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Lessons from Biomass Valorization for Improving Plastic-Recycling Enzymes. 生物质Valorization改进塑料回收酶的经验教训。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-091054
M. Gomes, Y. Rondelez, L. Leibler
Synthetic polymers such as plastics exhibit numerous advantageous properties that have made them essential components of our daily lives, with plastic production doubling every 15 years. The relatively low cost of petroleum-based polymers encourages their single use and overconsumption. Synthetic plastics are recalcitrant to biodegradation, and mismanagement of plastic waste leads to their accumulation in the ecosystem, resulting in a disastrous environmental footprint. Enzymes capable of depolymerizing plastics have been reported recently that may provide a starting point for eco-friendly plastic recycling routes. However, some questions remain about the mechanisms by which enzymes can digest insoluble solid substrates. We review the characterization and engineering of plastic-eating enzymes and provide some comparisons with the field of lignocellulosic biomass valorization. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
塑料等合成聚合物表现出许多有利的特性,使其成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分,塑料产量每15年翻一番。石油基聚合物相对较低的成本鼓励了它们的一次性使用和过度消费。合成塑料难以生物降解,塑料垃圾管理不善导致其在生态系统中积累,造成灾难性的环境足迹。最近有报道称,能够解聚塑料的酶可能为环保塑料回收路线提供一个起点。然而,关于酶消化不溶性固体底物的机制仍存在一些问题。我们综述了食用塑料酶的特性和工程,并与木质纤维素生物质的价格化领域进行了一些比较。《化学与生物分子工程年刊》第13卷预计最终在线出版日期为2022年10月。请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates用于修订估算。
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引用次数: 3
Technological Options for Direct Air Capture: A Comparative Process Engineering Review. 直接空气捕获的技术选择:比较工艺工程综述。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-102121-065047
Xiaowei Wu, R. Krishnamoorti, Praveen Bollini
The direct capture of CO2 from ambient air presents a means of decelerating the growth of global atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Considerations relating to process engineering are the focus of this review and have received significantly less attention than those relating to the design of materials for direct air capture (DAC). We summarize minimum thermodynamic energy requirements, second law efficiencies, major unit operations and associated energy requirements, capital and operating expenses, and potential alternative process designs. We also highlight process designs applied toward more concentrated sources of CO2 that, if extended to lower concentrations, could help move DAC units closer to more economical continuous operation. Addressing shortcomings highlighted here could aid in the design of improved DAC processes that overcome trade-offs between capture performance and DAC cost. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
从环境空气中直接捕获二氧化碳是减缓全球大气二氧化碳浓度增长的一种手段。与工艺工程相关的考虑因素是本次审查的重点,与直接空气捕获(DAC)材料设计相关的考虑事项相比,受到的关注要少得多。我们总结了最低热力学能量要求、第二定律效率、主要装置操作和相关能量要求、资本和运营费用以及潜在的替代工艺设计。我们还强调了适用于更浓缩的二氧化碳源的工艺设计,如果将其扩展到更低的浓度,可能有助于使DAC装置更接近更经济的连续操作。解决这里强调的缺点可以帮助设计改进的DAC过程,克服捕获性能和DAC成本之间的权衡。《化学与生物分子工程年刊》第13卷预计最终在线出版日期为2022年10月。请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates用于修订估算。
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引用次数: 14
Blockchain Technology in the Chemical Industry. 化工行业的区块链技术。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-022935
Xiaochi Zhou, M. Kraft
This article presents a review of the application of blockchain and blockchain-based smart contracts in the chemical and related industries. We introduce the basic concepts of blockchain and smart contracts and explain how some of their features are enabled. We review several typical or novel applications of blockchain and smart contract technologies and their enabling concepts and underlying technologies. We classify the selected literature into five categories and discuss their motivations and technical designs. We recognize that the trend of decentralization creates a need to use blockchain and smart contracts to implement trust and distributed control mechanisms. We also speculate on future applications of blockchain and smart contracts. We believe that, in the future, blockchains with different consensus mechanisms will be studied and applied to achieve more efficient and practical decentralized systems. Also, blockchain-based smart contracts will be more widely applied to enhance autonomous distributed controls in decentralized systems. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
