Applied psychology. Health and well-being最新文献

We examined the between-person correlations and within-person reciprocal effects of physical activity, long-standing health issues, self-rated health, and life satisfaction across four panels using random intercept cross-lagged panel models. Data were analyzed from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey (HILDA, N = 32,913, 21 waves, 1-year intervals), the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP, N = 83,844, 14 waves, 2-year intervals), the Dutch Longitudinal Internet Studies for the Social Sciences Panel (LISS, N = 14,778, 11 waves, 1-year intervals), and the United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study (UKHLS, N = 50,032, 4 waves, 2-year intervals). The analysis of the first two panels focused on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sports participation in leisure time, whereas the latter two examined physical activity intensities (light, moderate, and vigorous). Across all panels, physical activity and its intensities were positively correlated with long-standing health issues, self-rated health, and life satisfaction. Within-person analyses revealed primarily positive bidirectional effects between physical activity and self-rated health and between physical activity and life satisfaction, with self-rated health effects more pronounced at higher physical activity intensities and life satisfaction at lower intensities. Effects between physical activity and long-standing health issues were less consistent, appearing mainly for moderate-to-vigorous physical activity intensities in 1-year intervals. Physical activity intensities had different effects on self-rated health and life satisfaction, and the effects were bidirectional in nature. These results suggest that physical activity interventions should be tailored to intensity: Light activity may enhance more effective life satisfaction, while higher intensities better support health. The existing bidirectional effects may further trigger an upward spiral, reinforcing improvements in both health and well-being.

Resilience, particularly under stressful circumstances, is essential for well-being. Prior research has shown the positive effects of resilience on overall self-esteem and emotional balance, but the dynamic nature of these attributes has consistently been overlooked. This study investigated how resilience influences state self-esteem and emotional balance during periods of examination stress. To this end, we utilized a 13-day daily diary design to collect data once a day from 212 participants (160 females; Mage = 18.30; SDage = 1.03). A multilevel linear model was constructed using Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) to examine the effects of resilience on state self-esteem and emotional balance during daily stressful situations. Our findings revealed that resilience predicted higher levels of both state self-esteem and emotional balance, confirming previous studies. Notably, students with higher resilience demonstrated quicker recovery in these areas, underscoring resilience's role in sustaining well-being. This study contributes to the expanding literature on resilience by highlighting its value in maintaining self-esteem and emotional stability.

Time poverty—the pervasive feeling of insufficient time to manage daily activities—has profound implications for individuals, organizations, and society. Drawing on the theory of dyadic coping, the current study investigates the transmission of time poverty within close relationships, focusing on whether and how one partner's experience of time poverty exacerbates the other's. Additionally, potential gender differences in this effect are explored. Data were collected from 163 full-time employed couples (326 participants, 978 responses) in China using a three-wave panel survey conducted at one-month intervals. Hypotheses were tested using the actor-partner interdependence model and cross-lagged panel model. Results indicate that an individual's time poverty is positively associated with their partner's subsequent time poverty, with family engagement serving as a mediating factor. Notably, this transmission effect was consistent across genders. These findings add an interpersonal perspective to the study of time poverty, highlighting its cumulative nature and reinforcing the importance of policy and organizational interventions to alleviate time poverty.

Ample evidence has documented the importance of coping self-efficacy (CSE) in predicting psychological adaptation following adversity. Prior research has shown that greater exposure to negative consequences associated with major collective traumas diminishes the perceived ability to cope. However, the impact of exposure to stressors on future CSE projections remains unknown. This longitudinal study examined individuals' self-appraisals of their coping capabilities with future adversities (future coping self-efficacy [FUTURE-CSE]) in a sample of adult Poles (N = 1245). Participants were interviewed three times from July 2021 to August 2022, during the later stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. COVID-19 hardships, operationalized as pandemic-related stressors and the extent of direct virus exposure, resulted in greater confidence in individuals' ability to manage future adversities effectively. These effects were observed while controlling for sociodemographic factors, psychological distress symptoms, and prior levels of the pandemic-specific CSE. Additionally, FUTURE-CSE beliefs were associated with lower levels of concurrently assessed symptoms of psychological distress. This protective function of FUTURE-CSE remained statistically significant even after controlling for prior levels of distress, pandemic-specific CSE, sociodemographic factors, COVID-19 hardships, other life challenges, and additional measures of thriving in adversity and future expectations. Many familiar maxims, such as “what doesn't kill me makes me stronger,” suggest that the painful and conflicting dynamics of accepting and learning from the past can enhance resilience and preparedness for future challenges. The results of this study provide empirical support for these notions.

Higher levels of moral identity, empathy, and volunteering (virtues) are associated with increased self-esteem and psychological well-being, which, in turn, are predictive of fewer health problems. Epigenetic aging, a marker of health, reflects the rate at which individuals age biologically relative to their chronological age. Epigenetic aging is shaped by behavioral factors and environmental stressors, but the effects of moral identity, empathy, and volunteering on epigenetic aging are underexplored. Thus, this study examined if these three dimensions of virtue predict epigenetic aging during adolescence and if these relationships are mediated by self-esteem and psychological well-being. The sample included 1,213 adolescents (51% female; 62% Black, 34% Non-Hispanic White, 4% Other race/ethnicity) that participated at three time points between 2004 and 2017 (Mage 13, 16, 19 years). Results revealed that higher moral identity and empathy were associated with higher self-esteem and psychological well-being during early adolescence. Moreover, higher empathy during early adolescence was associated with slower epigenetic aging on the GrimAge clock during late adolescence. Path analyses adjusting for covariates showed that higher self-esteem during middle adolescence predicted slower epigenetic aging in late adolescence, but none of the three virtues in early adolescence predicted self-esteem, psychological well-being, or epigenetic aging over time.

