Aquaculture Reports最新文献_第8页

Dietary replacement of fish meal with chaya (Cnidoscolus chayamansa) meal improves growth, fillet fatty acid profile, and coloration in hybrid catfish (Clarias macrocephalus × C. gariepinus) 饲粮中用茶叶（Cnidoscolus chayamansa）粉替代鱼粉可改善杂交鲶鱼（Clarias macrocephalus × C. gariepinus）的生长、鱼片脂肪酸分布和颜色

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103350

Anurak Khieokhajonkhet , Prakaidao Khumphrem , Pollawat Panjasee , Niran Aeksiri , Kumrop Ratanasut , Shugo Watabe , Wilasinee Inyawilert , Wutiporn Phromkunthong

The present study investigated the effects of dietary replacement of fish meal (FM) with Cnidoscolus chayamansa leaf meal (CLM) on growth, carcass composition, coloration, total carotenoids, hematology, and histology in C. macrocephalus × C. gariepinus. The control diet with FM as the main protein source was replaced by CLM at 0, 90, 185, and 277 g/kg (CLM0 - CLM277). Triplicate groups of 20 fish were fed the experimental diets twice daily for 10 weeks. Results showed that dietary inclusion of CLM linearly and quadratically increased final body weight, weight gain, specific growth rate, protein productive value, with a linear effect observed for protein efficiency ratio. The CLM90 group exhibited higher growth compared to those in the other groups, while the CLM277 group showed no significant difference from the control group. However, dietary inclusion of CLM resulted in a slight linear increase in feed conversion ratio. CLM inclusion significantly increased 18:3n-3 and 22:6n-3 fatty acids by 3.71- and 1.36-fold in the CLM277 and CLM185 groups, respectively, versus the control group. Coloration significantly increased b* values (yellowness) in the dorsal, ventral, and muscle regions, as well as in L* values (luminosity) in the ventral region and muscle. Fish fed CLM277 also had higher total carotenoid content in the fin, liver, and serum. Hemoglobin, total protein, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol increased with increasing CLM levels, while globulin and red blood cell exhibited linear or quadratic effects. Histology showed a mild vacuolization and nuclei displacement in hepatocytes of the CLM185 group, with more pronounced effects in the CLM277 group. Our results indicate that dietary inclusion of CLM at 90 g/kg showed the highest growth performance, while dietary inclusion levels up to 277 g/kg were able to economically replace fish meal without compromising growth in hybrid catfish. However, some histological changes in hepatocytes were observed. Additionally, dietary inclusion of CLM also improved 18:3n-3 and 22:6n-3 fatty acid contents in the edible muscle, improved coloration and total carotenoid in hybrid catfish.

本试验研究了在饲料中添加针叶刺槐（Cnidoscolus chayamansa）叶粉（CLM）替代鱼粉（FM）对大头鱼（C . macrocephalus × C）生长、胴体组成、颜色、总类胡萝卜素、血液学和组织学的影响。gariepinus。用0、90、185和277 g/kg （CLM0 - CLM277）的CLM替代以鱼粉为主要蛋白质源的对照饲料。3个重复组，每组20尾鱼，每天投喂2次试验饲料，连续投喂10周。结果表明，饲粮中添加CLM可线性和二次提高末重、增重、特定生长率和蛋白质生产价值，对蛋白质效率有线性影响。CLM90组与其他组相比有较高的生长，而CLM277组与对照组无显著差异。然而，饲粮中添加CLM导致饲料系数略有线性增加。CLM加入CLM277和CLM185组的18:3n-3和22:6n-3脂肪酸含量分别比对照组显著增加3.71倍和1.36倍。着色显著增加背侧、腹侧和肌肉区域的b*值（黄度），以及腹侧和肌肉区域的L*值（亮度）。喂食CLM277的鱼在鱼鳍、肝脏和血清中的类胡萝卜素总含量也较高。血红蛋白、总蛋白和高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇随CLM水平升高而升高，而球蛋白和红细胞呈线性或二次效应。组织学显示CLM185组肝细胞轻度空泡化和细胞核移位，CLM277组效果更明显。结果表明，饲料中添加90 g/kg的CLM表现出最高的生长性能，而饲料中添加277 g/kg的CLM能够在不影响杂交鲶鱼生长的情况下经济地替代鱼粉。然而，观察到肝细胞的组织学改变。此外，饲料中添加CLM还提高了杂交鲶鱼可食用肌肉中18:3n-3和22:6n-3脂肪酸含量，改善了杂交鲶鱼的颜色和总类胡萝卜素。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of dietary Phaffia rhodozyma on the growth, immunity, antioxidant activity, and digestive tract microbiota of juvenile Strongylocentrotus intermedius 饲粮中添加法菲酵母对中间圆梭菌幼虾生长、免疫、抗氧化活性和消化道微生物群的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103311

