Pub Date : 2020-06-07Epub Date: 2020-03-30DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-011620-120633
C R K Windows-Yule, J P K Seville, A Ingram, D J Parker
Positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) is a noninvasive technique capable of imaging the three-dimensional dynamics of a wide variety of powders, particles, grains, and/or fluids. The PEPT technique can track the motion of particles with high temporal and spatial resolution and can be used to study various phenomena in systems spanning a broad range of scales, geometries, and physical states. We provide an introduction to the PEPT technique, an overview of its fundamental principles and operation, and a brief review of its application to a diverse range of scientific and industrial systems.
{"title":"Positron Emission Particle Tracking of Granular Flows.","authors":"C R K Windows-Yule, J P K Seville, A Ingram, D J Parker","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-011620-120633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-011620-120633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) is a noninvasive technique capable of imaging the three-dimensional dynamics of a wide variety of powders, particles, grains, and/or fluids. The PEPT technique can track the motion of particles with high temporal and spatial resolution and can be used to study various phenomena in systems spanning a broad range of scales, geometries, and physical states. We provide an introduction to the PEPT technique, an overview of its fundamental principles and operation, and a brief review of its application to a diverse range of scientific and industrial systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"367-396"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-011620-120633","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37784580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07Epub Date: 2020-03-30DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-112019-084830
Saikat Das, Jie Feng, Wei Wang
In the wake of sustainable development, materials research is going through a green revolution that is putting energy-efficient and environmentally friendly materials and methods in the limelight. In this quest for greener alternatives, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a new generation of designable crystalline porous polymers for a wide array of clean-energy and environmental applications. In this contribution, we categorically review the merits and shortcomings of COF bulk powders, nanosheets, freestanding thin films/membranes, and membranes on porous supports in various separation processes, including separation of gases, pervaporation, organic solvent nanofiltration, water purification, radionuclide sequestration, and chiral separations, with particular reference to COF material pore size, host-guest interactions, stability, selectivity, and permeability. This review covers the fabrication strategies of nanosheets, films, and membranes, as well as performance parameters, and provides an overview of the separation landscape with COFs in relation to other porous polymers, while seeking to interpret the future research opportunities in this field.
{"title":"Covalent Organic Frameworks in Separation.","authors":"Saikat Das, Jie Feng, Wei Wang","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-112019-084830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-112019-084830","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the wake of sustainable development, materials research is going through a green revolution that is putting energy-efficient and environmentally friendly materials and methods in the limelight. In this quest for greener alternatives, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a new generation of designable crystalline porous polymers for a wide array of clean-energy and environmental applications. In this contribution, we categorically review the merits and shortcomings of COF bulk powders, nanosheets, freestanding thin films/membranes, and membranes on porous supports in various separation processes, including separation of gases, pervaporation, organic solvent nanofiltration, water purification, radionuclide sequestration, and chiral separations, with particular reference to COF material pore size, host-guest interactions, stability, selectivity, and permeability. This review covers the fabrication strategies of nanosheets, films, and membranes, as well as performance parameters, and provides an overview of the separation landscape with COFs in relation to other porous polymers, while seeking to interpret the future research opportunities in this field.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"131-153"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-112019-084830","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37784581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07Epub Date: 2020-03-13DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-110519-075414
Paul Kieckhefen, Swantje Pietsch, Maksym Dosta, Stefan Heinrich
Fluid-solid systems play a major role in a wide variety of industries, from pharmaceutical and consumer goods to chemical plants and energy generation. Along with this variety of fields comes a diversity in apparatuses and applications, most prominently fluidized and spouted beds, granulators and mixers, pneumatic conveying, drying, agglomeration, coating, and combustion. The most promising approach for modeling the flow in these systems is the CFD-DEM method, coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the fluid phase and the discrete element method (DEM) for the particles. This article reviews the progress in modeling particle-fluid flows with the CFD-DEM method. A brief overview of the basic method as well as methodical extensions of it are given. Recent applications of this simulation approach to separation and classification units, fluidized beds for both particle formation and energy conversion, comminution units, filtration, and bioreactors are reviewed. Future trends are identified and discussed regarding their viability.
