首页 > 最新文献

Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung最新文献

英文 中文
[The day-to-day routine in hospitals--standards and conflicts, based on the example of the Rothschild spital in Vienna around the year 1900]. [医院的日常工作——标准与冲突,以1900年前后维也纳罗斯柴尔德医院为例]。
Elisabeth Malleier

The juxtaposition of official regulations and letters of complaint from Vienna's Rothschild Hospital shows, beyond the rhetoric and euphemisms of hospital reports, how lively and diverse day-to-day life was in a Jewish hospital around the year 1900. The letters of complaint query the official hospital rules and show that ideal and reality did not always coincide. Often, religious questions were at the root of the critique--such as doubts as to whether kosher dietary laws were adhered to--or conflicts between the agents involved, be they individuals or groups, patients, nurses, physicians or administrative staff. As part of this process, power structures, social hierarchies, patient rights and gender issues were called into question and renegotiated.

维也纳罗斯柴尔德医院(Vienna’s Rothschild Hospital)的官方规定和投诉信并置,在医院报告的花言巧语和委婉语之外,展示了1900年前后犹太医院的日常生活是多么生动多样。这些投诉信质疑了医院的官方规定,表明理想与现实并不总是一致的。通常,宗教问题是批评的根源——比如对是否遵守犹太饮食法的怀疑——或者涉及的代理人之间的冲突,无论是个人还是团体,病人、护士、医生还是行政人员。作为这一进程的一部分,权力结构、社会等级、患者权利和性别问题受到质疑并重新谈判。
{"title":"[The day-to-day routine in hospitals--standards and conflicts, based on the example of the Rothschild spital in Vienna around the year 1900].","authors":"Elisabeth Malleier","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The juxtaposition of official regulations and letters of complaint from Vienna's Rothschild Hospital shows, beyond the rhetoric and euphemisms of hospital reports, how lively and diverse day-to-day life was in a Jewish hospital around the year 1900. The letters of complaint query the official hospital rules and show that ideal and reality did not always coincide. Often, religious questions were at the root of the critique--such as doubts as to whether kosher dietary laws were adhered to--or conflicts between the agents involved, be they individuals or groups, patients, nurses, physicians or administrative staff. As part of this process, power structures, social hierarchies, patient rights and gender issues were called into question and renegotiated.</p>","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"32 ","pages":"51-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32594782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fighting for one's own health--care as a cause of illness. 为自己的健康而战——作为疾病原因的护理。
Marion Baschin
{"title":"Fighting for one's own health--care as a cause of illness.","authors":"Marion Baschin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"32 ","pages":"35-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32594781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conflicting chains of command in Dutch Catholic nursing (1839-1966). 荷兰天主教护理中相互冲突的命令链(1839-1966)。
Annelies van Heijst
{"title":"Conflicting chains of command in Dutch Catholic nursing (1839-1966).","authors":"Annelies van Heijst","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"32 ","pages":"21-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32594780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Deaf Jews in Germany, 1800-1933. A look at the history of a dual minority]. [德国的失聪犹太人,1800-1933]。[回顾双重少数民族的历史]。
Ylva Söderfeldt

This study examines the importance of religious denomination in the German community of deaf people in the 19th century and up until 1933, focusing on the dual minority status of deaf Jews. It shows that the educational system for the deaf and the deaf movement as such were, in structure and content, informed by the Christian, primarily the Protestant, faith. This meant that deaf Jewish people were in danger of facing a conflict between their identity as Jews and their identity as deaf people. In order to resolve this dilemma, Jewish philanthropists and deaf people created a range of complementary structures: schools where deaf Jewish children received tuition tailored to their needs, religious services in sign language and a Jewish deaf association for mutual support and companionship. But being members of two stigmatized and marginalized groups made the Jewish deaf vulnerable from several sides. The discursive association of deafness, Judaism and heredity played a particular part in this. This study comes to the conclusion that deaf Jews did not want to choose between their deaf and Jewish identities but they wanted to belong to both. As a result they suffered from the negative views that some deaf people had of Jews and some Jews of deaf people--as well as from the double discrimination by the mainstream society.