Yuchun Lu , Teng Teng , Yiwen Lan , Zi-Ao Ren , Yu Du , Feng Liu

Strongylocentrotus intermedius is a commercially valuable aquaculture species. Phaffia rhodozyma, a yeast rich in astaxanthin and β-glucans, has immune-enhancing and antioxidant properties in aquatic animals; however, its effects on S. intermedius remain underexplored. Here, we examined how P. rhodozyma affects growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant capacity, immune response, and digestive tract microbiota in juvenile S. intermedius. Juveniles (480) were assigned to four dietary groups: control (C, 0 %), low (L, 0.8 %), medium (M, 1.6 %), and high (H, 3.2 %) supplementation, for 60 days. Group M exhibited significant improvements in specific growth rates of shell diameter and body weight (SGRSD and SGRBW, P < 0.05), digestive tract index (DTI, P < 0.05), and digestive enzyme activities (PEP, LPS, AMS, and CL, P < 0.05). Group L showed enhanced immune enzyme activities (ACP, AKP, and LZM, P < 0.05) and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) (P < 0.05). In contrast, Group H demonstrated suppressed growth, digestive function, and immune response, and elevated MDA (P < 0.05). Microbiome analysis revealed that Groups L and M had higher microbial diversity and beneficial taxa (e.g., Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota); Group H had elevated potential pathogens (e.g., Pseudomonadota). Functional prediction indicated that moderate supplementation enriched pathways related to cell growth and immunity, whereas high supplementation activated stress-related pathways. Overall, P. rhodozyma exerted dose-dependent effects on S. intermedius: 1.6 % optimally promoted growth, digestive health, and microbial homeostasis; 0.8 % enhanced immunity and antioxidant status; and 3.2 % produced adverse effects, including inhibited growth. These findings support the application of P. rhodozyma in sustainable aquaculture.

中间圆梭菌是一种具有商业价值的水产养殖品种。法菲酵母是一种富含虾青素和β-葡聚糖的酵母，对水生动物具有增强免疫和抗氧化的作用；然而，其对中间葡萄球菌的影响仍未得到充分研究。在这里，我们研究了rhodozyma如何影响中间葡萄球菌幼鱼的生长性能、消化酶活性、抗氧化能力、免疫反应和消化道微生物群。将480只幼鱼分为4个饲粮组：对照组（C, 0 %）、低饲粮组（L, 0.8 %）、中饲粮组（M, 1.6 %）和高饲粮组（H, 3.2 %），持续60天。M组在壳径和体重的特定生长率（SGRSD和SGRBW， P <； 0.05）、消化道指数（DTI, P <； 0.05）和消化酶活性（PEP、LPS、AMS和CL， P <； 0.05）方面均有显著提高。L组免疫酶活性（ACP、AKP和LZM， P <； 0.05）增强，丙二醛（MDA）降低（P <； 0.05）。相比之下，H组表现出生长、消化功能和免疫反应受到抑制，MDA升高（P <； 0.05）。微生物组分析表明，L和M类群具有较高的微生物多样性和有益类群（如拟杆菌群、脱硫杆菌群）；H组潜在病原体（如假单胞菌）升高。功能预测表明，适量的添加丰富了与细胞生长和免疫相关的通路，而高剂量的添加激活了与应激相关的通路。总的来说，红霉菌对中间葡萄球菌具有剂量依赖性：1.6 %最有利于促进生长、消化系统健康和微生物稳态；0.8 %增强免疫力和抗氧化能力；3.2% %产生不良反应，包括抑制生长。这些发现为红酵母在可持续水产养殖中的应用提供了依据。

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引用次数: 0

Nutritional regulation of osmoregulatory and metabolic responses to low salinity in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii): Roles of dietary DHA and EPA 低盐度条件下黑鲷幼鱼渗透调节和代谢反应的营养调节：膳食DHA和EPA的作用

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103310

Keyi Huang , Yingying Zhang , Wenli Zhao , Yangguang Bao , Xuan Wang , Peng Sun , Tingting Zhu , Qicun Zhou , Min Jin

