Forecasting underwater acoustic propagation in oceanic frontal areas is a difficult task due to their unstable dynamics. In this work, we propose to fit a Gaussian Process model, with a kernel derived from a structure model, to infer the position of the front from profiler data. Samples from the Gaussian Process can be used to generate sound-speed fields. Parabolic equation simulations on those samples show a good agreement with experimental acoustic data in propagation parallel to and across the front. As it can be intuitively expected, the discrepancy is a bit higher for across-front propagation due to strong range-dependence. However, these discrepancies are statistically due to Gaussian Process samples which proportion do not exceed 10% of the simulated data.
{"title":"Gaussian process estimation of underwater acoustic fluctuations: Experimental validation on the Iceland–Faroe polar front","authors":"Alexandre L’Her , Angélique Drémeau , David Dellong , Pierre-Antoine Dumont , Yann Stéphan","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104908","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104908","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forecasting underwater acoustic propagation in oceanic frontal areas is a difficult task due to their unstable dynamics. In this work, we propose to fit a Gaussian Process model, with a kernel derived from a structure model, to infer the position of the front from profiler data. Samples from the Gaussian Process can be used to generate sound-speed fields. Parabolic equation simulations on those samples show a good agreement with experimental acoustic data in propagation parallel to and across the front. As it can be intuitively expected, the discrepancy is a bit higher for across-front propagation due to strong range-dependence. However, these discrepancies are statistically due to Gaussian Process samples which proportion do not exceed 10% of the simulated data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 104908"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2026.104954
Dhyaa A.H. Abualghethe , Baogang Mu , Guoliang Dai , Zhongwei Li , Adam A.Q. Mohammed , Amr M.A. Moussa
Accurate and efficient estimation of soil parameters is critical for the safe and successful construction of super-large caisson foundations, which are increasingly utilized in major infrastructure projects. Conventional in situ and laboratory methods are often slow, costly, and unable to capture dynamic soil–structure interactions during the sinking process. This study proposes a novel hybrid framework that integrates 3D finite element modeling (FEM), Uniform Design theory, and advanced machine learning (ML) for high-precision back-analysis of soil parameters. The approach is validated using the south anchorage of the super-large rectangular caisson in the Nanjing Longtan Yangtze River Bridge project. A total of 550 FEM simulations were conducted under varying soil parameter scenarios, generating corresponding stress responses. These stress–parameter pairs trained ML models to predict soil parameters from new stress data, enabling efficient back-analysis. The dataset was further augmented to 1550 samples using an ML-based synthetic data generation scheme that preserved key parameter correlations. Eighteen ML algorithms were compared; Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Target-Specific Extra Trees (TSET) achieved the highest predictive accuracy (R² ≥ 0.98), with LightGBM performing best (R² = 0.987, MAPE = 1.68%, RSR = 0.016, VAF = 98.66%). The framework successfully captured the complex nonlinear relationships between stress responses and underlying soil properties, yielding results that aligned closely with independent geotechnical investigation reports. This validated approach provides a powerful tool for the proactive failure analysis of design assumptions, offering significant practical implications for risk assessment, failure prevention, and risk mitigation in large-scale foundation engineering.
