Rice husk is biomass that can be utilized as fuel for biomass gasification as a renewable energy source. In this paper, thermochemical methods were used to determine the higher heating values, moisture content, bulk density, pellet density, microstructure, and elemental composition of Thai Rice Husk (Oryza Sativa Linn). The heating energy was analyzed using a bomb calorimeter, which showed a higher heating value of 15.46 MJ/kg. Determination of pellet density through rice husk powder pelletization exhibited a value of 1.028 g/cm3, while moisture content was 5.017 wt%. The heating value and moisture content revealed good agreement with the literature values, indicating the potentiality of rice hush for energy generation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the raw rice husk and its ash have similar porosity types but different bulk structure. Elemental analysis using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) indicated that rice husk contains O, Si, C while O and C percentages were drastically decreased during combustion. The obtained heating value and moisture content proved that rice husk could be used as a bio-energy source in biomass gasification for power generation.
{"title":"Thermochemical Characterization of Rice Husk (Oryza Sativa Linn) for Power Generation","authors":"N. Radenahmad, M. S. Reza, M. S. Bakar, A. Azad","doi":"10.22146/ajche.59267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.59267","url":null,"abstract":"Rice husk is biomass that can be utilized as fuel for biomass gasification as a renewable energy source. In this paper, thermochemical methods were used to determine the higher heating values, moisture content, bulk density, pellet density, microstructure, and elemental composition of Thai Rice Husk (Oryza Sativa Linn). The heating energy was analyzed using a bomb calorimeter, which showed a higher heating value of 15.46 MJ/kg. Determination of pellet density through rice husk powder pelletization exhibited a value of 1.028 g/cm3, while moisture content was 5.017 wt%. The heating value and moisture content revealed good agreement with the literature values, indicating the potentiality of rice hush for energy generation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the raw rice husk and its ash have similar porosity types but different bulk structure. Elemental analysis using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) indicated that rice husk contains O, Si, C while O and C percentages were drastically decreased during combustion. The obtained heating value and moisture content proved that rice husk could be used as a bio-energy source in biomass gasification for power generation.","PeriodicalId":8490,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68295342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fire-retardants (FRs) are additives used to improve the fire-resistance of combustible materials. New generations of FRs must be effective and eco-friendly. Traditional inorganic FRs are non-hazardous but have limited fire-retardancy. Here, we aim to develop an innovative way to enhance the fire-retardancy of inorganic FRs. We synthesized a new type of FRs, called mATH, whose compositions are similar to soda-silicate glass (xNa 2 O.yK 2 O.zSiO 2 .tAl 2 O 3 ). When applied to unsaturated polyester resin, mATH showed a much better performance than traditional aluminum trihydroxide (ATH). The better performance of mATH originated from its new working mechanism. Dehydrated mATH, as a soda-silicate glass, melts under the heat of the fire, which causes heat sink and produces a molten glass. The molten glass forms a charred insulating layer that prevents oxygen from contacting the interior combustible materials. This phenomenon significantly contributes to the fire-retarding behavior of mATH. Our findings open a new method for developing effective eco-friendly FRs.