本研究考察了19世纪至1933年德国聋人社区中宗教教派的重要性,重点关注聋人犹太人的双重少数民族地位。它表明,聋人教育系统和聋人运动本身,在结构和内容上,都受到基督教,主要是新教信仰的影响。这意味着聋哑人犹太人的身份和聋哑人的身份之间存在冲突。为了解决这一困境,犹太慈善家和聋哑人创造了一系列互补的结构:聋哑犹太儿童接受适合他们需要的学费的学校,手语的宗教服务,以及相互支持和友谊的犹太聋哑人协会。但是,作为两个被污名化和边缘化的群体的成员,犹太聋人在很多方面都很脆弱。失聪,犹太教和遗传的话语关联在这方面发挥了特别的作用。本研究得出的结论是,聋哑人犹太人不想在聋哑人身份和犹太人身份之间做出选择,而是想同时属于聋哑人和犹太人。因此,他们遭受了一些聋哑人对犹太人和一些犹太人对聋哑人的负面看法,以及主流社会的双重歧视。
{"title":"[Deaf Jews in Germany, 1800-1933. A look at the history of a dual minority].","authors":"Ylva Söderfeldt","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study examines the importance of religious denomination in the German community of deaf people in the 19th century and up until 1933, focusing on the dual minority status of deaf Jews. It shows that the educational system for the deaf and the deaf movement as such were, in structure and content, informed by the Christian, primarily the Protestant, faith. This meant that deaf Jewish people were in danger of facing a conflict between their identity as Jews and their identity as deaf people. In order to resolve this dilemma, Jewish philanthropists and deaf people created a range of complementary structures: schools where deaf Jewish children received tuition tailored to their needs, religious services in sign language and a Jewish deaf association for mutual support and companionship. But being members of two stigmatized and marginalized groups made the Jewish deaf vulnerable from several sides. The discursive association of deafness, Judaism and heredity played a particular part in this. This study comes to the conclusion that deaf Jews did not want to choose between their deaf and Jewish identities but they wanted to belong to both. As a result they suffered from the negative views that some deaf people had of Jews and some Jews of deaf people--as well as from the double discrimination by the mainstream society.</p>","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"32 ","pages":"207-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32594715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
["They are enjoying their first holiday ever"--working with the elderly, from the post-war years up to the early 1970s]. (“他们正在享受他们的第一个假期”——从战后到20世纪70年代初,与老年人一起工作)。
Kristina Matron

While, in the post-war years and into the 1950s, the building of old people's and care homes and the allocation of home places in those homes was seen as the main task of municipal care institutions for the elderly in Frankfurt am Main, in the decade that followed their main task shifted towards increasing the possibilities of providing care in people's own homes, delaying the move into old people's homes and breaking through the loneliness that elderly people were presumed to experience. Supported by the state, community housing was provided with flats for elderly people and with carers to look after their needs. The "warm rooms" of the post-war period changed into clubs, where members met and received guidance. In the late 1960s the clubs were extended into day-care centres, offering a range of consultation services, organized day trips and recreational holidays for the elderly. It was hoped that "meals-on-wheels" in combination with age-appropriate living conditions would delay the move into a home. But these plans were not adequately developed in the 1960s and often it was not clear who would pay the bills. The same was true of outpatient medical care which had traditionally been the task of community nurses, but was now increasingly carried out by local authority carers, who also provided household assistance. This kind of care could only ever be given for a limited period of time and, while it was able to delay the move into an old people's home, it could not replace it.