大型沉箱基础在重大基础设施工程中的应用越来越广泛，准确、高效的土体参数估算对于大型沉箱基础的安全、成功施工至关重要。传统的原位和实验室方法通常是缓慢的，昂贵的，并且无法捕捉在下沉过程中土-结构的动态相互作用。本研究提出了一种新的混合框架，该框架集成了三维有限元建模（FEM）、均匀设计理论和先进的机器学习（ML），用于土壤参数的高精度反分析。以南京龙滩长江大桥特大矩形沉箱南锚固为例，对该方法进行了验证。在不同的土体参数下，共进行了550次有限元模拟，得到了相应的应力响应。这些应力参数对训练ML模型，从新的应力数据中预测土壤参数，从而实现高效的反分析。使用基于ml的合成数据生成方案进一步将数据集扩展到1550个样本，该方案保留了关键参数的相关性。比较了18种ML算法；Light Gradient Boosting Machine （LightGBM）、Extreme Gradient Boosting （XGBoost）和Target-Specific Extra Trees （TSET）的预测准确率最高（R²≥0.98），其中LightGBM的预测准确率最高（R²= 0.987,MAPE = 1.68%, RSR = 0.016, VAF = 98.66%）。该框架成功地捕获了应力响应与底层土壤特性之间复杂的非线性关系，其结果与独立的岩土工程调查报告密切相关。这种有效的方法为设计假设的主动失效分析提供了强有力的工具，为大型基础工程的风险评估、失效预防和风险缓解提供了重要的实际意义。
{"title":"Hybrid FEM–machine learning framework for back-analysis of spatially varying soil parameters in super-large caisson foundation","authors":"Dhyaa A.H. Abualghethe , Baogang Mu , Guoliang Dai , Zhongwei Li , Adam A.Q. Mohammed , Amr M.A. Moussa","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104954","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104954","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate and efficient estimation of soil parameters is critical for the safe and successful construction of super-large caisson foundations, which are increasingly utilized in major infrastructure projects. Conventional in situ and laboratory methods are often slow, costly, and unable to capture dynamic soil–structure interactions during the sinking process. This study proposes a novel hybrid framework that integrates 3D finite element modeling (FEM), Uniform Design theory, and advanced machine learning (ML) for high-precision back-analysis of soil parameters. The approach is validated using the south anchorage of the super-large rectangular caisson in the Nanjing Longtan Yangtze River Bridge project. A total of 550 FEM simulations were conducted under varying soil parameter scenarios, generating corresponding stress responses. These stress–parameter pairs trained ML models to predict soil parameters from new stress data, enabling efficient back-analysis. The dataset was further augmented to 1550 samples using an ML-based synthetic data generation scheme that preserved key parameter correlations. Eighteen ML algorithms were compared; Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Target-Specific Extra Trees (TSET) achieved the highest predictive accuracy (R² ≥ 0.98), with LightGBM performing best (R² = 0.987, MAPE = 1.68%, RSR = 0.016, VAF = 98.66%). The framework successfully captured the complex nonlinear relationships between stress responses and underlying soil properties, yielding results that aligned closely with independent geotechnical investigation reports. This validated approach provides a powerful tool for the proactive failure analysis of design assumptions, offering significant practical implications for risk assessment, failure prevention, and risk mitigation in large-scale foundation engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 104954"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2026.104950
Zhongyuan Ma , Zhiyong Pei , Chunfeng Zhou
Ships experience time-varying dynamic loads during navigation, including periodic wave load and slamming load. This study investigates the dynamic collapse behavior of a typical ship plate through theoretical and numerical analyses. Dynamic instability loads of the rectangular plate are calculated based on dynamic stability theory, while the slamming response is analyzed using elastic plate dynamic equations, focusing on damping and static load effects. Additionally, the structural elastoplastic dynamic response is simulated using nonlinear finite element method, identifying structural collapse modes under critical slamming load and exploring the influences of slamming duration and periodic loading. Results indicate that periodic loading significantly reduces the critical slamming load, where dynamic instability induces plastic accumulation in the structure, leading to a rapid reduction in its slamming load-bearing capacity. This study provides guidance for analyzing the dynamic response and ultimate strength of hull structures under dynamic wave conditions.
