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Hydrodynamic performance comparison of planing catamarans with mono-hulls using numerical and experimental methods 使用数值和实验方法比较单体船的双体船水动力性能
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104283
Milad Shajaripour, Hamid Zeraatgar
This study addresses the hydrodynamic performance of high-speed planing catamarans compared to equivalent mono-hulls using numerical simulations and experimental validation. The study includes computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to analyse the hydrodynamic behaviour of the catamarans under various operating conditions, such as different speeds, deadrise angles, and static trim angles. Comparison of the numerical simulation results with model tests reveals that the numerical results for the resistance of planing catamarans at high speeds deviate significantly from the experimental data due to strong spray. This discrepancy is systematic (rather than random) and has been recognised and modified. The modified numerical results are sufficiently accurate for further pursuit. Generally, the resistance of a planing catamaran compared to an equivalent planing mono-hull is significantly larger, approximately 25–60 %, while the absolute sinkage is lower. A positive feature of the catamaran is its ability to prevent porpoising instability, especially in boats with a small deadrise angle. Choosing a planing catamaran over a mono-hull must offer other substantial advantages, such as better seakeeping performance, which compensate the higher resistance.
本研究通过数值模拟和实验验证,探讨了高速双体船与等效单体船相比的水动力性能。研究包括计算流体动力学(CFD)模拟,以分析双体船在不同操作条件下的水动力行为,如不同的速度、倾角和静态修整角。将数值模拟结果与模型试验结果进行比较后发现,由于强烈的喷雾,高速航行时双体船阻力的数值结果与试验数据有很大偏差。这种偏差是系统性的(而不是随机的),已经得到确认和修改。修改后的数值结果足够精确,可用于进一步研究。一般来说,双体船的阻力比同等的单体船要大得多,约为 25-60%,而绝对下沉量则较低。双体船的一个显著特点是能够防止出现舷外不稳定性,尤其是在小倾角的情况下。与单体船相比,选择双体船必须具备其他实质性优势,例如更好的适航性能,以补偿较高的阻力。
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引用次数: 0
Fuzzy-based ensemble methodology for accurate long-term prediction and interpretation of extreme significant wave height events 基于模糊的集合方法,用于长期准确预测和解释极端显著波高事件
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104273
C. Peláez-Rodríguez , J. Pérez-Aracil , A.M. Gómez-Orellana , D. Guijo-Rubio , V.M. Vargas , P.A. Gutiérrez , C. Hervás-Martínez , S. Salcedo-Sanz
Providing an accurate prediction of Significant Wave Height (SWH), and specially of extreme SWH events, is crucial for coastal engineering activities and holds major implications in several sectors as offshore renewable energy. With the aim of overcoming the challenge of skewness and imbalance associated with the prediction of these extreme SWH events, a fuzzy-based cascade ensemble of regression models is proposed. This methodology allows to remarkably improve the predictive performance on the extreme SWH values, by using different models specialised in different ranges on the target domain. The method’s explainability is enhanced by analysing the contribution of each model, aiding in identifying those predictor variables more characteristic for the detection of extreme SWH events. The methodology has been validated tackling a long-term SWH prediction problem, considering two case studies over the southwest coast of the United States of America. Both reanalysis data, providing information on various meteorological factors, and SWH measurements, obtained from the nearby stations and the station under examination, have been considered. The goodness of the proposed approach has been validated by comparing its performance against several machine learning and deep learning regression techniques, leading to the conclusion that fuzzy ensemble models perform much better in the prediction of extreme events, at the cost of a slight deterioration in the rest of the samples. The study contributes to advancing the SWH prediction field, specially, to understanding the behaviour behind extreme SWH events, critical for various sectors reliant on oceanic conditions.
