Pub Date : 2020-12-14DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2020/v3i430128
M. I. Hossain, M. Hossain
Incorporating Parikh and Wilczek’s opinion Hawking radiations of Kerr-Newman-de Sitter (KNdS) black hole has been investigated by Hamilton-Jacobi method. We have assumed the space time background as dynamical, energy and angular momentum as conserved incorporating the self-gravitation effect of the emitted particles. We have shown that the massive particle tunneling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the derived emission spectrum deviates from the pure thermal spectrum.
{"title":"Hawking Radiations of Kerr-Newman Black Hole in de Sitter Spacetime by Hamilton-Jacobi Method","authors":"M. I. Hossain, M. Hossain","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2020/v3i430128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2020/v3i430128","url":null,"abstract":"Incorporating Parikh and Wilczek’s opinion Hawking radiations of Kerr-Newman-de Sitter (KNdS) black hole has been investigated by Hamilton-Jacobi method. We have assumed the space time background as dynamical, energy and angular momentum as conserved incorporating the self-gravitation effect of the emitted particles. We have shown that the massive particle tunneling rate is related to the change of Bekenstein-Hawking entropy and the derived emission spectrum deviates from the pure thermal spectrum.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74598473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-22DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2022/v6i130177
F. Abu-Ajamieh
We tackle the issue of the factorial growth in the amplitudes of multi-Higgs production at high energy by developing a phenomenological approach based on the Higgs splitting functions and Sudakov factors. We utilize the method of generating functionals to define several jet observables for the Higgs sector. Our results suggest that pure Higgs splittings should retain a good Ultraviolet (UV) behavior in contrast to the common picture represented by the breakdown of perturbation theory and the violation of unitarity due to the high multiplicity of particles produced at or near threshold, which is found in scalar theories. We thus argue that the issue of the factorial growth in the amplitude of multi-Higgs production is probably associated with applying perturbation theory in a regime where it is no longer valid and with the n(lambda) (to) (infty) limit, as opposed to being a sign of new physics.
{"title":"A Phenomenological Approach to Multi-Higgs Production at High Energy","authors":"F. Abu-Ajamieh","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2022/v6i130177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2022/v6i130177","url":null,"abstract":"We tackle the issue of the factorial growth in the amplitudes of multi-Higgs production at high energy by developing a phenomenological approach based on the Higgs splitting functions and Sudakov factors. We utilize the method of generating functionals to define several jet observables for the Higgs sector. Our results suggest that pure Higgs splittings should retain a good Ultraviolet (UV) behavior in contrast to the common picture represented by the breakdown of perturbation theory and the violation of unitarity due to the high multiplicity of particles produced at or near threshold, which is found in scalar theories. We thus argue that the issue of the factorial growth in the amplitude of multi-Higgs production is probably associated with applying perturbation theory in a regime where it is no longer valid and with the n(lambda) (to) (infty) limit, as opposed to being a sign of new physics.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87219547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-11-07DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2019/v2i430108
Sadiq H. Khoreem, A. Meftah, T. T. Alnahari
Sn–5wt%Sb is one of the materials considered for replacing Pb-bearing alloys in electronic packaging. The mechanical response of Sn–5wt% Sb solder alloy has been tested under different strain rates and three deformation temperatures. The behavior of true strain–time of Sn–5wt% Sb solder alloy has been investigated over strain rates of and deformation temperatures of 313, 333, and 353 K. Three-load creep tests were carried out at each temperature for of the wire samples to alloys. The deformation behavior and grain growth mechanism were investigated by strain-time curve analysis and microstructure observations. The results obtained show that the general characteristics of strain-time curve and microstructure of Sn-5wt% Sb alloy sensitively depend on the deformation temperature and strain rate. New free grains have been nucleated in microstructures in the process of dynamic recrystallization. These grains grow during deformation, forming coarser structure and elongation. The dynamic recrystallization and grain growth increase with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate. From the steady state creep rate the stress exponent is described in terms of the heat treatment temperatures. The stress exponent (n) were determined to clarify the deformation mechanism. Based on the n values, it is suggested that the rate controlling creep-deformation mechanism is dislocation climb. This study revealed that the solder alloy Sn–5wt%Sb have potential to give a good combination of higher creep resistance and rupture time.
