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Bidirectional association between attitudes toward own aging and quality of life in Chinese older adults: A prospective cohort study 中国老年人对自身衰老的态度与生活质量之间的双向关系:前瞻性队列研究
IF 3.8 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12585
Tongshuang Yuan, Leilei Liang, Chengbin Zheng, Honghua Li, Jinshuo Zhang, Marhaba Kiyum, Jiayuan Xu, Mingyue Wang, Songli Mei

Although positive attitudes toward own aging (ATOA) have been shown to be associated with higher levels of quality of life (QoL) among older adults, the potential interrelationship between ATOA and QoL has not been fully explored. A sample of 2129 older adults aged 60 and above who participated in the three waves of the Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey was used. QoL was measured using three indicators, including self-rated health, loneliness, and life satisfaction. The cross-lagged analysis results showed that the bidirectional association between ATOA and QoL was not significant, while positive ATOA predicted better self-rated health, higher life satisfaction, and less loneliness. And there are no gender or age differences in the above relationships. In addition, economic status, sleep quality, and activity participation were common influences on self-rated health, life satisfaction, and loneliness, as well as important factors affecting ATOA. Several variables, such as demographic characteristics, health behaviors, and health status, also influenced QoL and ATOA. Measures to promote positive ATOA can help improve QoL. In addition, emphasis should be placed on improving economic status, sleep quality, and activity participation levels to enhance QoL and ATOA in older adults, with appropriate interventions targeting other factors affecting QoL and ATOA.

尽管对自身衰老的积极态度(ATOA)已被证明与老年人较高的生活质量(QoL)水平相关,但ATOA与QoL之间的潜在相互关系尚未得到充分探讨。本研究选取了 2129 名 60 岁及以上的老年人作为样本,他们参加了三次中国健康长寿纵向调查。QoL采用三个指标进行测量,包括自评健康、孤独感和生活满意度。交叉滞后分析结果显示,ATOA 与 QoL 之间的双向关联并不显著,而 ATOA 阳性则预示着更好的自评健康、更高的生活满意度和更少的孤独感。在上述关系中没有性别和年龄差异。此外,经济状况、睡眠质量和活动参与是影响自评健康、生活满意度和孤独感的常见因素,也是影响 ATOA 的重要因素。人口统计学特征、健康行为和健康状况等一些变量也会影响 QoL 和 ATOA。促进积极 ATOA 的措施有助于改善 QoL。此外,应重视改善经济状况、睡眠质量和活动参与水平,以提高老年人的 QoL 和 ATOA,并针对影响 QoL 和 ATOA 的其他因素采取适当的干预措施。
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引用次数: 0
Optimal modalities and doses of mind–body exercise for depressive symptoms in adults: A systematic review of paired analyses, network analyses and dose–response meta-analyses 针对成人抑郁症状的最佳身心锻炼方式和剂量:配对分析、网络分析和剂量反应荟萃分析的系统回顾。
IF 3.8 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-11 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12573
Shudong Tian, Zhide Liang, Fanghui Qiu, Yingdanni Yu, Hong Mou, Gang Zhang, Hongzhen Zhang

The relative efficacy of various mind–body exercises in the treatment of depressive symptoms remains uncertain. We examined the optimal modalities (Tai Chi, qigong, yoga) and dose of mind–body exercise to improve depressive symptoms in adults. A systematic search of six electronic databases for randomized controlled trials on the relationship between exercise and depression was carried out, encompassing data from their inception up to November 2023. Pairwise analyses, network analyses and dose–response meta-analyses using random-effects models were performed to analyse the effect of exercise on depression. Forty studies were included. Results showed that Yoga [standardised mean difference (SMD) = −0.55; 95% confidence interval (CI): (−0.76, −0.35)] was the most effective form of exercise for improving depressive symptoms, followed by Qigong (SMD = −0.52; 95%CI: −0.92, −0.11) and Tai Chi exercise (SMD = −0.42; 95%CI: −0.71, −0.13). In addition, a non-linear dose–response relationship was found between overall mind–body exercise dose and depression levels and a significant response was observed after 260 METs-min. Our study examined the effectiveness of different types of mind–body exercise in improving depression and found that yoga may be the most effective adjunctive intervention. There was a non-linear dose–response relationship between total exercise and depression levels. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting and applying these results.