DHA and EPA are pivotal for fish physiological functions. This study investigated the effects of dietary DHA+EPA levels on osmoregulation, lipid utilization, and energy metabolism in juvenile black seabream (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) under low salinity environment (5 psu). Different dietary levels of DHA + EPA were formulated (D1 = 10.48, D2 = 18.53, D3 = 25.77, D4 = 31.47, D5 = 38.81 mg/g; DHA/EPA ≈ 1:1) were fed to fish (initial body weight: 15.08 ± 0.02 g) for 8 weeks. Results showed that WG and SGR were markedly higher in D5 group compared to D1. The DHA+EPA contents in liver and muscle were markedly elevated with increasing dietary levels, peaking in D5. Gill expression of osmoregulatory genes (ostf1, aqp1) was markedly downregulated in the D3 group relative to D1, indicating improved osmoregulatory adaptation. Hepatic expression of lipolysis-related genes (atgl, hsl, lpl) peaked in the D2, whereas lipogenesis-related genes (fas, accα), showed the lowest expression in D4. The D2 group also exhibited the highest mRNA levels of mitochondrial energy metabolism-related genes and an increased number of hepatic mitochondria. The D4 group significantly elevated hepatic antioxidants (T-AOC, SOD, GSH-Px, GSH), while D3 showed highest serum T-AOC and SCHR, accompanied by the lowest MDA levels in both liver and serum. Furthermore, hepatic antioxidant gene expression was markedly upregulated at dietary DHA+EPA levels of 18.53–25.77 mg/g. These findings show that moderate dietary DHA+EPA supplementation (18.53–25.77 mg/g) promotes mitochondrial function, antioxidant defense, and osmoregulatory efficiency in juvenile black seabream under low-salinity conditions.

DHA和EPA是鱼类生理功能的关键。本研究研究了低盐度环境（5psu）下饲料DHA+EPA水平对黑鲷幼鱼渗透调节、脂质利用和能量代谢的影响。制定不同的饮食水平的DHA + EPA (D1 = 10.48,D2 = 18.53,D3 = 25.77,D4 = 31.47,D5 = 38.81 毫克/克;DHA和EPA≈1:1)是喂鱼(初始体重:15.08 ±0.02  g) 8周。结果显示，D5组的WG和SGR明显高于D1。肝脏和肌肉中DHA+EPA含量随饲粮水平的增加而显著升高，在第5期达到峰值。与D1相比，D3组的鳃部渗透调节基因（ostf1, aqp1）表达明显下调，表明渗透调节适应能力增强。脂溶相关基因（atgl、hsl、lpl）在D2时肝脏表达最高，而脂生成相关基因（fas、accα）在D4时表达最低。D2组线粒体能量代谢相关基因mRNA水平最高，肝脏线粒体数量增加。D4组肝脏抗氧化剂（T-AOC、SOD、GSH- px、GSH）显著升高，D3组血清T-AOC和SCHR最高，肝脏和血清MDA水平最低。此外，DHA+EPA水平为18.53 ~ 25.77 mg/g时，肝脏抗氧化基因表达显著上调。由此可见，在低盐度条件下，饲料中适量添加DHA+EPA（18.53 ~ 25.77 mg/g）可促进黑鲷幼鱼线粒体功能、抗氧化防御和渗透调节效率。

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引用次数: 0

Impact of spectral variations on the gut microbiota of Tripneustes gratilla (collector urchin) 光谱变化对斑竹海胆肠道菌群的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103359

Yi-Jui Hsieh , Tai-Chun Huang , Feng-Jie Su , Hsiu-Hua Chang , Yung-Song Wang

The population of Tripneustes gratilla (the collector urchin) has declined significantly due to overfishing, prompting researchers to explore aquaculture as a potential solution. However, the effects of different light conditions on the breeding of T. gratilla remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the impact of LED lighting on the bacterial composition of sea urchin culture water and its intestinal microbiota under various lighting conditions. The initial size of the sea urchins used in the experiment was about 11 mm. The experiment was divided into three groups: full-spectrum, red- and blue-light, with three replicates in each group. The experiment lasted seven weeks, with a 12:12 LD cycle daily. After seven weeks, the sea urchins in the blue-light group had a higher survival rate (93.3 %), and the bacterial content in the culture water varied significantly among groups. The bacterial concentration in the water of the red-light group was notably higher, and its biofilm formation capacity was increased. Next-generation sequencing revealed distinct bacterial community compositions across different light conditions, with the red-light group showing lower bacterial diversity but greater total species richness. Sequencing of bacterial strains from the red-light group identified Vibrio mediterranei and V. hangzhouensis, both of which displayed significantly higher colony formation rates under red light. In conclusion, these findings suggest that a long-wavelength environment may promote bacterial growth and influence the composition of the sea urchin's intestinal flora. However, short-wavelength environments may enhance the diversity of the flora. Juvenile sea urchin farming is conducted indoors with indirect lighting. This study suggests that specific wavelengths of light can be used to optimize aquaculture conditions and enhance the efficiency of cultivation.

