang Li , Ting Li , Ming Chen

The utilization of amines as nucleophiles in Hofmann rearrangement remains a persistent challenge in the field of electrochemistry due to the small difference in oxidation potential between the commonly employed bromide catalysts and amines that would lead to amine deactivation. Herein, we demonstrate an unprecedented Hofmann-type rearrangement that allows convenient access to the challenging α-oxoisocyanates from readily available α-oxoamides with TBAI as the only additive under electrochemical conditions. A variety of primary and secondary amines were examined as effective coupling partners to afford value-added N-carbamoylacetamides with exceptional chemoselectivity and satisfactory yields. Besides, the protocol readily yields N-acylcarbamates with alcohol nucleophiles. This atom-/electron-economical, scalable method features operational simplicity, broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance. The potential utility of this strategy has been elucidated by its applicability in the concise synthesis of drugs and insecticides. The success of this electrochemical method stems from its unique mechanism to convert α-oxoamides into α-oxoisocyanates through the concerted efforts of TBAI catalysts and nucleophiles, rather than the direct amide activation commonly employed in traditional Hofmann rearrangement. Furthermore, the choice of TBAI and the cathodic reduction is crucial for the transformation.

{"title":"A novel electrochemical Hofmann-type rearrangement enables facile access to α-oxoisocyanates for the synthesis of N-carbamoylacetamides†","authors":"Xinxin Zhao , Jian Wang , Dabo Guo , Wenmin Liu , Yongqi Yu , Wenguang Li , Ting Li , Ming Chen","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05807k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05807k","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of amines as nucleophiles in Hofmann rearrangement remains a persistent challenge in the field of electrochemistry due to the small difference in oxidation potential between the commonly employed bromide catalysts and amines that would lead to amine deactivation. Herein, we demonstrate an unprecedented Hofmann-type rearrangement that allows convenient access to the challenging α-oxoisocyanates from readily available α-oxoamides with TBAI as the only additive under electrochemical conditions. A variety of primary and secondary amines were examined as effective coupling partners to afford value-added <em>N</em>-carbamoylacetamides with exceptional chemoselectivity and satisfactory yields. Besides, the protocol readily yields <em>N</em>-acylcarbamates with alcohol nucleophiles. This atom-/electron-economical, scalable method features operational simplicity, broad substrate scope, and excellent functional group tolerance. The potential utility of this strategy has been elucidated by its applicability in the concise synthesis of drugs and insecticides. The success of this electrochemical method stems from its unique mechanism to convert α-oxoamides into α-oxoisocyanates through the concerted efforts of TBAI catalysts and nucleophiles, rather than the direct amide activation commonly employed in traditional Hofmann rearrangement. Furthermore, the choice of TBAI and the cathodic reduction is crucial for the transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 10","pages":"Pages 2751-2759"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Continuous flow synthesis of cyclobutenes via lithium ynolates†

IF 9.3 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Green Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1039/d4gc05102e

Aki Kohyama , Motoki Namioka , Hiroshi Naka , Yosuke Ashikari , Aiichiro Nagaki , Hiroshi Takikawa , Yousuke Yamaoka , Kiyosei Takasu

Batch reactions that involve the generation of highly reactive species require a cryogenic temperature, complicated manipulations by chemists, and higher amounts of reagents, resulting in energy wastage and high costs. In this study, we developed a continuous flow synthesis of functionalised cyclobutenes, where the first step was the flash generation of short-lived lithium ynolates. Lithium ynolates were generated by the reaction of α,α,α-tribromomethyl ketones and n-butyllithium at 30 °C in 2.5 s and transferred to the next reactor before decomposition. The optimal reaction time (2.5 s) and temperature (30 °C) were determined via in-line Raman spectroscopy. The one-flow process involved three steps: the generation of lithium ynolates, the [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with α,β-unsaturated esters, and acetylation of the resulting unstable lithium enolates. These reactions were mediated by several reactive chemical species such as lithium ynolates, ketenes, and lithium enolates. Our green, flash flow approach to generating ynolate anions does not require cryogenic conditions and is highly reproducible and scalable, making it suitable for practical applications.