{"title":"Possibilities and Limits of Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method Simulations in Process Engineering: A Review of Recent Advancements and Future Trends.","authors":"Paul Kieckhefen, Swantje Pietsch, Maksym Dosta, Stefan Heinrich","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-110519-075414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-110519-075414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fluid-solid systems play a major role in a wide variety of industries, from pharmaceutical and consumer goods to chemical plants and energy generation. Along with this variety of fields comes a diversity in apparatuses and applications, most prominently fluidized and spouted beds, granulators and mixers, pneumatic conveying, drying, agglomeration, coating, and combustion. The most promising approach for modeling the flow in these systems is the CFD-DEM method, coupling computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for the fluid phase and the discrete element method (DEM) for the particles. This article reviews the progress in modeling particle-fluid flows with the CFD-DEM method. A brief overview of the basic method as well as methodical extensions of it are given. Recent applications of this simulation approach to separation and classification units, fluidized beds for both particle formation and energy conversion, comminution units, filtration, and bioreactors are reviewed. Future trends are identified and discussed regarding their viability.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"397-422"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-110519-075414","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37735707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07Epub Date: 2020-03-27DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-011520-075844
Johanna Kleinekorte, Lorenz Fleitmann, Marvin Bachmann, Arne Kätelhön, Ana Barbosa-Póvoa, Niklas von der Assen, André Bardow
Design in the chemical industry increasingly aims not only at economic but also at environmental targets. Environmental targets are usually best quantified using the standardized, holistic method of life cycle assessment (LCA). The resulting life cycle perspective poses a major challenge to chemical engineering design because the design scope is expanded to include process, product, and supply chain. Here, we first provide a brief tutorial highlighting key elements of LCA. Methods to fill data gaps in LCA are discussed, as capturing the full life cycle is data intensive. On this basis, we review recent methods for integrating LCA into the design of chemical processes, products, and supply chains. Whereas adding LCA as a posteriori tool for decision support can be regarded as established, the integration of LCA into the design process is an active field of research. We present recent advances and derive future challenges for LCA-based design.
{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment for the Design of Chemical Processes, Products, and Supply Chains.","authors":"Johanna Kleinekorte, Lorenz Fleitmann, Marvin Bachmann, Arne Kätelhön, Ana Barbosa-Póvoa, Niklas von der Assen, André Bardow","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-011520-075844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-011520-075844","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Design in the chemical industry increasingly aims not only at economic but also at environmental targets. Environmental targets are usually best quantified using the standardized, holistic method of life cycle assessment (LCA). The resulting life cycle perspective poses a major challenge to chemical engineering design because the design scope is expanded to include process, product, and supply chain. Here, we first provide a brief tutorial highlighting key elements of LCA. Methods to fill data gaps in LCA are discussed, as capturing the full life cycle is data intensive. On this basis, we review recent methods for integrating LCA into the design of chemical processes, products, and supply chains. Whereas adding LCA as a posteriori tool for decision support can be regarded as established, the integration of LCA into the design process is an active field of research. We present recent advances and derive future challenges for LCA-based design.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"203-233"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-011520-075844","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37774488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07Epub Date: 2020-03-13DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-120919-114657
Jacob Monroe, Mikayla Barry, Audra DeStefano, Pinar Aydogan Gokturk, Sally Jiao, Dennis Robinson-Brown, Thomas Webber, Ethan J Crumlin, Songi Han, M Scott Shell
The properties of water on both molecular and macroscopic surfaces critically influence a wide range of physical behaviors, with applications spanning from membrane science to catalysis to protein engineering. Yet, our current understanding of water interfacing molecular and material surfaces is incomplete, in part because measurement of water structure and molecular-scale properties challenges even the most advanced experimental characterization techniques and computational approaches. This review highlights progress in the ongoing development of tools working to answer fundamental questions on the principles that govern the interactions between water and surfaces. One outstanding and critical question is what universal molecular signatures capture the hydrophobicity of different surfaces in an operationally meaningful way, since traditional macroscopic hydrophobicity measures like contact angles fail to capture even basic properties of molecular or extended surfaces with any heterogeneity at the nanometer length scale. Resolving this grand challenge will require close interactions between state-of-the-art experiments, simulations, and theory, spanning research groups and using agreed-upon model systems, to synthesize an integrated knowledge of solvation water structure, dynamics, and thermodynamics.