{"title":"Dynamic collapse characteristics of rectangular plate under periodic load and slamming load","authors":"Zhongyuan Ma , Zhiyong Pei , Chunfeng Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104950","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104950","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ships experience time-varying dynamic loads during navigation, including periodic wave load and slamming load. This study investigates the dynamic collapse behavior of a typical ship plate through theoretical and numerical analyses. Dynamic instability loads of the rectangular plate are calculated based on dynamic stability theory, while the slamming response is analyzed using elastic plate dynamic equations, focusing on damping and static load effects. Additionally, the structural elastoplastic dynamic response is simulated using nonlinear finite element method, identifying structural collapse modes under critical slamming load and exploring the influences of slamming duration and periodic loading. Results indicate that periodic loading significantly reduces the critical slamming load, where dynamic instability induces plastic accumulation in the structure, leading to a rapid reduction in its slamming load-bearing capacity. This study provides guidance for analyzing the dynamic response and ultimate strength of hull structures under dynamic wave conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 104950"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To facilitate rapid construction and improve the structural mechanical property and wave dissipation performance of breakwaters, a new type of permeable breakwater installed with prefabricated self-centering wave walls (SCWWs) is proposed in this study. A 1/5-scaled physical model is designed and tested in a large wave flume under regular waves to investigate wave force characteristics, structure response, as well as wave dissipation performance of the proposed breakwater. Experimental results show that the wave force and displacement responses of SCWWs exhibit periodic characteristics, with the positive wave force and positive rotation displacement under wave crest conditions being dominant. The proposed breakwater remains damage-free, and SCWWs can always return to the original position even under large wave heights thanks to self-centering capability. The experimental wave pressure distribution on SCWWs agrees well with the theoretical solutions. Wave forces acting on SCWWs increase obviously with relative wave height, while wave period has a limited influence. The proposed breakwater exhibits favorable wave dissipation performance, attributed to the energy dissipation function provided by the bottom horizontal platform, openings in SCWWs, and middle chamber. Parametric studies demonstrate that relative wave height and water depth significantly affect the transmission and reflection coefficients by promoting wave overtopping, and wave steepness enhances wave energy dissipation capacity.
{"title":"Large-scale experimental study on hydrodynamic performance of a permeable breakwater with prefabricated self-centering wave walls","authors":"Yangchao Ru , Shimin Huang , Huanjun Jiang , Xu Zhao , Liusheng He","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104930","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104930","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To facilitate rapid construction and improve the structural mechanical property and wave dissipation performance of breakwaters, a new type of permeable breakwater installed with prefabricated self-centering wave walls (SCWWs) is proposed in this study. A 1/5-scaled physical model is designed and tested in a large wave flume under regular waves to investigate wave force characteristics, structure response, as well as wave dissipation performance of the proposed breakwater. Experimental results show that the wave force and displacement responses of SCWWs exhibit periodic characteristics, with the positive wave force and positive rotation displacement under wave crest conditions being dominant. The proposed breakwater remains damage-free, and SCWWs can always return to the original position even under large wave heights thanks to self-centering capability. The experimental wave pressure distribution on SCWWs agrees well with the theoretical solutions. Wave forces acting on SCWWs increase obviously with relative wave height, while wave period has a limited influence. The proposed breakwater exhibits favorable wave dissipation performance, attributed to the energy dissipation function provided by the bottom horizontal platform, openings in SCWWs, and middle chamber. Parametric studies demonstrate that relative wave height and water depth significantly affect the transmission and reflection coefficients by promoting wave overtopping, and wave steepness enhances wave energy dissipation capacity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"167 ","pages":"Article 104930"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146025851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104901
Connor Pearson , Nicola Shepherd , Mark Battley , Tom Allen
To better replicate in-service water impacts, experimental tests include several features to restrict flow and produce a quasi-two-dimensional environment. However, such experimental tests are large, complex, expensive to conduct, and the practicalities of real-world testing result in the introduction of three-dimensional flow behaviour, which is often not considered. This work presents the development of a numerical slamming tank to predict impact forces and pressure distributions of an experimental testing setup with artificially restricted flow, which has until now been treated as purely two-dimensional. The development of this model was informed by a review of the state-of-the-art modelling methodologies for water impacts, which indicates that a dynamic layering mesh technique is the most-promising for restricted flow environments. Results for the numerical slamming tank are compared against experimental measurements and purely two-dimensional analytical predictions of a 10 deadrise quasi-rigid panel at nominally constant impact velocities of 2.0 m/s, 4.0 m/s, and 6.0 m/s. Results confirm the significance of three-dimensional flow behaviour within experimental testing setups, with reductions of peak force and peak pressures of 95–115% and 39.4% respectively compared to purely two-dimensional predictions. This represents the first work that uses numerical methods to successfully reproduce and investigate the true three-dimensional flow behaviour present in real-world quasi-two-dimensional experimental tests. It is recommended that future works consider the effects of three-dimensional flow behaviour to properly validate and analyse the results any quasi-two-dimensional experimental tests.
