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Role of International Oil Companies in the Net-Zero Emission Energy Transition. 国际石油公司在净零排放能源转型中的作用。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-08 Epub Date: 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-030446
Dirk J Smit, Joseph B Powell

Scientific and engineering capabilities in hydrocarbon supply chains developed over decades in international oil and gas companies (IOCs) uniquely position these companies to drive rapid scale-up and transition to a net-zero emission economy. Flexible large-scale production of energy carriers such as hydrogen, ammonia, methanol, and other synthetic fuels produced with low- or zero-emission renewable power, nuclear energy, or hydrogen derived from natural gas with carbon capture and storage will enable long-distance transport and permanent storage options for clean energy. Use of energy carriers can overcome the inherent constraints of a fully electrified energy system by providing the energy and power densities, as well as transport and storage capacity, required to achieve energy supply and security in a net-zero emission economy, and over time allow optimization to the lowest cost for a consumer anywhere on the globe.

国际石油和天然气公司(IOCs)几十年来在碳氢化合物供应链方面发展起来的科学和工程能力,使这些公司具有独特的优势,能够推动快速扩大规模并向净零排放经济过渡。灵活地大规模生产氢气、氨气、甲醇等载能体,以及用低排放或零排放的可再生能源、核能或通过碳捕集与封存从天然气中提取的氢气生产的其他合成燃料,将为清洁能源的远距离运输和永久封存提供选择。能源载体的使用可以克服完全电气化能源系统的固有限制,提供在净零排放经济中实现能源供应和安全所需的能量和功率密度,以及运输和储存能力,并随着时间的推移,使全球任何地方的消费者都能以最低成本获得优化。
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引用次数: 0
Nonconjugated Redox-Active Polymers: Electron Transfer Mechanisms, Energy Storage, and Chemical Versatility. 非共轭氧化还原活性聚合物:电子转移机制、能量存储和化学多功能性。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-06-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-111121
Ting Ma, Alexandra D Easley, Ratul Mitra Thakur, Khirabdhi T Mohanty, Chen Wang, Jodie L Lutkenhaus

The storage of electric energy in a safe and environmentally friendly way is of ever-growing importance for a modern, technology-based society. With future pressures predicted for batteries that contain strategic metals, there is increasing interest in metal-free electrode materials. Among candidate materials, nonconjugated redox-active polymers (NC-RAPs) have advantages in terms of cost-effectiveness, good processability, unique electrochemical properties, and precise tuning for different battery chemistries. Here, we review the current state of the art regarding the mechanisms of redox kinetics, molecular design, synthesis, and application of NC-RAPs in electrochemical energy storage and conversion. Different redox chemistries are compared, including polyquinones, polyimides, polyketones, sulfur-containing polymers, radical-containing polymers, polyphenylamines, polyphenazines, polyphenothiazines, polyphenoxazines, and polyviologens. We close with cell design principles considering electrolyte optimization and cell configuration. Finally, we point to fundamental and applied areas of future promise for designer NC-RAPs.

对于以技术为基础的现代社会来说,以安全、环保的方式储存电能的重要性与日俱增。由于预计未来含有战略金属的电池将面临压力,人们对无金属电极材料的兴趣与日俱增。在候选材料中,非共轭氧化还原活性聚合物(NC-RAPs)在成本效益、良好的加工性、独特的电化学性质以及针对不同电池化学性质的精确调节等方面具有优势。在此,我们回顾了有关氧化还原动力学机制、分子设计、合成以及 NC-RAPs 在电化学储能和转换中的应用的最新研究进展。我们比较了不同的氧化还原化学物质,包括聚醌类、聚酰亚胺类、聚酮类、含硫聚合物、含自由基聚合物、聚苯胺类、聚吩嗪类、聚吩噻嗪类、聚吩噁嗪类和聚维酮类。最后,我们介绍了考虑到电解质优化和电池配置的电池设计原则。最后,我们指出了未来有望设计出 NC-RAPs 的基础和应用领域。
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引用次数: 0
Biodegradation of Textile Dyes by Radish Peroxidase (Raphanus sativus L.) Immobilized on Coconut Fiber 萝卜过氧化物酶降解纺织染料的研究固定在椰子纤维上
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2023-01-30 DOI: 10.11648/j.cbe.20220704.11
Kennedy Costa da Conceicao, Patrick Alan Dantas Araujo, Alvaro Silva Lima, Laiza Canielas Krause, Alini Tinoco Fricks, Cleide Mara Farias Soares, Rebeca Yndira Cabrera-Padilla
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引用次数: 0
Biosynthesis of Isonitrile- and Alkyne-Containing Natural Products. 含异腈和炔烃天然产物的生物合成。
IF 7.6 2区 工程技术 Q1 CHEMISTRY, APPLIED Pub Date : 2022-06-10 Epub Date: 2022-03-02 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-025140
Antonio Del Rio Flores, Colin C Barber, Maanasa Narayanamoorthy, Di Gu, Yuanbo Shen, Wenjun Zhang

