Applied Ocean Research最新文献_第8页

Real-time open ocean wind waves from navigation radars for a truly global wind wave operational observing system 导航雷达的实时开放海洋风波，用于真正的全球风波操作观测系统

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104867

Elizaveta Ezhova , Natalia Tilinina , Sergey Gulev , Vitali Sharmar , Alexander Gavrikov , Boris Trofimov , Sergey Bargman , Peter Koltermann , Vika Grigorieva , Alexander Suslov

Global information about ocean wind waves is crucial for understanding their role in the climate system, validating model outputs, and assessing risks for shipping and marine structures. Recent advances in marine radar technologies have enabled accurate, high-resolution measurements of surface wind waves and their spectral characteristics. Making these measurements available in real-time opens a wide new range of products for many user communities. Here we introduce SeaVision, a ship-based monitoring system that, once integrated into a standard shipborne X-band radar, considerably improves real-time observational networks along major shipping routes. SeaVision automatically measures significant wave height, peak period and directional wave spectra at temporal resolutions down to seconds. First developed for research purposes in 2020, SeaVision passed an extensive period of validation using Spotter wave buoys and satellite data. Validation onboard research vessels was conducted for a wide range of latitudes, from the Arctic to Antarctica. SeaVision is fully operational, cost-effective, and capable of transmitting wave parameters continuously via satellite. Further developments of SeaVision allow for retrieving near surface wind speed, surface currents and ice parameters with the same resolution. Extensive installations of SeaVision (as well as similar systems) onboard commercial and research vessels allow for establishing a near-global observational network (as a part of GCOS and GOOS) largely exceeding capabilities of the present VOS network which over the last few decades are experiencing a dramatic decline and is also regionally complementing satellite missions. SeaVision will enhance coverage of the so far inadequately sampled global oceans.

关于海洋风浪的全球信息对于了解其在气候系统中的作用、验证模型输出以及评估航运和海洋结构的风险至关重要。海洋雷达技术的最新进展已经能够精确、高分辨率地测量表面风波及其光谱特征。使这些测量实时可用，为许多用户社区打开了广泛的新产品范围。在这里，我们介绍SeaVision，这是一种基于船舶的监测系统，一旦集成到标准的船载x波段雷达中，就可以大大改善主要航线上的实时观测网络。SeaVision自动测量显著波高，峰值周期和方向波光谱的时间分辨率低至秒。SeaVision于2020年首次开发用于研究目的，使用Spotter波浮标和卫星数据通过了广泛的验证期。在从北极到南极洲的广泛纬度范围内，在研究船上进行了验证。SeaVision是完全可操作的，具有成本效益，并且能够通过卫星连续传输波参数。SeaVision的进一步发展允许以相同的分辨率检索近地面风速，表面电流和冰参数。在商业和研究船上广泛安装SeaVision（以及类似的系统）可以建立一个近全球观测网络（作为GCOS和GOOS的一部分），这在很大程度上超过了目前VOS网络的能力，后者在过去几十年中正在急剧下降，并且还在区域上补充卫星任务。SeaVision将扩大迄今为止采样不足的全球海洋的覆盖范围。

{"title":"Real-time open ocean wind waves from navigation radars for a truly global wind wave operational observing system","authors":"Elizaveta Ezhova , Natalia Tilinina , Sergey Gulev , Vitali Sharmar , Alexander Gavrikov , Boris Trofimov , Sergey Bargman , Peter Koltermann , Vika Grigorieva , Alexander Suslov","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104867","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Global information about ocean wind waves is crucial for understanding their role in the climate system, validating model outputs, and assessing risks for shipping and marine structures. Recent advances in marine radar technologies have enabled accurate, high-resolution measurements of surface wind waves and their spectral characteristics. Making these measurements available in real-time opens a wide new range of products for many user communities. Here we introduce SeaVision, a ship-based monitoring system that, once integrated into a standard shipborne X-band radar, considerably improves real-time observational networks along major shipping routes. SeaVision automatically measures significant wave height, peak period and directional wave spectra at temporal resolutions down to seconds. First developed for research purposes in 2020, SeaVision passed an extensive period of validation using Spotter wave buoys and satellite data. Validation onboard research vessels was conducted for a wide range of latitudes, from the Arctic to Antarctica. SeaVision is fully operational, cost-effective, and capable of transmitting wave parameters continuously via satellite. Further developments of SeaVision allow for retrieving near surface wind speed, surface currents and ice parameters with the same resolution. Extensive installations of SeaVision (as well as similar systems) onboard commercial and research vessels allow for establishing a near-global observational network (as a part of GCOS and GOOS) largely exceeding capabilities of the present VOS network which over the last few decades are experiencing a dramatic decline and is also regionally complementing satellite missions. SeaVision will enhance coverage of the so far inadequately sampled global oceans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104867"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145619971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Underestimated penalty of hull fouling: A scenario-based analysis of GHG emissions from global shipping 低估了船体污染的惩罚：基于场景的全球航运温室气体排放分析