{"title":"On the development of a numerical slamming tank to replicate quasi-two-dimensional experimental water impacts","authors":"Connor Pearson , Nicola Shepherd , Mark Battley , Tom Allen","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104901","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104901","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To better replicate in-service water impacts, experimental tests include several features to restrict flow and produce a quasi-two-dimensional environment. However, such experimental tests are large, complex, expensive to conduct, and the practicalities of real-world testing result in the introduction of three-dimensional flow behaviour, which is often not considered. This work presents the development of a numerical slamming tank to predict impact forces and pressure distributions of an experimental testing setup with artificially restricted flow, which has until now been treated as purely two-dimensional. The development of this model was informed by a review of the state-of-the-art modelling methodologies for water impacts, which indicates that a dynamic layering mesh technique is the most-promising for restricted flow environments. Results for the numerical slamming tank are compared against experimental measurements and purely two-dimensional analytical predictions of a 10<span><math><mo>°</mo></math></span> deadrise quasi-rigid panel at nominally constant impact velocities of 2.0 m/s, 4.0 m/s, and 6.0 m/s. Results confirm the significance of three-dimensional flow behaviour within experimental testing setups, with reductions of peak force and peak pressures of 95–115% and 39.4% respectively compared to purely two-dimensional predictions. This represents the first work that uses numerical methods to successfully reproduce and investigate the true three-dimensional flow behaviour present in real-world quasi-two-dimensional experimental tests. It is recommended that future works consider the effects of three-dimensional flow behaviour to properly validate and analyse the results any quasi-two-dimensional experimental tests.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 104901"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the experimental results of the dynamic response of a submerged floating tunnel (SFT) under wave action using a constrained truncated model. To achieve equivalence in dynamic behavior to that of the prototype SFT, the truncated model is fitted with specially designed mechanical devices which are used to adjust the horizontal, vertical, and rotational stiffnesses at the boundaries of the truncated model according to the numerical results of the prototype structure. In the experiments, the displacement and mooring tension of the model structure were measured under different incident wave conditions and boundary constraints. The results confirm that, compared to a free section, the constrained truncated section has a higher natural frequency. Its first-order horizontal natural frequency, fS, and 2fS, were 0.43 Hz and 0.86 Hz, respectively, both of which fall within the range of the incident wave frequencies in the experiment. As a result, both wave-frequency resonance and half-wave frequency instability were observed in the experiment. The amplitude of the half-wave frequency motion was significantly smaller than that under free boundary conditions. The analysis of mooring tension further revealed that under constrained boundary conditions, the phase difference of the mooring tensions between the mooring lines on both sides is significantly larger than that under free boundary conditions, and the tension amplitude also increased considerably. Additionally, under high wave height conditions, mooring cables experienced slack-taut process, with positive amplitudes reaching 3.2 and 2.8 times the initial tension for the seaward and leeward sides, respectively.