本文回顾了区块链和基于区块链的智能合约在化工及相关行业的应用。我们将介绍区块链和智能合约的基本概念,并解释它们的一些功能是如何启用的。我们回顾了区块链和智能合约技术的几个典型或新颖的应用,以及它们的使能概念和底层技术。我们将选择的文献分为五类,并讨论其动机和技术设计。我们认识到,去中心化的趋势创造了使用区块链和智能合约来实现信任和分布式控制机制的需求。我们还对区块链和智能合约的未来应用进行了推测。我们相信,在未来,不同共识机制的区块链将被研究和应用,以实现更高效、更实用的去中心化系统。此外,基于区块链的智能合约将更广泛地应用于增强分散系统中的自主分布式控制。预计《化学与生物分子工程年度评论》第13卷的最终在线出版日期为2022年10月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 3
Direct Air Capture of CO2 Using Solvents. 使用溶剂直接捕捉空气中的二氧化碳。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2022-02-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-023936
R. Custelcean
Large-scale deployment of negative emissions technologies (NETs) that permanently remove CO2 from the atmosphere is now considered essential for limiting the global temperature increase to less than 2°C by the end of this century. One promising NET is direct air capture (DAC), a technology that employs engineered chemical processes to remove atmospheric carbon dioxide, potentially at the scale of billions of metric tons per year. This review highlights one of the two main approaches to DAC based on aqueous solvents. The discussion focuses on different aspects of DAC with solvents, starting with the fundamental chemistry that includes the chemical species and reactions involved and the thermodynamics and kinetics of CO2 binding and release. Chemical engineering aspects are also discussed, including air-liquid contactor design, process development, and techno-economic assessments to estimate the cost of the DAC technologies. Various solvents employed in DAC are reviewed, from aqueous alkaline solutions (NaOH, KOH) to aqueous amines, amino acids, and peptides, along with different solvent regeneration methods, from the traditional thermal swinging to the more exploratory carbonate crystallization with guanidines or electrochemical methods. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
大规模部署能永久清除大气中二氧化碳的负排放技术(NETs),现在被认为是到本世纪末将全球气温上升限制在2°C以内的关键。直接空气捕获(DAC)是一种很有前景的净技术,它采用工程化学过程来去除大气中的二氧化碳,每年可能达到数十亿公吨的规模。本文综述了两种主要的基于水性溶剂的DAC方法之一。讨论的重点是溶剂DAC的不同方面,从基础化学开始,包括化学种类和所涉及的反应以及二氧化碳结合和释放的热力学和动力学。化学工程方面也进行了讨论,包括气液接触器的设计,工艺开发和技术经济评估,以估计DAC技术的成本。回顾了DAC中使用的各种溶剂,从碱性水溶液(NaOH, KOH)到水性胺,氨基酸和肽,以及不同的溶剂再生方法,从传统的热摇摆到更具探索性的胍类或电化学方法的碳酸盐结晶。预计《化学与生物分子工程年度评论》第13卷的最终在线出版日期为2022年10月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 15
Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing: Historical Perspectives and Future Directions. 生物制药制造:历史展望与未来方向。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-125832
Alana C Szkodny, Kelvin H Lee
This review describes key milestones related to the production of biopharmaceuticals-therapies manufactured using recombinant DNA technology. The market for biopharmaceuticals has grown significantly since the first biopharmaceutical approval in 1982, and the scientific maturity of the technologies used in their manufacturing processes has grown concomitantly. Early processes relied on established unit operations, with research focused on process scale-up and improved culture productivity. In the early 2000s, changes in regulatory frameworks and the introduction of Quality by Design emphasized the importance of developing manufacturing processes to deliver a desired product quality profile. As a result, companies adopted platform processes and focused on understanding the dynamic interplay between product quality and processing conditions. The consistent and reproducible manufacturing processes of today's biopharmaceutical industry have set high standards for product efficacy, quality, and safety, and as the industry continues to evolve in the coming decade, intensified processing capabilities for an expanded range of therapeutic modalities will likely become routine. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
这篇综述描述了与使用重组DNA技术生产生物制药疗法相关的关键里程碑。自1982年第一个生物制药获批以来,生物制药市场已经显著增长,其制造过程中使用的技术的科学成熟度也随之提高。早期的工艺依赖于已建立的单元操作,研究重点是工艺放大和提高培养效率。在21世纪初,监管框架的变化和设计质量的引入强调了开发制造工艺以提供所需产品质量概况的重要性。因此,公司采用了平台流程,并专注于了解产品质量和加工条件之间的动态相互作用。当今生物制药行业的一致性和可重复性制造工艺为产品功效、质量和安全性设定了高标准,随着该行业在未来十年的不断发展,针对更广泛治疗方式的强化处理能力可能会成为常规。预计《化学与生物分子工程年度评论》第13卷的最终在线出版日期为2022年10月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 11
Airborne Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: Evidence and Implications for Engineering Controls. SARS-CoV-2的空气传播:证据及其对工程控制的影响