{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of New Eco-Friendly Fire-Retardants Based on Soda-Silicate Glass","authors":"N. Nguyen, V. T. La, T. Le, Suong Thu Huynh","doi":"10.22146/ajche.53954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.53954","url":null,"abstract":"Fire-retardants (FRs) are additives used to improve the fire-resistance of combustible materials. New generations of FRs must be effective and eco-friendly. Traditional inorganic FRs are non-hazardous but have limited fire-retardancy. Here, we aim to develop an innovative way to enhance the fire-retardancy of inorganic FRs. We synthesized a new type of FRs, called mATH, whose compositions are similar to soda-silicate glass (xNa 2 O.yK 2 O.zSiO 2 .tAl 2 O 3 ). When applied to unsaturated polyester resin, mATH showed a much better performance than traditional aluminum trihydroxide (ATH). The better performance of mATH originated from its new working mechanism. Dehydrated mATH, as a soda-silicate glass, melts under the heat of the fire, which causes heat sink and produces a molten glass. The molten glass forms a charred insulating layer that prevents oxygen from contacting the interior combustible materials. This phenomenon significantly contributes to the fire-retarding behavior of mATH. Our findings open a new method for developing effective eco-friendly FRs.","PeriodicalId":8490,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"120-129"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42368017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nurul Farhanah Mohd Kusaimi, F. Hamzah, J. Jai, N. Zaki, N. Ibrahim
Eco Processed Pozzolan (EPP) is derived from Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) by the calcination process via heat treatment in the palm oil refining industry. EPP can be used as a partial replacement of cement as it contains a high amount of silica and has pozzolanic properties. Besides its properties, the sustainable production of EPP in the palm oil industry, abundantly available, and cheaper raw material have opened an opportunity to explore it as a cement substitute in pavement industries. This research aimed to study the properties of pozzolanic EPP and discover its potential as a partial substitute of cement in the pavement block's development. The compressive strength and water absorption of the formulated pavement block using EPP were analyzed in this study. Two sets of paving blocks were developed, namely, Set A, EPP was added as a partial replacement of the cement in pavement formulation at 20% - 90%, while in Set B, integration of EPP and Fly Ash (FA) was used as a partial replacement of the cement. The results indicated that the maximum addition of EPP into pavement formulation was 20%. The increment of EPP as a cement substitute in a formulation of more than 20% has reduced the compressive strength and increased the water absorption of the pavement. Simultaneously, the addition of FA and EPP in the formulation of hybrid pavement in Set B shows that the addition of FA has improved the compressive strength of the pavement and less water absorption was detected. The pavement’s highest compressive strength by addition of FA was 36MPa at the EPP was added of 15 – 20%. The study indicated that EPP could be used as a partial substitute of the cement, but addition of FA might require to improve pavement compressive strength.
{"title":"Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Pavement Derived from Palm Oil Eco Processed Pozzolan (EPP) Material as Partial Cement Replacement","authors":"Nurul Farhanah Mohd Kusaimi, F. Hamzah, J. Jai, N. Zaki, N. Ibrahim","doi":"10.22146/ajche.60230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.60230","url":null,"abstract":"Eco Processed Pozzolan (EPP) is derived from Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) by the calcination process via heat treatment in the palm oil refining industry. EPP can be used as a partial replacement of cement as it contains a high amount of silica and has pozzolanic properties. Besides its properties, the sustainable production of EPP in the palm oil industry, abundantly available, and cheaper raw material have opened an opportunity to explore it as a cement substitute in pavement industries. This research aimed to study the properties of pozzolanic EPP and discover its potential as a partial substitute of cement in the pavement block's development. The compressive strength and water absorption of the formulated pavement block using EPP were analyzed in this study. Two sets of paving blocks were developed, namely, Set A, EPP was added as a partial replacement of the cement in pavement formulation at 20% - 90%, while in Set B, integration of EPP and Fly Ash (FA) was used as a partial replacement of the cement. The results indicated that the maximum addition of EPP into pavement formulation was 20%. The increment of EPP as a cement substitute in a formulation of more than 20% has reduced the compressive strength and increased the water absorption of the pavement. Simultaneously, the addition of FA and EPP in the formulation of hybrid pavement in Set B shows that the addition of FA has improved the compressive strength of the pavement and less water absorption was detected. The pavement’s highest compressive strength by addition of FA was 36MPa at the EPP was added of 15 – 20%. The study indicated that EPP could be used as a partial substitute of the cement, but addition of FA might require to improve pavement compressive strength.","PeriodicalId":8490,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"205-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47640837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stickiness during milk spray drying can lead to the agglomeration of milk powder and damage the processing equipment. A mathematical model can achieve a better understanding. In this work, the Distinct Element Method (DEM) simultaneously with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to describe skim milk powder's agglomeration process. The study comprised 2 parts: surface stickiness mechanism and agglomeration of sticky powder. Start with particle formation, the droplet size, and the number of particles produced can be calculated and used to predict the droplet's surface stickiness. These reveal the effect of moisture content, droplet surface temperature, droplet size after drying, and sticky point temperature. Then, the agglomeration of sticky powder inside the spray chamber was predicted. Besides, the particle and fluid motion inside the spray chamber were also determined. Then, the particle size distribution after agglomeration was obtained. Furthermore, parts of the model were validated with the experimental data of Williams et al. (2009), which has three different droplet sizes, 56.8, 78.28, and 108.5 micrometers. The results gave the same trend as the sticky surface of the powder. The droplet's moisture contents rapidly decreased in the first period and fell to a critical value, which was 0.044, 0.048, and 0.061 kg water/kg solid, respectively. The periods of a sticky surface were around 0.033, 0.03, and 0.024 seconds. The largest droplet size was selected for the study of the agglomeration process. This model could predict the agglomeration of sticky powder since there were 216 from 900 droplets agglomerated. Moreover, the largest droplet size was 100.6 micrometers, and the most popular was 79.9 micrometers, which were the size of the un-agglomerated powder.
