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Kinetics and Reactor Model of Biogas Production from Abattoir Waste (Cow Dung) 屠宰场废弃物(牛粪)产沼气动力学及反应器模型
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.cbe.20210603.12
Akpa Jackson Gunorubon, Igbagara Princewill Woyinbrakemi, Adeloye Olalekan Michael
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引用次数: 0
The Relationship Between Microbiology as a Science and the Microbiology Subject 微生物学与微生物学学科的关系
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.cbe.20210603.11
Lilianne Dominguez Céspedes, Yohorlin Marta Céspedes Fonseca
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Drought on Various Agro-physical Parameters of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Genotypes in a Field Experiment 干旱对鹰嘴豆(Cicer arietinum L.)各农业物理参数的影响田间试验中的基因型
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.cbe.20210604.11
Khadra Ahmed, Hind El Hari, C. Houasli, Ghoulam Cherki
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引用次数: 0
How Do Cells Adapt? Stories Told in Landscapes. 细胞如何适应?风景中的故事。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2020-06-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-011720-103410
Luca Agozzino, Gábor Balázsi, Jin Wang, Ken A Dill
Cells adapt to changing environments. Perturb a cell and it returns to a point of homeostasis. Perturb a population and it evolves toward a fitness peak. We review quantitative models of the forces of adaptation and their visualizations on landscapes. While some adaptations result from single mutations or few-gene effects, others are more cooperative, more delocalized in the genome, and more universal and physical. For example, homeostasis and evolution depend on protein folding and aggregation, energy and protein production, protein diffusion, molecular motor speeds and efficiencies, and protein expression levels. Models provide a way to learn about the fitness of cells and cell populations by making and testing hypotheses.
细胞适应不断变化的环境。扰乱一个细胞,它就会恢复到一个自我平衡的状态。扰动一个种群,它就会进化到适合度峰值。我们回顾了适应力量的定量模型及其对景观的可视化。虽然一些适应是由单个突变或少数基因作用产生的,但其他适应是更合作的,在基因组中更不定位,更普遍和物理。例如,体内平衡和进化取决于蛋白质折叠和聚集、能量和蛋白质生产、蛋白质扩散、分子马达速度和效率以及蛋白质表达水平。模型通过提出和检验假设,提供了一种了解细胞和细胞群适应度的方法。
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引用次数: 18
Process Control and Energy Efficiency. 过程控制和能源效率。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2020-06-07 Epub Date: 2020-03-23 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-083227
Jodie M Simkoff, Fernando Lejarza, Morgan T Kelley, Calvin Tsay, Michael Baldea

We review the impact of control systems and strategies on the energy efficiency of chemical processes. We show that, in many ways, good control performance is a necessary but not sufficient condition for energy efficiency. The direct effect of process control on energy efficiency is manyfold: Reducing output variability allows for operating chemical plants closer to their limits, where the energy/economic optima typically lie. Further, good control enables novel, transient operating strategies, such as conversion smoothing and demand response. Indirectly, control systems are key to the implementation and operation of more energy-efficient plant designs, as dictated by the process integration and intensification paradigms. These conclusions are supported with references to numerous examples from the literature.

我们回顾了控制系统和策略对化学过程能源效率的影响。我们表明,在许多方面,良好的控制性能是能源效率的必要条件,但不是充分条件。过程控制对能源效率的直接影响是多方面的:减少产量可变性允许化工厂更接近其极限,这通常是能源/经济的最佳选择。此外,良好的控制可以实现新颖的瞬态操作策略,例如转换平滑和需求响应。间接地,控制系统是实施和操作更节能的工厂设计的关键,正如过程集成和集约化范例所指示的那样。这些结论得到了文献中大量例子的支持。
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引用次数: 6
Computational Fluid Dynamics for Fixed Bed Reactor Design. 固定床反应器设计的计算流体动力学。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2020-06-07 Epub Date: 2020-03-09 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-075328
Anthony G Dixon, Behnam Partopour

Flow, heat, and mass transfer in fixed beds of catalyst particles are complex phenomena and, when combined with catalytic reactions, are multiscale in both time and space; therefore, advanced computational techniques are being applied to fixed bed modeling to an ever-greater extent. The fast-growing literature on the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in fixed bed design reflects the rapid development of this subfield of reactor modeling. We identify recent trends and research directions in which successful methodology has been established, for example, in computer generation of packings of complex particles, and where more work is needed, for example, in the meshing of nonsphere packings and the simulation of industrial-size packed tubes. Development of fixed bed reactor models, by either using CFD directly or obtaining insight, closures, and parameters for engineering models from simulations, will increase confidence in using these methods for design along with, or instead of, expensive pilot-scale experiments.

催化剂颗粒固定床中的流动、传热和传质是复杂的现象,当与催化反应结合在一起时,在时间和空间上都是多尺度的;因此,先进的计算技术正越来越多地应用于固定床建模。关于在固定床设计中使用计算流体动力学(CFD)的快速增长的文献反映了反应器建模这一分支领域的快速发展。我们确定了最近的趋势和研究方向,其中已经建立了成功的方法,例如,在复杂颗粒的计算机生成填料方面,以及需要做更多工作的地方,例如,在非球体填料的网格划分和工业尺寸填料管的模拟方面。通过直接使用CFD或从模拟中获得工程模型的洞察力、闭包和参数,开发固定床反应器模型将增加使用这些方法进行设计的信心,或者代替昂贵的中试规模实验。
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引用次数: 89
Unconventional Catalytic Approaches to Ammonia Synthesis. 氨合成的非常规催化方法。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2020-06-07 Epub Date: 2020-03-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-080240
Patrick M Barboun, Jason C Hicks

Ammonia is a critically important industrial chemical and is largely responsible for sustaining the growing global population. To provide ammonia to underdeveloped regions and/or regions far from industrial production hubs, modular systems have been targeted and often involve unconventional production methodologies. These novel approaches for ammonia production can tap renewable resources at smaller scales located at the point of use, while decreasing the CO2 footprint. Plasma-assisted catalysis and electrochemical ammonia synthesis have promise owing to their atmospheric pressure and low-temperature operation conditions and the ability to construct units at scales desired for modularization. Fundamental and applied studies are underway to assess these processes, although many unknowns remain. In this review, we discuss recent developments and opportunities for unconventional ammonia synthesis with a focus on plasma-stimulated systems.

