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Multi-Target Tracking for Autonomous Surface Vessels Using LiDAR and AIS Data Integration
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104348
Andreas von Brandis , Daniel Menges , Adil Rasheed
Autonomous Surface Vessels (ASVs) rely on advanced perception algorithms to accurately represent internal and external conditions. One of the most challenging tasks is tracking surrounding objects, especially in the presence of model and measurement uncertainties. In case of multiple dynamic obstacles, the tracking problem becomes highly important to guarantee safe navigation. Therefore, we propose a multi-target tracking algorithm based on Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) and Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. To estimate the shape of other vessels, a Numerically Stable Direct Least-Squares (NSDLS) ellipse fitting algorithm is applied to LiDAR point clouds. For that purpose, the point clouds are separated into clusters using a modified version of Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN). To improve the robustness of the tracking algorithm, the LiDAR-generated estimations are fused with AIS measurements using a Kalman Filter (KF). The motion model used for the KF enables the prediction of dynamic obstacles surrounding the ASV. This proactive awareness can be used for predictive control concepts such as Model Predictive Control. However, testing such advanced algorithms on real systems can be dangerous. A Digital Twin (DT) allows for an extendable integration of physics-based models, sensor data, and intelligent algorithms, enabling simulations in a safe environment. This work demonstrates the proposed multi-target tracking approach in a DT of an ASV, which contains vessel dynamics, sensor models, and real-world AIS data streams.
{"title":"Multi-Target Tracking for Autonomous Surface Vessels Using LiDAR and AIS Data Integration","authors":"Andreas von Brandis ,&nbsp;Daniel Menges ,&nbsp;Adil Rasheed","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104348","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104348","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autonomous Surface Vessels (ASVs) rely on advanced perception algorithms to accurately represent internal and external conditions. One of the most challenging tasks is tracking surrounding objects, especially in the presence of model and measurement uncertainties. In case of multiple dynamic obstacles, the tracking problem becomes highly important to guarantee safe navigation. Therefore, we propose a multi-target tracking algorithm based on Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) and Automatic Identification System (AIS) data. To estimate the shape of other vessels, a Numerically Stable Direct Least-Squares (NSDLS) ellipse fitting algorithm is applied to LiDAR point clouds. For that purpose, the point clouds are separated into clusters using a modified version of Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN). To improve the robustness of the tracking algorithm, the LiDAR-generated estimations are fused with AIS measurements using a Kalman Filter (KF). The motion model used for the KF enables the prediction of dynamic obstacles surrounding the ASV. This proactive awareness can be used for predictive control concepts such as Model Predictive Control. However, testing such advanced algorithms on real systems can be dangerous. A Digital Twin (DT) allows for an extendable integration of physics-based models, sensor data, and intelligent algorithms, enabling simulations in a safe environment. This work demonstrates the proposed multi-target tracking approach in a DT of an ASV, which contains vessel dynamics, sensor models, and real-world AIS data streams.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 104348"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mechanical performance after service of hybrid synthetic mooring lines for weather buoys
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104366
Peter Davies , Nicolas Lacotte , Gaspard Fourestier , Iroise Petton
Synthetic fibre ropes are increasingly popular for mooring lines of marine structures. The adoption of polyester ropes for deep water offshore platforms has resulted in a large material database, but the development of floating wind turbines has widened the scope to include more dynamic loadings and more compliant mooring lines are being developed. These are needed both for the turbines, particularly in shallow water, but also for the weather buoys which are used to obtain data on site conditions before wind park installation. This study has investigated the residual properties of weather buoy mooring lines based on hybrid fibres, polyester with polyolefin fibres. A set of lines was recovered from two shallow water sites after up to 2.5 years at sea. Significant loss of strength was measured after service, up to 50%. The reasons for this, mainly damage to external polyester fibres caused by mussel attachment, are discussed.