,在战后的几年,进入1950年代,建筑的老人和照顾家庭和家庭在那些地方的分配房屋被视为市级医疗机构的主要任务为老年人在法兰克福,在随后的十年,他们的主要任务转向的可能性增加照顾人民的房屋,延迟进入老年人的家庭和突破的孤独老人被认为经验。在国家的支持下,社区住房为老年人提供了公寓,并有照顾者照顾他们的需要。战后时期的“温暖的房间”变成了俱乐部,成员们在那里会面并接受指导。在20世纪60年代后期,俱乐部扩展为日托中心,为老年人提供一系列咨询服务、有组织的一日游和娱乐假期。人们希望,“送餐上门”与适合年龄的生活条件相结合,可以推迟他们搬进养老院。但这些计划在20世纪60年代没有得到充分发展,而且往往不清楚谁来支付账单。门诊护理也是如此,传统上这是社区护士的任务,但现在越来越多地由地方当局护理人员执行,他们也提供家庭援助。这种照顾只能在一段有限的时间内提供,虽然它能够推迟搬进养老院,但它无法取代它。
{"title":"[\"They are enjoying their first holiday ever\"--working with the elderly, from the post-war years up to the early 1970s].","authors":"Kristina Matron","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While, in the post-war years and into the 1950s, the building of old people's and care homes and the allocation of home places in those homes was seen as the main task of municipal care institutions for the elderly in Frankfurt am Main, in the decade that followed their main task shifted towards increasing the possibilities of providing care in people's own homes, delaying the move into old people's homes and breaking through the loneliness that elderly people were presumed to experience. Supported by the state, community housing was provided with flats for elderly people and with carers to look after their needs. The \"warm rooms\" of the post-war period changed into clubs, where members met and received guidance. In the late 1960s the clubs were extended into day-care centres, offering a range of consultation services, organized day trips and recreational holidays for the elderly. It was hoped that \"meals-on-wheels\" in combination with age-appropriate living conditions would delay the move into a home. But these plans were not adequately developed in the 1960s and often it was not clear who would pay the bills. The same was true of outpatient medical care which had traditionally been the task of community nurses, but was now increasingly carried out by local authority carers, who also provided household assistance. This kind of care could only ever be given for a limited period of time and, while it was able to delay the move into an old people's home, it could not replace it.</p>","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"32 ","pages":"111-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32594785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Biographies following release from mental hospital, Glasgow 1875-1921]. [从格拉斯哥精神病院出院后的传记,1875年至1921年]。
Jens Gründler

For a long time mental asylums were seen as hermetically sealed units for the long-term confinement of patients. The broad and excluding nature of these establishments was their most prominent feature. From the end of the last century socio-historical and patient-oriented research has questioned and revised these properties. The present essay is based on that research. Using the example of a pauper asylum in Glasgow between 1875 and 1921 the essay analyses the number of released patients, how they were released and how they lived after being released. The sources used were individual patient files of the asylum and the corresponding files of the pauper administration. Although the number of releases--especially of patients who had been cured--declined in the period of investigation, the rate of successful outcomes remained, at 20 to 30 per cent, clearly above that of comparable institutions of the 1910s. According to the files, the key factor in favour of a release was the ability for social re-inclusion. The files examined reveal three typical biographical patterns: reintegration, psychiatric care and social care. While the first group tended to disappear from the sight of physicians and carers, members of the other groups frequently reappeared in the records. Apparently, social services as well as the asylum were often used to help cope with temporary family crises. Once the situation improved, the patients in question left social care and were taken home by their families.

在很长一段时间里,精神病院被看作是对病人进行长期监禁的封闭场所。这些机构的最大特点是范围广泛和排外。从上世纪末开始,社会历史和以患者为导向的研究对这些特性提出了质疑和修正。本文就是基于这一研究。本文以1875年至1921年间格拉斯哥的一家贫民收容所为例,分析了被释放病人的数量,他们是如何被释放的,以及他们被释放后的生活状况。所使用的资料来源是收容所的个别病人档案和贫民管理局的相应档案。尽管在调查期间,出院的人数——尤其是已经治愈的病人——有所下降,但成功率仍然保持在20%至30%,明显高于20世纪10年代的同类机构。根据这些文件,有利于释放的关键因素是重新融入社会的能力。经过检查的档案揭示了三种典型的传记模式:重返社会、精神病学护理和社会护理。第一组患者往往会从医生和护理人员的视线中消失,而另一组患者则经常出现在病历中。显然,社会服务和收容所经常被用来帮助应付暂时的家庭危机。一旦情况好转,这些病人就离开了社会护理,由家人接回家。
{"title":"[Biographies following release from mental hospital, Glasgow 1875-1921].","authors":"Jens Gründler","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For a long time mental asylums were seen as hermetically sealed units for the long-term confinement of patients. The broad and excluding nature of these establishments was their most prominent feature. From the end of the last century socio-historical and patient-oriented research has questioned and revised these properties. The present essay is based on that research. Using the example of a pauper asylum in Glasgow between 1875 and 1921 the essay analyses the number of released patients, how they were released and how they lived after being released. The sources used were individual patient files of the asylum and the corresponding files of the pauper administration. Although the number of releases--especially of patients who had been cured--declined in the period of investigation, the rate of successful outcomes remained, at 20 to 30 per cent, clearly above that of comparable institutions of the 1910s. According to the files, the key factor in favour of a release was the ability for social re-inclusion. The files examined reveal three typical biographical patterns: reintegration, psychiatric care and social care. While the first group tended to disappear from the sight of physicians and carers, members of the other groups frequently reappeared in the records. Apparently, social services as well as the asylum were often used to help cope with temporary family crises. Once the situation improved, the patients in question left social care and were taken home by their families.</p>","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"30 ","pages":"9-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30695080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
["Well, it's not our fault that God made us so small". Opposition and self-will in women who suffered enforced sterilization]. “上帝把我们造得这么渺小,这不是我们的错。”遭受强制绝育的妇女的反抗和自我意志]。
Susanne Doetz