{"title":"Mathematical Model for Agglomeration Process of Milk Powder","authors":"Sunatra Auamwong, T. Srinophakun","doi":"10.22146/ajche.55479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.55479","url":null,"abstract":"Stickiness during milk spray drying can lead to the agglomeration of milk powder and damage the processing equipment. A mathematical model can achieve a better understanding. In this work, the Distinct Element Method (DEM) simultaneously with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to describe skim milk powder's agglomeration process. The study comprised 2 parts: surface stickiness mechanism and agglomeration of sticky powder. Start with particle formation, the droplet size, and the number of particles produced can be calculated and used to predict the droplet's surface stickiness. These reveal the effect of moisture content, droplet surface temperature, droplet size after drying, and sticky point temperature. Then, the agglomeration of sticky powder inside the spray chamber was predicted. Besides, the particle and fluid motion inside the spray chamber were also determined. Then, the particle size distribution after agglomeration was obtained. Furthermore, parts of the model were validated with the experimental data of Williams et al. (2009), which has three different droplet sizes, 56.8, 78.28, and 108.5 micrometers. The results gave the same trend as the sticky surface of the powder. The droplet's moisture contents rapidly decreased in the first period and fell to a critical value, which was 0.044, 0.048, and 0.061 kg water/kg solid, respectively. The periods of a sticky surface were around 0.033, 0.03, and 0.024 seconds. The largest droplet size was selected for the study of the agglomeration process. This model could predict the agglomeration of sticky powder since there were 216 from 900 droplets agglomerated. Moreover, the largest droplet size was 100.6 micrometers, and the most popular was 79.9 micrometers, which were the size of the un-agglomerated powder.","PeriodicalId":8490,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"154-164"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48843196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A combination of the experimental and numerical methods was used to investigate the fluid flow behaviors in a proposed cyclone burner. Recirculation flow and pressure drop, two of the important fluid flow behaviors that affect the burner's performance, have been studied here. Experimentally, the recirculation flow phenomenon in the burner was observed through paper slices dynamic in a transparent burner, and pressure drop was measured using a tube manometer. Meanwhile numerically, the fluid flow behaviors were simulated using the standard k-e turbulence model, under Ansys-Fluent software. The simulation results showed that, at a certain value of inlet aspect ratio (R IA ) and initial tangential intensity (I IT ), especially for high I IT , the recirculation flow phenomenon was clearly observed in the center of the burner cylinder which closely resembles a tornado-tail. The indication of existence recirculation flow was also found from the experiment results. The study also exhibited that the results of simulated static pressure drop were closely approaching the experiment results, particularly for I IT values £ 4.3. The mean deviation of static pressure between the simulation and the experiment results, for a varied range of R IA and I IT ,was about 15%. From the results above, it was obvious that fluid flow behaviors (recirculation flow and static pressure) in the proposed cyclone burner are greatly influenced by the R IA and I IT values, where the I IT effect was more significant compared to the R IA . This study also suggests that, the standard k-e turbulence model could be relied upon to well predict the behaviors of fluid flow in the proposed cyclone burner, at low to moderate swirl intensities.
