Applied Ocean Research最新文献_第7页

Seawater-mixed concrete – A review with focus on durability properties 海水混合混凝土的耐久性研究进展

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104878

Iman Aghajanzadeh , Nima Khodadadi , Prannoy Suraneni , Antonio Nanni

Freshwater scarcity remains a major global concern, particularly in coastal regions. Utilizing seawater for concrete production offers a sustainable approach to conserve freshwater resources while supporting construction in marine environments. This study conducts a systematic and data-driven review of seawater-mixed concrete research using the Scopus database, focusing on durability aspects. The analysis reveals that seawater accelerates the early hydration of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to the ionic activity of Cl⁻, Na⁺, and Mg²⁺, leading to a denser early-age microstructure and enhanced initial strength. However, long-term strength and durability outcomes remain inconsistent across studies, influenced by curing conditions, ionic composition, and mixture design. Seawater-mixed concrete generally exhibits improved sulfate resistance but shows variable carbonation behavior and increased susceptibility to alkali–silica reaction (ASR), shrinkage, and freeze–thaw damage. The incorporation of supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as metakaolin (MK), fly ash (FA), and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS) enhances chloride binding and refines the microstructure, mitigating some adverse effects. Overall, this review identifies key research gaps in long-term durability and emphasizes the need for standardized methodologies and data-driven investigations to optimize seawater-mixed concrete for sustainable coastal and marine infrastructure.

淡水短缺仍然是全球关注的一个主要问题，特别是在沿海地区。利用海水生产混凝土提供了一种可持续的方法来保护淡水资源，同时支持海洋环境中的建筑。本研究使用Scopus数据库对海水混合混凝土的研究进行了系统和数据驱动的回顾，重点关注耐久性方面。分析表明，由于Cl⁻、Na⁺和Mg 2⁺的离子活性，海水加速了普通硅酸盐水泥（OPC）的早期水化，导致其早期微观结构更致密，初始强度增强。然而，长期强度和耐久性结果在研究中仍然不一致，受固化条件、离子组成和混合物设计的影响。海水混合混凝土通常表现出更好的抗硫酸盐性，但表现出可变的碳化行为，并增加了对碱-硅反应（ASR）、收缩和冻融损伤的敏感性。掺加偏高岭土（MK）、粉煤灰（FA）和磨粒高炉渣（GGBS）等补充胶凝材料（SCMs）增强了氯化物的结合，细化了微观结构，减轻了一些不利影响。总体而言，本综述确定了长期耐久性方面的关键研究差距，并强调需要标准化方法和数据驱动的调查来优化海水混合混凝土，以实现可持续的沿海和海洋基础设施。

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引用次数: 0

Transformers and neural networks for estimation of parameters of multi-directional waves from rich statistics of FPSO motion signals 从丰富的FPSO运动信号统计中估计多向波参数的变压器和神经网络

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2026.104927

Do-Soo Kwon , Chungkuk Jin , MooHyun Kim , Sung-Jae Kim

This study presents a machine learning (ML) framework for inverse estimation of parameters of multi-directional waves from moored FPSO (floating production storage offloading) motion-sensor synthetic data. A time-domain hull/mooring/riser coupled dynamics numerical simulation program was used to generate realistic vessel-response time series under varying wind–wave–current conditions, from which motion-statistical features up to 122 were extracted. These statistical features served as inputs to two different ML models, artificial neural networks (ANNs) and transformer-based ensemble (TBE) model. Then, different combinations of motion-statistical features were selected as inputs to the ML models to estimate key spectral parameters of multi-directional-waves including significant wave height, peak period, mean wave direction, spectral enhancement (peakedness) factor, and directional spreading, and the results were systematically compared. A more advanced ML method, the transformer architecture, combined with an ensemble approach, demonstrated improved robustness and generality across complex sea states. The systematic comparisons of ML performances with measured wave parameters versus artificially-generated wave parameters provided insights into how the hidden intrinsic correlations among wave parameters can improve the overall performance of the ML-based inverse wave estimation. The results highlight the potential of FPSOs as near-real-time wave-sensing devices. The estimated parameters can serve as crucial inputs for optimizing dynamic positioning (DP) systems and other active controls, as well as for digital-twin and smart-ship/platform applications, reducing reliance on external measurement systems.