由于过度捕捞，海胆种群数量显著下降，促使研究人员探索水产养殖作为潜在的解决方案。然而，不同光照条件对黄貂鱼繁殖的影响在很大程度上仍未被研究。本研究研究了不同照明条件下LED照明对海胆培养水体细菌组成及肠道菌群的影响。实验中使用的海胆的初始尺寸约为11 毫米。实验分为全光谱、红光和蓝光三组，每组3个重复。试验期7周，每日12:12 LD循环。7周后，蓝光组海胆存活率较高（93.3 %），各组培养水中细菌含量差异显著。红灯组水中细菌浓度明显升高，生物膜形成能力增强。新一代测序结果显示，不同光照条件下的细菌群落组成不同，红色光照组的细菌多样性较低，但总物种丰富度较高。对红光组的菌株进行测序，发现地中海弧菌和杭州弧菌在红光下集落形成率显著高于其他两种菌株。综上所述，这些发现表明，长波长环境可能促进细菌生长并影响海胆肠道菌群的组成。然而，短波长的环境可能会增强植物群的多样性。幼海胆养殖在室内进行，采用间接照明。本研究表明，可以利用特定波长的光来优化养殖条件，提高养殖效率。

{"title":"Impact of spectral variations on the gut microbiota of Tripneustes gratilla (collector urchin)","authors":"Yi-Jui Hsieh , Tai-Chun Huang , Feng-Jie Su , Hsiu-Hua Chang , Yung-Song Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103359","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103359","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The population of <em>Tripneustes gratilla</em> (the collector urchin) has declined significantly due to overfishing, prompting researchers to explore aquaculture as a potential solution. However, the effects of different light conditions on the breeding of <em>T. gratilla</em> remain largely unexplored. This study investigated the impact of LED lighting on the bacterial composition of sea urchin culture water and its intestinal microbiota under various lighting conditions. The initial size of the sea urchins used in the experiment was about 11 mm. The experiment was divided into three groups: full-spectrum, red- and blue-light, with three replicates in each group. The experiment lasted seven weeks, with a 12:12 LD cycle daily. After seven weeks, the sea urchins in the blue-light group had a higher survival rate (93.3 %), and the bacterial content in the culture water varied significantly among groups. The bacterial concentration in the water of the red-light group was notably higher, and its biofilm formation capacity was increased. Next-generation sequencing revealed distinct bacterial community compositions across different light conditions, with the red-light group showing lower bacterial diversity but greater total species richness. Sequencing of bacterial strains from the red-light group identified <em>Vibrio mediterranei</em> and <em>V. hangzhouensis</em>, both of which displayed significantly higher colony formation rates under red light. In conclusion, these findings suggest that a long-wavelength environment may promote bacterial growth and influence the composition of the sea urchin's intestinal flora. However, short-wavelength environments may enhance the diversity of the flora. Juvenile sea urchin farming is conducted indoors with indirect lighting. This study suggests that specific wavelengths of light can be used to optimize aquaculture conditions and enhance the efficiency of cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8103,"journal":{"name":"Aquaculture Reports","volume":"46 ","pages":"Article 103359"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of dietary histamine on intestinal flora and immune response in hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀× E. lanceolatus♂) 饲料中组胺对杂交石斑鱼（Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀× E. lanceolatus♂）肠道菌群和免疫反应的影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2026.103362

Tao Cheng, Yumeng Zhang, Shuyan Chi, Shiwei Xie, Shuang Zhang, Beiping Tan, Junming Deng

Since grouper feed is relatively rich in fish meal, it is susceptible to excessive histamine accumulation. In order to examine the effects of histamine on intestinal inflammation, apoptosis, non-specific immunity, and intestinal microbiota in hybrid grouper, seven isoproteic (50 %) and isolipidic (11 %) diets were created with histamine concentrations of 0, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, and 960 mg/kg (actual levels: 72.33, 99.56, 138.60, 225.35, 404.12, 662.12, and 1245.38 mg/kg). After 8 weeks of cultivation, the levels of intestinal and serum complements 3 and 4, as well as lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase activities, gradually declined as the amount of dietary histamine increased. Furthermore, the intestinal inflammation factors (including NF-κB-inducing kinase, nuclear factor-κB inhibitor kinase, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, protein kinase B, interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase, ubiquitin-ligase enzyme, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase, and tumor necrosis factor α) also gradually increased. Additionally, as dietary histamine level increased, the intestinal microbiota in the 225.35 and 1245.38 mg/kg histamine groups exhibited a significant reduction in both diversity and abundance compared to the control group. At the genus level, these groups showed a significant increase in the pathogenic bacteria Ralstonia, Pseudomonas, and Prauserella, along with a marked decrease in the probiotic bacterium Cetobacterium. In conclusion, a dietary histamine level exceeding 404.12 mg/kg resulted in a reduction of intestinal immunocompetence, while levels exceeding 662.12 mg/kg led to an increase in the intestinal inflammatory response. Therefore, the histamine content in hybrid grouper feed should not exceed 404 mg/kg.