{"title":"Mechanical performance after service of hybrid synthetic mooring lines for weather buoys","authors":"Peter Davies ,&nbsp;Nicolas Lacotte ,&nbsp;Gaspard Fourestier ,&nbsp;Iroise Petton","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104366","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104366","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Synthetic fibre ropes are increasingly popular for mooring lines of marine structures. The adoption of polyester ropes for deep water offshore platforms has resulted in a large material database, but the development of floating wind turbines has widened the scope to include more dynamic loadings and more compliant mooring lines are being developed. These are needed both for the turbines, particularly in shallow water, but also for the weather buoys which are used to obtain data on site conditions before wind park installation. This study has investigated the residual properties of weather buoy mooring lines based on hybrid fibres, polyester with polyolefin fibres. A set of lines was recovered from two shallow water sites after up to 2.5 years at sea. Significant loss of strength was measured after service, up to 50%. The reasons for this, mainly damage to external polyester fibres caused by mussel attachment, are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 104366"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143167000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the risk of fatigue failure of structural elements exposed to bottom wave slamming – Impulse response regime
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104411
Romain Hascoët, Nicolas Jacques
This study aims to investigate whether fatigue damage induced by bottom wave slamming can be a failure mode, important to consider when sizing a marine structural element. The body exposed to wave impacts is assumed to have a shape and structural arrangement such that the duration of wave-impact loads is short relative to the structure’s vibratory response time. In this dynamical regime, fatigue is found to be a potentially important failure mechanism: accounting for the risk of failure due to fatigue damage may result in design constraints that are significantly more conservative than those based on the risk of ultimate strength exceedance. The role of fatigue damage depends on the elevation of the body. It is predominant for low elevations, for which slamming events are frequent. Since this study aims to provide general insight, the specific details of the body, such as its shape and structural arrangement, are not specified. Instead, a general framework is used for the analysis. The way forward to address a specific case study, possibly including the effects of forward and seakeeping motions, is briefly explained.
{"title":"On the risk of fatigue failure of structural elements exposed to bottom wave slamming – Impulse response regime","authors":"Romain Hascoët,&nbsp;Nicolas Jacques","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study aims to investigate whether fatigue damage induced by bottom wave slamming can be a failure mode, important to consider when sizing a marine structural element. The body exposed to wave impacts is assumed to have a shape and structural arrangement such that the duration of wave-impact loads is short relative to the structure’s vibratory response time. In this dynamical regime, fatigue is found to be a potentially important failure mechanism: accounting for the risk of failure due to fatigue damage may result in design constraints that are significantly more conservative than those based on the risk of ultimate strength exceedance. The role of fatigue damage depends on the elevation of the body. It is predominant for low elevations, for which slamming events are frequent. Since this study aims to provide general insight, the specific details of the body, such as its shape and structural arrangement, are not specified. Instead, a general framework is used for the analysis. The way forward to address a specific case study, possibly including the effects of forward and seakeeping motions, is briefly explained.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 104411"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fixed-time adaptive RBF neural network controller via minimum learning parameter for ship roll stabilization
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104403
Van Suong Nguyen , Quang Duy Nguyen , Tuan Son Le , Hai Van Dang
In this study, a fixed-time adaptive radial basis function (RBF) neural network controller is proposed for ship roll stabilization, considering fixed-time convergence, the computational burden reduction, unknown dynamics, and external disturbances. First, the fixed-time stability theory is integrated with the backstepping method to design a controller for the ship's anti-roll fin stabilizers. With this controller, the errors of the closed-loop system are ensured to converge into the origin with faster convergent time. Moreover, the settling time of the system is independent from the initial states. Second, the unknown dynamics of the ship rolling model are estimated by the RBF neural network. To reduce the computational burden of the neural control system, the minimum learning parameter (MLP) technique is incorporated into the adaptive law of the RBF neural network. Based on the Lyapunov theory, the stability of a closed-loop system is proven to be guaranteed within a fixed time. Finally, numerical simulations and comparison analyses are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed controller.
{"title":"Fixed-time adaptive RBF neural network controller via minimum learning parameter for ship roll stabilization","authors":"Van Suong Nguyen ,&nbsp;Quang Duy Nguyen ,&nbsp;Tuan Son Le ,&nbsp;Hai Van Dang","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104403","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104403","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, a fixed-time adaptive radial basis function (RBF) neural network controller is proposed for ship roll stabilization, considering fixed-time convergence, the computational burden reduction, unknown dynamics, and external disturbances. First, the fixed-time stability theory is integrated with the backstepping method to design a controller for the ship's anti-roll fin stabilizers. With this controller, the errors of the closed-loop system are ensured to converge into the origin with faster convergent time. Moreover, the settling time of the system is independent from the initial states. Second, the unknown dynamics of the ship rolling model are estimated by the RBF neural network. To reduce the computational burden of the neural control system, the minimum learning parameter (MLP) technique is incorporated into the adaptive law of the RBF neural network. Based on the Lyapunov theory, the stability of a closed-loop system is proven to be guaranteed within a fixed time. Finally, numerical simulations and comparison analyses are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed controller.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 104403"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Computational analysis of submerged submarine bow hull dynamics subjected to torpedo blunt impact and warhead detonation events
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104330
Anand Pai , Sudheendra Prabhu K. , Marcos Rodriguez-Millan , Chandrakant R. Kini , Satish Shenoy B.