本研究提出了一种机器学习（ML）框架，用于从系泊FPSO（浮式生产存储卸载）运动传感器合成数据中反演多向波参数。采用时域船体/系泊/隔水管耦合动力学数值模拟程序，生成了不同风浪流条件下真实的船舶响应时间序列，并从中提取了多达122个运动统计特征。这些统计特征作为两种不同的ML模型的输入，人工神经网络（ann）和基于变压器的集成（TBE）模型。然后，选择不同的运动统计特征组合作为ML模型的输入，估计多方向波的关键频谱参数，包括有效波高、峰值周期、平均波方向、频谱增强（峰性）因子和方向扩展，并对结果进行系统比较。一种更高级的机器学习方法，变压器架构，结合集成方法，在复杂的海况下表现出更好的鲁棒性和通用性。将机器学习性能与实测波浪参数和人工生成的波浪参数进行系统比较，可以深入了解波浪参数之间隐藏的内在相关性如何提高基于机器学习的逆波估计的整体性能。结果突出了fpso作为近实时波浪传感设备的潜力。估计的参数可以作为优化动态定位（DP）系统和其他主动控制的关键输入，以及数字孪生和智能船舶/平台应用，减少对外部测量系统的依赖。

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引用次数: 0

Experimental and numerical investigation of wave attenuation by emergent flexible vegetation 应急柔性植被对波浪衰减的实验与数值研究

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2026.104933

Kai Yin, Yingxiang Lu, Sudong Xu, Weikai Tan, Chunyu Liu

Wave attenuation by flexible vegetation is attracting increasing scholarly attention due to its coastal protection and ecological benefits. Although satisfactory progress has been made in understanding flexible vegetation dynamics and the resulting wave attenuation, existing numerical studies are primarily limited to the assumption of submerged vegetation. This study set out to establish a numerical simulation method for wave attenuation by emergent flexible vegetation and to investigate the corresponding wave attenuation characteristics. To this end, the XBeach phase-averaged wave model was extended by incorporating the emergent flexible vegetation dynamic model. The performance of this extended model in simulating wave attenuation by emergent flexible vegetation was validated against conducted flume experiments. Experimental results indicated that increasing wave steepness, drag-to-stiffness ratio, relative wave height (wave height/water depth), and relative vegetation height (stem length/water depth) generally resulted in higher damping coefficients. A new drag coefficient formula accounting for vegetation flexibility and relative vegetation height was developed using a genetic programming algorithm. Within the parameters utilized in this investigation, simulation results demonstrated a positive relationship between the damping coefficient and the relative vegetation height, and this relationship was stronger under vegetation conditions with higher stiffness. These findings expand the applicability of numerical models for vegetation–wave interactions while contributing to a better understanding of wave attenuation by emergent flexible vegetation.

柔性植被消波因其对海岸的保护和生态效益而日益受到学术界的关注。虽然在理解柔性植被动力学和由此产生的波浪衰减方面取得了令人满意的进展，但现有的数值研究主要局限于淹没植被的假设。本研究旨在建立应急柔性植被对波浪衰减的数值模拟方法，并研究相应的波浪衰减特性。为此，对XBeach相均波模型进行了扩展，加入了涌现柔性植被动态模型。通过水槽实验验证了该扩展模型在模拟突发性柔性植被对波浪衰减的影响方面的性能。实验结果表明，波浪陡度、阻力刚度比、相对波高（波高/水深）和相对植被高度（茎长/水深）越大，阻尼系数越高。利用遗传规划算法建立了考虑植被灵活性和相对植被高度的阻力系数公式。在本研究使用的参数中，模拟结果表明阻尼系数与相对植被高度呈正相关关系，并且在植被刚度较高的条件下，这种关系更强。这些发现扩大了植被-波相互作用数值模型的适用性，同时有助于更好地理解新兴柔性植被对波的衰减。

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引用次数: 0

Simulation of near-wall explosion bubble with non-condensable gas evolution via a modified multicomponent and multiphase lattice Boltzmann model 用改进的多组分多相晶格玻尔兹曼模型模拟含不凝性气体演化的近壁爆炸气泡