由于石斑鱼饲料中鱼粉含量相对丰富，易产生组胺过量积累。为了研究组胺对杂交石斑鱼肠道炎症、细胞凋亡、非特异性免疫和肠道微生物群的影响，配制了组胺浓度分别为0、30、60、120、240、480和960 mg/kg的7种异蛋白（50 %）和等脂（11 %）饲料（实际水平分别为72.33、99.56、138.60、225.35、404.12、662.12和1245.38 mg/kg）。培养8周后，随着饲粮组胺添加量的增加，肠道补体3和血清补体4水平以及溶菌酶和碱性磷酸酶活性逐渐下降。肠道炎症因子（包括NF-κB诱导激酶、核因子-κB抑制剂激酶、磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶、蛋白激酶B、白介素-1受体相关激酶、泛素连接酶、细胞外信号调节激酶、p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶、c-Jun n端蛋白激酶、肿瘤坏死因子α）也逐渐升高。此外，随着饲粮组胺水平的升高，225.35和1245.38 mg/kg组肠道菌群的多样性和丰度均显著低于对照组。在属水平上，这些组显示致病菌Ralstonia，假单胞菌和Prauserella显著增加，益生菌Cetobacterium显著减少。综上所述，饲粮组胺水平超过404.12 mg/kg会导致肠道免疫能力下降，超过662.12 mg/kg会导致肠道炎症反应增加。因此，杂交石斑鱼饲料中组胺含量不宜超过404 mg/kg。

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引用次数: 0

Chicken soluble hydrolysate, an excellent alternative to fishmeal in the diets of Litopenaeus vannamei 鸡可溶性水解液：凡纳滨对虾饲料中鱼粉的优良替代品

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103295

Xiang Si , Chunfeng Yao , Rouxin Wu , Wanzhen Ma , Yidan Sun , Junming Deng , Beiping Tan , Haijun Liang , Shuyan Chi

This experiment evaluated the use of chicken soluble hydrolysate as a substitute for fishmeal in the diet of Litopenaeus vannamei, providing new ideas for the development and utilization of animal protein sources in aquaculture feed. On the basis of the control group (FM) feed, fishmeal was replaced by 5 % by mass with the addition of 5 % chicken soluble hydrolysate 1 (CSH1), 2 (CSH2), 3 (CSH3), and 4 (CSH4), to prepare five experimental feeds with isonitrogenous and isolipidic. These feeds were used to feed white shrimp (initial average weight of 0.23 ± 0.00 g) for 56 days. The results showed that the addition of CSH in the feed can effectively improve the growth performance of shrimp. The weight gain rate of the FM group was significantly lower than that of the other groups (p < 0.05), and the final body weight, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, and lipid efficiency ratio were significantly lower than those of the CSH1, CSH2, and CSH3 groups (p < 0.05). The feed conversion ratio of the groups FM and CSH4 was significantly higher than that of the other groups (p < 0.05). The mucosal fold height and intestinal α-amylase activity were significantly lower than the CSH2 group (p < 0.05). The activities of ALT and AST in the alternative groups were significantly reduced compared to the FM group (p < 0.05). The MDA content of the FM group was not significantly different compared to the CSH1, CSH3, and CSH4 groups (p > 0.05), but was significantly higher than that of the CSH2 group (p < 0.05). The mRNA expression levels of immune-related genes such as relish, dorsal, cru, alf, lyz, akp, and acp in the hepatopancreas of the alternative groups were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05). The results indicated that dietary chicken soluble hydrolysate (CSH), particularly CSH2, significantly enhanced intestinal health, antioxidant capacity, and growth performance in Litopenaeus vannamei.