{"title":"Experimental and Numerical Investigations of Fluid Flow Behaviors in a Biomass Cyclone Burner","authors":"Pasymi Pasymi, Y. Budhi, Y. Bindar","doi":"10.22146/ajche.56708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.56708","url":null,"abstract":"A combination of the experimental and numerical methods was used to investigate the fluid flow behaviors in a proposed cyclone burner. Recirculation flow and pressure drop, two of the important fluid flow behaviors that affect the burner's performance, have been studied here. Experimentally, the recirculation flow phenomenon in the burner was observed through paper slices dynamic in a transparent burner, and pressure drop was measured using a tube manometer. Meanwhile numerically, the fluid flow behaviors were simulated using the standard k-e turbulence model, under Ansys-Fluent software. The simulation results showed that, at a certain value of inlet aspect ratio (R IA ) and initial tangential intensity (I IT ), especially for high I IT , the recirculation flow phenomenon was clearly observed in the center of the burner cylinder which closely resembles a tornado-tail. The indication of existence recirculation flow was also found from the experiment results. The study also exhibited that the results of simulated static pressure drop were closely approaching the experiment results, particularly for I IT values £ 4.3. The mean deviation of static pressure between the simulation and the experiment results, for a varied range of R IA and I IT ,was about 15%. From the results above, it was obvious that fluid flow behaviors (recirculation flow and static pressure) in the proposed cyclone burner are greatly influenced by the R IA and I IT values, where the I IT effect was more significant compared to the R IA . This study also suggests that, the standard k-e turbulence model could be relied upon to well predict the behaviors of fluid flow in the proposed cyclone burner, at low to moderate swirl intensities.","PeriodicalId":8490,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"88-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42285849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hairul Huda, R. Handogo, T. R. Biyanto, Wei Wu, Vincentius Surya Kurnia Adi
Heat exchanger networks (HENs) play an important role in the chemical industries. Unfortunately, fouling is inevitable in heat exchangers operation. Therefore, the optimal cleaning procedure is required to restore heat exchangers' performance periodically. A systematic cleaning scheduling strategy for the heat exchanger network in an oil refinery is proposed in this work. There are 11 operating heat exchangers in an oil refinery to be reviewed. Different cleaning decision scenarios based on the overall heat transfer coefficient are explored for optimal cleaning schedule performance. The daily number of exchangers available to be cleaned i.e., the unit cleanability, is investigated while minimizing the energy consumption and the additional heat requirement due to the offline heat exchanger under cleaning procedure. The HEN performance and the energy-saving from the cleaning procedures are benchmarked with the uncleaned HEN. The results indicate that the cleaning procedure significantly increases the HEN performance and simultaneously reduces the heat requirement if compared to the untreated HEN benchmark. The possible conflicting situation is discussed when some heat exchangers are waiting to be cleaned due to the unit cleanability restriction, which allows the overall heat transfer coefficient to be below the allowed limit. Therefore, nonconflicting cleaning scheduling is also addressed in this work by relaxing the unit cleanability limit. Furthermore, the optimal cleaning schedule is also suggested for user reference. In this work, the optimum cleaning schedule with minimum energy consumption and maximum energy saving could be achieved when cleaning decision limit is set at 40% decrease of overall heat transfer coefficient. In the contrast, the lowest number of cleaning procedures is associated with 90% decrease in the overall heat transfer coefficient as the cleaning decision limit.
{"title":"Oil Refinery Heat Exchanger Network Cleaning Scheduling Strategy with Unit Cleanability Consideration","authors":"Hairul Huda, R. Handogo, T. R. Biyanto, Wei Wu, Vincentius Surya Kurnia Adi","doi":"10.22146/ajche.51880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.51880","url":null,"abstract":"Heat exchanger networks (HENs) play an important role in the chemical industries. Unfortunately, fouling is inevitable in heat exchangers operation. Therefore, the optimal cleaning procedure is required to restore heat exchangers' performance periodically. A systematic cleaning scheduling strategy for the heat exchanger network in an oil refinery is proposed in this work. There are 11 operating heat exchangers in an oil refinery to be reviewed. Different cleaning decision scenarios based on the overall heat transfer coefficient are explored for optimal cleaning schedule performance. The daily number of exchangers available to be cleaned i.e., the unit cleanability, is investigated while minimizing the