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104870

Youngrong Kim , Refik Ozyurt

A ship's hydrodynamic performance is fundamental to her operational efficiency, yet it is significantly degraded by hull fouling. The significant fuel penalty from hull fouling represents a critical operational challenge, but it is often underestimated. This is frequently due to focus on direct maintenance costs and off-hire periods, or the recent emphasis on other energy-saving devices, which leads to a gap in quantifying the performance loss from the hull condition itself. To systematically quantify this penalty, this study performs a scenario-based analysis on 52,636 vessels across six major ship types. By integrating Granville's similarity law for added resistance with dynamic fouling growth models and vessel-specific operational profiles, we estimate the emission penalties for the global fleet. Findings reveal that moderate fouling can increase annual fuel consumption and GHG emissions by an average of 20–30 %. Notably, large container ships, tankers, and bulk carriers are identified as 'global hotspots' accounting for the majority of these emissions. For instance, a single large container ship with a capacity over 15,000 TEU can emit as much as 20,000 tons of additional CO2 annually due to hull fouling. This study provides quantitative evidence that proactive hull management is a fundamental lever for enhancing ship hydrodynamic performance and, consequently, a highly effective and immediate decarbonization measure.

船舶的水动力性能是其运行效率的基础，但它是显著降低船体污垢。船体污垢造成的巨大燃油损失是一个关键的运营挑战，但它往往被低估了。这通常是由于对直接维护成本和非租用期的关注，或者最近对其他节能设备的强调，导致在量化船体状况本身的性能损失方面存在差距。为了系统地量化这种惩罚，本研究对六种主要船型的52,636艘船进行了基于场景的分析。通过将附加阻力的Granville相似定律与动态污染增长模型和船舶特定的运营概况相结合，我们估计了全球船队的排放处罚。研究结果表明，中度污染可使年油耗和温室气体排放量平均增加20 - 30%。值得注意的是，大型集装箱船、油轮和散货船被确定为“全球热点”，占这些排放的大部分。例如，一艘容量超过15,000 TEU的大型集装箱船，由于船体结垢，每年可额外排放多达20,000吨的二氧化碳。本研究提供了定量证据，表明主动船体管理是提高船舶水动力性能的基本杠杆，因此是一种高效、即时的脱碳措施。

{"title":"Underestimated penalty of hull fouling: A scenario-based analysis of GHG emissions from global shipping","authors":"Youngrong Kim , Refik Ozyurt","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104870","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104870","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A ship's hydrodynamic performance is fundamental to her operational efficiency, yet it is significantly degraded by hull fouling. The significant fuel penalty from hull fouling represents a critical operational challenge, but it is often underestimated. This is frequently due to focus on direct maintenance costs and off-hire periods, or the recent emphasis on other energy-saving devices, which leads to a gap in quantifying the performance loss from the hull condition itself. To systematically quantify this penalty, this study performs a scenario-based analysis on 52,636 vessels across six major ship types. By integrating Granville's similarity law for added resistance with dynamic fouling growth models and vessel-specific operational profiles, we estimate the emission penalties for the global fleet. Findings reveal that moderate fouling can increase annual fuel consumption and GHG emissions by an average of 20–30 %. Notably, large container ships, tankers, and bulk carriers are identified as 'global hotspots' accounting for the majority of these emissions. For instance, a single large container ship with a capacity over 15,000 TEU can emit as much as 20,000 tons of additional CO2 annually due to hull fouling. This study provides quantitative evidence that proactive hull management is a fundamental lever for enhancing ship hydrodynamic performance and, consequently, a highly effective and immediate decarbonization measure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104870"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145619969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research on the cavity flow and motion characteristics of vehicle launched underwater in waves 水下发射体的空腔流动及运动特性研究

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2025-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104874

Jinyi Ren , Yao Shi , Shan Gao , Guang Pan

The underwater vertical launch of a vehicle involves a complex gas-liquid mixing process. Upon water exit, the large-scale collapse and shedding of attached cavitation generate high-frequency transient impact loads on the vehicle surface, significantly influencing its load distribution and motion trajectory. Under extreme sea conditions with wave activity, strong disturbances of the wave surface particles complicate the evolution and development of cavitation during water exit. This paper presents numerical simulations of a vehicle exiting water in a wave environment, focusing on the influence of wave phase on the evolution of the multiphase flow field and the motion characteristics of the vehicle. Results show that cavitation exhibits significant asymmetric evolution during water exit at the crest and trough. At the crest phase, the cavity size on the downstream side is considerably larger than that on the upstream side, while the opposite occurs at the trough phase. Simultaneously, the vehicle experiences a pair of lateral loads characterized by narrow pulse widths, substantial magnitude differences, and a noticeable time lag. The load on the side with larger cavitation is several times greater than on the opposite side. When exiting at the crest and trough phases, the vehicle's trajectory and deflection angle curves exhibit significant deviations, with opposite deflection directions between the two phases. In contrast, the motion characteristics at the pre-crest and post-crest phases are closer to those in calm water, with minimal deflection.