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2026.104931

Qian Yang , Mai Cui , Jianmin Zhang , Shicheng Li , Xiaolong He

In the present study, an improved thermal multi-component multiphase (MCMP) lattice Boltzmann model is proposed by introducing a non-orthogonal transformation matrix and multi-range inter- and intra-particle interaction forces to enhance numerical stability. The model successfully captures multiple oscillation cycles of a vapor bubble with non-condensable gas (NCG) and resolves the immiscibility problem between vapor and air commonly observed in macroscopic MCMP bubble models. Additionally, the model is applied to investigate bubble dynamics near a solid wall, with a focus on the effects of NCG content on collapse intensity. Results show that higher NCG content leads to increased initial internal pressure, resulting in a larger maximum radius and prolonged collapse time. However, the compressibility of the bubble during the collapse stage decreases, weakening the collapse strength. The NCG mass inside the bubble exhibits a decrease–increase–decrease trend during the first oscillation cycle, which is influenced by interfacial mass transfer. Besides, the existence of the NCG concentration ensures non-zero vapor content at the bubble’s minimum radius, significantly affecting the phase change behavior during the bubble evolution process.

本文提出了一种改进的热多组分多相（MCMP）晶格玻尔兹曼模型，通过引入非正交变换矩阵和多范围粒子间和粒子内相互作用力来提高数值稳定性。该模型成功地捕获了含不凝气体（NCG）的汽泡的多个振荡周期，解决了宏观MCMP汽泡模型中常见的汽气不混相问题。此外，将该模型应用于固体壁面附近的气泡动力学研究，重点研究了NCG含量对崩塌强度的影响。结果表明：NCG含量越高，初始内压越大，最大坍塌半径越大，坍塌时间越长；但在崩塌阶段，气泡的可压缩性降低，崩塌强度减弱。气泡内部的NCG质量在第一个振荡周期内表现为减小-增大-减小的趋势，受界面传质的影响。此外，NCG浓度的存在保证了气泡最小半径处蒸汽含量不为零，显著影响了气泡演化过程中的相变行为。

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引用次数: 0

Compression behavior of marine diatomaceous soils: Effect of diatom content and microstructure 海洋硅藻土的压缩特性：硅藻含量和微观结构的影响

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104875

Gang Wang , Xianwei Zhang , Xinyu Liu , Yiqing Xu , Haodong Gao , Lei Yan

The marine diatomaceous deposits are frequently encountered in ocean engineering, including ocean drilling projects, subsea foundations and the marine resource recovery systems. The diatom microfossils significantly affect the physical and mechanical properties of diatomaceous soils, distinguishing them from soils without diatoms. Such properties are directly related to seabed mechanics, and consequently the stability and design of ocean engineering infrastructures. However, how diatoms control the soil compression behaviors and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This paper systematically examines the compression behaviors of diatomaceous soils through compression tests on artificially prepared diatom-kaolin mixtures, quantifying the impact of diatom content and stress levels. Mercury-intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy were conducted to trace the microstructural evolution of the soils with diatom addition and compressive loading. The results indicate that diatoms significantly contribute to high compressibility of diatomaceous soils. This phenomenon can be explained by microstructural evolution, where alterations in pore characteristics and the breakage of diatom particles play critical roles during compression. Low vertical stress induced minor microstructural changes, compressing both intra- and inter-aggregate pores. Higher vertical stress triggers brittle breakage of diatom’s hollow structure, leading to pronounced rearrangement of soil structure and pore distribution, and consequently elevated compressibility. This work enhances comprehension of the mechanical behaviors of marine diatomaceous soils.

海洋硅藻沉积是海洋工程中经常遇到的问题，包括海洋钻井工程、海底基础和海洋资源回收系统。硅藻微化石显著影响硅藻土的物理力学性质，使硅藻土区别于无硅藻土。这些特性直接关系到海底力学，从而关系到海洋工程基础设施的稳定性和设计。然而，硅藻如何控制土壤压缩行为及其潜在机制仍然知之甚少。本文通过对人工制备的硅藻-高岭土混合物进行压缩试验，系统地考察了硅藻土的压缩行为，量化了硅藻含量和应力水平的影响。采用汞侵入孔隙度法和扫描电镜对添加硅藻和压缩载荷作用下土体的微观结构演化进行了研究。结果表明，硅藻对硅藻土的高压缩性有显著的促进作用。这种现象可以用微观结构演化来解释，其中孔隙特征的改变和硅藻颗粒的破碎在压缩过程中起着关键作用。低垂直应力引起了微小的微观结构变化，压缩了团聚体内部和团聚体之间的孔隙。较高的垂直应力触发硅藻中空结构脆性断裂，导致土壤结构和孔隙分布发生明显的重排，压缩性升高。这项工作提高了对海洋硅藻土力学行为的认识。