{"title":"Continuous flow synthesis of cyclobutenes via lithium ynolates†","authors":"Aki Kohyama , Motoki Namioka , Hiroshi Naka , Yosuke Ashikari , Aiichiro Nagaki , Hiroshi Takikawa , Yousuke Yamaoka , Kiyosei Takasu","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05102e","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05102e","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Batch reactions that involve the generation of highly reactive species require a cryogenic temperature, complicated manipulations by chemists, and higher amounts of reagents, resulting in energy wastage and high costs. In this study, we developed a continuous flow synthesis of functionalised cyclobutenes, where the first step was the flash generation of short-lived lithium ynolates. Lithium ynolates were generated by the reaction of α,α,α-tribromomethyl ketones and <em>n</em>-butyllithium at 30 °C in 2.5 s and transferred to the next reactor before decomposition. The optimal reaction time (2.5 s) and temperature (30 °C) were determined <em>via</em> in-line Raman spectroscopy. The one-flow process involved three steps: the generation of lithium ynolates, the [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with α,β-unsaturated esters, and acetylation of the resulting unstable lithium enolates. These reactions were mediated by several reactive chemical species such as lithium ynolates, ketenes, and lithium enolates. Our green, flash flow approach to generating ynolate anions does not require cryogenic conditions and is highly reproducible and scalable, making it suitable for practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 10","pages":"Pages 2760-2765"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/gc/d4gc05102e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Upcycling hazardous waste into high-performance Ni/η-Al2O3 catalysts for CO2 methanation†

IF 9.3 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Green Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1039/d4gc05217j

Qaisar Maqbool , Hamilton Uchenna Aharanwa , Michael Stöger-Pollach , Günther Rupprechter

Transforming hazardous and difficult-to-process waste materials, like spent Ni-MH batteries and aluminium foil, into nanocatalysts (NCts) provides a sustainable solution for resource management and reducing environmental impact. This study demonstrates a novel approach by extracting nickel sulfate (NiSO₄·xH₂O) from battery waste and subsequently converting it into Ni(OH)₂ hydrogel precursors using l-glutamic acid. Waste aluminium foil was processed into alumina (Al₂O₃), and combined with Ni(OH)₂ to synthesize Ni/η-Al₂O₃ NCts with 4% and 8% Ni loading. Characterization through XRD/SAED, STEM/EFTEM, and EELS revealed a disordered cubic structure of η-Al₂O₃, with well-dispersed Ni particles, making it effective for CO₂ hydrogenation. The 8-Ni/η-Al₂O₃ exhibited the best catalytic performance, with CH₄ selectivity of 99.8% and space time yield (STY) of 80.3 mmol_CH₄ g_cat⁻¹ h⁻¹ at 400 °C. The CO₂ methanation mechanism over Ni/η-Al₂O₃ NCts was further explored using operando DRIFTS aligned with GC + MS. The operando investigation suggested a preferential associative CO₂ methanation pathway, involving sequential adsorption and hydrogenation of CO₂ to hydrogen carbonates on Ni/η-Al₂O₃, and their transformation into formate and methoxy intermediates leading to methane. Finally, to complete the upcycling/recycling loop, the spent Ni/η-Al₂O₃ NCts were recycled into Ni and Al precursors. These findings underscore the potential of upcycling waste materials for synthesizing sustainable, high-performance NCts, and offer insights into the CO₂ methanation mechanism.