{"title":"Water Structure and Properties at Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Surfaces.","authors":"Jacob Monroe, Mikayla Barry, Audra DeStefano, Pinar Aydogan Gokturk, Sally Jiao, Dennis Robinson-Brown, Thomas Webber, Ethan J Crumlin, Songi Han, M Scott Shell","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-120919-114657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-120919-114657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The properties of water on both molecular and macroscopic surfaces critically influence a wide range of physical behaviors, with applications spanning from membrane science to catalysis to protein engineering. Yet, our current understanding of water interfacing molecular and material surfaces is incomplete, in part because measurement of water structure and molecular-scale properties challenges even the most advanced experimental characterization techniques and computational approaches. This review highlights progress in the ongoing development of tools working to answer fundamental questions on the principles that govern the interactions between water and surfaces. One outstanding and critical question is what universal molecular signatures capture the hydrophobicity of different surfaces in an operationally meaningful way, since traditional macroscopic hydrophobicity measures like contact angles fail to capture even basic properties of molecular or extended surfaces with any heterogeneity at the nanometer length scale. Resolving this grand challenge will require close interactions between state-of-the-art experiments, simulations, and theory, spanning research groups and using agreed-upon model systems, to synthesize an integrated knowledge of solvation water structure, dynamics, and thermodynamics.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"523-557"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-120919-114657","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37735708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07Epub Date: 2020-03-13DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101519-124728
Sally Wang, Gregory F Payne, William E Bentley
Quorum sensing (QS) is a molecular signaling modality that mediates molecular-based cell-cell communication. Prevalent in nature, QS networks provide bacteria with a method to gather information from the environment and make decisions based on the intel. With its ability to autonomously facilitate both inter- and intraspecies gene regulation, this process can be rewired to enable autonomously actuated, but molecularly programmed, genetic control. On the one hand, novel QS-based genetic circuits endow cells with smart functions that can be used in many fields of engineering, and on the other, repurposed QS circuitry promotes communication and aids in the development of synthetic microbial consortia. Furthermore, engineered QS systems can probe and intervene in interkingdom signaling between bacteria and their hosts. Lastly, QS is demonstrated to establish conversation with abiotic materials, especially by taking advantage of biological and even electronically induced assembly processes; such QS-incorporated biohybrid devices offer innovative ways to program cell behavior and biological function.
{"title":"Quorum Sensing Communication: Molecularly Connecting Cells, Their Neighbors, and Even Devices.","authors":"Sally Wang, Gregory F Payne, William E Bentley","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101519-124728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101519-124728","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quorum sensing (QS) is a molecular signaling modality that mediates molecular-based cell-cell communication. Prevalent in nature, QS networks provide bacteria with a method to gather information from the environment and make decisions based on the intel. With its ability to autonomously facilitate both inter- and intraspecies gene regulation, this process can be rewired to enable autonomously actuated, but molecularly programmed, genetic control. On the one hand, novel QS-based genetic circuits endow cells with smart functions that can be used in many fields of engineering, and on the other, repurposed QS circuitry promotes communication and aids in the development of synthetic microbial consortia. Furthermore, engineered QS systems can probe and intervene in interkingdom signaling between bacteria and their hosts. Lastly, QS is demonstrated to establish conversation with abiotic materials, especially by taking advantage of biological and even electronically induced assembly processes; such QS-incorporated biohybrid devices offer innovative ways to program cell behavior and biological function.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"447-468"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101519-124728","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37735706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-102419-125430
Vijesh Kumar, Abraham M Lenhoff
Chromatography has long been, and remains, the workhorse of downstream processing in the production of biopharmaceuticals. As bioprocessing has matured, there has been a growing trend toward seeking a detailed fundamental understanding of the relevant unit operations, which for some operations include the use of mechanistic modeling in a way similar to its use in the conventional chemical process industries. Mechanistic models of chromatography have been developed for almost a century, but although the essential features are generally understood, the specialization of such models to biopharmaceutical processing includes several areas that require further elucidation. This review outlines the overall approaches used in such modeling and emphasizes current needs, specifically in the context of typical uses of such models; these include selection and improvement of isotherm models and methods to estimate isotherm and transport parameters independently. Further insights are likely to be aided by molecular-level modeling, as well as by the copious amounts of empirical data available for existing processes.