Natural products are a diverse class of biologically produced compounds that participate in fundamental biological processes such as cell signaling, nutrient acquisition, and interference competition. Unique triple-bond functionalities like isonitriles and alkynes often drive bioactivity and may serve as indicators of novel chemical logic and enzymatic machinery. Yet, the biosynthetic underpinnings of these groups remain only partially understood, constraining the opportunity to rationally engineer biomolecules with these functionalities for applications in pharmaceuticals, bioorthogonal chemistry, and other value-added chemical processes. Here, we focus our review on characterized biosynthetic pathways for isonitrile and alkyne functionalities, their bioorthogonal transformations, and prospects for engineering their biosynthetic machinery for biotechnological applications.

天然产物是一类种类繁多的生物化合物,参与细胞信号传递、营养获取和干扰竞争等基本生物过程。异腈和炔烃等独特的三键官能团通常具有生物活性,可作为新型化学逻辑和酶机制的指标。然而,人们对这些官能团的生物合成基础仍然只有部分了解,这限制了合理设计具有这些官能团的生物大分子以应用于制药、生物正交化学和其他增值化学过程的机会。在此,我们将重点回顾异腈和炔烃官能团的特征生物合成途径、它们的生物正交转化,以及将它们的生物合成机制工程化用于生物技术应用的前景。
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引用次数: 0
Machine Learning for the Discovery, Design, and Engineering of Materials. 机器学习在材料发现、设计和工程中的应用。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-10 Epub Date: 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092320-120230
Chenru Duan, Aditya Nandy, Heather J Kulik

Machine learning (ML) has become a part of the fabric of high-throughput screening and computational discovery of materials. Despite its increasingly central role, challenges remain in fully realizing the promise of ML. This is especially true for the practical acceleration of the engineering of robust materials and the development of design strategies that surpass trial and error or high-throughput screening alone. Depending on the quantity being predicted and the experimental data available, ML can either outperform physics-based models, be used to accelerate such models, or be integrated with them to improve their performance. We cover recent advances in algorithms and in their application that are starting to make inroads toward (a) the discovery of new materials through large-scale enumerative screening, (b) the design of materials through identification of rules and principles that govern materials properties, and (c) the engineering of practical materials by satisfying multiple objectives. We conclude with opportunities for further advancement to realize ML as a widespread tool for practical computational materials design.

机器学习(ML)已经成为高通量筛选和材料计算发现的一部分。尽管机器学习发挥着越来越重要的作用,但在充分实现机器学习的前景方面仍然存在挑战。对于坚固材料工程的实际加速以及超越反复试验或高通量筛选的设计策略的开发尤其如此。根据预测的数量和可用的实验数据,机器学习可以超越基于物理的模型,用于加速这些模型,或者与它们集成以提高它们的性能。我们涵盖了算法及其应用方面的最新进展,这些进展正开始向(a)通过大规模枚举筛选发现新材料,(b)通过确定控制材料特性的规则和原则来设计材料,以及(c)通过满足多种目标来设计实用材料。我们总结了进一步发展的机会,以实现机器学习作为实用计算材料设计的广泛工具。
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引用次数: 9
Optogenetics Illuminates Applications in Microbial Engineering. 光遗传学在微生物工程中的应用。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-10 Epub Date: 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-092340
Shannon M Hoffman, Allison Y Tang, José L Avalos

Optogenetics has been used in a variety of microbial engineering applications, such as chemical and protein production, studies of cell physiology, and engineered microbe-host interactions. These diverse applications benefit from the precise spatiotemporal control that light affords, as well as its tunability, reversibility, and orthogonality. This combination of unique capabilities has enabled a surge of studies in recent years investigating complex biological systems with completely new approaches. We briefly describe the optogenetic tools that have been developed for microbial engineering, emphasizing the scientific advancements that they have enabled. In particular, we focus on the unique benefits and applications of implementing optogenetic control, from bacterial therapeutics to cybergenetics. Finally, we discuss future research directions, with special attention given to the development of orthogonal multichromatic controls. With an abundance of advantages offered by optogenetics, the future is bright in microbial engineering.