Coercive sterilizations committed during the "Third Reich" were seen as a means of creating a Volksgemeinschaft (people's community) based on racial purity and hereditary health. While the physicians and attorneys who executed those actions emphasized the victims' sacrifice for the Volksgemeinschaft and stressed the benefits to the persons concerned and their families, the victims tried to escape the sterilization program. The "view from below" offers the possibility to observe victims as active agents who expressed their self-will in various ways: through escape, verbal protest and by refusing to be branded "inferior". In their attempts to reject the stigma of "inferiority", the victims often clung to the prevailing genetic ideas. The present article wants to highlight the also existing cracks inside eugenic thinking and shows, moreover, that other body concepts and ideas of illness existed, as the importance of eugenic thinking and the primacy of the Volksgemeinschaft were also called into question at the time.

在"第三帝国"期间实施的强制绝育被视为建立基于种族纯洁性和遗传健康的人民社区的一种手段。虽然执行这些行动的医生和律师强调受害者为人民共同体作出的牺牲,并强调对有关人员及其家属的好处,但受害者却试图逃避绝育计划。“从下面看”提供了一种可能性,将受害者视为积极的行动者,他们以各种方式表达自己的自我意志:通过逃跑、口头抗议和拒绝被贴上“劣等”的标签。在他们试图拒绝“自卑”的耻辱时,受害者往往坚持流行的基因观念。本文想要突出优生思想内部也存在的裂缝,并且表明其他身体概念和疾病观念的存在,因为优生思想的重要性和人民共同体的首要地位在当时也受到质疑。
{"title":"[\"Well, it's not our fault that God made us so small\". Opposition and self-will in women who suffered enforced sterilization].","authors":"Susanne Doetz","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coercive sterilizations committed during the \"Third Reich\" were seen as a means of creating a Volksgemeinschaft (people's community) based on racial purity and hereditary health. While the physicians and attorneys who executed those actions emphasized the victims' sacrifice for the Volksgemeinschaft and stressed the benefits to the persons concerned and their families, the victims tried to escape the sterilization program. The \"view from below\" offers the possibility to observe victims as active agents who expressed their self-will in various ways: through escape, verbal protest and by refusing to be branded \"inferior\". In their attempts to reject the stigma of \"inferiority\", the victims often clung to the prevailing genetic ideas. The present article wants to highlight the also existing cracks inside eugenic thinking and shows, moreover, that other body concepts and ideas of illness existed, as the importance of eugenic thinking and the primacy of the Volksgemeinschaft were also called into question at the time.</p>","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"30 ","pages":"111-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30693427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Sanatoria for tourists, drugs at home, healers on demand: healing cultures in the Duchy of Gotha (1850-1950)]. [游客疗养院,家里的毒品,随叫随到的治疗师:哥达公国的治疗文化(1850-1950)]。
Florian G Mildenberger

Up to 1920 Thuringia was separated into many territories some of which were known for their unorthodox pharmaceutical industries. Gotha was the only famous duchy because one of its princes had married the Queen of England in 1840. The country was backward and the state administration was incapable of solving health issues. It was due to the interest of some physicians that the fragile balance between homeopathy, naturopathy, physicians and pharmacists broke down after 1900. But the state bureaucracy was unable to convince the people of its new healthcare approaches that were just based on scientific medicine.