各种身心锻炼在治疗抑郁症状方面的相对疗效仍不确定。我们研究了改善成人抑郁症状的最佳身心锻炼方式(太极、气功、瑜伽)和剂量。我们对六个电子数据库中有关运动与抑郁症关系的随机对照试验进行了系统检索,涵盖了从试验开始到 2023 年 11 月的数据。采用随机效应模型进行了配对分析、网络分析和剂量反应荟萃分析,以分析运动对抑郁症的影响。共纳入 40 项研究。结果显示,瑜伽[标准化平均差(SMD)=-0.55;95%置信区间(CI):(-0.76,-0.35)]是改善抑郁症状最有效的运动形式,其次是气功(SMD=-0.52;95%CI:-0.92,-0.11)和太极拳运动(SMD=-0.42;95%CI:-0.71,-0.13)。此外,研究还发现,心身锻炼的总体剂量与抑郁水平之间存在非线性剂量-反应关系,260 METs-min后出现显著反应。我们的研究考察了不同类型的身心锻炼对改善抑郁的效果,发现瑜伽可能是最有效的辅助干预措施。总运动量与抑郁水平之间存在非线性剂量-反应关系。不过,在解释和应用这些结果时应谨慎。
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引用次数: 0
Socio-demographic factors and mental health trajectories in Australian children and primary carers: Implications for policy and intervention using latent class analysis 澳大利亚儿童和主要照护者的社会人口因素和心理健康轨迹:利用潜类分析对政策和干预的影响。
IF 3.8 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-08 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12584
Nahida Afroz, Enamul Kabir, Khorshed Alam

Children's mental health status (MHS) is frequently influenced by their primary carers (PCs), underscoring the significance of monitoring disparities longitudinally. This research investigated the association between socio-demographic clusters and mental health trajectories among children and their PCs over time. Data from waves 6-9c2 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (LSAC) were analyzed using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) to identify four socio-demographic classes among children aged 10–11 years at wave 6. Multinomial logistic regression and predictive marginal analysis explored associations between classes and mental health outcomes. PCs in Class 4 (disadvantaged and separated families with indigenous children) exhibited higher odds of borderline and abnormal MHS compared to Class 1 (prosperous and stable working families) across all waves. However, while MHS of PCs' impacted children consistently, the association with socio-demographic classes was significant only in wave 6. Class 4 children had elevated risks of mental illness compared to Class 1, while Class 3, characterized by educated working mothers, had lower risks. Reducing mental health risks entails addressing socio-economic disparities, supporting stable family structures, and offering tailored interventions like counseling and co-parenting support. Longitudinal monitoring and culturally sensitive approaches are crucial for promoting mental well-being across diverse groups.

儿童的心理健康状况(MHS)经常受到其主要照顾者(PCs)的影响,这突出了纵向监测差异的重要性。本研究调查了儿童及其主要照顾者的社会人口集群与心理健康轨迹之间的关联。研究人员使用潜类分析法(LCA)对澳大利亚儿童纵向研究(LSAC)第 6-9c2 波的数据进行了分析,以确定第 6 波时 10-11 岁儿童中的四个社会人口类别。多项式逻辑回归和预测边际分析探讨了阶层与心理健康结果之间的关联。在所有波次中,与第 1 波次(富裕和稳定的工作家庭)相比,第 4 波次(有原住民子女的弱势和离散家庭)的 PCs 表现出更高的边缘和异常 MHS 概率。然而,虽然受访者子女的心理健康与否对他们的影响是一致的,但只有在第 6 次调查中,心理健康与否与社会人口阶层的关系才是显著的。与第一类相比,第四类儿童患精神疾病的风险更高,而以受过教育的职业母亲为特征的第三类儿童患精神疾病的风险较低。降低心理健康风险需要解决社会经济差异,支持稳定的家庭结构,并提供有针对性的干预措施,如咨询和共同养育支持。纵向监测和具有文化敏感性的方法对于促进不同群体的心理健康至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Nondietary psychological app program leads to sustained weight loss due to trained physiological satiety perception 由于训练了生理饱腹感,非饮食性心理应用程序可导致持续的体重减轻。
IF 3.8 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12581
Ewelina K. Wardzinski, Juliane Richter, Sophia Moenikes, Kai U. Duysen, Kerstin M. Oltmanns