{"title":"Physical modeling of a submerged floating tunnel with equivalent truncation","authors":"Weidong Chen , Gancheng Zhu , Ping Dong , Pengzhi Lin , Bing Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104909","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104909","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper presents the experimental results of the dynamic response of a submerged floating tunnel (SFT) under wave action using a constrained truncated model. To achieve equivalence in dynamic behavior to that of the prototype SFT, the truncated model is fitted with specially designed mechanical devices which are used to adjust the horizontal, vertical, and rotational stiffnesses at the boundaries of the truncated model according to the numerical results of the prototype structure. In the experiments, the displacement and mooring tension of the model structure were measured under different incident wave conditions and boundary constraints. The results confirm that, compared to a free section, the constrained truncated section has a higher natural frequency. Its first-order horizontal natural frequency, <em>f</em><sub>S</sub>, and 2<em>f</em><sub>S</sub>, were 0.43 Hz and 0.86 Hz, respectively, both of which fall within the range of the incident wave frequencies in the experiment. As a result, both wave-frequency resonance and half-wave frequency instability were observed in the experiment. The amplitude of the half-wave frequency motion was significantly smaller than that under free boundary conditions. The analysis of mooring tension further revealed that under constrained boundary conditions, the phase difference of the mooring tensions between the mooring lines on both sides is significantly larger than that under free boundary conditions, and the tension amplitude also increased considerably. Additionally, under high wave height conditions, mooring cables experienced slack-taut process, with positive amplitudes reaching 3.2 and 2.8 times the initial tension for the seaward and leeward sides, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 104909"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-06DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104900
Myung-Su Yi , Dong-Hun Lee , Joo-Shin Park
Jack-up drilling rigs play are essential for offshore oil and gas exploration, with their leg structures subjects to significant static and dynamic loads. Increasing operational demands in deeper waters and harsher environments necessitate a structural integrity assessment, particularly under accidental impact scenarios. This study conducts an advanced nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis of jack-up rig leg collisions with offshore supply vessels using high-fidelity impact modeling, explicit dynamic simulations, and strain-rate-dependent plasticity models in LS-DYNA. The study evaluates collisions at various angles and energy levels, incorporating state-of-the-art material failure criteria, adaptive meshing techniques, and energy dissipation mechanisms. Results indicate that the current 35 MJ impact energy requirement specified by DNV may not be uniformly applicable to all structural members. Particularly, in brace collisions where local plastic deformation and stress redistribution significantly influence failure patterns. These findings emphasize the need for scenario-specific collision energy thresholds and potential reinforcement strategies to enhance jack-up rig survivability. This research contributes to the development of offshore structural resilience frameworks, providing valuable insights for classification societies, offshore engineering applications, and future digital twin-based predictive models for collision risk assessment.
{"title":"Towards adaptive collision energy standards for offshore jack-up legs: A structural failure mechanics perspective","authors":"Myung-Su Yi , Dong-Hun Lee , Joo-Shin Park","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104900","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104900","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Jack-up drilling rigs play are essential for offshore oil and gas exploration, with their leg structures subjects to significant static and dynamic loads. Increasing operational demands in deeper waters and harsher environments necessitate a structural integrity assessment, particularly under accidental impact scenarios. This study conducts an advanced nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis of jack-up rig leg collisions with offshore supply vessels using high-fidelity impact modeling, explicit dynamic simulations, and strain-rate-dependent plasticity models in LS-DYNA. The study evaluates collisions at various angles and energy levels, incorporating state-of-the-art material failure criteria, adaptive meshing techniques, and energy dissipation mechanisms. Results indicate that the current 35 MJ impact energy requirement specified by DNV may not be uniformly applicable to all structural members. Particularly, in brace collisions where local plastic deformation and stress redistribution significantly influence failure patterns. These findings emphasize the need for scenario-specific collision energy thresholds and potential reinforcement strategies to enhance jack-up rig survivability. This research contributes to the development of offshore structural resilience frameworks, providing valuable insights for classification societies, offshore engineering applications, and future digital twin-based predictive models for collision risk assessment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 104900"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-04DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104859
Meysam Khodaei , Ahmed Reda , Adam Schwartzkopff , Ali Karrech
Corrosion-resistant alloy (CRA) liner wrinkling and strain localisation at the triple point present significant challenges to the structural integrity of mechanically lined pipes (MLPs), particularly in girth-welded and weld overlay configurations subjected to bending. This study combines numerical and experimental approaches to evaluate the onset of liner wrinkling and strain localisation at critical weld interfaces. A finite element model (FEM) was developed in ABAQUS and validated against full-scale bending test (FSBT) results. The FEM accurately predicted the mechanical response of MLPs, including wrinkling initiation, deformation patterns, and local axial strains in the triple point region. Strong agreement was achieved between numerical predictions and experimental data, with wrinkling initiation occurring at global tensile strains above the acceptance criteria defined by the Det Norske Veritas (DNV) Joint Industry Project (JIP) guidelines. A parametric study further explored the influence of weld overlay length and internal pressure on wrinkle formation and strain localisation. The results show that while weld overlay length has little effect on wrinkling onset, its local stiffening reduces strain localisation near the triple point. In contrast, internal pressure has a pronounced stabilising effect, substantially delaying liner wrinkling and allowing the pipe to withstand higher bending strains before instability occurs.