本试验评价了鸡可溶性水解液在凡纳滨对虾饲料中替代鱼粉的应用，为水产养殖饲料中动物蛋白源的开发利用提供了新的思路。在对照组（FM）饲料的基础上，以5 %质量的鱼粉代替5 %质量的鸡可溶性水解产物1 （CSH1）、2 （CSH2）、3 （CSH3）和4 (CSH4)，制得5种等氮等脂试验饲料。用这些饲料饲喂初始平均体重0.23 ± 0.00 g的白对虾，饲养56 d。结果表明，饲料中添加CSH可有效提高对虾的生长性能。鱼粉组的增重率显著低于其他各组（p <； 0.05），末重、特定生长率、蛋白质效率和脂肪效率显著低于CSH1、CSH2和CSH3组（p <； 0.05）。鱼粉组和CSH4组的饲料系数显著高于其他各组（p <； 0.05）。黏膜褶皱高度和肠道α-淀粉酶活性显著低于CSH2组（p <； 0.05）。替代组ALT和AST活性较FM组显著降低（p <； 0.05）。FM组MDA含量与CSH1、CSH3、CSH4组比较差异无统计学意义（p >； 0.05），但显著高于CSH2组（p <； 0.05）。各组肝胰腺中佐料、背侧、cru、alf、lyz、akp、acp等免疫相关基因mRNA表达量均显著上调（p <； 0.05）。结果表明，饲粮中添加鸡可溶性水解液（CSH），尤其是CSH2可显著改善凡纳滨对虾的肠道健康、抗氧化能力和生长性能。

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引用次数: 0

Combined effects of glutamine dipeptide, plant essential oils, and Astragalus polysaccharide on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and intestinal health in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) 谷氨酰胺二肽、植物精油和黄芪多糖对大黄鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和肠道健康的联合影响

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103283

Xiang Zhu , Yu Zhan , Yanting Chen , Ying Hang , Chaoxin Wang , Shuichao Mi , Jun Zhang , Minqiu Sun , Lihua Yuan , Manshan Lin , Saiya Liu , Bin Luo , Dong Yu , Xueming Hua , Chuanming Zhong

As the most productive fish species in marine aquaculture in China, large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) farming faces dual challenges: the frequent outbreak of diseases and increasing environmental pressures. While high-dose antibiotic treatments may offer short-term disease control, they contribute significantly to the development of drug resistance. Consequently, the development of eco-friendly and safe immune enhancers, along with the implementation of nutritional intervention strategies, has become a focal point of current research. This study investigated the combined effects of dietary supplementation with glutamine dipeptide (GLN), plant essential oil (PEO), and Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immune function, and gut microbiota of L. crocea. A 60-day feeding trial was conducted in sea cages with four dietary groups: control (basal diet), GLN (2 %), GLN+PEO (2 % GLN + 0.55 % PEO), and PEO+APS (0.55 % PEO + 0.1 % APS). Results indicated that GLN+PEO significantly improved the survival rate and enhanced liver antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT, GSH-PX, T-AOC) (P < 0.05). PEO+APS showed the strongest systemic antioxidant effect, reducing lipid peroxidation in serum and intestine while elevating lysozyme activity (P < 0.05). GLN alone protected against hepatic oxidative damage but had limited growth-promoting effects. Gut microbiota analysis revealed distinct restructuring, with PEO+APS maintaining higher microbial diversity and enriching beneficial genera (Faecalibacterium, Bifidobacterium), while GLN+PEO reduced microbial richness. These findings demonstrate that combinatorial additives (especially PEO+APS combination) offer superior benefits for enhancing health and stress resistance in intensive aquaculture, providing a sustainable alternative to antibiotics.

大黄鱼作为中国海洋水产养殖中产量最高的鱼类，其养殖面临着疾病频繁爆发和环境压力加大的双重挑战。虽然大剂量抗生素治疗可能提供短期的疾病控制，但它们对耐药性的发展有很大的贡献。因此，开发生态友好和安全的免疫增强剂，以及实施营养干预策略，已成为当前研究的焦点。本试验研究了饲粮中添加谷氨酰胺二肽（GLN）、植物精油（PEO）和黄芪多糖（APS）对牛乳杆菌生长性能、抗氧化能力、免疫功能和肠道菌群的联合影响。试验在海笼中进行为期60 d的饲养试验，分为4个饲粮组：对照组（基础饲粮）、GLN（2 %）、GLN+PEO（2 % GLN+ 0.55 % PEO）和PEO+APS（0.55 % PEO+ 0.1 % APS）。结果表明，GLN+PEO显著提高了成活率，提高了肝脏抗氧化酶（CAT、GSH-PX、T-AOC）活性（P <； 0.05）。PEO+APS表现出最强的全身抗氧化作用，降低血清和肠道脂质过氧化，提高溶菌酶活性（P <； 0.05）。GLN单独保护肝脏免受氧化损伤，但促生长作用有限。肠道菌群分析显示出明显的重组，PEO+APS保持了较高的微生物多样性，并丰富了有益菌（粪杆菌、双歧杆菌），而GLN+PEO减少了微生物丰富度。上述结果表明，组合添加剂（特别是PEO+APS组合）在集约化水产养殖中具有增强健康和抗逆性的优势，是抗生素的可持续替代品。