准确预测显著波高(SWH),特别是极端显著波高事件,对海岸工程活动至关重要,并对海上可再生能源等多个领域产生重大影响。为了克服与预测这些极端 SWH 事件相关的偏斜和不平衡挑战,提出了一种基于模糊的级联回归模型集合。通过在目标域的不同范围内使用不同的专业模型,该方法可显著提高对极端西南暖流值的预测性能。通过分析每个模型的贡献,提高了该方法的可解释性,有助于确定那些对检测极端 SWH 事件更有特征的预测变量。通过对美国西南海岸的两个案例研究,对该方法进行了验证,以解决长期西南暖流预测问题。既考虑了提供各种气象因素信息的再分析数据,也考虑了从附近站点和被研究站点获得的 SWH 测量数据。通过与几种机器学习和深度学习回归技术的性能比较,验证了所提方法的优越性,得出的结论是模糊集合模型在预测极端事件方面的性能要好得多,但其他样本的性能略有下降。这项研究有助于推动西南暖流预测领域的发展,特别是有助于理解极端西南暖流事件背后的行为,这对依赖海洋条件的各行各业至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
On the value of Fano resonance in wave energy converters 论法诺共振在波能转换器中的价值
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2024-10-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104276
Andrei M. Ermakov , Jack L. Rose-Butcher , John V. Ringwood
The article evaluates the potential of the Fano resonance operational principle in wave energy converters (WECs), using a 2-body loosely moored self-referenced WEC as an illustrative example. By leveraging Fano resonance, the point absorber buoy can remain relatively stationary with low loading on mooring lines, serving as an efficient wave energy transmitter while concurrently achieving resonance within the internal power take-off (PTO) system. This arrangement reduces the motion of the point absorber hull, thereby decreasing loads on the WEC structure, mooring lines, and anchors. As a result, operational and structural costs are minimised, further reducing the levelised costs of generated energy. Additionally, by ensuring minimal fluctuations in the WEC, confidence in using traditional linear mathematical models is increased, as commonly employed for WEC performance assessment and control design.
The article presents a resonance study and introduces newly derived solutions in the frequency domain for the proposed operational concept. It analytically demonstrates the viability of employing the Fano resonance operational strategy for WECs, suggesting that this strategy has the potential to compete with traditional methods of wave energy transformation. Furthermore, the insights gained from the study contribute to identifying optimal parameters for a PTO system, as well as optimising the design of the heaving buoy.
文章评估了法诺共振工作原理在波浪能转换器(WECs)中的应用潜力,并以双体松散系泊自参考式波浪能转换器为例进行了说明。通过利用法诺共振,点吸收浮标可以保持相对静止,对系泊缆线的负载较低,可作为高效的波浪能发射器,同时在内部功率输出(PTO)系统内实现共振。这种布置方式减少了点吸收器船体的运动,从而降低了波浪能转换器结构、系泊缆线和锚的负荷。因此,运行和结构成本降到了最低,进一步降低了发电的平准化成本。此外,通过确保将水力发电装置中的波动降至最低,还可增强使用传统线性数学模型的信心,而这些模型通常用于水力发电装置的性能评估和控制设计。文章通过分析论证了法诺共振运行策略在波浪能转换器中的可行性,表明该策略具有与传统波浪能转换方法竞争的潜力。此外,该研究还有助于确定 PTO 系统的最佳参数,并优化翻腾浮标的设计。
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引用次数: 0
Directional enhancement of underwater impact and bubble loads in neighbor two-phase fluid domains charge 邻近两相流体域荷载中水下冲击和气泡荷载的定向增强
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104269
Yifan Dong , Wei Han , Rennian Li , Haozhi Nan , Xiaobo Shen , Shiqi Yang , Lu Bai
The loading characteristics of underwater explosions and the dynamic behavior of bubbles are directly related to the charge structure. This study proposes a unique charge structure in a gas–liquid two-phase fluid domain. Numerical methods are used to investigate the effects of fluid layer thickness and gas–liquid ratio on underwater explosion shock wave load, bubble dynamics, and bubble pulsation load. The results show that the two-phase fluid layer significantly enhances the directional release of shock wave energy and bubble pulsation load. During the shock wave phase, a lagging wave effect appears in the liquid layer direction, causing a secondary high-energy shock, significantly increasing the specific impulse. The gas layer direction may form a pressure relief channel effect, enhancing the shock wave peak pressure. For the bubble motion phase, differences in the physical properties of the fluid layer medium lead to irregular bubble boundary movements, promoting bubble tearing and rupture. The gaseous medium converts the accumulated shock wave energy into the internal energy of the bubble, increasing its volume potential. Although this characteristic reduces the pulsation frequency, it significantly increases the specific impulse. Altering the fluid layer medium can control explosion loads and bubble movement, offering new insights for ocean engineering applications.