{"title":"Numerical and experimental investigation of liner wrinkling and strain localisation in mechanically lined pipes under bending","authors":"Meysam Khodaei , Ahmed Reda , Adam Schwartzkopff , Ali Karrech","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104859","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104859","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corrosion-resistant alloy (CRA) liner wrinkling and strain localisation at the triple point present significant challenges to the structural integrity of mechanically lined pipes (MLPs), particularly in girth-welded and weld overlay configurations subjected to bending. This study combines numerical and experimental approaches to evaluate the onset of liner wrinkling and strain localisation at critical weld interfaces. A finite element model (FEM) was developed in ABAQUS and validated against full-scale bending test (FSBT) results. The FEM accurately predicted the mechanical response of MLPs, including wrinkling initiation, deformation patterns, and local axial strains in the triple point region. Strong agreement was achieved between numerical predictions and experimental data, with wrinkling initiation occurring at global tensile strains above the acceptance criteria defined by the Det Norske Veritas (DNV) Joint Industry Project (JIP) guidelines. A parametric study further explored the influence of weld overlay length and internal pressure on wrinkle formation and strain localisation. The results show that while weld overlay length has little effect on wrinkling onset, its local stiffening reduces strain localisation near the triple point. In contrast, internal pressure has a pronounced stabilising effect, substantially delaying liner wrinkling and allowing the pipe to withstand higher bending strains before instability occurs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 104859"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145683711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-09DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2026.104919
Vitaliy Zemlyak , Alexandra Pogorelova , Victor Kozin
This study investigates the lift force dynamics on a slender body moving near a free water surface or an ice sheet. Combining experimental and theoretical approaches, the research examines two types of motion: uniform motion at constant velocity and deceleration from a given velocity to rest. The experiments were carried out a 14 m × 3 m × 1 m ice tank, with a freshwater ice cover formed under low air temperature conditions. Theoretically, the problem is solved within the framework of the linear wave theory, using the source-sink method for modeling the flow surface of a slender axisymmetric body. The influence of length-to-diameter ratios L/D = 6 – 14 and the slender body deceleration on the change in lift force depending on time, velocity, and ice plate thickness was investigated. The study also identifies the conditions under which the lift force reverses sign during deceleration, a phenomenon that can lead to a dangerous proximity to the ice surface.