光遗传学已应用于多种微生物工程应用,如化学和蛋白质生产、细胞生理学研究和工程微生物-宿主相互作用。这些不同的应用受益于光提供的精确时空控制,以及它的可调性、可逆性和正交性。这种独特能力的结合使得近年来以全新的方法研究复杂生物系统的研究激增。我们简要地描述了为微生物工程开发的光遗传学工具,强调了它们所带来的科学进步。我们特别关注实施光遗传学控制的独特好处和应用,从细菌治疗到控制论遗传学。最后,对今后的研究方向进行了展望,重点讨论了正交多色控制的发展方向。光遗传学在微生物工程中具有诸多优势,前景广阔。
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引用次数: 10
The Critical Role of Process Analysis in Chemical Recycling and Upcycling of Waste Plastics. 工艺分析在废塑料化学回收和升级利用中的关键作用。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-10 Epub Date: 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-100521-085846
Scott R Nicholson, Julie E Rorrer, Avantika Singh, Mikhail O Konev, Nicholas A Rorrer, Alberta C Carpenter, Alan J Jacobsen, Yuriy Román-Leshkov, Gregg T Beckham

There is an urgent need for new technologies to enable circularity for synthetic polymers, spurred by the accumulation of waste plastics in landfills and the environment and the contributions of plastics manufacturing to climate change. Chemical recycling is a promising means to convert waste plastics into molecular intermediates that can be remanufactured into new products. Given the growing interest in the development of new chemical recycling approaches, it is critical to evaluate the economics, energy use, greenhouse gas emissions, and other life cycle inventory metrics for emerging processes,relative to the incumbent, linear manufacturing practices employed today. Here we offer specific definitions for classes of chemical recycling and upcycling and describe general process concepts for the chemical recycling of mixed plastics waste. We present a framework for techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment for both closed- and open-loop chemical recycling. Rigorous application of these process analysis tools will be required to enable impactful solutions for the plastics waste problem.