{"title":"Upcycling hazardous waste into high-performance Ni/η-Al2O3 catalysts for CO2 methanation†","authors":"Qaisar Maqbool , Hamilton Uchenna Aharanwa , Michael Stöger-Pollach , Günther Rupprechter","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05217j","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05217j","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Transforming hazardous and difficult-to-process waste materials, like spent Ni-MH batteries and aluminium foil, into nanocatalysts (NCts) provides a sustainable solution for resource management and reducing environmental impact. This study demonstrates a novel approach by extracting nickel sulfate (NiSO<sub>4</sub>·<em>x</em>H<sub>2</sub>O) from battery waste and subsequently converting it into Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> hydrogel precursors using <span>l</span>-glutamic acid. Waste aluminium foil was processed into alumina (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), and combined with Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> to synthesize Ni/η-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NCts with 4% and 8% Ni loading. Characterization through XRD/SAED, STEM/EFTEM, and EELS revealed a disordered cubic structure of η-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, with well-dispersed Ni particles, making it effective for CO<sub>2</sub> hydrogenation. The 8-Ni/η-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> exhibited the best catalytic performance, with CH<sub>4</sub> selectivity of 99.8% and space time yield (STY) of 80.3 mmol<sub>CH<sub>4</sub></sub> g<sub>cat</sub><sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup> at 400 °C. The CO<sub>2</sub> methanation mechanism over Ni/η-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NCts was further explored using <em>operando</em> DRIFTS aligned with GC + MS. The <em>operando</em> investigation suggested a preferential associative CO<sub>2</sub> methanation pathway, involving sequential adsorption and hydrogenation of CO<sub>2</sub> to hydrogen carbonates on Ni/η-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and their transformation into formate and methoxy intermediates leading to methane. Finally, to complete the upcycling/recycling loop, the spent Ni/η-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> NCts were recycled into Ni and Al precursors. These findings underscore the potential of upcycling waste materials for synthesizing sustainable, high-performance NCts, and offer insights into the CO<sub>2</sub> methanation mechanism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 10","pages":"Pages 2706-2722"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11826383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143432054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel electrochemical recycling strategy for NdFeB swarf with minimized chemical consumption†

IF 9.3 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Green Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1039/d4gc04519j

Xiaozheng Jia , Xiaodong Liu , Xuan Xu , Peng Jing , Baocang Liu , Tao Bai , Jun Zhang

This communication presents a chemical-minimized strategy for recycling NdFeB swarf using a three-chamber electrolysis cell. The NdFeB swarf was effectively dissolved in the anolyte, followed by electro-oxidation of Fe²⁺. By leveraging the cathodically generated NaOH, 94.56% of rare earth elements and nearly all Fe were recovered as rare earth oxides and δ-FeOOH, respectively, resulting in a significant reduction of alkali consumption by over 90%. This recycling process eliminates acid consumption and wastewater discharge with an acceptable energy consumption of 11.82 kW h kg⁻¹.

引用次数: 0

Photo-induced solvent-enabled catalyst-/additive-free selective C(α)–C(β) bond cleavage of β-O-4 ketone lignin model compounds at room temperature†

IF 9.3 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Green Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1039/d4gc05578k

Ke Liu , Zhaolun Ma , Mingjing Deng , Tongtong Ma , Shengying Li , Qingsheng Qi , Longyang Dian

In this work, an efficient catalyst-/additive-free selective C–C bond cleavage of β-O-4 ketone lignin model compounds was carried out to form the corresponding carboxylic acids and phenyl formates under the irradiation of light at room temperature in an air atmosphere, providing an efficient approach to the selective carbon–carbon bond cleavage reaction without using any photo catalysts. Results of mechanistic control experiments indicated that the in situ generation of radicals of dichloroethane (DCE) in the presence of visible light is essential to realize the selective C(α)–C(β) bond cleavage reaction.