直到1920年,图林根州被分割成许多地区,其中一些地区以其非正统的制药工业而闻名。哥达是唯一著名的公国,因为它的一位王子在1840年娶了英国女王。这个国家落后,国家行政部门没有能力解决卫生问题。正是由于一些医生的兴趣,顺势疗法、自然疗法、医生和药剂师之间脆弱的平衡在1900年后被打破。但是,政府官僚机构无法说服民众接受其基于科学医学的新医疗方法。
{"title":"[Sanatoria for tourists, drugs at home, healers on demand: healing cultures in the Duchy of Gotha (1850-1950)].","authors":"Florian G Mildenberger","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Up to 1920 Thuringia was separated into many territories some of which were known for their unorthodox pharmaceutical industries. Gotha was the only famous duchy because one of its princes had married the Queen of England in 1840. The country was backward and the state administration was incapable of solving health issues. It was due to the interest of some physicians that the fragile balance between homeopathy, naturopathy, physicians and pharmacists broke down after 1900. But the state bureaucracy was unable to convince the people of its new healthcare approaches that were just based on scientific medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"30 ","pages":"171-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30693897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
[Shamanism as medical prevention? A case study from Ladakh, Northwest-India]. [萨满教作为医学预防?以印度西北部拉达克地区为例]。
Frank Kressing

Relating to a research project in the trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh, Northwest-India, the paper examines indications that the shamanic vocation and practice grew significantly in this region. The author tries to link this increase to severe psychological pressures imposed by the heavy presence of the Indian Army, political and administrative ties to the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir (with a predominantly Muslim population), and the region's status as a popular tourist destination. The paper argues that shamanic rituals performed by so-called oracles that embody deities of the Buddhist pantheon in trance (lhamo, lhapa) not only provide important services of healing and divination, they contribute significantly to medical prevention in times of growing competition and the deterioration of value systems. Turning from a local (Ladakh, the Tibetan Plateau) to a global perspective, it is further argued that the preventive function of shamanism has often been overlooked in previous ethnographic research and might be neglected by increasing efforts (also fostered by indigenous ritualists themselves) to establish and legitimize traditional ritual practices as part of modern health care systems which might eventually lead to the medicalization of traditional ceremonies--in short: "shamans do a lot more than just heal people".

与印度西北部拉达克跨喜马拉雅地区的一个研究项目有关,本文考察了萨满教的职业和实践在该地区显著增长的迹象。作者试图将这种增加与印度军队大量驻扎所造成的严重心理压力、与印度查谟和克什米尔邦(人口以穆斯林为主)的政治和行政联系以及该地区作为热门旅游目的地的地位联系起来。本文认为,在竞争日益激烈和价值体系恶化的时代,由体现佛教万神殿(lhamo, lhapa)神祗的所谓神谕所进行的萨满仪式,不仅提供了重要的治疗和占卜服务,而且对医疗预防做出了重大贡献。从当地(拉达克,青藏高原)转向全球视角,进一步认为萨满教的预防功能在以前的民族志研究中经常被忽视,并且可能被越来越多的努力(也由土著仪式主义者自己培养)所忽视,以建立和合法化传统仪式实践作为现代卫生保健系统的一部分,最终可能导致传统仪式的医学化-简而言之:“萨满不仅仅是治病”。
{"title":"[Shamanism as medical prevention? A case study from Ladakh, Northwest-India].","authors":"Frank Kressing","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relating to a research project in the trans-Himalayan region of Ladakh, Northwest-India, the paper examines indications that the shamanic vocation and practice grew significantly in this region. The author tries to link this increase to severe psychological pressures imposed by the heavy presence of the Indian Army, political and administrative ties to the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir (with a predominantly Muslim population), and the region's status as a popular tourist destination. The paper argues that shamanic rituals performed by so-called oracles that embody deities of the Buddhist pantheon in trance (lhamo, lhapa) not only provide important services of healing and divination, they contribute significantly to medical prevention in times of growing competition and the deterioration of value systems. Turning from a local (Ladakh, the Tibetan Plateau) to a global perspective, it is further argued that the preventive function of shamanism has often been overlooked in previous ethnographic research and might be neglected by increasing efforts (also fostered by indigenous ritualists themselves) to establish and legitimize traditional ritual practices as part of modern health care systems which might eventually lead to the medicalization of traditional ceremonies--in short: \"shamans do a lot more than just heal people\".</p>","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"30 ","pages":"229-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30693901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
["Or should we be cured just to [..] be constantly confronted with the fact that we have to stay here forever [..]?" The view of psychiatric patients between illness, normalization and normality (1921-1937)]. “或者我们应该被治愈,然后……”经常面对我们必须永远呆在这里的事实……?”精神病患者对疾病、正常化和正常的看法[1921-1937]。
Christof Beyer