{"title":"Effect of Deformation on the Mechanical Properties of Sn-5wt%Sb Alloy","authors":"Sadiq H. Khoreem, A. Meftah, T. T. Alnahari","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2019/v2i430108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2019/v2i430108","url":null,"abstract":"Sn–5wt%Sb is one of the materials considered for replacing Pb-bearing alloys in electronic packaging. The mechanical response of Sn–5wt% Sb solder alloy has been tested under different strain rates and three deformation temperatures. The behavior of true strain–time of Sn–5wt% Sb solder alloy has been investigated over strain rates of and deformation temperatures of 313, 333, and 353 K. Three-load creep tests were carried out at each temperature for of the wire samples to alloys. The deformation behavior and grain growth mechanism were investigated by strain-time curve analysis and microstructure observations. The results obtained show that the general characteristics of strain-time curve and microstructure of Sn-5wt% Sb alloy sensitively depend on the deformation temperature and strain rate. New free grains have been nucleated in microstructures in the process of dynamic recrystallization. These grains grow during deformation, forming coarser structure and elongation. The dynamic recrystallization and grain growth increase with increasing deformation temperature and decreasing strain rate. From the steady state creep rate the stress exponent is described in terms of the heat treatment temperatures. The stress exponent (n) were determined to clarify the deformation mechanism. Based on the n values, it is suggested that the rate controlling creep-deformation mechanism is dislocation climb. This study revealed that the solder alloy Sn–5wt%Sb have potential to give a good combination of higher creep resistance and rupture time.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89119536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-21DOI: 10.9734/AJR2P/2019/V2I430105
M. Chowdhury, M. Rashid, M. A. Rahman, A. Z. Ahmed
In this present study we have systematically calculated the free energy of formation for FexNi1-x binary alloys at a thermodynamic state T = 1920 K. A microscopic theory bases on first order perturbation theory along with a reference hard sphere liquid has been applied. The interionic interaction is described by Bretonnet-Silbert local pseudopotential that capable of takes into account the s-d hybridization in electro-ion interaction in transition metals. The effective hard sphere diameters have been determined using linearized Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (LWCA) perturbation theory and the partial structure calculated in line with Ashcroft and Langreths original work. The calculated theoretical value and available experimental data for free energy of formation are in agreement quite satisfactorily.
{"title":"Study of Energy of Formation for FexNi1-x Liquid Binary Alloys","authors":"M. Chowdhury, M. Rashid, M. A. Rahman, A. Z. Ahmed","doi":"10.9734/AJR2P/2019/V2I430105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJR2P/2019/V2I430105","url":null,"abstract":"In this present study we have systematically calculated the free energy of formation for FexNi1-x binary alloys at a thermodynamic state T = 1920 K. A microscopic theory bases on first order perturbation theory along with a reference hard sphere liquid has been applied. The interionic interaction is described by Bretonnet-Silbert local pseudopotential that capable of takes into account the s-d hybridization in electro-ion interaction in transition metals. The effective hard sphere diameters have been determined using linearized Weeks-Chandler-Andersen (LWCA) perturbation theory and the partial structure calculated in line with Ashcroft and Langreths original work. The calculated theoretical value and available experimental data for free energy of formation are in agreement quite satisfactorily.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76176297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-13DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2019/v2i330104
O. Esi, O. Edomi, Peter O. Odedede
The ionizing radiation has the tendency of causing damage to man and its environments, hence the assessment of indoor and outdoor background ionizing radiation level in Delta State School of Marine Technology, Burutu, Delta State, Nigeria, was carried out using well calibrated and tested radiation meter (Digilert 100). The study was done in a period of ten calendar months. The purpose of this study is to obtain baseline data for indoor and outdoor Background Ionizing Radiation (BIR) level and health effect on man and the environment. For the indoor and outdoor measurement, readings were taken in three consecutive times in one location at a height of 1 meter above the ground for each point. The geographical positioning system (GPS) was equally employed in determining the coordinates of the area. The results from BIR measurement revealed that indoor readings range from 0,009 mRhr-1 to 0,019 mRhr-1 with a mean value of 0,015 mRhr-1 and for the outdoor ranges 0,010 mRhr-1 to 0,020 mRhr-1 with a mean value of 0,014 mRhr-1. The radiation health parameters calculated, for dose rate and Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE) have their mean values to be 1,135 mGyr-1 and 1,035 mGyr-1 for indoor and 0,635 mSvyr-1 and 0,145 mSvyr-1 for outdoor respectively. But the mean values of Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks (ELCR) for indoor and outdoor are 1,729 and 0,394 respectively. The deviation in BIR level and its radiological parameters are attributed to oil and gas activities in the study areas. The implication is that the area is radiologically unhealthy, the effect may not be significant but long term exposure may be dangerous. Therefore, it is imperative for radiation protection agencies to swing into regulatory action and there should be monitoring of the environment in order to reduce pollution.
