Annales medico-psychologiques最新文献

Objectives

The Short Dark Triad (SD3) scale has been created by Delroy L. Paulhus and his team in 2013 (University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada). Its purpose is to provide a brief measure of three socially aversive traits known as the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy). This study aims to explore the psychometric properties of this French version of the scale and to validate this translation.

Materials and methods

The SD3 scale has been translated from English to French, then retro-translated to English again to compare it to the original version. The validation continued with an online survey (LimeSurvey) allowing to compare the results of the three sub-scales with the results of the three existing scales previously validated in French (MACH-IV-fr, NPI-fr, LSRP-fr). A total of 787 participants answered the online survey.

Results and conclusions

Statistical analyzes suggest a good internal consistency (n = 580 and Cronbach's alpha coefficients: 0.85 on the full scale, 0.78, 0.70, 0.69 on the sub-scales of Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy) and a good external validity of the SD3-fr translated in the present work (n = 500 and SD3 Machia–MACHIV-fr correlation: 0.70; SD3 Narcis – NPI-fr: 0.74; SD3 Psychopathy – LSRP-fr: 0.67). The confirmatory factor analysis suggests a three correlated factors model. This SD3-fr scale will be used in a further study.

On the eve of the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games, the psychological pressure is mounting as much on athletes in the process of qualifying as on those who have already qualified. Through the values conveyed by Olympism (excellence, respect and friendship), participation or even success in this competition can represent an ultimate goal for an athlete's career. Its worldwide resonance, its infrequency every 4 years and its location in Paris make it a special event that is both a source of motivation and a source of intense stress. But whether it's the Olympic and Paralympic Games or any other sporting competition, achieving the optimum level of motivation to exploit the athlete's skills and abilities to the full without putting their physical and psychological health at risk can be a real challenge. In this interview with Doctor Jean-Pierre Bouchard, Doctor Guillaume Coudevylle discusses the importance of basing any intervention on basic principles derived from sport psychology research. He goes back over these principles, reminding us that they are the result of scientific contributions over the last hundred years. In view of the multitude of parameters involved in a performance, the examination of a personality as the fruit of a singular upbringing and history, and the complexity of a performance situation, his approach helps to clarify objectives and means.

In 1875, Gustave Bouchereau (1835–1900), Gustave Lolliot (1835–1882) and Valentin Magnan (1833–1916) opened a private nursing home for psychiatric patients (insane or not) in Suresnes, known as “le Château de Suresnes” (1875). This establishment took care of patients declared insane according to the terms of the law of 1838. G. Lolliot was the first medical director. In 1882, Honoré Saury (1854–1924) succeeded him. His physician assistant was Léon Victor Revertégat (1860–1938), a former intern of the Seine asylums (1894). This latter became in turn the medical director in 1893–94. Later, he was the founder of a private nursing home in Sannois (Val d’Oise). One of his patients was the painter Maurice Utrillo (1883–1955); he was hospitalized between 1912 and 1914 over there. L. Revertégat was a member of the Société Médico-Psychologique and of the Société clinique de médecine mentale respectively in 1906 and 1908. Afterwards, while V. Magnan was still alive, other doctors followed suite: Gabriel Stanislas Jacques (1860–1914), Socrate Lalou (1875–1930), Jules-Albert Baronnet (1852–1936), Jean-Maurice Sardain (1876–1961) and Aimable-Clovis Crété (1875–1934). Among them, G. Jacques and J.-M Sardain were members of the mental medicine society in 1910. G. Jacques died in his 50th year while he was medical director. S. Lalou was more interested in experimental research rather than clinical study; he returned to his native country (Romania) where he was appointed professor of pharmacology (Bucarest). After working in a private nursing home for the psychiatric ill in Fontenay-sous-Bois, A.-C. Crété. worked in that of Suresnes and finished his career in a sanatorium in Guervenan (Bretagne) which completed the social hygiene and anti-tuberculosis dispensaries. J.-A. Baronnet, L.-V. Revertégat et J.-M. Sardain were doctors who did not seem to particularly appreciate the satisfaction brought by the psychiatry specialty and later became dentists; most probably for financial reasons.

Determining medical fitness for service in the armed forces is one of the missions of the military health service, which is well acquainted with the different situations in which soldiers are deployed. Medico-psychological expertise in a military environment requires a thorough knowledge of psychiatric pathology, of soldiers’ psychopathology, environmental constraints and regulatory standards specific to each specialty. It is today the responsibility of the medical officers, who can call on the support of specialists from psychiatric wards in military hospitals, with a twofold mission of providing care and assessing fitness for duty.