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-111631
V. McNeill
Since late 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread globally, causing a pandemic (coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19) with dire consequences, including widespread death, long-term illness, and societal and economic disruption. Although initially uncertain, evidence is now overwhelming that SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted primarily through small respiratory droplets and aerosols emitted by infected individuals. As a result, many effective nonpharmaceutical interventions for slowing virus transmission operate by blocking, filtering, or diluting respiratory aerosol, particularly in indoor environments. In this review, we discuss the evidence for airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and implications for engineering solutions to reduce transmission risk. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
自2019年末以来,严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2(SARS-CoV-2)已在全球传播,引发了一场具有可怕后果的大流行(2019冠状病毒病或新冠肺炎),包括广泛死亡、长期患病以及社会和经济破坏。尽管最初不确定,但现在有压倒性的证据表明,严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型主要通过感染者释放的小呼吸道飞沫和气溶胶传播。因此,许多减缓病毒传播的有效非药物干预措施都是通过阻断、过滤或稀释呼吸道气溶胶来实现的,尤其是在室内环境中。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒2型空气传播的证据,以及降低传播风险的工程解决方案的意义。《化学与生物分子工程年刊》第13卷预计最终在线出版日期为2022年10月。请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates用于修订估算。
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引用次数: 9
Interferometric Probing of Physical and Chemical Properties of Solutions: Noncontact Investigation of Liquids. 溶液物理和化学性质的干涉探测:液体的非接触研究。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-123822
C. Eder, H. Briesen
Interferometry is a highly versatile tool for probing physical and chemical phenomena. In addition to the benefit of noncontact investigations, even spatially resolved information can be obtained by choosing a suitable setup. This review presents the evolution of the various setups that have evolved since the first interferometers were developed in the mid-nineteenth century and highlights the benefits, limitations, and typical areas of application. This review focuses on interferometry based on electromagnetic waves in the near-infrared and visible range applied to liquid samples, categorizes the chemical/physical properties (e.g., pressure, temperature, composition) and phenomena (e.g., evaporation, crystal growth, diffusion, thermophoresis) that can be assessed, and presents a comprehensive literature review of specific existing applications. Finally, it discusses some fundamental open questions with respect to geometric considerations and overlapping effects. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
干涉测量法是一种高度通用的探测物理和化学现象的工具。除了非接触调查的好处之外,通过选择合适的设置,甚至可以获得空间分辨的信息。本综述介绍了自19世纪中叶第一台干涉仪问世以来各种装置的演变,并强调了其优点、局限性和典型应用领域。本文综述了基于近红外和可见光范围内的电磁波干涉测量技术在液体样品中的应用,对可评估的化学/物理性质(如压力、温度、成分)和现象(如蒸发、晶体生长、扩散、热电泳)进行了分类,并对具体的现有应用进行了全面的文献综述。最后,讨论了关于几何考虑和重叠效应的一些基本开放性问题。预计《化学与生物分子工程年度评论》第13卷的最终在线出版日期为2022年10月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 1
Flow Chemistry: A Sustainable Voyage Through the Chemical Universe en Route to Smart Manufacturing. 流动化学:通往智能制造的化学宇宙的可持续之旅。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2022-02-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-024449
Amanda A. Volk, Zachary S. Campbell, Malek Y. S. Ibrahim, Jeffrey A. Bennett, M. Abolhasani
Microfluidic devices and systems have entered many areas of chemical engineering, and the rate of their adoption is only increasing. As we approach and adapt to the critical global challenges we face in the near future, it is important to consider the capabilities of flow chemistry and its applications in next-generation technologies for sustainability, energy production, and tailor-made specialty chemicals. We present the introduction of microfluidics into the fundamental unit operations of chemical engineering. We discuss the traits and advantages of microfluidic approaches to different reactive systems, both well-established and emerging, with a focus on the integration of modular microfluidic devices into high-efficiency experimental platforms for accelerated process optimization and intensified continuous manufacturing. Finally, we discuss the current state and new horizons in self-driven experimentation in flow chemistry for both intelligent exploration through the chemical universe and distributed manufacturing. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