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引用次数: 0

Characteristics of the pressure wave between compressible vapor bubble and air bubble in an infinite domain 无限域中可压缩蒸气泡与空气泡之间的压力波特性

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104910

Yang Liu, Xiaolong He, Jianmin Zhang

Aeration is a widely adopted and effective approach for mitigating cavitation erosion in hydraulic engineering. The erosion-mitigating effect of aeration depends on the interaction between cavitation bubbles and air bubbles, particularly on the microscopic dynamics of shock wave emission during the collapse of cavitation bubbles, which plays a vital role in determining the severity of cavitation. This study investigates the interaction between cavitation and air bubbles using a three-phase 74compressible phase-change model. The results show that shock wave effects depend critically on the relative sizes and separation distances of the bubbles. The dimensionless Kelvin impulse (anisotropy parameter

ζ

) is introduced to analyze the relationship between bubble impulse, shock wave energy, and emission timing/location. As

ζ

increases from 0 to 0.3, the proportion of energy released by the cavitation bubble initially decreases and then increases, reaching a minimum at approximately

ζ

≈ 0.15, where the energy contribution is around 75%. When 0 <

ζ

< 0.15, the position of the shock wave release exhibits a linear relationship with

ζ

. Further analysis demonstrates the following: Small air bubbles generate an attractive force on cavitation bubbles, steering the micro-jet toward the air bubble. When the air bubble size is 1–2 times that of the vapor bubble, a power-law relationship emerges between

ζ

and the interaction strength parameter

γ

. During the initial oscillation cycle of the vapor bubble, the air bubble generally possesses a positive

ζ

, indicating repulsion from the vapor bubble, whereas the vapor bubble exhibits a negative

ζ

, indicating attraction toward the air bubble.

曝气是水利工程中广泛采用的一种有效的缓解空化侵蚀的方法。曝气的减蚀效果取决于空化泡与气泡之间的相互作用，特别是空化泡崩塌过程中冲击波发射的微观动力学，这对空化的严重程度起着至关重要的决定作用。本文采用三相可压缩相变模型研究了空化与气泡之间的相互作用。结果表明，激波效应主要取决于气泡的相对大小和分离距离。引入无量纲开尔文脉冲（各向异性参数ζ）来分析气泡脉冲、冲击波能量和发射时间/位置之间的关系。当ζ从0增大到0.3时，空化泡释放的能量比例先减小后增大，在ζ≈0.15时达到最小值，能量贡献在75%左右。当0 <； ζ <； 0.15时，激波释放位置与ζ呈线性关系。进一步分析表明：小气泡对空化气泡产生吸引力，使微射流向气泡方向运动。当气泡尺寸为气泡尺寸的1 ~ 2倍时，ζ与相互作用强度参数γ呈幂律关系。在气泡的初始振荡周期中，气泡通常具有一个正的ζ，表示对气泡的排斥，而气泡则具有一个负的ζ，表示对气泡的吸引。

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引用次数: 0

Emulating Wave Energy Converter operation in irregular waves using a robotized dry test rig 用机器人化干式试验台模拟波浪能量转换器在不规则波中的工作

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2026.104920

Dana Salar, Antoine Dupuis, Jens Engström, Erik Hultman

Wave Energy Converter (WEC) technology has for a long time captured the interest of researchers, in the strive to increase and diversify the share of renewables in our global energy system. The development of WECs is however challenging due to the time-consuming and expensive open sea experiments required. Controlled wave tank testing is therefore often used, but suffer from the limited availability, scale and wave conditions that can be achieved. Another option is dry test rigs, utilizing a mechanical actuator to emulate WEC operation in ocean waves. Achieving realistic tests is however a challenge.

This work focuses on a robotized dry test rig, providing a cost-effective, industrial and flexible test concept for one-body and two-body emulation of point-absorber WECs in all six degree of freedom. A numerical linear potential flow hydrodynamic force model for simulating the motions in irregular waves is presented and evaluated against wave tank experiments, before being implemented on the robot controller. Test rig experiments based on a simulated WEC damping force and assuming a one-body system acting purely in heave are presented.