Obese people are mostly unable to maintain successful weight loss after the end of a dietary change. One reason is that conventional weight reduction concepts neglect physiological hunger and satiety perception, leading to a relapse to previous eating habits on the long run. We examined the long-term efficacy of a psychological smartphone weight loss program, which avoids any dietary instructions and aims at relearning of satiety perception. Parameters of body weight alterations and psychological features, for example, satiety perception, food cravings, and emotional eating, were explored in a nonrandomized experimental study comprising 75 obese participants. Measurements occurred at baseline, two times during program application, as well as at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Participants displayed significant weight loss during the entire study period (p = .029) and showed an improved body composition at the 6-month follow-up (p = .018). These effects were associated with increased satiety perception, as well as reduced food cravings, and emotional eating habits. Notably, all improvements in measured parameters significantly sustained between the end of the program and the 12-month follow-up (p < .005 for all). Psychological relearning of satiety perception may outclass dietary approaches in terms of long-term efficiency.

肥胖者在改变饮食习惯后,大多无法保持成功的减肥效果。原因之一是传统的减重理念忽视了生理上的饥饿和饱腹感知,导致长期减肥者重新养成以前的饮食习惯。我们研究了心理智能手机减肥计划的长期疗效,该计划避免了任何饮食指导,旨在重新学习饱腹感知。在一项由 75 名肥胖参与者参加的非随机实验研究中,我们探讨了体重改变的参数和心理特征,例如饱腹感、对食物的渴望和情绪化饮食。测量分别在基线、计划实施期间的两次以及 6 个月和 12 个月的随访中进行。在整个研究期间,参与者的体重明显下降(p = .029),在 6 个月的随访中,身体成分得到改善(p = .018)。这些效果与饱腹感的增强、食物渴望的减少以及情绪化的饮食习惯有关。值得注意的是,从计划结束到 12 个月随访期间,所有测量参数的改善都明显持续(p = 0.029)。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of experimental, network-based social circle norm feedback on studying behavior and alcohol consumption 基于网络的实验性社交圈规范反馈对学习行为和酒精消费的影响。
IF 3.8 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12582
Helge Giese, Odette Wegwarth, Wolfgang Gaissmaier

Misrepresentation of peer behavior has often been observed in college students and may lead to over-expression of alcohol consumption and under-expression of studying. While social norm feedback approaches have had mixed success in addressing these misrepresentations and altering behavior, they may have been too unspecific to be effective and did not directly assess individual perception accuracy. We thus investigated how specific, one-time feedback on the behavioral distribution of alcohol consumption or study time of a clearly defined, individually-adjusted social circle would affect the respective norm estimations and behavior of a class of Psychology students (n = 89 in January) across their first year of study. Students overestimated alcohol consumption and partially underestimated studying norms. While social circle feedback on alcohol consumption did not clearly affect both individual estimation accuracy and alcohol consumption, feedback on peers' studying time increased studying with no clear effect on estimation accuracy. This indicates that social circle norm feedback may be suitable to evoke behavioral effects. The correction of the detected inaccuracies did not appear to be a precondition for the feedback to be effective.

在大学生中经常可以观察到对同伴行为的错误表述,这可能会导致过度饮酒和学习表现不佳。虽然社会规范反馈方法在解决这些错误表述和改变行为方面取得了不同程度的成功,但它们可能过于不具体而难以奏效,而且没有直接评估个人感知的准确性。因此,我们研究了对一个定义明确、经过个人调整的社交圈的饮酒量或学习时间的行为分布进行具体的、一次性的反馈,会如何影响一个心理学班学生(1 月份人数为 89 人)在第一年学习期间各自的规范估计和行为。学生们高估了饮酒量,部分低估了学习规范。社交圈对饮酒量的反馈没有明显影响个人估计的准确性和饮酒量,而对同伴学习时间的反馈则增加了学习时间,但对估计的准确性没有明显影响。这表明,社交圈规范反馈可能适合唤起行为效应。纠正检测到的不准确性似乎并不是反馈有效的前提条件。
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引用次数: 0
Nature lifts when feeling low: Daily high and low awe nature clips decrease repetitive negative thinking and dampening and increase subjective happiness in adults 当情绪低落时,大自然会让人振奋:日常高低敬畏自然的片段会减少成人的重复性负面思维和抑制,增加主观幸福感。
IF 3.8 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-08-01 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12578
Liesbeth Bogaert, Yannick Joye, Egon Dejonckheere, Ine Goossens, Kaat Mertens, Filip Raes