energy consumption and the additional heat requirement due to the offline heat exchanger under cleaning procedure. The HEN performance and the energy-saving from the cleaning procedures are benchmarked with the uncleaned HEN. The results indicate that the cleaning procedure significantly increases the HEN performance and simultaneously reduces the heat requirement if compared to the untreated HEN benchmark. The possible conflicting situation is discussed when some heat exchangers are waiting to be cleaned due to the unit cleanability restriction, which allows the overall heat transfer coefficient to be below the allowed limit. Therefore, nonconflicting cleaning scheduling is also addressed in this work by relaxing the unit cleanability limit. Furthermore, the optimal cleaning schedule is also suggested for user reference. In this work, the optimum cleaning schedule with minimum energy consumption and maximum energy saving could be achieved when cleaning decision limit is set at 40% decrease of overall heat transfer coefficient. In the contrast, the lowest number of cleaning procedures is associated with 90% decrease in the overall heat transfer coefficient as the cleaning decision limit.","PeriodicalId":8490,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"31-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49542049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Othman, I. Saaid, Afaque Ahmed, N. Yusof, R. Yahya, M. A. S. Yunos, E. N. E. Chik, M. R. Shari, H. Hassan, A. Mahmood
An intervention of radiotracer technology in the EOR program has been initiated using commercial core-flood set up. A commercial type of Berea core is used throughout the experiment. 99m Tc is chosen as a radioactive tracer for this experiment, which has a half-life of 6 hours and emits gamma rays’ energy of 0.104MeV. It is a liquid radiotracer with the activity of 10GBq (270mCi), eluted and prepared by Institute Cancer of Malaysia (IKN) before transporting it to the laboratory at Centre of Research in Enhanced Oil Recovery (COREOR), Universiti Teknologi Petronas. The experiment was conducted after 3.5 half-lives. Thus the activity has reduced to approximately (1.48GBq) 40mCi during injection inside the system. The results can be used to assist the reservoir engineer in determining the exact water-tracer breakthrough, localize the location of water-tracer concerning time, and determine the residence time distribution and mean residence time of the core flood where the hydrodynamics of the flow can be predicted. Moreover, the introduction of radiotracer inside the core flood rig can be translated as secondary oil recovery. The idea is to integrate radiotracer technology into the existing commercial core flood set up (FES350) to track the movement of fluid during water-flooding operation. Besides, it can be considered as the first interaction of radiotracer in the enhanced oil recovery application studies in Malaysia.
放射性示踪剂技术在EOR项目中的干预已经开始使用商业岩心驱油装置。在整个实验中使用了一种商用的Berea岩心。本次实验选用99m Tc作为放射性示踪剂，其半衰期为6小时，释放出的伽马射线能量为0.104MeV。它是一种液体放射性示踪剂，活性为10GBq (270mCi)，由马来西亚癌症研究所(IKN)洗脱和制备，然后运送到马来西亚石油大学(Universiti technologii Petronas)提高石油采收率研究中心(COREOR)的实验室。实验在3.5个半衰期后进行。因此，在注入系统内时，活度降低到大约(1.48GBq) 40mCi。研究结果可以帮助油藏工程师确定水示踪剂的准确突破点，确定水示踪剂在时间上的位置，确定岩心洪水的停留时间分布和平均停留时间，从而预测流体动力学。此外，在岩心驱油钻机内引入放射性示踪剂可转化为二次采油。他们的想法是将放射性示踪剂技术整合到现有的商用岩心驱油装置(FES350)中，以跟踪水驱作业期间流体的运动。此外，它可以被认为是放射性示踪剂在马来西亚提高采收率应用研究中的第一个相互作用。
{"title":"Investigation of Water-Flooding Activity Using Radiotracer Technology in Commercial Core-Flood Set Up","authors":"N. Othman, I. Saaid, Afaque Ahmed, N. Yusof, R. Yahya, M. A. S. Yunos, E. N. E. Chik, M. R. Shari, H. Hassan, A. Mahmood","doi":"10.22146/ajche.51902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.51902","url":null,"abstract":"An intervention of radiotracer technology in the EOR program has been initiated using commercial core-flood set up. A commercial type of Berea core is used throughout the experiment. 99m Tc is chosen as a radioactive tracer for this experiment, which has a half-life of 6 hours and emits gamma rays’ energy of 0.104MeV. It is a liquid radiotracer with the activity of 10GBq (270mCi), eluted and prepared by Institute Cancer of Malaysia (IKN) before transporting it to the laboratory at Centre of Research in Enhanced Oil Recovery (COREOR), Universiti Teknologi Petronas. The experiment was conducted after 3.5 half-lives. Thus the activity has reduced to approximately (1.48GBq) 40mCi during injection inside the system. The results can be used to assist the reservoir engineer in determining the exact water-tracer breakthrough, localize the location of water-tracer concerning time, and determine the residence time distribution and mean residence time of the core flood where the hydrodynamics of the flow can be predicted. Moreover, the introduction of radiotracer inside the core flood rig can be translated as secondary oil recovery. The idea is to integrate radiotracer technology into the existing commercial core flood set up (FES350) to track the movement of fluid during water-flooding operation. Besides, it can be considered as the first interaction of radiotracer in the enhanced oil recovery application studies in Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":8490,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"49-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44340765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. C. Batac, N. S. Gathercole, A. Maravilla, A. Beltran