We successfully demonstrated WEC operation emulation in irregular waves with the robot test rig, and were also able to evaluate its accuracy. It can be concluded that the robot performs well in relation to the numerical model, while the numerical model performs satisfying mainly for smaller and non-steep waves. Further work is therefore suggested on expanding the emulation to several degrees of freedom and also to include a physical WEC power take-off unit.

波浪能量转换器（WEC）技术长期以来一直引起研究人员的兴趣，努力增加可再生能源在全球能源系统中的份额并使其多样化。然而，由于需要进行耗时且昂贵的远海实验，WECs的发展具有挑战性。因此，可控波浪罐测试经常被使用，但受到可用性、规模和波浪条件的限制。另一种选择是干式测试平台，利用机械驱动器模拟海浪中的WEC操作。然而，实现现实测试是一项挑战。这项工作的重点是机器人干燥试验台，为点吸收WECs在所有六个自由度的单体和双体仿真提供了一个经济、工业和灵活的测试概念。提出了一种用于模拟不规则波浪运动的线性势流水动力数值模型，并通过波浪槽实验进行了评估，最后在机器人控制器上实现。给出了基于模拟WEC阻尼力的试验台实验，并假设了一个纯升沉作用的单体系统。我们成功地利用机器人试验台进行了WEC在不规则波浪中的操作仿真，并对其精度进行了评估。可以得出结论，机器人相对于数值模型表现良好，而数值模型主要对较小的非陡波表现满意。因此，建议进一步的工作是将仿真扩展到几个自由度，并包括一个物理WEC功率输出单元。

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引用次数: 0

Evaluation study of predicting the dynamic mooring tension of offshore floating photovoltaic array using machine learning 基于机器学习的海上浮式光伏阵列动态系泊张力预测评估研究

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104899

Hengxu Liu , Yupeng Duan , Hailong Chen , Hongru Liu , Chongfei Sun

Estimating mooring tension on offshore floating photovoltaic (OFPV) platforms is critical for ensuring the safety of the platform and has significant implications for its operation and maintenance. This study develops machine learning models for predicting mooring tensions in OFPV systems based on three neural network architectures (backpropagation neural networks (BP), gated recurrent units (GRU), and long short-term memory networks (LSTM)). The training data were computationally generated using OrcaFlex software, where the motion data of the OFPV platforms and corresponding mooring tensions served as training datasets for the three machine learning models. Through comparative analysis of prediction accuracy under various environmental parameters, the LSTM model demonstrated optimal performance in both computational efficiency and training economy. This comparative study provides valuable references for mooring tension prediction in OFPV array.

海上浮式光伏（OFPV）平台的系泊张力估算对于确保平台的安全至关重要，对平台的运行和维护具有重要意义。本研究基于三种神经网络架构（反向传播神经网络（BP）、门控循环单元（GRU）和长短期记忆网络（LSTM））开发了用于预测OFPV系统系泊张力的机器学习模型。训练数据使用OrcaFlex软件计算生成，其中OFPV平台的运动数据和相应的系泊张力作为三种机器学习模型的训练数据集。通过对不同环境参数下预测精度的对比分析，LSTM模型在计算效率和训练经济性方面均表现出最优的性能。该对比研究为OFPV阵列系泊张力预测提供了有价值的参考。

引用次数: 0

A practical diffusion approximation model for wave scattering by Ice Floes 浮冰波散射的实用扩散近似模型

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104913

Changpeng Zhang , Xin Zhao

The integration of advanced wave scattering physics into operational forecast systems like WAVEWATCH III is often hindered by the computational complexity of high-fidelity models. While the diffusion approximation framework of Zhao and Shen (2016) offers a promising alternative to the full Boltzmann equation, its requirement to solve for multiple coupled auxiliary variables (e.g., transmitted and scattered components) presents a significant barrier to practical implementation. To overcome this challenge, this study proposes a novel algorithmic simplification that enhances the model's computational efficiency and tractability. Our key innovation is the introduction of an effective mean action density variable,

N_{e f f}

, formed by combining the transmitted energy and the isotropically redistributed scattered energy. This unification reduces the system's dimensionality, eliminating one prognostic equation and streamlining numerical integration. Validation against benchmark solutions demonstrates that the proposed model accurately captures the directional spreading of wave energy while offering a more computationally efficient pathway. By providing a streamlined and operationally viable framework, this work bridges a critical gap between theoretically rigorous scattering models and the demands of large-scale forecasting.