飞行器的水下垂直发射涉及一个复杂的气液混合过程。出水后，附著空化体的大规模崩塌和脱落对车辆表面产生高频瞬态冲击载荷，显著影响其载荷分布和运动轨迹。在波浪活动的极端海况下，波面粒子的强烈扰动使出水过程中空化的演变和发展复杂化。本文对波浪环境下车辆出水进行了数值模拟，重点研究了波浪相位对多相流场演化和车辆运动特性的影响。结果表明，在峰槽出水过程中，空化现象呈现出明显的不对称演化。在波峰阶段，下游的空腔尺寸明显大于上游，而在波谷阶段则相反。同时，车辆经历了一对横向载荷，其特征是脉冲宽度窄，幅度差异大，并且有明显的时间滞后。空化较大的一侧所受载荷是另一侧的数倍。在波峰段和波谷段出口时，飞行器的轨迹和偏转角曲线出现了明显的偏差，两段的偏转方向相反。而波峰前和波峰后阶段的运动特征更接近于平静水域的运动特征，挠度最小。

{"title":"Research on the cavity flow and motion characteristics of vehicle launched underwater in waves","authors":"Jinyi Ren , Yao Shi , Shan Gao , Guang Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104874","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104874","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The underwater vertical launch of a vehicle involves a complex gas-liquid mixing process. Upon water exit, the large-scale collapse and shedding of attached cavitation generate high-frequency transient impact loads on the vehicle surface, significantly influencing its load distribution and motion trajectory. Under extreme sea conditions with wave activity, strong disturbances of the wave surface particles complicate the evolution and development of cavitation during water exit. This paper presents numerical simulations of a vehicle exiting water in a wave environment, focusing on the influence of wave phase on the evolution of the multiphase flow field and the motion characteristics of the vehicle. Results show that cavitation exhibits significant asymmetric evolution during water exit at the crest and trough. At the crest phase, the cavity size on the downstream side is considerably larger than that on the upstream side, while the opposite occurs at the trough phase. Simultaneously, the vehicle experiences a pair of lateral loads characterized by narrow pulse widths, substantial magnitude differences, and a noticeable time lag. The load on the side with larger cavitation is several times greater than on the opposite side. When exiting at the crest and trough phases, the vehicle's trajectory and deflection angle curves exhibit significant deviations, with opposite deflection directions between the two phases. In contrast, the motion characteristics at the pre-crest and post-crest phases are closer to those in calm water, with minimal deflection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104874"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145619968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrodynamic performance of artificial reef with guide plates: A combined computational fluid dynamics and particle image velocimetry investigation 带导流板人工鱼礁的水动力性能：计算流体力学与粒子图像测速相结合的研究

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104865

Zhu Li , Yujiao Zheng , Suxian Lv , Wude Xie , Lixin Zhu , Lu Wang , Junyang Ma , Chunliu Guo , Yize Zhang , Zhenlin Liang , Zhaoyang Jiang

Artificial reefs (ARs), as one of the important means for restoring marine habitats, largely depend on their structures for hydrodynamic performance. In this study, we combined particle image velocimetry experiment (PIV) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the influence of a grid guide plate structure on the hydrodynamic performance of the cubic-frame reef. The results reveal that the angles of the front guide plates significantly enhance the upwelling efficiency of the cubic-frame reef, with a maximum increase of 13.06 times. The projected area of the plates also has a significant impact on the upwelling flux. Normalized TKE (k_n) effectively quantifies wake disturbance intensity and shows a strong correlation with vortex volume. Furthermore, asymmetric plate configurations enhance wake vortex mixing while minimizing energy dissipation. The wake efficiency of the optimized AR structure is 28.31 times greater than that of the cubic-frame reef. These findings demonstrate that optimized guide plate configurations can enhance upwelling efficiency and wake mixing by more than an order of magnitude, providing a practical design basis for constructing artificial reefs that improve water exchange and habitat quality in marine ranching applications.

人工鱼礁作为恢复海洋生境的重要手段之一，其水动力性能在很大程度上取决于其结构。本文采用粒子图像测速实验（PIV）和计算流体力学（CFD）相结合的方法，研究了栅格导流板结构对立方框架礁体水动力性能的影响。结果表明：前导流板角度显著提高了立方框架礁体的上升流效率，最大可提高13.06倍；板块的投影面积对上升流通量也有显著影响。归一化TKE （kn）能有效量化尾流扰动强度，并与涡体积有很强的相关性。此外，非对称板的配置增强了尾流涡混合，同时最大限度地减少了能量耗散。优化后的AR结构的尾流效率是立方框架礁体尾流效率的28.31倍。研究结果表明，优化后的导流板配置可以提高上升流效率和尾流混合效率一个数量级以上，为构建人工鱼礁提供了实用的设计依据，从而改善海洋牧场中水体交换和栖息地质量。