In the maritime sector, ensuring the survivability of ships and submarines against diverse threats such as torpedo impacts, Underwater Explosion (UNDEX) events, and environmental factors is paramount. Comprehensive analysis of hull dynamics under various impact scenarios is essential. Numerical simulations of these impacts utilize different material models, ship grounding tests, impact modes, UNDEX simulations, and failure mechanisms. In the current study, the blunt impact of a torpedo on the submarine bow and the surface detonation effects of the torpedo warhead (at different distances from the hull) on the submarine bow structure were analyzed within an underwater enclosure. The torpedo design was based on the MK-48, with Ti6Al4V alloy used for the torpedo hull and HY-80 steel for the submarine hull. The impact simulations were conducted using ANSYS Explicit Dynamics® computational software. For the blunt impact scenario, a torpedo speed of 55 knots (102 km/h) was used. For the UNDEX studies, the warhead at the front end of the torpedo was modeled using PBX-9501 (a commonly used high explosive in warheads). The novelty of the current work was the employment of a water enclosure in the model to simulate the underwater impacts. The analysis focused on hull deformation, equivalent plastic and elastic strains, equivalent stress and damage profiles for the different impact scenarios. To effectively capture fluid–structure interactions, the study also examined pressure variations within the Eulerian domain. Among the scenarios analyzed, the near-field detonation of the warhead emerged as the most destructive, resulting in severe structural damage to the bow hull. In contrast, the blunt impact of the torpedo induced moderate plastic deformation, while the far-field detonation resulted in minimal damage.
{"title":"Computational analysis of submerged submarine bow hull dynamics subjected to torpedo blunt impact and warhead detonation events","authors":"Anand Pai ,&nbsp;Sudheendra Prabhu K. ,&nbsp;Marcos Rodriguez-Millan ,&nbsp;Chandrakant R. Kini ,&nbsp;Satish Shenoy B.","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104330","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104330","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the maritime sector, ensuring the survivability of ships and submarines against diverse threats such as torpedo impacts, Underwater Explosion (UNDEX) events, and environmental factors is paramount. Comprehensive analysis of hull dynamics under various impact scenarios is essential. Numerical simulations of these impacts utilize different material models, ship grounding tests, impact modes, UNDEX simulations, and failure mechanisms. In the current study, the blunt impact of a torpedo on the submarine bow and the surface detonation effects of the torpedo warhead (at different distances from the hull) on the submarine bow structure were analyzed within an underwater enclosure. The torpedo design was based on the MK-48, with Ti<img>6Al<img>4V alloy used for the torpedo hull and HY-80 steel for the submarine hull. The impact simulations were conducted using ANSYS Explicit Dynamics® computational software. For the blunt impact scenario, a torpedo speed of 55 knots (102 km/h) was used. For the UNDEX studies, the warhead at the front end of the torpedo was modeled using PBX-9501 (a commonly used high explosive in warheads). The novelty of the current work was the employment of a water enclosure in the model to simulate the underwater impacts. The analysis focused on hull deformation, equivalent plastic and elastic strains, equivalent stress and damage profiles for the different impact scenarios. To effectively capture fluid–structure interactions, the study also examined pressure variations within the Eulerian domain. Among the scenarios analyzed, the near-field detonation of the warhead emerged as the most destructive, resulting in severe structural damage to the bow hull. In contrast, the blunt impact of the torpedo induced moderate plastic deformation, while the far-field detonation resulted in minimal damage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 104330"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Coastal storm surge amplification by wave radiation stress: The case study of 2015 Typhoon Soudelor in East Taiwan
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104370
Yu-Lin Tsai , Tso-Ren Wu , Philip Li-Fan Liu , Yi-Cheng Teng , Hwa Chien , Hao-Yuan Cheng
This study investigated the coastal storm surges along the east coast of Taiwan during the passage of Typhoon Soudelor in 2015, which was a representative typhoon event making landfall from eastern Taiwan. A new coupled surge-tide-wave model was developed to simulate storm surges, tides, and wind waves from offshore to nearshore regions. The hindcast simulation was driven by the global reanalysis winds, and the input wind data and the simulation results were validated using the observations from tide gauges and marine buoys. The simulation results captured the spatial and temporal variations of storm surges, predicting the peak water levels and their arrival times accurately. Comparisons between the model simulations with and without considering waves revealed that the wave-induced radiation stresses contributed significantly to the peak surges, amplifying them by 30–50% at several tide gauge locations along the east coast of Taiwan. The intensity of radiation stress gradients was found to be 20–80 times larger than that of wind shear stresses and sea-level atmospheric pressure gradients within the surf zones at the time of Typhoon Soudelor's landfall in Taiwan. Moreover, the overall contribution of radiation stresses to storm surges was found to amplify storm tides by 23.3% to 31.5% along the east coast of Taiwan.