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引用次数: 0

Effect of mollusks as diets on mud crab Scylla paramamosain：Growth performance and muscle quality 软体动物作为饲料对泥蟹Scylla paramamosain的影响：生长性能和肌肉品质

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103292

Haoji Guo , Haoran Zhang , Huaming Liu , Jiawei Wang , Mingfei Feng , Baojiao Chen , Shaojian Chen , Kun Wu , Xiaobo Wen

The mud crab Scylla paramamosain is the largest marine-cultured crab in China, with prolific meat yield, unique flavor, and high nutritional content. The prevailing negative perceptions among farmers regarding the adaptability of mud crab to pelletized feeds have resulted in a continued reliance on natural diet. However, little is known about the effects on growth and muscle quality of mud crab fed natural diets. This study investigated the growth performance, textural properties and flavor indicators in muscle of Scylla paramamosain fed five commonly available low-value mollusks, such as Potamocorbula amurensis, Corbicula fluminea, Perna viridis, Oncomelania hupensis, and Cipangopaludina chinensis. After a 60-day trial, Scylla paramamosain fed Potamocorbula amurensis had the highest growth performance compared to those consuming other mollusks, particularly specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio. Texture analysis indicated that mud crab fed Potamocorbula amurensis enhanced the hardness, chewiness, and gumminess in muscle. Additionally, flavor profiling revealed significantly elevated umami and sweet levels in muscle of mud crab fed Potamocorbula amurensis. Collectively, these findings not only confirmed that Potamocorbula amurensis was a suitable natural diet for mud crab Scylla paramamosain, promoting both growth performance and muscle quality, but also provided a foundation for future explorations into the development of formulated diet in economically important crustacean species.

Scylla paramamosain泥蟹是中国最大的海养蟹，肉量大，风味独特，营养含量高。农民对泥蟹对颗粒饲料的适应性普遍存在负面看法，导致他们继续依赖天然饲料。然而，对天然饲料对泥蟹生长和肌肉品质的影响知之甚少。本研究以五种常见的低价值软体动物为饲料，研究了Scylla paramosain的生长性能、结构特性和肌肉风味指标。这些软体动物包括amurensis、Corbicula fluuminea、Perna viridis、Oncomelania hupensis和Cipangopaludina chinensis。经过60 d的试验，与食用其他软体动物相比，Scylla paramosain喂养的amamocbula amurensis具有最高的生长性能，特别是特定生长率和蛋白质效率比。肌理分析表明，泥蟹饲喂黑桃后，肌肉的硬度、嚼劲和黏性均有所提高。此外，风味分析结果显示，饲喂了amamocorbula amurensis的泥蟹肌肉中鲜味和甜味水平显著升高。综上所述，这些研究结果不仅证实了amamocorbula amurensis是一种适合于Scylla paramamosain泥蟹的天然饲料，对其生长性能和肌肉品质都有促进作用，而且为今后探索开发具有重要经济价值的甲壳类动物的配方饲料奠定了基础。

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引用次数: 0

Histological chronology and thermosensitive period of gonadal sex differentiation in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) 大菱鲆（Scophthalmus maximus）性腺性别分化的组织学年代学和热敏期

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103307

Zhen Meng , Luyao Cheng , Peng Hu , Xinfu Liu , Hesen Zhang , Bin Liu , Zhi Yang

The turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), an economically significant marine flatfish with a ZW/ZZ sex determination system, exhibits marked sexual growth dimorphism favoring females, making all-female culture a key aquaculture objective. However, effective sex control requires precise understanding of gonadal differentiation timing and environmental influences. This study combined detailed histological analysis with systematic temperature manipulation to establish the chronology of gonadal development and identify the thermosensitive window for sex determination. Histological examination revealed that ovarian differentiation, marked by cavity formation, commenced at 45 days post-hatching (dph) (37.4 mm TL), preceding the appearance of meiotic oocytes at 65 dph. Testicular differentiation occurred later at 65 dph (50.4 mm TL), demonstrating delayed development compared to ovaries. Through controlled temperature exposures at different developmental stages, we identified a critical thermosensitive window spanning 28–54 dph (20.05–43.00 mm TL), with the most sensitive period confined to 28–40 dph (20.05–30.11 mm TL). Exposure to 25°C during this window induced significant masculinization, yielding up to 74.3 % phenotypic males, while maintaining 18°C throughout this period not only preserved a balanced 1:1 sex ratio but also supported optimal growth performance. These findings establish that the thermosensitive period precedes histological gonadal differentiation, indicating that sex determination in turbot occurs earlier than previously recognized and is strongly influenced by temperature during a defined developmental window. Our results provide crucial insights for developing temperature-based sex control protocols, enabling reliable production of all-female populations through precise thermal management during early juvenile stages.