{"title":"Hydrodynamic performance of artificial reef with guide plates: A combined computational fluid dynamics and particle image velocimetry investigation","authors":"Zhu Li , Yujiao Zheng , Suxian Lv , Wude Xie , Lixin Zhu , Lu Wang , Junyang Ma , Chunliu Guo , Yize Zhang , Zhenlin Liang , Zhaoyang Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104865","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104865","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial reefs (ARs), as one of the important means for restoring marine habitats, largely depend on their structures for hydrodynamic performance. In this study, we combined particle image velocimetry experiment (PIV) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to investigate the influence of a grid guide plate structure on the hydrodynamic performance of the cubic-frame reef. The results reveal that the angles of the front guide plates significantly enhance the upwelling efficiency of the cubic-frame reef, with a maximum increase of 13.06 times. The projected area of the plates also has a significant impact on the upwelling flux. Normalized TKE (<em>k<sub>n</sub></em>) effectively quantifies wake disturbance intensity and shows a strong correlation with vortex volume. Furthermore, asymmetric plate configurations enhance wake vortex mixing while minimizing energy dissipation. The wake efficiency of the optimized AR structure is 28.31 times greater than that of the cubic-frame reef. These findings demonstrate that optimized guide plate configurations can enhance upwelling efficiency and wake mixing by more than an order of magnitude, providing a practical design basis for constructing artificial reefs that improve water exchange and habitat quality in marine ranching applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104865"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring carbon capture for maritime decarbonization: A case study on a military vessel 探索海洋脱碳的碳捕获：一艘军舰的案例研究

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104868

Giorgia Adami , Riccardo Rocchi , Massimo Figari

The maritime industry faces mounting pressure to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, with regulatory bodies increasingly targeting decarbonization. While much of this attention has centred on commercial shipping, military fleets continue to operate largely outside the scope of emission regulations, despite their non-negligible environmental footprint. This study investigates the potential of carbon capture technologies as a viable and immediate solution for reducing carbon dioxide emissions from naval vessels, including those employed in military contexts. It examines the current advancements in onboard carbon capture systems and outlines the evolving regulatory landscape and preliminary standards introduced by leading classification societies. Amine-based absorption and calcium looping are selected for detailed analysis through a case study on a modern destroyer. Their implementation is evaluated under realistic operational conditions, focusing on carbon dioxide capture rate, auxiliary power demand, volumetric and mass impact, and integration constraints. The comparative evaluation underscores the trade-offs in technological readiness, effectiveness, and adaptability for maritime use. Ultimately, the research offers valuable insight into the potential role of carbon capture in greening the military maritime sector and advocates for the expansion of decarbonization efforts to encompass naval operations.

随着监管机构越来越多地瞄准脱碳，海运业面临着越来越大的减少温室气体排放的压力。虽然这方面的注意力主要集中在商业航运，但军事船队继续在很大程度上超出排放条例的范围，尽管它们的环境足迹不容忽视。本研究探讨了碳捕获技术作为减少海军舰艇（包括军事舰艇）二氧化碳排放的可行和直接解决方案的潜力。报告分析了目前船上碳捕获系统的进展，概述了不断发展的监管格局和主要船级社引入的初步标准。以某现代驱逐舰为例，选取胺基吸收法和钙环法进行详细分析。在实际操作条件下对其实施进行评估，重点关注二氧化碳捕获率、辅助电力需求、体积和质量影响以及集成约束。比较评估强调了在技术准备、有效性和海上使用适应性方面的权衡。最终，该研究为碳捕获在绿化军事海事部门中的潜在作用提供了有价值的见解，并倡导将脱碳努力扩大到海军行动中。

{"title":"Exploring carbon capture for maritime decarbonization: A case study on a military vessel","authors":"Giorgia Adami , Riccardo Rocchi , Massimo Figari","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104868","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The maritime industry faces mounting pressure to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions, with regulatory bodies increasingly targeting decarbonization. While much of this attention has centred on commercial shipping, military fleets continue to operate largely outside the scope of emission regulations, despite their non-negligible environmental footprint. This study investigates the potential of carbon capture technologies as a viable and immediate solution for reducing carbon dioxide emissions from naval vessels, including those employed in military contexts. It examines the current advancements in onboard carbon capture systems and outlines the evolving regulatory landscape and preliminary standards introduced by leading classification societies. Amine-based absorption and calcium looping are selected for detailed analysis through a case study on a modern destroyer. Their implementation is evaluated under realistic operational conditions, focusing on carbon dioxide capture rate, auxiliary power demand, volumetric and mass impact, and integration constraints. The comparative evaluation underscores the trade-offs in technological readiness, effectiveness, and adaptability for maritime use. Ultimately, the research offers valuable insight into the potential role of carbon capture in greening the military maritime sector and advocates for the expansion of decarbonization efforts to encompass naval operations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104868"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Static load-bearing capacity of multi-planar tubular DK-joints reinforced with FRP composites in offshore wind turbine foundations 海上风力机地基多平面管状dk节点FRP加固静承载力研究

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104864

Hamid Ahmadi , Mahdi Ghorbani

The reinforcement of tubular joints in jacket structures, such as the foundations of offshore wind turbines, is a common practice. To establish comprehensive design guidelines for predicting the ultimate strength of two-planar tubular DK-joints reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), in the first step, nonlinear finite element (FE) models were developed and verified against experimental data of unreinforced and FRP-reinforced steel tubular Y-joints. The validated FE methodology was then employed to conduct parametric studies. In total, 345 nonlinear FE models were generated and analyzed to investigate the effects of dimensionless geometrical parameters of the joint, the number of FRP layers, the FRP layer orientations, and the FRP sheet length on the static performance of FRP-reinforced two-planar tubular DK-joints. The results of parametric study were utilized to formulate a parametric equation, through nonlinear regression analyses, to predict the ultimate capacity of two-planar tubular DK-connections strengthened with FRP under axial loading. The key findings demonstrated that the FRP reinforcement can significantly enhance the static performance of tubular connections, including improvements in both stiffness and ultimate strength, and the developed parametric equation can be reliably used for the calculation of ultimate strength of FRP-reinforced two-planar tubular DK-joints subjected to axial loading.