引用次数: 0

Biodegradable microbeads for personal care products and cosmetics

IF 9.3 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Green Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1039/D4GC05852F

Xianzhu You, Yating Zhou, Rongjiao Sun, Xiaopeng Pei, Hua Zhou, Da Deng, Zhiying Wang, Wanle Hu and Ying Tan

Plastic microbeads in cosmetics and personal care products are major contributors to microplastic pollution and pose a significant threat to ecosystems and human health. Biodegradable microbeads, made from synthetic or natural biodegradable polymers, are emerging as promising alternatives with considerable potential for application in the personal care and cosmetics industry. This review focuses on the current alternatives to plastic microbeads and discusses methods for producing biodegradable microbeads for exfoliation. The properties of biodegradable microbeads directly influence both product performance and environmental impacts. Thus, their mechanical properties, stability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and environmental friendliness are outlined. Additionally, potential future applications of biodegradable microbeads in cosmetics are explored. Finally, this review addresses the challenges and green sustainability prospects of biodegradable microbeads in the cosmetics industry.

引用次数: 0

Thiyl chemistry: cysteine-catalyzed maleate isomerization via aqueous thiyl radical processes†

IF 9.3 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Green Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1039/d4gc06310d

Satoru Kosaka , Kentaro Kurebayashi , Naoki Yamato , Hiroshi Tanaka , Naoki Haruta , Masanori Yamamoto

Enzymatic systems efficiently catalyze the E/Z isomerization of CC double bonds by thiol-based cysteine residues, while artificial reactions utilizing thiol-based molecules have remained stoichiometric, not catalytic. Herein, we report a catalytic isomerization of maleate to fumarate under mild temperatures using molecular catalysts based on cysteine and its analogs, activated via chemical or photochemical radical processes. Kinetic analysis and density functional theory (DFT) study support an aqueous thiyl radical-catalyzed reaction. The reaction exhibits first-order dependence on the reactant concentration, zeroth-order dependence on the thiol molecule concentration, and first-order with respect to the radical initiator concentration. The catalytic turnover number of 2500 and initial catalytic turnover frequency of 1.1 s⁻¹ have been achieved on a small scale in the presence of thiyl radicals, while the gram-scale synthesis is also achieved by the aqueous thiyl catalysis. Chemical “mutational” studies reveal the importance of both the thiol unit and the intramolecular adjacent groups for efficient catalysis.

{"title":"Thiyl chemistry: cysteine-catalyzed maleate isomerization via aqueous thiyl radical processes†","authors":"Satoru Kosaka , Kentaro Kurebayashi , Naoki Yamato , Hiroshi Tanaka , Naoki Haruta , Masanori Yamamoto","doi":"10.1039/d4gc06310d","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc06310d","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enzymatic systems efficiently catalyze the <em>E</em>/<em>Z</em> isomerization of CC double bonds by thiol-based cysteine residues, while artificial reactions utilizing thiol-based molecules have remained stoichiometric, not catalytic. Herein, we report a catalytic isomerization of maleate to fumarate under mild temperatures using molecular catalysts based on cysteine and its analogs, activated <em>via</em> chemical or photochemical radical processes. Kinetic analysis and density functional theory (DFT) study support an aqueous thiyl radical-catalyzed reaction. The reaction exhibits first-order dependence on the reactant concentration, zeroth-order dependence on the thiol molecule concentration, and first-order with respect to the radical initiator concentration. The catalytic turnover number of 2500 and initial catalytic turnover frequency of 1.1 s<sup>−1</sup> have been achieved on a small scale in the presence of thiyl radicals, while the gram-scale synthesis is also achieved by the aqueous thiyl catalysis. Chemical “mutational” studies reveal the importance of both the thiol unit and the intramolecular adjacent groups for efficient catalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 10","pages":"Pages 2743-2750"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Metal-free polymer photocatalysts for efficient gas-phase reduction of atmospheric CO2 and simultaneous H2O2 production†

IF 9.3 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Green Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1039/d4gc05674d

Wei Wu , Mantao Chen , Chunyuan Feng , Waner Li , Tingting Zhang , Chao Zeng , Bo Wang , Lixiang Zhong , Chunhui Dai