将先进的波散射物理集成到像WAVEWATCH III这样的业务预报系统中，经常受到高保真模型计算复杂性的阻碍。虽然Zhao和Shen（2016）的扩散近似框架为完整玻尔兹曼方程提供了一个有希望的替代方案，但它需要求解多个耦合辅助变量（例如，传输分量和散射分量），这对实际实施构成了重大障碍。为了克服这一挑战，本研究提出了一种新的算法简化，提高了模型的计算效率和可追溯性。我们的关键创新是引入了一个有效的平均作用密度变量Neff，它由传输能量和各向同性再分布的散射能量组合而成。这种统一降低了系统的维度，消除了一个预测方程并简化了数值积分。对基准解决方案的验证表明，所提出的模型准确地捕获了波能的定向传播，同时提供了一个更有效的计算途径。通过提供一个简化的和操作上可行的框架，这项工作弥合了理论上严格的散射模型和大规模预测需求之间的关键差距。

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引用次数: 0

Model validation and improved PTO modeling of a field-deployed wave energy converter with tethered heave plate 绳系升沉板现场部署波能转换器的模型验证及改进PTO建模

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2026.104921

David Okushemiya , Curtis J. Rusch , Bryson Robertson , Zhe Zhang

Rigorous incremental testing and validation are essential to advancing wave energy converter (WEC) technology. Although laboratory wave tank testing remains common, it poses challenges in scaling hydrodynamic responses and power take-off (PTO) dynamics. These issues are more pronounced for WECs with tethered heave plates due to complex interactions between the structure, tether, heave plate, and PTO; all of which often exceed tank depth and scaling limits. Field testing enables full-system evaluation but introduces practical limitations, including environmental variability, limited sensing, and measurement uncertainty. A knowledge gap remains in how to overcome these limitations to extract meaningful insights and validate WEC numerical models using field test data. Moreover, full-scale PTOs exhibit significant nonlinearities, such as generator inertia, internal losses, and inefficiencies across the full energy conversion chain, that are not captured in current PTO models. This highlights the need for improved modeling techniques to realistically estimate useful power and energy output. This study uses a field-deployed WEC with a tethered heave plate to demonstrate how combining statistical and spectral analyses enables comprehensive insight and validation of WEC models using field data. It also advances PTO modeling by incorporating generator inertia and fitting a parametric relationship between shaft speed and useful power based on PTO dynamometer test data. This approach predicted power and energy within 9% of field measurements, whereas conventional models overestimated these output by up to a factor of 3. The improved PTO modeling yields more realistic levelized cost of energy (LCOE) estimates to better guide future full-scale WEC development.

严格的增量测试和验证是推进波能转换器（WEC）技术的关键。虽然实验室波浪罐测试仍然很常见，但在缩放水动力响应和动力输出（PTO）动力学方面提出了挑战。由于结构、系绳、升沉板和PTO之间复杂的相互作用，这些问题对于带有系绳升沉板的WECs更为明显；所有这些都经常超过水箱深度和结垢限制。现场测试可以进行全系统评估，但会引入实际限制，包括环境可变性、有限的传感和测量不确定性。如何克服这些限制，提取有意义的见解，并使用现场测试数据验证WEC数值模型，仍然存在知识差距。此外，全尺寸PTO表现出显著的非线性，如发电机惯性、内部损耗和整个能量转换链的低效率，这些在当前的PTO模型中没有被捕获。这突出了改进建模技术以实际估计有用功率和能量输出的必要性。本研究使用现场部署的WEC和系绳升降板，展示了如何结合统计和频谱分析，利用现场数据全面了解和验证WEC模型。基于PTO测功机测试数据，结合发电机惯量，拟合轴转速与有用功率之间的参数关系，提出了PTO建模方法。该方法预测的功率和能量在现场测量值的9%以内，而传统模型对这些输出的高估高达3倍。改进的PTO模型产生了更现实的平准化能源成本（LCOE）估算，以更好地指导未来全面的WEC开发。

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引用次数: 0