Exposure to nature can enhance mental well-being, making nature-based interventions promising for the treatment and prevention of mental health problems like depression. Given the decreased self-focus and sense of self-diminishment associated with awe, the present study investigated the impact of exposure to awe-evoking nature on two key risk and maintenance factors of depression—repetitive negative thinking (RNT) and dampening of positive feelings—and on subjective happiness. In a randomized controlled trial, we tested the effects of exposure to awe-evoking nature clips through a 1-week intervention, consisting of watching a 1-min clip on a daily basis of either awe-evoking (n high awe = 108) or more mundane nature scenes (n low awe = 105). Before, immediately after (post-intervention) and 1 week after the intervention (follow-up), participants completed self-report scales probing RNT, dampening, and subjective happiness. Results indicated significant decreases in these outcomes at post-intervention and follow-up in both groups. We discuss study limitations, touch upon future research ideas, and reflect upon the role of nature for clinical applications.

接触大自然可以提高心理健康水平,因此基于大自然的干预措施在治疗和预防抑郁症等心理健康问题方面大有可为。鉴于与敬畏相关的自我关注和自我贬低感的减少,本研究调查了接触令人敬畏的大自然对抑郁症的两个关键风险和维持因素--重复性消极思维(RNT)和积极情绪的抑制--以及对主观幸福感的影响。在一项随机对照试验中,我们通过为期一周的干预测试了暴露于令人敬畏的大自然片段的影响,干预措施包括每天观看 1 分钟令人敬畏(高敬畏率为 108 人)或更平庸的大自然场景(低敬畏率为 105 人)的片段。在干预之前、之后(干预后)和干预一周之后(随访),参与者完成了有关 RNT、阻尼和主观幸福感的自我报告量表。结果表明,在干预后和随访期间,两组参与者的这些结果都明显下降。我们讨论了研究的局限性,谈到了未来的研究思路,并反思了大自然在临床应用中的作用。
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引用次数: 0
The effectiveness of mindfulness-based intervention for psychological distress and emotion regulation in college students with non-suicidal self-injury 以正念为基础的干预对大学生非自杀性自伤的心理困扰和情绪调节的有效性。
IF 3.8 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12580
Qiongjuan Zheng, Han-yu Zhou, Keshuang Li, Yaohong Liu, Weizhi Nan, Jingbo Gong

This study explored the effectiveness of a short-term mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) on psychological distress, mindfulness levels, emotion regulation, and impulsivity among college students with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Participants completed four questionnaires, including the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and the Brief Barratt Impulsivity Scale, and two behavioral tasks, including an emotion regulation task and a stop signal task (SST), at three time points. Compared with the healthy group, the NSSI group had a significantly greater level of psychological distress and a lower level of mindfulness. Compared with the NSSI control group and the healthy group, the NSSI MBI group had significantly increased mindfulness levels and decreased psychological distress after the intervention. In the NSSI MBI group, regardless of which emotion regulation strategy was adopted when viewing negative pictures, the intensity of negative emotions during the emotion regulation task was significantly reduced. Moreover, in the NSSI MBI group, the effectiveness of the MBI on the mindfulness level, stress level, and emotion regulation process was maintained at the follow-up. The present study provided empirical support that short-term MBI has the potential to help individuals with NSSI by enhancing their emotion regulation.