加固导管结构中的管状接头，如海上风力涡轮机的基础，是一种常见的做法。为了建立综合的预测纤维增强聚合物（FRP）加固两平面管状dk节点极限强度的设计准则，首先建立了非线性有限元模型，并对未加固和FRP加固的y形管节点进行了实验数据验证。然后采用验证的有限元方法进行参数研究。建立了345个非线性有限元模型，分析了节点的无因次几何参数、FRP层数、FRP层取向和FRP片材长度对FRP增强两平面管状dk节点静力性能的影响。利用参数化研究结果，通过非线性回归分析，建立了参数化方程，预测了轴向荷载作用下FRP加固双平面dk连接的极限承载力。研究结果表明，FRP加固可显著提高管状节点的静力性能，包括刚度和极限强度的提高，所建立的参数方程可可靠地用于FRP加固两平面管状dk节点轴向载荷下的极限强度计算。

{"title":"Static load-bearing capacity of multi-planar tubular DK-joints reinforced with FRP composites in offshore wind turbine foundations","authors":"Hamid Ahmadi , Mahdi Ghorbani","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104864","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104864","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reinforcement of tubular joints in jacket structures, such as the foundations of offshore wind turbines, is a common practice. To establish comprehensive design guidelines for predicting the ultimate strength of two-planar tubular DK-joints reinforced with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP), in the first step, nonlinear finite element (FE) models were developed and verified against experimental data of unreinforced and FRP-reinforced steel tubular Y-joints. The validated FE methodology was then employed to conduct parametric studies. In total, 345 nonlinear FE models were generated and analyzed to investigate the effects of dimensionless geometrical parameters of the joint, the number of FRP layers, the FRP layer orientations, and the FRP sheet length on the static performance of FRP-reinforced two-planar tubular DK-joints. The results of parametric study were utilized to formulate a parametric equation, through nonlinear regression analyses, to predict the ultimate capacity of two-planar tubular DK-connections strengthened with FRP under axial loading. The key findings demonstrated that the FRP reinforcement can significantly enhance the static performance of tubular connections, including improvements in both stiffness and ultimate strength, and the developed parametric equation can be reliably used for the calculation of ultimate strength of FRP-reinforced two-planar tubular DK-joints subjected to axial loading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104864"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bayesian Hankel dynamic mode decomposition for ship motion digital twinning 船舶运动数字孪生的贝叶斯汉克尔动态模态分解

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104863

Giorgio Palma , Andrea Serani , Shawn Aram , David W. Wundrow , David Drazen , Matteo Diez

Digital twins are widely considered enablers of groundbreaking changes in the development, operation, and maintenance of novel generations of products. They are meant to provide reliable and timely predictions to inform decisions along the entire product life cycle. One of the relevant applications in the naval domain is the digital twinning of ship performance in waves, a crucial aspect in operational efficiency and safety. In this paper, a Bayesian extension of the Hankel dynamic mode decomposition is proposed for ship motion nowcasting and compared with its deterministic counterpart. The proposed method meets all the requirements for formulations devoted to digital twinning, being able to adapt the resulting model based on the data from the physical system, using a limited amount of data, producing real-time predictions, and estimating their reliability. Results are presented and discussed for the course-keeping of the 5415M model in beam-quartering sea state 7 irregular waves at Fr = 0.33, using benchmark data from three different CFD solvers, used as a proxy to real vessel operations. The results show reasonably accurate predictions up to five wave encounters, with the Bayesian formulation improving the deterministic forecasts. In addition, a promising relationship between uncertainty and accuracy is found.

数字孪生被广泛认为是新一代产品开发、操作和维护方面突破性变化的推动者。它们旨在提供可靠和及时的预测，以告知整个产品生命周期的决策。在海军领域的相关应用之一是船舶在波浪中的性能的数字孪生，这是操作效率和安全的关键方面。本文对Hankel动态模态分解方法进行了贝叶斯扩展，并与确定性模态分解方法进行了比较。所提出的方法满足了数字孪生公式的所有要求，能够根据来自物理系统的数据调整结果模型，使用有限的数据，产生实时预测，并估计其可靠性。本文给出并讨论了5415M模型在Fr = 0.33的7不规则波幅下的航向保持结果，使用了三种不同CFD求解器的基准数据，并将其作为实际船舶操作的代理。结果表明，贝叶斯公式提高了确定性预测，对五次波浪相遇的预测相当准确。此外，还发现了不确定度与精度之间的良好关系。