{"title":"Mechanistic Modeling of Preparative Column Chromatography for Biotherapeutics.","authors":"Vijesh Kumar, Abraham M Lenhoff","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-102419-125430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-102419-125430","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chromatography has long been, and remains, the workhorse of downstream processing in the production of biopharmaceuticals. As bioprocessing has matured, there has been a growing trend toward seeking a detailed fundamental understanding of the relevant unit operations, which for some operations include the use of mechanistic modeling in a way similar to its use in the conventional chemical process industries. Mechanistic models of chromatography have been developed for almost a century, but although the essential features are generally understood, the specialization of such models to biopharmaceutical processing includes several areas that require further elucidation. This review outlines the overall approaches used in such modeling and emphasizes current needs, specifically in the context of typical uses of such models; these include selection and improvement of isotherm models and methods to estimate isotherm and transport parameters independently. Further insights are likely to be aided by molecular-level modeling, as well as by the copious amounts of empirical data available for existing processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"235-255"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-102419-125430","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38022925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07Epub Date: 2020-03-09DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101519-120354
Carol K Hall
I profile my personal and professional journey from being a girl of the 1950s, with expectations typical for the times, to a chemical engineering professor and still-enthusiastic researcher. I describe my family, my early education, my college and graduate school training in physics, my postdoc years in chemistry, and my subsequent transformation into a chemical engineering faculty member-one of the first women to be appointed to a chemical engineering faculty in the United States. I focus on the events that shaped me, the people who noticed and supported me, and the environment for women scientists and engineers in what some would call the "early days." My initial research activities centered on applications of statistical mechanics to predict phase equilibria in simple systems. Over time, my interests evolved to focus on applying molecule-level computer simulations to systems of interest to chemical engineers, e.g., hydrocarbons and polymers. Eventually, spurred on by my personal interest in amyloid diseases and my wish to make a contribution to human health, I turned to more biologically oriented problems having to do with protein aggregation and protein design. I give a candid assessment of my strengths and weaknesses, successes and failures. Finally, I share the most valuable lessons that I have learned over a lifetime of professional and personal experience.
{"title":"A ChemE Grows in Brooklyn.","authors":"Carol K Hall","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101519-120354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101519-120354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>I profile my personal and professional journey from being a girl of the 1950s, with expectations typical for the times, to a chemical engineering professor and still-enthusiastic researcher. I describe my family, my early education, my college and graduate school training in physics, my postdoc years in chemistry, and my subsequent transformation into a chemical engineering faculty member-one of the first women to be appointed to a chemical engineering faculty in the United States. I focus on the events that shaped me, the people who noticed and supported me, and the environment for women scientists and engineers in what some would call the \"early days.\" My initial research activities centered on applications of statistical mechanics to predict phase equilibria in simple systems. Over time, my interests evolved to focus on applying molecule-level computer simulations to systems of interest to chemical engineers, e.g., hydrocarbons and polymers. Eventually, spurred on by my personal interest in amyloid diseases and my wish to make a contribution to human health, I turned to more biologically oriented problems having to do with protein aggregation and protein design. I give a candid assessment of my strengths and weaknesses, successes and failures. Finally, I share the most valuable lessons that I have learned over a lifetime of professional and personal experience.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"1-22"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101519-120354","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37720076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07Epub Date: 2020-03-16DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-102419-010001
Natalia I Majewska, Max L Tejada, Michael J Betenbaugh, Nitin Agarwal
Regulatory bodies worldwide consider N-glycosylation to be a critical quality attribute for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG-like therapeutics. This consideration is due to the importance of posttranslational modifications in determining the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties of biologics. Given its critical role in protein therapeutic production, we review N-glycosylation beginning with an overview of the myriad interactions of N-glycans with other biological factors. We examine the mechanism and drivers for N-glycosylation during biotherapeutic production and the several competing factors that impact glycan formation, including the abundance of precursor nucleotide sugars, transporters, glycosidases, glycosyltransferases, and process conditions. We explore the role of these factors with a focus on the analytical approaches used to characterize glycosylation and associated processes, followed by the current state of advanced glycosylation modeling techniques. This combination of disciplines allows for a deeper understanding of N-glycosylation and will lead to more rational glycan control.