{"title":"Coastal storm surge amplification by wave radiation stress: The case study of 2015 Typhoon Soudelor in East Taiwan","authors":"Yu-Lin Tsai ,&nbsp;Tso-Ren Wu ,&nbsp;Philip Li-Fan Liu ,&nbsp;Yi-Cheng Teng ,&nbsp;Hwa Chien ,&nbsp;Hao-Yuan Cheng","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104370","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104370","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated the coastal storm surges along the east coast of Taiwan during the passage of Typhoon Soudelor in 2015, which was a representative typhoon event making landfall from eastern Taiwan. A new coupled surge-tide-wave model was developed to simulate storm surges, tides, and wind waves from offshore to nearshore regions. The hindcast simulation was driven by the global reanalysis winds, and the input wind data and the simulation results were validated using the observations from tide gauges and marine buoys. The simulation results captured the spatial and temporal variations of storm surges, predicting the peak water levels and their arrival times accurately. Comparisons between the model simulations with and without considering waves revealed that the wave-induced radiation stresses contributed significantly to the peak surges, amplifying them by 30–50% at several tide gauge locations along the east coast of Taiwan. The intensity of radiation stress gradients was found to be 20–80 times larger than that of wind shear stresses and sea-level atmospheric pressure gradients within the surf zones at the time of Typhoon Soudelor's landfall in Taiwan. Moreover, the overall contribution of radiation stresses to storm surges was found to amplify storm tides by 23.3% to 31.5% along the east coast of Taiwan.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 104370"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hybrid data-driven long-term wave analysis in the southern Coral Sea, Australia
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104374
Mingyuan Ma , Gaelle Faivre , Darrell Strauss , Daryl Metters , Hong Zhang
This paper investigates the long-term statistical characteristics of waves in the southern Coral Sea, Australia. Measured and simulated datasets from three representative sites, including both nearshore and offshore locations, were utilised. The study focuses on wave conditions with highly frequent observations and the forecast of extreme events. To address data gaps, an innovative artificial neural network model is proposed to fill in missing data points. The uncertainty in the statistical results due to seasonal variability is also assessed. The analysed results indicate that the wave climate in the southern Coral Sea shows distinct seasonal differences, but stationary stochasticity can still be applied in data analysis. For the studied sites, the lognormal distribution is suitable for describing the frequently observed wave conditions, while a GEV-GP two-part distribution model may provide an improved and flexible fitting for extreme events, albeit with wide confidence intervals. In addition, under a given recurrence period, as the significant wave height Hs approaches the maxima, the variation in the mean zero up-crossing wave periods Tz tends to concentrate within a narrow range (indicating medium-distance swell dominance), while the variation in Tz spans a wider range (indicating the presence of either wind waves or swells) when Hs is smaller. These findings enhance our understanding of wave statistics and extreme events and provide valuable insights for the design of coastal and offshore structures, as well as other research related to wave climate.
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引用次数: 0
Dynamic characteristics of monopile offshore wind turbine with different equivalent pile foundation boundaries under winds, waves and earthquakes
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104391
Yuguo Song , Dongzhe Lu , Jingjing Zuo , Wenhua Wang , Xin Li
The seismic excitations are potential hazards for offshore wind turbines located in earthquake prone zone. To investigate the dynamic characteristics of bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines (OWTs) under earthquakes, the influence of aerodynamic, hydrodynamic loads and pile foundation flexibilities is non-negligible. Hence, in this study, the fully coupled simulation tool FAST V8 for OWTs under earthquakes is updated based on the devised equations and the rotor-nacelle-assembly-tower-substructure numerical models considering different boundary conditions are established. The natural modes of a monopile substructure are compared to validate the accuracy of the established numerical model in the updated FAST V8. Subsequently, the OWT structural dynamic responses with different foundation boundary conditions under the combination of winds and waves, the combination of winds, waves, and earthquakes are analyzed and discussed, and a short-term damage equivalent load is adopted to assess the effect of pile foundation flexibility on OWTs. Finally, it is pointed out that the different foundation boundary constraint conditions have obvious influence on the OWT dynamic responses, especially for the model with coupled spring boundary condition under the action of earthquakes, the effect of second order frequency is more significant. In addition, the influence of different environmental loading frequencies on the OWT structure can also be observed.