{"title":"Assessment of Indoor and Outdoor Background Ionizing Radiation Level in School of Marine Technology, Burutu, Delta State, Nigeria","authors":"O. Esi, O. Edomi, Peter O. Odedede","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2019/v2i330104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2019/v2i330104","url":null,"abstract":"The ionizing radiation has the tendency of causing damage to man and its environments, hence the assessment of indoor and outdoor background ionizing radiation level in Delta State School of Marine Technology, Burutu, Delta State, Nigeria, was carried out using well calibrated and tested radiation meter (Digilert 100). The study was done in a period of ten calendar months. The purpose of this study is to obtain baseline data for indoor and outdoor Background Ionizing Radiation (BIR) level and health effect on man and the environment. For the indoor and outdoor measurement, readings were taken in three consecutive times in one location at a height of 1 meter above the ground for each point. The geographical positioning system (GPS) was equally employed in determining the coordinates of the area. The results from BIR measurement revealed that indoor readings range from 0,009 mRhr-1 to 0,019 mRhr-1 with a mean value of 0,015 mRhr-1 and for the outdoor ranges 0,010 mRhr-1 to 0,020 mRhr-1 with a mean value of 0,014 mRhr-1. The radiation health parameters calculated, for dose rate and Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE) have their mean values to be 1,135 mGyr-1 and 1,035 mGyr-1 for indoor and 0,635 mSvyr-1 and 0,145 mSvyr-1 for outdoor respectively. But the mean values of Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks (ELCR) for indoor and outdoor are 1,729 and 0,394 respectively. The deviation in BIR level and its radiological parameters are attributed to oil and gas activities in the study areas. The implication is that the area is radiologically unhealthy, the effect may not be significant but long term exposure may be dangerous. Therefore, it is imperative for radiation protection agencies to swing into regulatory action and there should be monitoring of the environment in order to reduce pollution.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84113959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-07-04DOI: 10.9734/ajr2p/2019/v2i330103
M. Israil
Challenges in high speed data transmission technology over time varying fading channels is addressed in this paper. More precisely, the signal processing at the receiver side has to be analyzed for such systems, as it is well known that the mobile radio channels are characterized by frequency selective fast fading is typically introduced error in the received signal. Thus, the performance of the receiver severely degraded because of such factors. Specifically, this paper deals with the detection using a matched filter followed by low weight near maximum likelihood detector (NMLD) for the application of digital signal processing in outdoor vehicular radio environments. Nearly Maximum Likelihood Detection depends on the length of the stored vectors as well as depends on the numbers of the stored vector. In [1] complexity is reduced by reducing the stored vectors, in this paper same NMLD used but the complexity of the matched filter is reduced by some variance. Finally, the bit error rate (BER) is measured with signal to noise ratio.
{"title":"Matched Filter Based Detection over Time Varying Fading Channels with Reduced Complexity","authors":"M. Israil","doi":"10.9734/ajr2p/2019/v2i330103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajr2p/2019/v2i330103","url":null,"abstract":"Challenges in high speed data transmission technology over time varying fading channels is addressed in this paper. More precisely, the signal processing at the receiver side has to be analyzed for such systems, as it is well known that the mobile radio channels are characterized by frequency selective fast fading is typically introduced error in the received signal. Thus, the performance of the receiver severely degraded because of such factors. Specifically, this paper deals with the detection using a matched filter followed by low weight near maximum likelihood detector (NMLD) for the application of digital signal processing in outdoor vehicular radio environments. Nearly Maximum Likelihood Detection depends on the length of the stored vectors as well as depends on the numbers of the stored vector. In [1] complexity is reduced by reducing the stored vectors, in this paper same NMLD used but the complexity of the matched filter is reduced by some variance. Finally, the bit error rate (BER) is measured with signal to noise ratio.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84656159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-10DOI: 10.9734/AJR2P/2019/V2I330101
Aeran Kim
In this article we consider the two end-points of the string to be attached to D-brane with the different Born-Infeld field strength F and calculate the total momenta for the special case.