水下爆炸的装载特性和气泡的动态行为与装药结构直接相关。本研究在气液两相流体域中提出了一种独特的装药结构。采用数值方法研究了流体层厚度和气液比对水下爆炸冲击波载荷、气泡动力学和气泡脉动载荷的影响。结果表明,两相流体层显著增强了冲击波能量和气泡脉动载荷的定向释放。在冲击波阶段,液层方向出现滞后波效应,引起二次高能冲击,大大增加了比冲。气层方向可能会形成泄压通道效应,增强冲击波峰值压力。在气泡运动阶段,液层介质的物理性质差异导致气泡边界运动不规则,促进气泡撕裂和破裂。气态介质将累积的冲击波能量转化为气泡的内能,增加了气泡的体积势能。虽然这一特性降低了脉动频率,但却大大增加了比冲。改变流体层介质可以控制爆炸载荷和气泡运动,为海洋工程应用提供了新的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Prediction of scour depth around monopiles in combined waves and current: A probabilistic assessment of M5’-MCS 波浪和海流共同作用下单桩周围冲刷深度的预测:M5'-MCS 的概率评估
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2024-10-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104271
Tongshun Yu , Xin Tong , Xuguang Chen , Haoyang Song , Xuewen Zhao , Yuqiao Wang
Addressing the overlooked uncertainties and stochastic elements in prior studies on scour prediction, this research introduces a probabilistic prediction model for the scour depth around monopile foundations. To enhance the accuracy of the model, the M5’ model tree method was employed to construct a deterministic prediction formula, which was then evaluated using statistical indicators for performance. To address the issue of discontinuities within the deterministic formula, a continuity treatment was applied to improve the credibility of the formula. Expanding on the deterministic formula, a probabilistic model for estimating the local scour depth around a monopile subjected to combined wave and current conditions was developed using Monte Carlo simulations. These simulations integrated specific random parameters into the deterministic model, allowing for the assessment of how these parameters influence the failure probability. The results indicate that the M5’ model tree algorithm can effectively predict the equilibrium scour depth of a monopile under the influence of waves and currents, and the formula, post-continuity treatment, demonstrates enhanced credibility and applicability. Furthermore, the study indicates that the failure probability of a monopile escalates in relation to the increase in near-bed current velocity and the rise in maximum bed surface orbital velocity. It was also discovered that within a specific Froude number range, a consistently low failure probability is maintained, a conclusion that provides a reference for the design of monopile foundations.
针对以往冲刷预测研究中忽略的不确定性和随机因素,本研究引入了单桩地基周围冲刷深度的概率预测模型。为了提高模型的准确性,采用了 "M5 "模型树方法来构建确定性预测公式,然后使用统计指标对其性能进行评估。为了解决确定性公式中的不连续性问题,采用了连续性处理方法来提高公式的可信度。在确定性公式的基础上,利用蒙特卡罗模拟法开发了一个概率模型,用于估算单桩周围在波浪和海流综合条件下的局部冲刷深度。这些模拟将特定的随机参数整合到确定性模型中,以便评估这些参数如何影响失效概率。结果表明,"M5 "模型树算法可以有效预测单桩在波浪和水流影响下的平衡冲刷深度,而且经过连续性处理后的公式显示出更高的可信度和适用性。此外,研究还表明,单桩的失效概率与近床流速的增加和最大床面轨道速度的上升有关。研究还发现,在特定的弗劳德数范围内,失效概率始终较低,这一结论为单桩地基的设计提供了参考。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of axial launch spacing on cavitation interference and load characteristics during underwater salvo 轴向发射间距对水下炮击时气蚀干扰和载荷特性的影响
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2024-10-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104281
Shan Gao , Yao Shi , Pengcheng Ye , Shuai Zhang , Guang Pan
This paper analyzes the effect of launch interval on cavitation flow interference and load characteristics during underwater salvo. The study employs the Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation and the Schnerr-Sauer cavitation model, Volume of Fluid (VOF) multiphase flow model, and overlapping grid. Additionally, decompression experiment systems are designed, and numerical simulations are found to be in good agreement with experimental results, thus verifying the effectiveness of the simulation. Detailed discussions are provided on multiphase flow field and load distribution. The results reveal a top-down collapse process of the cavity, with collapse shrinking to an isolated bubble at the end. Synchronized collapse pressure is characterized by short pulse widths at the peaks, all located at the lowermost part of the cavity. During the underwater stage, when the axial launch spacing ranges between 0.5 times and 1.0 times the length of the projectile, the head of the second projectile acts on the area below the center of mass of the first. This leads to gradual stabilization of the initial cavity and a decrease in deviation of the center of mass toward the inside. Despite experiencing large-scale fracture and detachment due to interference from the wake of the first engine, the motion stability of the inside cavity of the second projectile remains intact. In the water exit stage, when the axial launch spacing ranges between 0.75 times and 1 time the length of the projectile, it causes expansion and contraction of the inside cavity of the second projectile. However, asymmetric synchronous collapse loads may occur, leading to unstable motion posture.