{"title":"<i>N-</i>Glycosylation of IgG and IgG-Like Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins: Why Is It Important and How Can We Control It?","authors":"Natalia I Majewska, Max L Tejada, Michael J Betenbaugh, Nitin Agarwal","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-102419-010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-102419-010001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Regulatory bodies worldwide consider <i>N-</i>glycosylation to be a critical quality attribute for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG-like therapeutics. This consideration is due to the importance of posttranslational modifications in determining the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties of biologics. Given its critical role in protein therapeutic production, we review <i>N-</i>glycosylation beginning with an overview of the myriad interactions of <i>N-</i>glycans with other biological factors. We examine the mechanism and drivers for <i>N-</i>glycosylation during biotherapeutic production and the several competing factors that impact glycan formation, including the abundance of precursor nucleotide sugars, transporters, glycosidases, glycosyltransferases, and process conditions. We explore the role of these factors with a focus on the analytical approaches used to characterize glycosylation and associated processes, followed by the current state of advanced glycosylation modeling techniques. This combination of disciplines allows for a deeper understanding of <i>N-</i>glycosylation and will lead to more rational glycan control.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"311-338"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-102419-010001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37741792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-07Epub Date: 2020-03-25DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-012120-083016
Guanchen Li, Charles W Monroe
New experimental technology and theoretical approaches have advanced battery research across length scales ranging from the molecular to the macroscopic. Direct observations of nanoscale phenomena and atomistic simulations have enhanced the understanding of the fundamental electrochemical processes that occur in battery materials. This vast and ever-growing pool of microscopic data brings with it the challenge of isolating crucial performance-decisive physical parameters, an effort that often requires the consideration of intricate interactions across very different length scales and timescales. Effective physics-based battery modeling emphasizes the cross-scale perspective, with the aim of showing how nanoscale physicochemical phenomena affect device performance. This review surveys the methods researchers have used to bridge the gap between the nanoscale and the macroscale. We highlight the modeling of properties or phenomena that have direct and considerable impact on battery performance metrics, such as open-circuit voltage and charge/discharge overpotentials. Particular emphasis is given to thermodynamically rigorous multiphysics models that incorporate coupling between materials' mechanical and electrochemical states.
{"title":"Multiscale Lithium-Battery Modeling from Materials to Cells.","authors":"Guanchen Li, Charles W Monroe","doi":"10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-012120-083016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-012120-083016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>New experimental technology and theoretical approaches have advanced battery research across length scales ranging from the molecular to the macroscopic. Direct observations of nanoscale phenomena and atomistic simulations have enhanced the understanding of the fundamental electrochemical processes that occur in battery materials. This vast and ever-growing pool of microscopic data brings with it the challenge of isolating crucial performance-decisive physical parameters, an effort that often requires the consideration of intricate interactions across very different length scales and timescales. Effective physics-based battery modeling emphasizes the cross-scale perspective, with the aim of showing how nanoscale physicochemical phenomena affect device performance. This review surveys the methods researchers have used to bridge the gap between the nanoscale and the macroscale. We highlight the modeling of properties or phenomena that have direct and considerable impact on battery performance metrics, such as open-circuit voltage and charge/discharge overpotentials. Particular emphasis is given to thermodynamically rigorous multiphysics models that incorporate coupling between materials' mechanical and electrochemical states.</p>","PeriodicalId":8234,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering","volume":"11 ","pages":"277-310"},"PeriodicalIF":8.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-012120-083016","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37771234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}