微流控装置和系统已进入化学工程的许多领域,其采用的速度只会越来越快。在不久的将来,当我们接近并适应我们面临的重大全球挑战时,考虑流动化学的能力及其在可持续性、能源生产和定制特种化学品的下一代技术中的应用是很重要的。我们将微流体引入化工的基本单元操作中。我们讨论了微流控方法在不同反应系统中的特点和优势,包括成熟的和新兴的,重点是将模块化微流控装置集成到高效的实验平台中,以加速工艺优化和强化连续制造。最后,我们讨论了流动化学自驱动实验在化学宇宙智能探索和分布式制造方面的现状和新前景。预计《化学与生物分子工程年度评论》第13卷的最终在线出版日期为2022年10月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 9
Data-Driven Design and Autonomous Experimentation in Soft and Biological Materials Engineering. 软材料与生物材料工程中的数据驱动设计与自主实验。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2022-02-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-020803
Andrew L. Ferguson, Keith A. Brown
This article reviews recent developments in the applications of machine learning, data-driven modeling, transfer learning, and autonomous experimentation for the discovery, design, and optimization of soft and biological materials. The design and engineering of molecules and molecular systems have long been a preoccupation of chemical and biomolecular engineers using a variety of computational and experimental techniques. Increasingly, researchers have looked to emerging and established tools in artificial intelligence and machine learning to integrate with established approaches in chemical science to realize powerful, efficient, and in some cases autonomous platforms for molecular discovery, materials engineering, and process optimization. This review summarizes the basic principles underpinning these techniques and highlights recent successful example applications in autonomous materials discovery, transfer learning, and multi-fidelity active learning. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
本文回顾了机器学习、数据驱动建模、迁移学习和自主实验在软材料和生物材料的发现、设计和优化中的应用的最新进展。分子和分子系统的设计和工程长期以来一直是化学和生物分子工程师使用各种计算和实验技术的关注。越来越多的研究人员将人工智能和机器学习领域的新兴和成熟工具与化学科学领域的成熟方法相结合,以实现强大、高效、在某些情况下自主的分子发现、材料工程和工艺优化平台。本文总结了支持这些技术的基本原理,并重点介绍了最近在自主材料发现、迁移学习和多保真主动学习方面的成功应用实例。预计《化学与生物分子工程年度评论》第13卷的最终在线出版日期为2022年10月。修订后的估计数请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates。
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引用次数: 12
Machine Learning-Assisted Design of Material Properties. 机器学习辅助材料特性设计。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2022-01-26 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-024340
Sanket Kadulkar, Z. Sherman, V. Ganesan, Thomas M Truskett
Designing functional materials requires a deep search through multidimensional spaces for system parameters that yield desirable material properties. For cases where conventional parameter sweeps or trial-and-error sampling are impractical, inverse methods that frame design as a constrained optimization problem present an attractive alternative. However, even efficient algorithms require time- and resource-intensive characterization of material properties many times during optimization, imposing a design bottleneck. Approaches that incorporate machine learning can help address this limitation and accelerate the discovery of materials with targeted properties. In this article, we review how to leverage machine learning to reduce dimensionality in order to effectively explore design space, accelerate property evaluation, and generate unconventional material structures with optimal properties. We also discuss promising future directions, including integration of machine learning into multiple stages of a design algorithm and interpretation of machine learning models to understand how design parameters relate to material properties. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Volume 13 is October 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
设计功能材料需要在多维空间中深入搜索产生所需材料特性的系统参数。对于传统的参数扫描或试错采样不切实际的情况,将设计框定为约束优化问题的逆方法提供了一个有吸引力的替代方案。然而,即使是高效的算法也需要在优化过程中多次对材料特性进行时间和资源密集型表征,从而造成设计瓶颈。结合机器学习的方法可以帮助解决这一限制,并加速发现具有目标特性的材料。在这篇文章中,我们回顾了如何利用机器学习来降低维度,以便有效地探索设计空间,加速性能评估,并生成具有最佳性能的非常规材料结构。我们还讨论了有前景的未来方向,包括将机器学习集成到设计算法的多个阶段,以及解释机器学习模型,以了解设计参数如何与材料特性相关。《化学与生物分子工程年刊》第13卷预计最终在线出版日期为2022年10月。请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates用于修订估算。
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引用次数: 11
期刊
Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering
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