Psychological resilience describes a trainable capacity that allows us to cope with adversity and adapt to stressful life events. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a 6-week online resilience intervention in students and working-age individuals.

We randomly assigned 174 participants aged between 18 and 54 years (74.1% female) to either an intervention (n = 86, M_age = 24.83, SD_age = 5.93) or a wait-list control group (n = 88, M_age = 23.30, SD_age = 4.49). The intervention group received a 6-week flexible, asynchronous online resilience training consisting of 12 short videos. We assessed resilience, perceived stress, and worries in both groups.

Mixed-ANCOVA results indicated that participants assigned to the intervention group significantly increased their resilience scores (M_diff = 3.65, p < .001) and reduced negative emotions such as perceived stress (M_diff = 4.18, p < .001) and worries (M_diff = 5.09, p < .001). We observed no significant changes in the wait-list control group.

The intervention group's ability to enhance resilience through watching two short videos per week supports the idea that resilience is trainable. Online resilience interventions represent a promising opportunity to acquire novel coping strategies in order to strengthen resilience and manage life's upcoming challenges.

The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) significantly impacted individuals' daily lives and may provide meaningful implications for well-being. This study examined how individuals' well-being changed before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and explored the potential risk and protective factors for well-being. A total of 15,574 Japanese adults aged 15 to 89 years participated in baseline online surveys in February 2019 or February 2020 (n = 10,293 in the 2019 sample and n = 5,281 in the 2020 sample). Both samples were followed up in 2021 and 2022. Well-being was indexed as a single-item indicator of life satisfaction. Piecewise growth models demonstrated that life satisfaction typically remained stable before and during the pandemic. Risk and protective factors for life satisfaction were consistent across samples overall. Individuals perceiving better economic satisfaction and self-rated health following the pandemic and without a support network before the pandemic showed greater increases in life satisfaction after the outbreak. Our findings suggest that most individuals' well-being did not deteriorate following the pandemic but that some individuals might have lost or even gained resources for life satisfaction. To better understand resilience and well-being, researchers should consider how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed multiple aspects of daily lives.

Social support is a resource capable of generating energy and well-being resources among workers. However, the literature has paid little attention to the mechanisms and conditions that can explain this possibility. Drawing on the Conservation of Resources (COR) Theory and an intraindividual approach, this study aimed to analyze whether the effects of daily social support at work were associated with daily variations in levels of vigor at work and vitality at home, conditioned by workers' daily levels of meaningfulness. This is a study that employs an experiential sampling methodology. A total of 94 Spanish nurses from hospitals and primary health-care centers participated by completing a diary over five working days at three times of the day (i.e., before starting work in the morning, leaving work in the afternoon, and at night at home). Daily measures of support from colleagues, meaningfulness, vigor, and vitality were collected. The results showed that social support from coworkers was particularly significant and positive in explaining daily levels of vigor at work and vitality at home for those workers experiencing low levels of meaningfulness in the mornings before going to work. These results were discussed within the theoretical framework of COR theory (i.e., principle of resource salience).

Previous research has shown the impact of the food choices of others on individuals' own food choices. We conducted two studies to investigate how a robot's choice might influence people's choices between meat-heavy and vegetable-forward meals in imaginary scenarios. In Study 1, the participants were instructed to choose three dishes from a set of two meat and two vegetable dishes, after their companion (either a human or a robot) had chosen a meat-heavy meal or a vegetable-forward meal. The results revealed that the participants chose meat-heavy meals less frequently when the companion chose a vegetable-forward meal compared to a meat-heavy meal, regardless of whether the companion was a human or a robot. In Study 2, we investigated whether anthropomorphism moderated the effect of the robotic companion's choices on the participants' food choices. The results revealed that the food choices made by a highly human-like robot could exert a greater influence on the participants' food choices than those of a moderately anthropomorphic robot. Collectively, these findings provide empirical evidence that a robotic companion's choice can influence consumers' food choices in imaginary scenarios, which has implications for promoting sustainable food choices using human–robot interactions.

There is minimal empirical evidence on which techniques effectively promote physical activity habit formation. This qualitative study addresses this knowledge gap by identifying the self-enactable techniques that people with varying levels of physical activity experience and habit strength use to support their own physical activity behavior and form or maintain habits. Novice (n = 8), intermediate (n = 8), and expert (n = 8) exercisers were recruited via purposive sampling to participate in semi-structured interviews. Interviews were analyzed with deductive content analysis and inductive thematic analysis. Forty-five self-enactable techniques were frequently reported in at least one of the experience groups. Thematic analyses indicated seeming differences in technique use across experience levels, from information seeking and support among novices, to acceptance and overcoming initiation inertia among intermediates, to environmental restructuring and personal growth among experts. Increasing experience also seemed associated with a greater focus on the short-term benefits of physical activity and flexible, broad-based automatic approaches to planning and self-regulation. Within-person longitudinal studies using validated measures that capture nuance in technique use can improve scientific understanding of habit formation processes in physical activity.