本文分析了发射间隔对水下礼花弹空化流干扰和载荷特性的影响。研究采用了改进的延迟分离涡模拟和施纳尔-绍尔空化模型、流体体积(VOF)多相流模型和重叠网格。此外,还设计了减压实验系统,发现数值模拟与实验结果非常吻合,从而验证了模拟的有效性。对多相流场和载荷分布进行了详细讨论。结果显示了空腔自上而下的塌陷过程,塌陷末端收缩为一个孤立的气泡。同步塌陷压力的特点是峰值脉冲宽度短,均位于空腔的最下部。在水下阶段,当轴向发射间距介于弹丸长度的 0.5 倍和 1.0 倍之间时,第二枚弹丸的头部作用于第一枚弹丸质心以下的区域。这导致初始空腔逐渐稳定,质量中心向内侧的偏差减小。尽管由于第一台发动机尾流的干扰,第二颗弹丸的内腔出现了大面积的断裂和脱落,但其运动稳定性依然完好无损。在出水阶段,当轴向发射间距介于弹丸长度的 0.75 倍和 1 倍之间时,会引起第二个弹丸内腔的膨胀和收缩。但是,可能会出现不对称的同步坍塌载荷,导致运动姿态不稳定。
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引用次数: 0
Buckling analysis of moderately thick carbon fiber composite cylindrical shells under hydrostatic pressure 静水压力下中等厚度碳纤维复合材料圆柱壳的屈曲分析
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2024-10-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104272
Fanglin Cong , Runbo Zhang , Wendong Li , Yang Jin , Guocai Yu , Linzhi Wu
Cylindrical shell structures are widely used in various engineering fields. In this study, the hydrostatic buckling behavior of moderately thick composite cylindrical shells is studied. A theoretical model based on the first-order shear deformation theory is established and its validity was verified by comparison with experimental data. Furthermore, the failure mechanism of moderately thick cylindrical shell is analyzed by experiments and simulations. It is analytically confirmed that the failure mode of moderately thick cylindrical shells changes as the length-to-radius ratio and the radius-to-thickness ratio decreases. Subsequently, the effects of size, stacking sequence, and ply angle on buckling behavior are discussed and parameter optimization is implemented analytically for engineering design. The results indicate that the critical hydrostatic buckling strength increases by more than 18.55 % by parameter optimization. The research results provide a useful reference for the design and optimization of underwater pressure-resistant shells.
圆柱形壳体结构广泛应用于各种工程领域。本研究对中等厚度复合材料圆柱壳的静水屈曲行为进行了研究。建立了基于一阶剪切变形理论的理论模型,并通过与实验数据的对比验证了模型的有效性。此外,还通过实验和模拟分析了中等厚度圆柱壳的失效机理。分析证实,中厚圆柱形壳体的破坏模式随着长径比和半径厚比的减小而改变。随后,讨论了尺寸、堆叠顺序和层角对屈曲行为的影响,并通过分析实现了工程设计中的参数优化。结果表明,通过参数优化,临界静水屈曲强度提高了 18.55 % 以上。研究结果为水下耐压壳体的设计和优化提供了有益的参考。
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引用次数: 0
The applicability of nonlinear theories of the internal solitary wave and its loads on slender body by experimental methods 内孤波非线性理论的适用性及其对细长体载荷的实验方法
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104279
Pu Xuan, Hui Du, Shaodong Wang, Pai Peng, Gang Wei
It is essential to give the applicable range of nonlinear theories of the internal solitary wave in different classification conditions and water depth. The nonlinear theories used to describe the ISW, including KdV, eKdV and MCC theories were compared with experimental results. The characteristic parameters of ISW (waveform, phase speed, and wave frequency) and its load on slender body were chosen to provide a quantitatively applicable range of three nonlinear theories at different water depths. In general, the optimal theories are KdV, eKdV and MCC in turns for most conditions. However, for the description of phase speed, both the eKdV and MCC theories can describe it well, where the KdV theory has a large error in describing phase speed at large ISW amplitude. For the vertical force, the KdV and eKdV theories can describe it well in turns, while the MCC theory has a large error in calculating the vertical force. A diagram of the applicable range under different classification conditions and at different water depths is proposed for choosing a better theory in different fields.