本研究探讨了基于正念的短期干预(MBI)对患有非自杀性自伤(NSSI)的大学生的心理困扰、正念水平、情绪调节和冲动性的影响。参与者在三个时间点完成了四份问卷,包括五面正念问卷、抑郁焦虑压力量表、情绪调节问卷和简易巴拉特冲动量表,以及两项行为任务,包括情绪调节任务和停止信号任务(SST)。与健康组相比,NSSI 组的心理困扰程度明显更高,正念程度更低。与 NSSI 对照组和健康组相比,NSSI MBI 组在干预后正念水平明显提高,心理困扰明显减少。在 NSSI MBI 组中,无论在观看负面图片时采取哪种情绪调节策略,在情绪调节任务中负面情绪的强度都明显降低。此外,在NSSI MBI组中,MBI对正念水平、压力水平和情绪调节过程的效果在随访中得以保持。本研究为短期MBI通过加强情绪调节来帮助NSSI患者提供了经验支持。
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引用次数: 0
Thought contagion? Conspiracy beliefs boost paranoid thoughts 思想传染?阴谋论信念会助长偏执想法。
IF 3.8 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12577
Zuzanna Molenda, Marta Marchlewska, Adam Karakula, Wojciech Podsiadłowski, Marta Rogoza, Paulina Bagrowska, Dagmara Szczepańska

Conspiracy theories accusing specific groups of secret malevolent actions can foster a perception of the world as a dangerous place. In our research, we contend that both adherence and exposure to conspiracy beliefs can serve as a potential cause of certain psychological problems in the form of paranoid thoughts. This hypothesis was tested in three studies conducted among Polish and British participants. In Study 1 (longitudinal, N = 603), we found that conspiracy beliefs exerted a positive overtime effect on paranoid thoughts. Experimental studies 2 (N = 384) and 3 (N = 445), showed that being exposed to conspiracy theories (vs. control stimuli) heightened paranoid thoughts. In Study 3, we proposed a potential mechanism explaining this effect, according to which exposure to conspiracies increased paranoid thoughts via only negative intense emotions. Our work adds to the discussion on the consequences of conspiracy beliefs and has implications for mental health research, underlining the importance of designing interventions limiting the adverse effects of conspiracy beliefs.

阴谋论指责特定群体的秘密恶意行为,会让人觉得世界是一个危险的地方。在我们的研究中,我们认为坚持和接触阴谋论信仰可能会导致某些心理问题,表现为偏执想法。这一假设在波兰和英国参与者进行的三项研究中得到了验证。在研究 1(纵向,N = 603)中,我们发现阴谋论信念对偏执想法有积极的超时效应。实验研究 2(样本数 = 384)和研究 3(样本数 = 445)表明,接触阴谋论(与对照刺激相比)会增强偏执想法。在研究 3 中,我们提出了解释这种效应的潜在机制,即接触阴谋论只会通过消极的强烈情绪增加偏执想法。我们的研究为有关阴谋论后果的讨论增添了新的内容,并对心理健康研究产生了影响,强调了设计干预措施限制阴谋论负面影响的重要性。
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引用次数: 0
Associations of global and specific components of positive psychological well-being with mortality risk: Findings from two cohort studies 积极心理健康的总体和具体组成部分与死亡风险的关系:两项队列研究的结果。
IF 3.8 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12576
Yoobin Park, Anne-Josee Guimond, Alexandra D. Crosswell, Laura D. Kubzansky

Previous studies have examined how various aspects of positive psychological well-being (PPWB) independently relate to healthy aging, yet a notable gap remains in understanding the effects of their overlap (i.e., shared variance). We used data from two longitudinal cohorts, the Midlife Development in the United States Study and the Health and Retirement Study (N = 3,302 and 7,209), each of which assessed hedonic and eudaimonic facets of PPWB (positive affect, purpose in life, personal growth, and self-acceptance) and tracked mortality status across 14–15 years of follow-up. We derived a global factor identifying elements common across PPWB facets and also specific PPWB factors from a bifactor model. Then, we examined if higher PPWB levels (global and specific) are associated with mortality risk. Across cohorts, higher global well-being factor levels were associated with reduced mortality risk, even after adjusting for a range of potential confounders. Fewer independent associations were evident with the specific PPWB factors. Findings suggest that variance common across hedonic and eudaimonic facets of PPWB is associated with lower mortality risk. Considering the shared versus unique effects of different PPWB facets can offer valuable insights for theorizing mechanisms underlying health benefits of PPWB and guiding decisions about intervention targets.