大比目鱼（schophthalmus maximus）是一种具有经济意义的海洋比目鱼，具有ZW/ZZ性别决定系统，表现出明显的雌雄生长二态性，有利于雌性，使全雌性养殖成为关键的养殖目标。然而，有效的性别控制需要对性腺分化时间和环境影响的精确理解。本研究结合详细的组织学分析和系统的温度操作来建立性腺发育的年表，并确定性别决定的热敏窗口。组织学检查显示卵巢分化，以腔形成为标志，开始于孵化后45天（dph）（37.4 mm TL），在65 dph时出现减数分裂卵母细胞。睾丸分化发生晚于65 dph(50.4 mm TL)，与卵巢相比发育迟缓。通过控制不同发育阶段的温度暴露，我们确定了28-54 dph（20.05-43.00 mm TL）的临界热敏期，其中最敏感期限制在28-40 dph（20.05-30.11 mm TL）。在这段时间内，暴露在25°C下可诱导显著的雄性化，产生高达74.3 %的表型雄性，而在这段时间内保持18°C不仅保持了平衡的1:1性别比例，而且还支持了最佳的生长性能。这些发现表明，热敏期先于性腺分化，表明大比目鱼的性别决定发生的时间比之前认识到的要早，并且在一个确定的发育窗口中受到温度的强烈影响。我们的研究结果为开发基于温度的性别控制协议提供了重要见解，通过在幼年早期进行精确的温度管理，可以可靠地生产全雌性种群。

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引用次数: 0

Effects of acute cold and heat shocks on the protein profile of crayfish hemolymph: Implications for crustacean adaptation to thermal stress 急性冷和热冲击对小龙虾血淋巴蛋白谱的影响：甲壳类动物适应热应激的意义

IF 3.7 2区农林科学 Q1 FISHERIES

Aquaculture Reports

Pub Date : 2026-03-15 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2025.103265

Kifayatullah Mengal , Golara Kor , Valentina Siino , Fredrik Levander , Hamid Niksirat

Temperature, a key environmental stressor, can induce changes at the molecular levels in the body of living beings, which are necessary for adaptation and survival under altered conditions. We investigated the effects of acute cold (3 °C) and heat (32 °C) shocks on hemolymph protein profiles in marbled crayfish. Results showed that cold shock induced a metabolic shift toward glucose production by increasing enzymes for breaking down glycogen and upregulating enzymes related to glycolysis, such as glycogen phosphorylase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase, and L-lactate dehydrogenase in the hemolymph of crayfish. The upregulation of proteins such as filamin-A, alpha-actinin, and tubulin beta may indicate that immune cells in the hemolymph strengthen their survival during cold stress through reinforcement of the cytoskeletal rigidity. Shifts in the abundance of immunity-related proteins such as masquerade-like and β-1,3-glucan-binding proteins suggest that the immune system of decapods can adapt to thermal stresses via remodeling the extracellular matrix and pattern recognition receptors, ultimately modulating host defense strategies by shifting between phagocytosis and melanization. Furthermore, the regulation of reproduction-associated proteins indicates that thermal shock may affect the capacity for reproduction. These findings offer insight into how decapods cope with thermal stresses and may support strategies to protect them in farmed environments, especially under climate change. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD065043.

温度是一个关键的环境应激源，它可以引起生物体内分子水平的变化，这是在变化的条件下适应和生存所必需的。我们研究了急性冷（3°C）和热（32°C）冲击对大理石纹小龙虾血淋巴蛋白谱的影响。结果表明，冷休克通过增加小龙虾血淋巴中糖原磷酸化酶、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶、烯醇化酶和l -乳酸脱氢酶等糖原分解酶和糖酵解相关酶的表达，诱导代谢向葡萄糖生成转变。丝蛋白-a、α -肌动蛋白和β微管蛋白等蛋白的上调可能表明，血淋巴中的免疫细胞通过增强细胞骨架刚性来增强其在冷应激中的生存能力。免疫相关蛋白（如假面蛋白和β-1,3-葡聚糖结合蛋白）丰度的变化表明，十足动物的免疫系统可以通过重塑细胞外基质和模式识别受体来适应热应激，最终通过在吞噬和黑化之间转换来调节宿主的防御策略。此外，生殖相关蛋白的调节表明，热休克可能会影响生殖能力。这些发现为十足类动物如何应对热应力提供了见解，并可能支持在农业环境中保护它们的策略，特别是在气候变化的情况下。数据可通过ProteomeXchange获得，标识符为PXD065043。

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引用次数: 0