A method known as Bicarbonate-based Integrated Carbon Capture an d Algae Production System (BICCAPS) , is a growing study introduced as an alternative to current carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) methods. It is a closed-loop cycle involving inorganic carbon in the form of bicarbonates, which is consumed by microalgae for growth and utilizes the regenerated carbonates for another cycle of carbon capture. Existing literature requires more in-depth experimentation and analysis with regards to the viability of different microorganisms to the rising method. Spirulina platensis was evaluated in BICCAPS using 0.1M Na 2 CO 3 , employing three different culture media for growth, namely, modified Zarrouk’s, NPK- based, and NPK- based with A 5 solution media. Biomass growth, productivity, and carbon dioxide utilization were investigated to determine the effectivity of BICCAPS as a carbon sequestration technique. At control conditions, NPK-based with A 5 solution medium yielded the highest productivity with a value of 10.81 mg L -1 day -1 . Likewise, using NaHCO 3 as a carbon source, results show that the highest productivity was achieved also under NPK- based with A 5 solution medium with a value of 6.80 mg L -1 day -1 , as well as a high carbon conversion value of 2.092 day -1 .
{"title":"Evaluation of Spirulina platensis in Bicarbonate- Based Integrated Carbon Capture and Algae Production System utilizing different culture media","authors":"C. C. Batac, N. S. Gathercole, A. Maravilla, A. Beltran","doi":"10.22146/ajche.52762","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.52762","url":null,"abstract":"A method known as Bicarbonate-based Integrated Carbon Capture an d Algae Production System (BICCAPS) , is a growing study introduced as an alternative to current carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) methods. It is a closed-loop cycle involving inorganic carbon in the form of bicarbonates, which is consumed by microalgae for growth and utilizes the regenerated carbonates for another cycle of carbon capture. Existing literature requires more in-depth experimentation and analysis with regards to the viability of different microorganisms to the rising method. Spirulina platensis was evaluated in BICCAPS using 0.1M Na 2 CO 3 , employing three different culture media for growth, namely, modified Zarrouk’s, NPK- based, and NPK- based with A 5 solution media. Biomass growth, productivity, and carbon dioxide utilization were investigated to determine the effectivity of BICCAPS as a carbon sequestration technique. At control conditions, NPK-based with A 5 solution medium yielded the highest productivity with a value of 10.81 mg L -1 day -1 . Likewise, using NaHCO 3 as a carbon source, results show that the highest productivity was achieved also under NPK- based with A 5 solution medium with a value of 6.80 mg L -1 day -1 , as well as a high carbon conversion value of 2.092 day -1 .","PeriodicalId":8490,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"77-87"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41820983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khairiah Mohd Mokhtar, Che Rosmani Che Hassan, R. Md. Kasmani, M. D. Hamid, M. I. Mohamad Nor, Mohd Usman Mohd Junaidi
Dust explosion is considered as a serious threat for the industry that use or handle combustible materials as it may lead towards a significant economic loss in terms of damage to the facilities and suspension of activities, severe workplace injuries and fatalities. The rapid pressure developed during a dust explosion can be mitigated by venting. The present work explored the effects of venting on the explosion of different mixing weight ratios of aluminium and silver powder mixtures. The explosion characteristics of aluminium-silver mixtures were assessed in a 0.0012 m 3 confined and vented cylindrical vessel. It was found that the application of 0.1 bar static burst pressure (P stat ) venting membrane gives one tenth reduction on explosion pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise for 70:30 and 50:50 mixing weight ratios of aluminium-silver mixtures explosion, respectively. This finding suggests that besides the venting application effect, the oxidation reaction of aluminium could be disrupted due to the presence of silver powder in the metal mixtures which results in lower heat transfer and reduction of the mass burning rate, hence, lessen flame speeds and explosion severity. However, the venting effectiveness is reduced when the P stat increases. In order to assess the applicability of the dust explosion venting standard; NFPA 68 and EN 14491, the experimental results were compared with the calculated values according to the standards. The comparative results show that, both NFPA 68 and EN 14491 give underestimated values for explosion venting as compared with the experimental results.