{"title":"Bayesian Hankel dynamic mode decomposition for ship motion digital twinning","authors":"Giorgio Palma , Andrea Serani , Shawn Aram , David W. Wundrow , David Drazen , Matteo Diez","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104863","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104863","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital twins are widely considered enablers of groundbreaking changes in the development, operation, and maintenance of novel generations of products. They are meant to provide reliable and timely predictions to inform decisions along the entire product life cycle. One of the relevant applications in the naval domain is the digital twinning of ship performance in waves, a crucial aspect in operational efficiency and safety. In this paper, a Bayesian extension of the Hankel dynamic mode decomposition is proposed for ship motion nowcasting and compared with its deterministic counterpart. The proposed method meets all the requirements for formulations devoted to digital twinning, being able to adapt the resulting model based on the data from the physical system, using a limited amount of data, producing real-time predictions, and estimating their reliability. Results are presented and discussed for the course-keeping of the 5415M model in beam-quartering sea state 7 irregular waves at Fr = 0.33, using benchmark data from three different CFD solvers, used as a proxy to real vessel operations. The results show reasonably accurate predictions up to five wave encounters, with the Bayesian formulation improving the deterministic forecasts. In addition, a promising relationship between uncertainty and accuracy is found.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104863"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physics-informed neural data assimilation for high-resolution coastal SPM reconstruction from model and satellite data 基于模型和卫星数据的高分辨率海岸SPM重建的物理信息神经数据同化

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104871

Wei Chen , Thi Thuy Nga Nguyen , Johannes Pein , Frédéric Jourdin , Ronan Fablet , Joanna Staneva

We introduce an end-to-end deep, physics-informed learning framework, 4DVarNet, for reconstructing high-resolution spatiotemporal fields of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in coastal seas by synergistically combining numerical models and sparse CMEMS observations. The approach employs a novel two-phase transfer learning strategy: (1) pre-training on Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) where gap-free model outputs are masked with synthetic cloud patterns, and (2) fine-tuning on Observing System Experiments (OSEs) using sparse satellite data and an additional independent validation mask. This design enables the network to transfer the physical dynamics learned from the models to observation-driven reconstructions. The architecture embeds a trainable dynamical prior and a convolutional LSTM solver to iteratively minimize a cost function that balances data agreement with physical consistency. Applied to the German Bight in 2020, the framework demonstrates robust performance under operational conditions, outperforming DInEOF, eDInEOF with a 70% reduction in RMSE and correlations up to

R^{2} = 0.975

. Reconstructions preserve fine-scale spatial patterns while maintaining accuracy, with the structure similarity index increased by 50% compared to the EOF approaches. Half of the errors are within

\pm

0.2 mg/L, even when 27% of days lack any observations. Sensitivity experiments reveal that removing available data increases RMSE and smooths fine-scale SPM spatial features. Increasing the assimilation window length degrades data variability. This work establishes that neural networks can successfully bridge model-based and observation-based systems, with immediate applications for coastal monitoring. It also highlights the need to incorporate tidal dynamics and sub-daily variability into future implementations, particularly for applications targeting real-time sediment transport forecasting.

通过将数值模型与稀疏CMEMS观测数据协同结合，我们引入了端到端的深度物理学习框架4DVarNet，用于重建沿海海域悬浮颗粒物（SPM）的高分辨率时空场。该方法采用了一种新的两阶段迁移学习策略：(1)对观测系统仿真实验（OSSEs）进行预训练，其中无间隙模型输出被合成云模式掩盖；(2)使用稀疏卫星数据和额外的独立验证掩模对观测系统实验（OSSEs）进行微调。这种设计使网络能够将从模型中学习到的物理动力学转移到观测驱动的重建中。该架构嵌入了一个可训练的动态先验和一个卷积LSTM求解器，以迭代最小化平衡数据一致性和物理一致性的代价函数。该框架应用于2020年的德国Bight，在运行条件下表现出稳健的性能，优于DInEOF， eDInEOF， RMSE降低70%，相关性高达R2=0.975。重建在保持精度的同时保留了精细尺度的空间格局，与EOF方法相比，结构相似指数提高了50%。一半的误差在±0.2 mg/L以内，即使27%的天没有任何观测。灵敏度实验表明，去除可用数据可以提高均方根误差，平滑精细尺度SPM空间特征。增加同化窗口长度会降低数据的可变性。这项工作表明，神经网络可以成功地连接基于模型和基于观测的系统，并立即应用于海岸监测。它还强调了将潮汐动力学和亚日变化纳入未来实施的必要性，特别是针对实时泥沙输送预测的应用。