本文考虑连接在d膜上具有不同玻恩-因菲尔德场强F的弦的两个端点，并计算了特殊情况下的总动量。
{"title":"Open String under the Modified Born-Infeld Field","authors":"Aeran Kim","doi":"10.9734/AJR2P/2019/V2I330101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJR2P/2019/V2I330101","url":null,"abstract":"In this article we consider the two end-points of the string to be attached to D-brane with the different Born-Infeld field strength F and calculate the total momenta for the special case.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74260449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-10DOI: 10.9734/AJR2P/2019/V2I330102
U. Seshavatharam, S. Lakshminarayana
With reference to authors recently proposed three virtual atomic gravitational constants and nuclear elementary charge, close to stable mass numbers, it is possible to show that, squared neutron number plays a major role in reducing nuclear binding energy. In this context, Z=30 onwards, ‘inverse of the strong coupling constant’, can be inferred as a representation of the maximum strength of nuclear interaction and 10.09 MeV can be considered as a characteristic nuclear binding energy coefficient. Coulombic energy coefficient being 0.695 MeV, semi empirical mass formula - volume, surface, asymmetric and pairing energy coefficients can be shown to be 15.29 MeV, 15.29 MeV, 23.16 MeV and 10.09 MeV respectively. Volume and Surface energy terms can be represented with (A-A2/3-1)*15.29 MeV. With reference to nuclear potential of 1.162 MeV and coulombic energy coefficient, close to stable mass numbers, nuclear binding energy can be fitted with two simple terms having an effective binding energy coefficient of [10.09-(1.162+0.695)/2] = 9.16 MeV. Nuclear binding energy can also be fitted with five terms having a single energy coefficient of 10.09 MeV. With further study, semi empirical mass formula can be simplified with respect to strong coupling constant.
{"title":"On the Role of Squared Neutron Number in Reducing Nuclear Binding Energy in the Light of Electromagnetic, Weak and Nuclear Gravitational Constants – A Review","authors":"U. Seshavatharam, S. Lakshminarayana","doi":"10.9734/AJR2P/2019/V2I330102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJR2P/2019/V2I330102","url":null,"abstract":"With reference to authors recently proposed three virtual atomic gravitational constants and nuclear elementary charge, close to stable mass numbers, it is possible to show that, squared neutron number plays a major role in reducing nuclear binding energy. In this context, Z=30 onwards, ‘inverse of the strong coupling constant’, can be inferred as a representation of the maximum strength of nuclear interaction and 10.09 MeV can be considered as a characteristic nuclear binding energy coefficient. Coulombic energy coefficient being 0.695 MeV, semi empirical mass formula - volume, surface, asymmetric and pairing energy coefficients can be shown to be 15.29 MeV, 15.29 MeV, 23.16 MeV and 10.09 MeV respectively. Volume and Surface energy terms can be represented with (A-A2/3-1)*15.29 MeV. With reference to nuclear potential of 1.162 MeV and coulombic energy coefficient, close to stable mass numbers, nuclear binding energy can be fitted with two simple terms having an effective binding energy coefficient of [10.09-(1.162+0.695)/2] = 9.16 MeV. Nuclear binding energy can also be fitted with five terms having a single energy coefficient of 10.09 MeV. With further study, semi empirical mass formula can be simplified with respect to strong coupling constant.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89904756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-12DOI: 10.9734/AJR2P/2019/V2I330100
Yusuf I. A. Koleleni, Seriver Tafisa
Wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer was used to analyze heavy metal concentration in soils and vegetables. The soil and vegetable samples were randomly collected from Minjingu village of Manyara region in Tanzania. The results indicate the soils to be contaminated with heavy metals with mean concentrations of 53±0.4 For Mn, 40±0.2 for Sr, 2059±4.2 for Fe, 760±2.7 for Al, 12±0.3 for Cs and 4±0.04 for Ni in mg/kg which was above the Maximum Tolerable Limits (MTLs). Except Cl was below MDL. While vegetables recorded the mean concentrations of 60±1.2 for Mn, 68±0.1 for Sr, 620±2.36 for Fe, 284±1,13 for Al, 56±0.5 for Cs, 13±0.1 for Ni and 714±0.7 for Cl in mg/kg. The reference and experimental results of soil and vegetables revealed that the optimized machine has given the best results, where the experimental data was very close to the reference values The reference material of soil 7 and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 395 for vegetables shows the deviation of less than 2%.The Minimum Detection Limit (MDL) for vegetables and soil of the WDXRF spectrometer was obtained under low back ground for different matrix effects. There were high correlation coefficient of heavy metals in soils and vegetables at 99% level. The findings indicate that Minjingu soils and grown vegetables were highly contaminated with heavy metals mainly from soils and polluted air, at levels able to pose detrimental health effects to the consumers. Thus need of regular monitoring of the grown vegetables around phosphate mines is recommended.