本文研究了在自由水面或冰盖附近运动的细长物体的升力动力学。结合实验和理论方法，研究了两种类型的运动：匀速运动和从给定速度到静止的减速。实验在低温条件下形成淡水冰盖的14 m × 3 m × 1 m冰槽中进行。从理论上讲，该问题是在线性波动理论的框架内解决的，采用源汇法对细长轴对称体的流动表面进行建模。研究了长径比L/D = 6 ~ 14和细长体减速对升力随时间、速度和冰板厚度变化的影响。该研究还确定了在减速过程中升力反转的条件，这种现象可能导致危险的接近冰面。
{"title":"Lift force during deceleration of underwater slender body with various length-to-diameter ratios","authors":"Vitaliy Zemlyak , Alexandra Pogorelova , Victor Kozin","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104919","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2026.104919","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the lift force dynamics on a slender body moving near a free water surface or an ice sheet. Combining experimental and theoretical approaches, the research examines two types of motion: uniform motion at constant velocity and deceleration from a given velocity to rest. The experiments were carried out a 14 <em>m</em> × 3 <em>m</em> × 1 m ice tank, with a freshwater ice cover formed under low air temperature conditions. Theoretically, the problem is solved within the framework of the linear wave theory, using the source-sink method for modeling the flow surface of a slender axisymmetric body. The influence of length-to-diameter ratios <em>L</em>/<em>D</em> = 6 – 14 and the slender body deceleration on the change in lift force depending on time, velocity, and ice plate thickness was investigated. The study also identifies the conditions under which the lift force reverses sign during deceleration, a phenomenon that can lead to a dangerous proximity to the ice surface.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 104919"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-08DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104914
Ashebir Dingeto Hailu , Ming-Jyh Chern , Desta Goytom Tewolde , Fandi D. Suprianto , Heng-Chuan Kan
A 3D LES turbulent flow model is utilized to explore the Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) response of a spinning cylinder and wake structure interaction at a Reynolds number of 10,000. The objective of the study is to identify optimal parameters that maximize the energy harvesting efficiency of VIV of the rotating circular cylinder. Specifically, this study analyzes the influence of cylinder rotation, damping ratio, and mass damping parameter on the amplitude response. Key performance parameters, including amplitude response, hydrodynamic force coefficient, and energy harvesting efficiency, are analyzed to understand the influence of rotation on flow-induced motion. The analysis reveals that the spinning of the cylinder induces dominant vibrations around a negatively displaced equilibrium position. A higher damping ratio leads to a higher maximum efficiency of the vibrating spinning cylinder, whereas a small damping ratio results in larger amplitude responses but reduced efficiency. For energy-harvesting applications, the optimal damping ratio at a spin ratio of 2 is found to be 0.05. Moreover, the optimal spin ratio for energy harvesting lies within the range . The energy harvesting efficiency increases with spin ratio, peaking at approximately 28.5% when , which represents an improvement of around 48.5% over the non-rotating case. However, for , the amplitude response is suppressed, making it inapplicable for energy harvesting. These findings highlight the potential of utilizing vibrating rotating circular systems to significantly improve the performance of clean energy harvesting.
{"title":"Numerical study of vortex-induced vibration energy harvesting using a spinning cylinder","authors":"Ashebir Dingeto Hailu , Ming-Jyh Chern , Desta Goytom Tewolde , Fandi D. Suprianto , Heng-Chuan Kan","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104914","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104914","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 3D LES turbulent flow model is utilized to explore the Vortex Induced Vibration (VIV) response of a spinning cylinder and wake structure interaction at a Reynolds number of 10,000. The objective of the study is to identify optimal parameters that maximize the energy harvesting efficiency of VIV of the rotating circular cylinder. Specifically, this study analyzes the influence of cylinder rotation, damping ratio, and mass damping parameter on the amplitude response. Key performance parameters, including amplitude response, hydrodynamic force coefficient, and energy harvesting efficiency, are analyzed to understand the influence of rotation on flow-induced motion. The analysis reveals that the spinning of the cylinder induces dominant vibrations around a negatively displaced equilibrium position. A higher damping ratio leads to a higher maximum efficiency of the vibrating spinning cylinder, whereas a small damping ratio results in larger amplitude responses but reduced efficiency. For energy-harvesting applications, the optimal damping ratio at a spin ratio of 2 is found to be 0.05. Moreover, the optimal spin ratio for energy harvesting lies within the range <span><math><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>≤</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>≤</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span>. The energy harvesting efficiency increases with spin ratio, peaking at approximately 28.5% when <span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span>, which represents an improvement of around 48.5% over the non-rotating case. However, for <span><math><mrow><mi>α</mi><mo>></mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math></span>, the amplitude response is suppressed, making it inapplicable for energy harvesting. These findings highlight the potential of utilizing vibrating rotating circular systems to significantly improve the performance of clean energy harvesting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"166 ","pages":"Article 104914"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145921083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号