In German psychiatry, a distinct change occurred in the 1920s with regard to types of treatment. By introducing work therapy, early releases and psychiatric support outside the asylums the number of in-patients was to be reduced. As a consequence social approaches began to dominate psychiatric discourse. These approaches aimed at normalizing everyday life in the institutions and at implementing treatments that would allow patients to be reintegrated into society. Based on numerous documents on a patient who had spent the 1920s and early 1930s in a mental institution, the article adds a patient's view to the psychiatrists' perspective that has so far dominated the history of psychiatry of the Weimar Republic. The documents allow for an in-depth investigation of both the potential and the limitations of the approaches to psychiatric reform prevalent at the time. They illustrate, from a micro-perspective, the field of tension between psychiatric diagnosis, life in the asylum and integration into society that, in the case of this patient, became especially poignant with the patient's release at the time of the Third Reich sterilization laws.

在20世纪20年代,德国精神病学在治疗类型方面发生了明显的变化。通过引入工作治疗、提前释放和在精神病院外提供精神支助,将减少住院病人的人数。因此,社会方法开始主导精神病学的论述。这些办法的目的是使收容机构的日常生活正常化,并实施治疗,使病人能够重新融入社会。这篇文章基于一名病人在20世纪20年代和30年代初在精神病院度过的大量文件,为精神病学家的观点增加了一名病人的观点,迄今为止,精神病学家的观点主导了魏玛共和国的精神病学历史。这些文件允许对当时流行的精神病学改革方法的潜力和局限性进行深入调查。它们从微观的角度说明了精神病诊断、精神病院生活和融入社会之间的紧张关系,在这个病人的情况下,随着病人在第三帝国绝育法颁布时获释,这种紧张关系变得尤为尖锐。
{"title":"[\"Or should we be cured just to [..] be constantly confronted with the fact that we have to stay here forever [..]?\" The view of psychiatric patients between illness, normalization and normality (1921-1937)].","authors":"Christof Beyer","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In German psychiatry, a distinct change occurred in the 1920s with regard to types of treatment. By introducing work therapy, early releases and psychiatric support outside the asylums the number of in-patients was to be reduced. As a consequence social approaches began to dominate psychiatric discourse. These approaches aimed at normalizing everyday life in the institutions and at implementing treatments that would allow patients to be reintegrated into society. Based on numerous documents on a patient who had spent the 1920s and early 1930s in a mental institution, the article adds a patient's view to the psychiatrists' perspective that has so far dominated the history of psychiatry of the Weimar Republic. The documents allow for an in-depth investigation of both the potential and the limitations of the approaches to psychiatric reform prevalent at the time. They illustrate, from a micro-perspective, the field of tension between psychiatric diagnosis, life in the asylum and integration into society that, in the case of this patient, became especially poignant with the patient's release at the time of the Third Reich sterilization laws.</p>","PeriodicalId":81975,"journal":{"name":"Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung","volume":"30 ","pages":"49-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"30695505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
Medizin, Gesellschaft, und Geschichte : Jahrbuch des Instituts fur Geschichte der Medizin der Robert Bosch Stiftung
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1