由于垃圾填埋场和环境中废塑料的积累以及塑料制造业对气候变化的贡献,迫切需要新技术来实现合成聚合物的循环。化学回收是一种很有前途的方法,可以将废塑料转化为可以再制造成新产品的分子中间体。鉴于人们对开发新的化学回收方法的兴趣日益浓厚,相对于目前采用的现有线性制造实践,评估新兴工艺的经济性、能源使用、温室气体排放和其他生命周期库存指标至关重要。在这里,我们对化学回收和升级回收的类别提供了具体的定义,并描述了混合塑料废物化学回收的一般过程概念。我们提出了一个框架的技术经济分析和生命周期评估的闭环和开环化学品回收。这些过程分析工具的严格应用将需要为塑料废物问题提供有效的解决方案。
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引用次数: 31
Transformation of Biopharmaceutical Manufacturing Through Single-Use Technologies: Current State, Remaining Challenges, and Future Development. 通过单用途技术实现生物制药制造的转型:现状、挑战和未来发展。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-030223
Jasmin J. Samaras, M. Micheletti, W. Ding
Single-use technologies have transformed conventional biopharmaceutical manufacturing, and their adoption is increasing rapidly for emerging applications like antibody-drug conjugates and cell and gene therapy products. These disruptive technologies have also had a significant impact during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, helping to advance process development to enable the manufacturing of new monoclonal antibody therapies and vaccines. Single-use systems provide closed plug-and-play solutions and enable process intensification and continuous processing. Several challenges remain, providing opportunities to advance single-use sensors and their integration with single-use systems, to develop novel plastic materials, and to standardize design for interchangeability. Because the industry is changing rapidly, a holistic analysis of the current single-use technologies is required, with a summary of the latest advancements in materials science and the implementation of these technologies in end-to-end bioprocesses.
一次性使用技术已经改变了传统的生物制药生产,并且它们在抗体药物偶联物以及细胞和基因治疗产品等新兴应用中的应用正在迅速增加。在2019年冠状病毒大流行期间,这些颠覆性技术也产生了重大影响,有助于推动工艺开发,使新的单克隆抗体疗法和疫苗得以生产。一次性使用系统提供封闭的即插即用解决方案,并实现过程强化和连续处理。一些挑战仍然存在,为推进一次性传感器及其与一次性系统的集成,开发新型塑料材料以及标准化互换性设计提供了机会。由于行业变化迅速,需要对当前的一次性技术进行全面分析,总结材料科学的最新进展以及这些技术在端到端生物过程中的应用。
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引用次数: 9
Engineering Next-Generation CAR-T Cells: Overcoming Tumor Hypoxia and Metabolism. 工程化下一代CAR-T细胞:克服肿瘤缺氧和代谢。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092120-092914
Tora Gao, Y. Chen
T cells engineered to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) have shown remarkable success in treating B-cell malignancies, reflected by multiple US Food and Drug Administration-approved CAR-T cell products currently on the market. However, various obstacles have thus far limited the use of approved products and constrained the efficacy of CAR-T cell therapy against solid tumors. Overcoming these obstacles will necessitate multidimensional CAR-T cell engineering approaches and better understanding of the intricate tumor microenvironment (TME). Key challenges include treatment-related toxicity, antigen escape and heterogeneity, and the highly immunosuppressive profile of the TME. Notably, the hypoxic and nutrient-deprived nature of the TME severely attenuates CAR-T cell fitness and efficacy, highlighting the need for more sophisticated engineering strategies. In this review, we examine recent advances in protein- and cell-engineering strategies to improve CAR-T cell safety and efficacy, with an emphasis on overcoming immunosuppression induced by tumor metabolism and hypoxia.
工程化表达嵌合抗原受体(CARs)的T细胞在治疗B细胞恶性肿瘤方面取得了显著成功,目前市场上多种美国食品和药物管理局批准的CAR-T细胞产品反映了这一点。然而,迄今为止,各种障碍限制了批准产品的使用,并限制了CAR-T细胞治疗实体瘤的疗效。克服这些障碍将需要多维CAR-T细胞工程方法和更好地理解复杂的肿瘤微环境(TME)。关键挑战包括治疗相关毒性、抗原逃逸和异质性,以及TME的高度免疫抑制特征。值得注意的是,TME的缺氧和营养缺乏性质严重削弱了CAR-T细胞的适应性和功效,这突出了对更复杂工程策略的需求。在这篇综述中,我们研究了蛋白质和细胞工程策略的最新进展,以提高CAR-T细胞的安全性和有效性,重点是克服肿瘤代谢和缺氧诱导的免疫抑制。
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引用次数: 10
Nanotherapeutics and the Brain. 纳米疗法与大脑。
IF 8.4 2区 工程技术 Q1 Chemical Engineering Pub Date : 2022-06-10 Epub Date: 2022-03-23 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-092220-030853
Andrea Joseph, Elizabeth Nance

Brain disease remains a significant health, social, and economic burden with a high failure rate of translation of therapeutics to the clinic. Nanotherapeutics have represented a promising area of technology investment to improve drug bioavailability and delivery to the brain, with several successes for nanotherapeutic use for central nervous system disease that are currently in the clinic. However, renewed and continued research on the treatment of neurological disorders is critically needed. We explore the challenges of drug delivery to the brain and the ways in which nanotherapeutics can overcome these challenges. We provide a summary and overview of general design principles that can be applied to nanotherapeutics for uptake and penetration in the brain. We next highlight remaining questions that limit the translational potential of nanotherapeutics for application in the clinic. Lastly, we provide recommendations for ongoing preclinical research to improve the overall success of nanotherapeutics against neurological disease.

脑部疾病仍然是一个重大的健康、社会和经济负担,治疗方法转化为临床的失败率很高。纳米疗法代表了一个很有前景的技术投资领域,可以改善药物的生物利用度和给大脑的输送,目前在临床上,纳米疗法在治疗中枢神经系统疾病方面取得了一些成功。然而,迫切需要对神经系统疾病的治疗进行更新和持续的研究。我们探索药物输送到大脑的挑战和纳米疗法可以克服这些挑战的方法。我们提供的一般设计原则的总结和概述,可应用于纳米治疗的摄取和渗透在大脑。我们接下来强调了限制纳米疗法在临床应用的转化潜力的剩余问题。最后,我们为正在进行的临床前研究提供建议,以提高纳米治疗神经系统疾病的总体成功率。
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引用次数: 3
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Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering
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