以往的研究已经探讨了积极心理幸福感(PPWB)的各个方面如何独立地与健康老龄化相关联,但在了解其重叠(即共享变异)的影响方面仍存在明显的差距。我们使用了美国中年发展研究(Midlife Development in the United States Study)和健康与退休研究(Health and Retirement Study)(N = 3,302 和 7,209)这两个纵向队列的数据,每个队列都评估了 PPWB 的享乐性和优裕性方面(积极情绪、生活目标、个人成长和自我接纳),并在 14-15 年的随访中跟踪了死亡率状况。我们从一个双因子模型中得出了一个识别 PPWB 各方面共同要素的全局因子,以及特定的 PPWB 因子。然后,我们研究了较高的 PPWB 水平(整体和特定)是否与死亡风险相关。在所有队列中,即使在调整了一系列潜在的混杂因素后,较高的总体幸福感因素水平也与死亡率风险的降低有关。与特定 PPWB 因素相关的独立因素较少。研究结果表明,PPWB 的享乐性和美满性方面的共同差异与较低的死亡风险有关。考虑到 PPWB 不同方面的共同效应和独特效应,可以为研究 PPWB 健康益处的内在机制提供有价值的见解,并指导有关干预目标的决策。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the longevity of attribute framing in attenuating the nocebo effect to brand and generic medication 评估属性框架在减轻品牌药和非专利药的惰性效应方面的长效作用。
IF 3.8 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12575
Kirsten Barnes, Kurt Sydney, Kristina Petkovich, Yasmin Hasan, Saakshi Koul, Kiarne Humphreys, Andrew L. Geers, Kate Faasse

The perception of taking a generic, relative to brand, medication has been demonstrated to exacerbate the nocebo effect. Conversely, positive attribute framing has been shown to attenuate the nocebo effect. However, little is known about the longevity of positive attribute framing nor how it interacts with generic versus brand treatment cues. Healthy participants (N = 205) were randomised to receive either sham-modafinil capsules with a brand or generic appearance, in conjunction with standard negative side effect framing (brand-negative: N = 42; generic-negative: N = 41) or positive side effect framing (brand-positive: N = 40; generic-positive: N = 40). The remainder were randomised to a no-treatment control (N = 42). Participants were informed that modafinil could enhance alertness and cognitive performance and reduce fatigue. Critically, modafinil was described as having several potential side effects. Treatment-related side effects, alertness, fatigue and cognitive performance were measured at baseline, 30-min post-treatment and 24 h later. Nocebo and placebo effects were observed across modafinil-treated participants relative to control. Positive framing significantly reduced warned side effects for 24 h. Perceived side effect likelihood, severity, and worry mediated the nocebo, but not framing, effect. Results have important implications for the presentation of side effect information, providing a potential route to reduce unwanted negative effects of generic medication.

事实证明,相对于品牌药物而言,服用非专利药物会加剧欺骗效应。相反,积极的属性框架则被证明可以减弱欺骗效应。然而,人们对积极属性框架的持久性以及它与仿制药和品牌药治疗线索之间的相互作用知之甚少。健康参与者(N = 205)被随机分配接受带有品牌或仿制药外观的假冒莫达非尼胶囊,同时接受标准的负面副作用框架(品牌-负面:N = 42;仿制药-负面:N = 41)或正面副作用框架(品牌-正面:N = 40;仿制药-正面:N = 40)。其余被随机分配到无治疗对照组(N = 42)。参与者被告知莫达非尼可以提高警觉性和认知能力,减轻疲劳。重要的是,莫达非尼被描述为有几种潜在的副作用。分别在基线、治疗后 30 分钟和 24 小时后测量了与治疗相关的副作用、警觉性、疲劳和认知能力。与对照组相比,接受莫达非尼治疗的受试者均出现了恐慌效应和安慰剂效应。积极的构思明显减少了24小时内被警告的副作用。感知到的副作用的可能性、严重性和担忧都对安慰剂效应起到了中介作用,但构思效应没有。研究结果对副作用信息的呈现具有重要意义,为减少非专利药物的不良反应提供了一条潜在途径。
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引用次数: 0
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Applied psychology. Health and well-being
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