必须给出不同分类条件和水深下内孤波非线性理论的适用范围。将用于描述内孤波的非线性理论,包括 KdV、eKdV 和 MCC 理论与实验结果进行了比较。选择了 ISW 的特征参数(波形、相位速度和波频)及其在细长体上的载荷,以提供三种非线性理论在不同水深下的定量适用范围。一般来说,在大多数条件下,最佳理论依次为 KdV、eKdV 和 MCC。然而,对于相位速度的描述,eKdV 和 MCC 理论都能很好地描述,而 KdV 理论在描述大 ISW 振幅时的相位速度时误差较大。对于垂直力,KdV 和 eKdV 理论可以轮流很好地描述,而 MCC 理论在计算垂直力时误差较大。提出了不同分类条件和不同水深下的适用范围图,以便在不同领域选择更好的理论。
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引用次数: 0
Two-dimensional numerical modelling of a novel heaving wave energy converter-perforated breakwater integrated system 新型波浪能转换器-穿孔防波堤集成系统的二维数值建模
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2024-10-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104274
Dongxu Wang , Sheng Dong
Through numerical modelling, the hydrodynamic performance of a novel wave energy converter-breakwater integrated system, consisting of a perforated breakwater and a heaving wave energy converter (HWEC) in the wave absorption chamber, is investigated. A method for modelling the Coulomb damping force (CDF) provided by the power take-off system is established to address the instability problem caused by the sudden change of the CDF when the motion direction of the HWEC changes. Under the representative wave condition (kd = 1.76, where k is wave number and d is water depth), the working mechanism of the integrated system is clarified, the preferable HWEC hull shape is found, and the nondimensional relationships for determining the geometric parameters are obtained. In addition, by performing the simulation with the waves of kd = 2.52 and kd = 1.11, the limits of the geometric parameters are proposed. It is found that the asymmetric HWEC having a seaward straight corner and leeward curved corner is preferable to minimize wave reflection and capture appreciable wave energy. Under the tested condition, when the nondimensional PTO damping force ranges from 0.5 to 1.25 and the response amplitude operator of the HWEC is no less than 0.3, the capture width ratio of the integrated system will mostly exceed 0.3, and the reflected energy will be quite low.
通过数值建模,研究了新型波浪能转换器-防波堤集成系统的水动力性能,该系统由穿孔防波堤和波浪吸收室中的波浪能转换器(HWEC)组成。建立了动力输出系统提供的库仑阻尼力(CDF)建模方法,以解决当 HWEC 的运动方向发生变化时,库仑阻尼力突然变化引起的不稳定问题。在代表性波浪条件下(kd = 1.76,其中 k 为波数,d 为水深),阐明了集成系统的工作机理,找到了理想的 HWEC 船体形状,并获得了确定几何参数的非尺寸关系。此外,通过对 kd = 2.52 和 kd = 1.11 的波浪进行模拟,提出了几何参数的限制。研究发现,具有向海直角和背风弯角的非对称 HWEC 更有利于减少波浪反射和捕获可观的波浪能量。在试验条件下,当无量纲 PTO 阻尼力在 0.5 至 1.25 之间,且 HWEC 的响应振幅算子不小于 0.3 时,集成系统的捕获宽度比大多会超过 0.3,反射能量会相当低。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical simulation on the influence of artificial island on reef hydrodynamics 人工岛对珊瑚礁流体力学影响的数值模拟
IF 4.3 2区 工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2024.104266
Gancheng Zhu , Bing Ren , Hongjie Wen , Pengzhi Lin
The construction of artificial island can greatly change the reef hydrodynamics, leading to increased water level and wave height as well as changes in flow field distribution. These alterations can affect sediment transport on the reef, and increase the risk of overtopping and structure instability. A numerical model based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations and k-ε turbulence closure model was developed to investigate the influence of artificial island on reef hydrodynamics. The numerical model was validated against the experimental results of wave height, mean water level, and wave breaking morphology. Detailed flow field, wave height, and wave set-up in front of artificial island were further analyzed based on the validated model. After building the reef-top structure, the wave breaking and offshore currents at reef edge were amplified. The flow stratification and increase of the wave set-up were also found on the reef flat. Furthermore, we found the relationship between maximum flow velocities on the reef flat and incoming wave conditions could be characterized by two non-dimensional parameters: |u¯|max/g(η¯+hr), (η¯+hr)/Hi.
人工岛的建设会极大地改变礁石的流体力学,导致水位和波浪高度的增加以及流场分布的变化。这些变化会影响礁石上的沉积物输送,增加倾覆和结构失稳的风险。为研究人工岛对珊瑚礁水动力的影响,建立了基于雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯(RANS)方程和 k-ε 湍流闭合模型的数值模型。根据波高、平均水位和破浪形态的实验结果对数值模型进行了验证。在验证模型的基础上,进一步分析了人工岛前的详细流场、波高和波形。建造礁顶结构后,礁石边缘的破浪和离岸流被放大。在礁石平地上还发现了流动分层和波浪起伏增大的现象。此外,我们还发现礁盘上的最大流速与来波条件之间的关系可以用两个非维度参数来表征:|u¯|max/g(η¯+hr), (η¯+hr)/Hi.
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引用次数: 0
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Applied Ocean Research
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