{"title":"Dynamic characteristics of monopile offshore wind turbine with different equivalent pile foundation boundaries under winds, waves and earthquakes","authors":"Yuguo Song ,&nbsp;Dongzhe Lu ,&nbsp;Jingjing Zuo ,&nbsp;Wenhua Wang ,&nbsp;Xin Li","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104391","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104391","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The seismic excitations are potential hazards for offshore wind turbines located in earthquake prone zone. To investigate the dynamic characteristics of bottom-fixed offshore wind turbines (OWTs) under earthquakes, the influence of aerodynamic, hydrodynamic loads and pile foundation flexibilities is non-negligible. Hence, in this study, the fully coupled simulation tool FAST V8 for OWTs under earthquakes is updated based on the devised equations and the rotor-nacelle-assembly-tower-substructure numerical models considering different boundary conditions are established. The natural modes of a monopile substructure are compared to validate the accuracy of the established numerical model in the updated FAST V8. Subsequently, the OWT structural dynamic responses with different foundation boundary conditions under the combination of winds and waves, the combination of winds, waves, and earthquakes are analyzed and discussed, and a short-term damage equivalent load is adopted to assess the effect of pile foundation flexibility on OWTs. Finally, it is pointed out that the different foundation boundary constraint conditions have obvious influence on the OWT dynamic responses, especially for the model with coupled spring boundary condition under the action of earthquakes, the effect of second order frequency is more significant. In addition, the influence of different environmental loading frequencies on the OWT structure can also be observed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 104391"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigation into the flow characteristics of supercavities and comparison of the incoming flow method and the overset mesh method
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104400
Yuchang Zhi , Lianzhou Wang , Ning Liang , Baixin Cheng
The study aims to establish a simulation method for the forward motion of supercavities around underwater vehicles, laying the foundation for investigating the flow characteristics of supercavities under complex motion conditions. Two methods, namely the overset mesh method and the incoming flow method, are employed to simulate supercavities. In the overset mesh method, the fluid remains stationary, and the model follows the overset mesh region to move forward. Conversely, the incoming flow method keeps the overset mesh region stationary while the fluid attains velocity. Both approaches effectively capture the flow characteristics of supercavities, encompassing geometric shapes, gas leakage modes, and internal flow structures. These simulations demonstrate a commendable agreement with experimental results. Moreover, it is observed that the re-entrant jet leakage mode exhibits a higher level of complexity and unsteadiness in comparison to the twin-vortex tube leakage mode. The internal flow structures of the supercavity can be categorized into three typical regions: the reverse region, the boundary layer region, and the ventilation influence region. These findings contribute valuable insights into understanding and predicting the behavior of supercavities under various motion conditions.
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引用次数: 0
Generation of navigation database using AIS data for remote situational awareness of coastal vessels
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104401
Chaewon Kim , Seonghun Hong , Jeonghong Park , Jinwoo Choi , Hye-Jin Kim
Automatic identification system (AIS) data obtained from vessel traffic service (VTS) centers can be used for maritime traffic analysis and management as they include various useful information pertaining to each vessel navigated in the control area of VTS centers. This study presents a systematic procedure to generate a database (DB) using historical AIS data for learning the navigation patterns of coastal vessels and applying them to remote situational awareness. A hierarchical navigation DB structure is designed to simultaneously include the positional and kinematic attributes of AIS data classified based on vessel type and length class. Statistical parameterizations are performed to efficiently represent the positional and kinematic attributes in the DB space. Experimental results based on an actual AIS dataset obtained from a VTS center are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of the proposed method for remote situational awareness.
{"title":"Generation of navigation database using AIS data for remote situational awareness of coastal vessels","authors":"Chaewon Kim ,&nbsp;Seonghun Hong ,&nbsp;Jeonghong Park ,&nbsp;Jinwoo Choi ,&nbsp;Hye-Jin Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104401","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2024.104401","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Automatic identification system (AIS) data obtained from vessel traffic service (VTS) centers can be used for maritime traffic analysis and management as they include various useful information pertaining to each vessel navigated in the control area of VTS centers. This study presents a systematic procedure to generate a database (DB) using historical AIS data for learning the navigation patterns of coastal vessels and applying them to remote situational awareness. A hierarchical navigation DB structure is designed to simultaneously include the positional and kinematic attributes of AIS data classified based on vessel type and length class. Statistical parameterizations are performed to efficiently represent the positional and kinematic attributes in the DB space. Experimental results based on an actual AIS dataset obtained from a VTS center are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and usefulness of the proposed method for remote situational awareness.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"154 ","pages":"Article 104401"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143166951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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Applied Ocean Research
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