Solar-driven reduction of CO₂ into hydrocarbon fuels along with the concurrent production of H₂O₂ using semiconductor photocatalysts represents a promising strategy for alleviating global carbon emissions while simultaneously producing useful chemicals. Herein, a series of benzobisthiazole-bridged conjugated microporous polymers are designed, and efficient CO and H₂O₂ coproduction is achieved for the first time via the direct photoreduction of atmospheric CO₂ with saturated water vapor. The abundant N and S atoms in the porous frameworks provide the polymers with high CO₂/N₂ selectivities of 51–67 at 298 K as well as accessible catalytic sites for activating CO₂ and H₂O molecules under light irradiation. Moreover, TPT-BBT bearing a 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine unit demonstrates the smallest exciton binding energy and enhanced photoinduced charge transfer among the three polymers. Therefore, upon exposure to simulated solar light (100 mW cm⁻²), metal-free TPT-BBT displays superior CO and H₂O₂ yields of up to 361.2 and 552.7 μmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹, respectively, which are substantially higher than those of most photocatalysts reported thus far under similar conditions. These results offer new insights into the design of high-performance polymer photocatalysts for simultaneous gas-phase CO₂ reduction and H₂O₂ production under mild conditions.

{"title":"Metal-free polymer photocatalysts for efficient gas-phase reduction of atmospheric CO2 and simultaneous H2O2 production†","authors":"Wei Wu , Mantao Chen , Chunyuan Feng , Waner Li , Tingting Zhang , Chao Zeng , Bo Wang , Lixiang Zhong , Chunhui Dai","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05674d","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05674d","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Solar-driven reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> into hydrocarbon fuels along with the concurrent production of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> using semiconductor photocatalysts represents a promising strategy for alleviating global carbon emissions while simultaneously producing useful chemicals. Herein, a series of benzobisthiazole-bridged conjugated microporous polymers are designed, and efficient CO and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> coproduction is achieved for the first time <em>via</em> the direct photoreduction of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> with saturated water vapor. The abundant N and S atoms in the porous frameworks provide the polymers with high CO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> selectivities of 51–67 at 298 K as well as accessible catalytic sites for activating CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O molecules under light irradiation. Moreover, TPT-BBT bearing a 2,4,6-triphenyl-1,3,5-triazine unit demonstrates the smallest exciton binding energy and enhanced photoinduced charge transfer among the three polymers. Therefore, upon exposure to simulated solar light (100 mW cm<sup>−2</sup>), metal-free TPT-BBT displays superior CO and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> yields of up to 361.2 and 552.7 μmol h<sup>−1</sup> g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, which are substantially higher than those of most photocatalysts reported thus far under similar conditions. These results offer new insights into the design of high-performance polymer photocatalysts for simultaneous gas-phase CO<sub>2</sub> reduction and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> production under mild conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 10","pages":"Pages 2766-2775"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring enzyme–MOF (metal–organic framework) catalytic systems: trade-offs between enzyme activity and MOF stability

IF 9.3 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Green Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1039/d4gc05154h

Huayang Tang , Dexun Fan , Yian Chen , Shuangyan Han

Enzymes are highly efficient natural catalysts widely used in green biocatalysis, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. However, their industrial applications are often limited by high costs, poor stability, and low activity. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), with their exceptional porosity, structural stability, and customizable properties, present a sustainable solution for enzyme immobilization, significantly enhancing stability, reusability, and catalytic efficiency in sustainable green processes. The stability of MOFs often relies on harsh synthesis conditions, while maintaining enzyme activity necessitates natural mild environments. Despite significant research efforts to improve enzymatic performance within MOFs, the trade-offs between MOF stability and enzyme activity in enzyme–MOF hybrid systems remain only partially understood. This review underscores the critical importance of achieving this balance, summarizes the key factors and interactions within enzymes@MOF systems, and provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements aimed at striking this equilibrium, thereby fostering the development of sustainable green catalytic technologies.