{"title":"Physics-informed neural data assimilation for high-resolution coastal SPM reconstruction from model and satellite data","authors":"Wei Chen , Thi Thuy Nga Nguyen , Johannes Pein , Frédéric Jourdin , Ronan Fablet , Joanna Staneva","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104871","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104871","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We introduce an end-to-end deep, physics-informed learning framework, 4DVarNet, for reconstructing high-resolution spatiotemporal fields of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in coastal seas by synergistically combining numerical models and sparse CMEMS observations. The approach employs a novel two-phase transfer learning strategy: (1) pre-training on Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) where gap-free model outputs are masked with synthetic cloud patterns, and (2) fine-tuning on Observing System Experiments (OSEs) using sparse satellite data and an additional independent validation mask. This design enables the network to transfer the physical dynamics learned from the models to observation-driven reconstructions. The architecture embeds a trainable dynamical prior and a convolutional LSTM solver to iteratively minimize a cost function that balances data agreement with physical consistency. Applied to the German Bight in 2020, the framework demonstrates robust performance under operational conditions, outperforming DInEOF, eDInEOF with a 70% reduction in RMSE and correlations up to <span><math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>975</mn></mrow></math></span>. Reconstructions preserve fine-scale spatial patterns while maintaining accuracy, with the structure similarity index increased by 50% compared to the EOF approaches. Half of the errors are within <span><math><mo>±</mo></math></span> 0.2 mg/L, even when 27% of days lack any observations. Sensitivity experiments reveal that removing available data increases RMSE and smooths fine-scale SPM spatial features. Increasing the assimilation window length degrades data variability. This work establishes that neural networks can successfully bridge model-based and observation-based systems, with immediate applications for coastal monitoring. It also highlights the need to incorporate tidal dynamics and sub-daily variability into future implementations, particularly for applications targeting real-time sediment transport forecasting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104871"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of monopile-soil interaction on performance of negative stiffness-assisted compliant liquid dampers-inerter designed for offshore wind turbine towers 单桩-土相互作用对海上风力发电塔用负刚度辅助柔性液体阻尼器性能的影响

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104861

Anupam Das , Tanmoy Konar

Previous research has shown that compliant liquid damper-inerter (CLDI) systems, especially with a negative stiffness (NS) element, effectively reduce vibrations of monopile-supported offshore wind turbine towers (MOWTTs) exposed to multiple hazards, including earthquakes, wind, and waves. These studies assumed the monopile to be fixed at the base. However, in reality, dynamic interaction occurs between the monopile and soil under dynamic loading, which affects the damper system's performance. This study explores the impact of monopile-soil interaction (MSI) on the control effectiveness of a negative stiffness-assisted compliant liquid damper-inerter (NS-CLDI) designed for an MOWTT. The equations of motion are developed for the combined MOWTT-damper system. A 5-MW NREL MOWTT is selected as the case structure for the numerical analysis. Soil parameters are obtained from relevant literature. One hundred earthquake ground motion records, scaled to 0.1 g, and five wind-wave loadings are used to create a multi-hazard scenario. The coupling between the monopile and soil is modelled using distributed springs representing the soil stiffness. Results reveal that MSI increases both displacement and acceleration responses of the uncontrolled tower. During the damper design, the peak seismic responses and root mean square wind-wave responses serve as objective functions (OFs). These OFs are minimized using a genetic algorithm-based multi-objective optimization framework. Two sets of optimal NS-CLDI parameters are identified: one for controlling side-side (SS) vibrations, and another for fore-aft (FA) vibrations. The control effectiveness of NS-CLDI is evaluated considering MSI under multi-hazard conditions in both time and frequency domains. While NS-CLDI can significantly reduce vibrations in both SS and FA directions, neglecting MSI during damper design leads to a serious underestimation of MOWTT responses with NS-CLDI.

先前的研究表明，柔性液体阻尼器（CLDI）系统，特别是具有负刚度（NS）元件的系统，可以有效地降低单桩支撑海上风力发电塔（mowtt）在地震、风和海浪等多种危险下的振动。这些研究假设单桩固定在地基上。但实际中，在动荷载作用下，单桩与土体之间存在动力相互作用，影响了阻尼系统的性能。本研究探讨了单桩-土相互作用（MSI）对设计用于MOWTT的负刚度辅助柔性液体阻尼器（NS-CLDI）控制效果的影响。建立了mowtt -阻尼器组合系统的运动方程。选择5mw NREL MOWTT作为实例结构进行数值分析。土壤参数来源于相关文献。100个地震地面运动记录，缩放到0.1克，以及5个风浪荷载被用来创建一个多重灾害的场景。单桩与土之间的耦合用分布弹簧表示土的刚度来模拟。结果表明，MSI增加了非控制塔的位移和加速度响应。在阻尼器设计过程中，以峰值地震响应和风浪响应均方根作为目标函数。使用基于遗传算法的多目标优化框架最小化这些OFs。确定了两组最优NS-CLDI参数：一组用于控制侧侧（SS）振动，另一组用于控制前后（FA）振动。考虑时域和频域多危害条件下MSI对NS-CLDI的控制效果进行了评价。虽然NS-CLDI可以显著降低SS和FA方向的振动，但在阻尼器设计过程中忽略MSI会导致NS-CLDI严重低估MOWTT响应。