{"title":"Effect of Venting on the Explosion of Aluminium-Silver Powder Mixtures","authors":"Khairiah Mohd Mokhtar, Che Rosmani Che Hassan, R. Md. Kasmani, M. D. Hamid, M. I. Mohamad Nor, Mohd Usman Mohd Junaidi","doi":"10.22146/ajche.51850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.51850","url":null,"abstract":"Dust explosion is considered as a serious threat for the industry that use or handle combustible materials as it may lead towards a significant economic loss in terms of damage to the facilities and suspension of activities, severe workplace injuries and fatalities. The rapid pressure developed during a dust explosion can be mitigated by venting. The present work explored the effects of venting on the explosion of different mixing weight ratios of aluminium and silver powder mixtures. The explosion characteristics of aluminium-silver mixtures were assessed in a 0.0012 m 3 confined and vented cylindrical vessel. It was found that the application of 0.1 bar static burst pressure (P stat ) venting membrane gives one tenth reduction on explosion pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise for 70:30 and 50:50 mixing weight ratios of aluminium-silver mixtures explosion, respectively. This finding suggests that besides the venting application effect, the oxidation reaction of aluminium could be disrupted due to the presence of silver powder in the metal mixtures which results in lower heat transfer and reduction of the mass burning rate, hence, lessen flame speeds and explosion severity. However, the venting effectiveness is reduced when the P stat increases. In order to assess the applicability of the dust explosion venting standard; NFPA 68 and EN 14491, the experimental results were compared with the calculated values according to the standards. The comparative results show that, both NFPA 68 and EN 14491 give underestimated values for explosion venting as compared with the experimental results.","PeriodicalId":8490,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41564992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. P. Anugraha, Annasit Annasit, A. Altway, J. Juwari, R. Handogo
Natural gas is one of the cleanest energy resources and may have potency to replace crude oil as main energy resource in several decades. There are some aspects which must be concern in the development of the natural gas industry including processing, storing, distributing and utilizing of the natural gas. The network of natural gas supply also should be generated to obtain the maximum natural gas recovery. However, it is difficult to determine the most suitable network system to connect the supply and demand of natural gas due to their different time scale, flowrate and capacity. There are some studies which investigating the network system to connect the supply and demand of natural gas but there are no systematical method in determination of the optimum natural gas network in single region supply-chain using pinch analysis. Therefore, in this study, a systematical method was developed to design natural gas network system in single region (East Java) using pinch analysis. The concept of natural gas cascade calculation was introduced. The heuristics of natural gas pairing between source and sink streams in grid diagram analysis was developed. Using 0-year time minimum difference give the amount of unutilized supply with value of 258.4 billion standard cubic feet (BCF) while 3-year time minimum difference give the amount of alternative and unutilized supply with value of 639.3 BCF and 897.7 BCF, respectively. The grid diagram heuristics developed in this study gives same results with the cascade calculation result.
{"title":"The Optimization of Natural Gas Utilization Network in Single Region Using Pinch Analysis Method","authors":"R. P. Anugraha, Annasit Annasit, A. Altway, J. Juwari, R. Handogo","doi":"10.22146/ajche.51953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22146/ajche.51953","url":null,"abstract":"Natural gas is one of the cleanest energy resources and may have potency to replace crude oil as main energy resource in several decades. There are some aspects which must be concern in the development of the natural gas industry including processing, storing, distributing and utilizing of the natural gas. The network of natural gas supply also should be generated to obtain the maximum natural gas recovery. However, it is difficult to determine the most suitable network system to connect the supply and demand of natural gas due to their different time scale, flowrate and capacity. There are some studies which investigating the network system to connect the supply and demand of natural gas but there are no systematical method in determination of the optimum natural gas network in single region supply-chain using pinch analysis. Therefore, in this study, a systematical method was developed to design natural gas network system in single region (East Java) using pinch analysis. The concept of natural gas cascade calculation was introduced. The heuristics of natural gas pairing between source and sink streams in grid diagram analysis was developed. Using 0-year time minimum difference give the amount of unutilized supply with value of 258.4 billion standard cubic feet (BCF) while 3-year time minimum difference give the amount of alternative and unutilized supply with value of 639.3 BCF and 897.7 BCF, respectively. The grid diagram heuristics developed in this study gives same results with the cascade calculation result.","PeriodicalId":8490,"journal":{"name":"ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering","volume":"20 1","pages":"57-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44215753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：