{"title":"Exploring enzyme–MOF (metal–organic framework) catalytic systems: trade-offs between enzyme activity and MOF stability","authors":"Huayang Tang , Dexun Fan , Yian Chen , Shuangyan Han","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05154h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05154h","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Enzymes are highly efficient natural catalysts widely used in green biocatalysis, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. However, their industrial applications are often limited by high costs, poor stability, and low activity. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), with their exceptional porosity, structural stability, and customizable properties, present a sustainable solution for enzyme immobilization, significantly enhancing stability, reusability, and catalytic efficiency in sustainable green processes. The stability of MOFs often relies on harsh synthesis conditions, while maintaining enzyme activity necessitates natural mild environments. Despite significant research efforts to improve enzymatic performance within MOFs, the trade-offs between MOF stability and enzyme activity in enzyme–MOF hybrid systems remain only partially understood. This review underscores the critical importance of achieving this balance, summarizes the key factors and interactions within enzymes@MOF systems, and provides a comprehensive review of recent advancements aimed at striking this equilibrium, thereby fostering the development of sustainable green catalytic technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 10","pages":"Pages 2605-2628"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Green chemistry approaches in materials science: physico-mechanical properties and sustainable applications of grass fiber-reinforced composites

IF 9.3 1区化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY

Green Chemistry

Pub Date : 2025-02-05 DOI: 10.1039/d4gc05569a

Shruti S. Pattnaik , Diptiranjan Behera , Debasis Nanda , Nigamananda Das , Ajaya K. Behera

Escalating environmental crises have spurred research into biodegradable composites as sustainable alternatives to synthetic materials. Fibers from the grass family (Poaceae) are promising due to their renewable nature, lightweight and low-density structure, and favorable mechanical properties. This review highlights their potential to address the environmental and performance challenges of conventional materials, which also aligns with the principles of green chemistry. Grass fibers, derived from stems, leaves, and roots, are abundant, fast-growing, and eco-friendly. Rich in cellulose, they offer excellent reinforcement potential, especially when modified for improved fiber–matrix adhesion. Their desirable mechanical characteristics, including high tensile and flexural strength, make them suitable for applications in the automotive, construction, and packaging industries. Additionally, their biodegradability and sustainable sourcing help mitigate issues related to non-degradable plastics. This study examines their processing techniques and physico-mechanical properties while emphasizing barriers to adoption and the role they play in promoting sustainable material lifecycles as per the defined sustainable development goals.

{"title":"Green chemistry approaches in materials science: physico-mechanical properties and sustainable applications of grass fiber-reinforced composites","authors":"Shruti S. Pattnaik , Diptiranjan Behera , Debasis Nanda , Nigamananda Das , Ajaya K. Behera","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05569a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05569a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Escalating environmental crises have spurred research into biodegradable composites as sustainable alternatives to synthetic materials. Fibers from the grass family (<em>Poaceae</em>) are promising due to their renewable nature, lightweight and low-density structure, and favorable mechanical properties. This review highlights their potential to address the environmental and performance challenges of conventional materials, which also aligns with the principles of green chemistry. Grass fibers, derived from stems, leaves, and roots, are abundant, fast-growing, and eco-friendly. Rich in cellulose, they offer excellent reinforcement potential, especially when modified for improved fiber–matrix adhesion. Their desirable mechanical characteristics, including high tensile and flexural strength, make them suitable for applications in the automotive, construction, and packaging industries. Additionally, their biodegradability and sustainable sourcing help mitigate issues related to non-degradable plastics. This study examines their processing techniques and physico-mechanical properties while emphasizing barriers to adoption and the role they play in promoting sustainable material lifecycles as per the defined sustainable development goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 10","pages":"Pages 2629-2660"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143535605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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Green Chemistry

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