{"title":"Effect of monopile-soil interaction on performance of negative stiffness-assisted compliant liquid dampers-inerter designed for offshore wind turbine towers","authors":"Anupam Das , Tanmoy Konar","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104861","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104861","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research has shown that compliant liquid damper-inerter (CLDI) systems, especially with a negative stiffness (NS) element, effectively reduce vibrations of monopile-supported offshore wind turbine towers (MOWTTs) exposed to multiple hazards, including earthquakes, wind, and waves. These studies assumed the monopile to be fixed at the base. However, in reality, dynamic interaction occurs between the monopile and soil under dynamic loading, which affects the damper system's performance. This study explores the impact of monopile-soil interaction (MSI) on the control effectiveness of a negative stiffness-assisted compliant liquid damper-inerter (NS-CLDI) designed for an MOWTT. The equations of motion are developed for the combined MOWTT-damper system. A 5-MW NREL MOWTT is selected as the case structure for the numerical analysis. Soil parameters are obtained from relevant literature. One hundred earthquake ground motion records, scaled to 0.1 g, and five wind-wave loadings are used to create a multi-hazard scenario. The coupling between the monopile and soil is modelled using distributed springs representing the soil stiffness. Results reveal that MSI increases both displacement and acceleration responses of the uncontrolled tower. During the damper design, the peak seismic responses and root mean square wind-wave responses serve as objective functions (OFs). These OFs are minimized using a genetic algorithm-based multi-objective optimization framework. Two sets of optimal NS-CLDI parameters are identified: one for controlling side-side (SS) vibrations, and another for fore-aft (FA) vibrations. The control effectiveness of NS-CLDI is evaluated considering MSI under multi-hazard conditions in both time and frequency domains. While NS-CLDI can significantly reduce vibrations in both SS and FA directions, neglecting MSI during damper design leads to a serious underestimation of MOWTT responses with NS-CLDI.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104861"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analyzing the structural integrity of retrofitted jacket substructures for an offshore wind turbine under nonlinear dynamic loading 非线性动力载荷作用下海上风力机改型导管套子结构的结构完整性分析

IF 4.4 2区工程技术 Q1 ENGINEERING, OCEAN

Applied Ocean Research

Pub Date : 2025-11-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.apor.2025.104862

Muhammad Moman Shahzad , Muhammad Hassaan Farooq Khan , Daeyong Lee

The worldwide impetus for sustainable energy has catalyzed an expansion in offshore wind farm installations; however, the adaptation of 15 MW turbines to existing jacket foundations introduces novel challenges due to the intricate, non-linear marine load conditions. In this research, comprehensive finite-element analyses were performed to assess two retrofitting strategies under the influence of combined wind, wave, and current forces, evaluated across seven distinct wind-wave orientations and three actual geographic locations (Gunsan, Oido, Buan), in addition to one controlled synthetic environment. The findings reveal that Configuration 2, which integrates optimized bracing and tailored member dimensions, markedly decreases peak stress concentrations by over 50 %, mitigates strain hotspots, and reduces lateral and rotational displacements by nearly 50 % when compared to Configuration 1. These enhancements correspond directly to improved fatigue lifespan and decreased sensitivity to variations in load directions, which are essential for ensuring reliable, low-maintenance operation over extended periods in marine environments. By elucidating how targeted design alterations can modernize original jacket systems for next-generation turbines, this study addresses a critical knowledge deficit and provides actionable insights for engineers involved in the retrofitting of foundations to accommodate increasingly larger offshore wind projects.

世界范围内对可持续能源的推动促进了海上风电场装置的扩大；然而，由于复杂的、非线性的海洋载荷条件，将15兆瓦涡轮机适应现有的导管基础带来了新的挑战。在这项研究中，除了一个受控的合成环境外，还对七个不同的风浪方向和三个实际地理位置（群山、Oido、扶安）进行了全面的有限元分析，以评估在风、浪和水流综合力量影响下的两种改造策略。研究结果表明，与配置1相比，配置2集成了优化的支撑和定制的构件尺寸，显著降低了峰值应力集中50%以上，缓解了应变热点，并将横向和旋转位移减少了近50%。这些改进直接对应于延长的疲劳寿命和降低对负载方向变化的敏感性，这对于确保在海洋环境中长时间可靠、低维护的运行至关重要。通过阐明有针对性的设计变更如何使下一代涡轮机的原有导管套系统现代化，本研究解决了一个关键的知识缺陷，并为参与基础改造以适应日益扩大的海上风电项目的工程师提供了可行的见解。

{"title":"Analyzing the structural integrity of retrofitted jacket substructures for an offshore wind turbine under nonlinear dynamic loading","authors":"Muhammad Moman Shahzad , Muhammad Hassaan Farooq Khan , Daeyong Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104862","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.apor.2025.104862","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The worldwide impetus for sustainable energy has catalyzed an expansion in offshore wind farm installations; however, the adaptation of 15 MW turbines to existing jacket foundations introduces novel challenges due to the intricate, non-linear marine load conditions. In this research, comprehensive finite-element analyses were performed to assess two retrofitting strategies under the influence of combined wind, wave, and current forces, evaluated across seven distinct wind-wave orientations and three actual geographic locations (Gunsan, Oido, Buan), in addition to one controlled synthetic environment. The findings reveal that Configuration 2, which integrates optimized bracing and tailored member dimensions, markedly decreases peak stress concentrations by over 50 %, mitigates strain hotspots, and reduces lateral and rotational displacements by nearly 50 % when compared to Configuration 1. These enhancements correspond directly to improved fatigue lifespan and decreased sensitivity to variations in load directions, which are essential for ensuring reliable, low-maintenance operation over extended periods in marine environments. By elucidating how targeted design alterations can modernize original jacket systems for next-generation turbines, this study addresses a critical knowledge deficit and provides actionable insights for engineers involved in the retrofitting of foundations to accommodate increasingly larger offshore wind projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8261,"journal":{"name":"Applied Ocean Research","volume":"165 ","pages":"Article 104862"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145576199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0