氨是一种至关重要的工业化学品,对维持不断增长的全球人口负有很大责任。为了向欠发达地区和/或远离工业生产中心的地区提供氨,模块化系统已经成为目标,通常涉及非常规的生产方法。这些生产氨的新方法可以在使用点的较小规模上利用可再生资源,同时减少二氧化碳足迹。等离子体辅助催化和电化学氨合成由于其大气压和低温操作条件以及在模块化所需的规模上构建单元的能力而具有前景。基础和应用研究正在进行,以评估这些过程,尽管仍有许多未知因素。在这篇综述中,我们讨论了非常规氨合成的最新进展和机遇,重点是等离子体刺激系统。
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引用次数: 16
Numerical Methods for the Solution of Population Balance Equations Coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics. 结合计算流体力学求解种群平衡方程的数值方法。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2020-06-07 Epub Date: 2020-04-06 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092319-075814
Mohsen Shiea, Antonio Buffo, Marco Vanni, Daniele Marchisio

This review article discusses the solution of population balance equations, for the simulation of disperse multiphase systems, tightly coupled with computational fluid dynamics. Although several methods are discussed, the focus is on quadrature-based moment methods (QBMMs) with particular attention to the quadrature method of moments, the conditional quadrature method of moments, and the direct quadrature method of moments. The relationship between the population balance equation, in its generalized form, and the Euler-Euler multiphase flow models, notably the two-fluid model, is thoroughly discussed. Then the closure problem and the use of Gaussian quadratures to overcome it are analyzed. The review concludes with the presentation of numerical issues and guidelines for users of these modeling approaches.

本文讨论了离散多相系统仿真中与计算流体力学紧密耦合的种群平衡方程的解法。虽然讨论了几种方法,但重点是基于正交的矩法(QBMMs),特别关注矩的正交法、条件正交法和直接正交法。本文深入讨论了人口平衡方程广义形式与欧拉-欧拉多相流模型,特别是双流体模型之间的关系。然后分析了闭包问题以及利用高斯正交克服闭包问题的方法。本文最后提出了数值问题,并为使用这些建模方法的用户提供了指导方针。
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引用次数: 33
Positron Emission Particle Tracking of Granular Flows. 粒状流的正电子发射粒子跟踪。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2020-06-07 Epub Date: 2020-03-30 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-011620-120633
C R K Windows-Yule, J P K Seville, A Ingram, D J Parker

Positron emission particle tracking (PEPT) is a noninvasive technique capable of imaging the three-dimensional dynamics of a wide variety of powders, particles, grains, and/or fluids. The PEPT technique can track the motion of particles with high temporal and spatial resolution and can be used to study various phenomena in systems spanning a broad range of scales, geometries, and physical states. We provide an introduction to the PEPT technique, an overview of its fundamental principles and operation, and a brief review of its application to a diverse range of scientific and industrial systems.

正电子发射粒子跟踪(PEPT)是一种非侵入性技术,能够成像各种粉末、颗粒、颗粒和/或流体的三维动力学。PEPT技术能够以较高的时间和空间分辨率跟踪粒子的运动,并可用于研究跨越大范围尺度、几何和物理状态的系统中的各种现象。我们介绍了PEPT技术,概述了其基本原理和操作,并简要回顾了其在各种科学和工业系统中的应用。
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引用次数: 41
Covalent Organic Frameworks in Separation. 共价有机框架的分离。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2020-06-07 Epub Date: 2020-03-30 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-112019-084830
Saikat Das, Jie Feng, Wei Wang

In the wake of sustainable development, materials research is going through a green revolution that is putting energy-efficient and environmentally friendly materials and methods in the limelight. In this quest for greener alternatives, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as a new generation of designable crystalline porous polymers for a wide array of clean-energy and environmental applications. In this contribution, we categorically review the merits and shortcomings of COF bulk powders, nanosheets, freestanding thin films/membranes, and membranes on porous supports in various separation processes, including separation of gases, pervaporation, organic solvent nanofiltration, water purification, radionuclide sequestration, and chiral separations, with particular reference to COF material pore size, host-guest interactions, stability, selectivity, and permeability. This review covers the fabrication strategies of nanosheets, films, and membranes, as well as performance parameters, and provides an overview of the separation landscape with COFs in relation to other porous polymers, while seeking to interpret the future research opportunities in this field.

在可持续发展的背景下,材料研究正在经历一场绿色革命,节能环保的材料和方法备受关注。在寻找更环保的替代品的过程中,共价有机框架(COFs)已经成为新一代可设计的晶体多孔聚合物,用于广泛的清洁能源和环境应用。在这篇文章中,我们对COF粉体、纳米片、独立薄膜/膜和多孔支撑膜在各种分离过程中的优缺点进行了综述,包括气体分离、渗透蒸发、有机溶剂纳滤、水净化、放射性核素隔离和手性分离,并特别提到了COF材料的孔径、主-guest相互作用、稳定性、选择性和渗透性。本文综述了纳米片、薄膜和膜的制备策略以及性能参数,并概述了COFs与其他多孔聚合物的分离前景,同时试图解释该领域未来的研究机会。
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引用次数: 29
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Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering
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