{"title":"Assessment of Vegetables and Soils from Minjingu Village-Tanzania using WDXRF Technique","authors":"Yusuf I. A. Koleleni, Seriver Tafisa","doi":"10.9734/AJR2P/2019/V2I330100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJR2P/2019/V2I330100","url":null,"abstract":"Wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometer was used to analyze heavy metal concentration in soils and vegetables. The soil and vegetable samples were randomly collected from Minjingu village of Manyara region in Tanzania. The results indicate the soils to be contaminated with heavy metals with mean concentrations of 53±0.4 For Mn, 40±0.2 for Sr, 2059±4.2 for Fe, 760±2.7 for Al, 12±0.3 for Cs and 4±0.04 for Ni in mg/kg which was above the Maximum Tolerable Limits (MTLs). Except Cl was below MDL. While vegetables recorded the mean concentrations of 60±1.2 for Mn, 68±0.1 for Sr, 620±2.36 for Fe, 284±1,13 for Al, 56±0.5 for Cs, 13±0.1 for Ni and 714±0.7 for Cl in mg/kg. The reference and experimental results of soil and vegetables revealed that the optimized machine has given the best results, where the experimental data was very close to the reference values The reference material of soil 7 and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) 395 for vegetables shows the deviation of less than 2%.The Minimum Detection Limit (MDL) for vegetables and soil of the WDXRF spectrometer was obtained under low back ground for different matrix effects. There were high correlation coefficient of heavy metals in soils and vegetables at 99% level. The findings indicate that Minjingu soils and grown vegetables were highly contaminated with heavy metals mainly from soils and polluted air, at levels able to pose detrimental health effects to the consumers. Thus need of regular monitoring of the grown vegetables around phosphate mines is recommended.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77525547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-11DOI: 10.9734/AJR2P/2019/V2I230099
S. Das
Objective of this paper is verification of newly developed formula of charge storage in capacitor as q = c*v, in RC circuit, to get validation for ideal loss less capacitor as well as fractional order capacitors for charging and discharging cases. This new formula is different to usual and conventional way of writing capacitance multiplied by voltage to get charge stored in a capacitor i.e. q = cv. We use this new formulation i.e. q = c*v in RC circuits to verify the results that are obtained via classical circuit theory, for a case of classical loss less capacitor as well as fractional capacitor. The use of this formulation is suited for super-capacitors, as they show fractional order in their behavior. This new formula is used to get the ‘memory effect’ that is observed in self-discharging phenomena of super-capacitors-that memorizes its history of charging profile. Special emphasis is given to detailed derivational steps in order to clarity in usage of this new formula in the RC circuit examples. This paper validates the new formula of charge storage in capacitor i.e. q = c*v.
{"title":"Theoretical Verification of Formula for Charge Function in Time q = c * v in RC Circuit for Charging/Discharging of Fractional & Ideal Capacitor","authors":"S. Das","doi":"10.9734/AJR2P/2019/V2I230099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/AJR2P/2019/V2I230099","url":null,"abstract":"Objective of this paper is verification of newly developed formula of charge storage in capacitor as q = c*v, in RC circuit, to get validation for ideal loss less capacitor as well as fractional order capacitors for charging and discharging cases. This new formula is different to usual and conventional way of writing capacitance multiplied by voltage to get charge stored in a capacitor i.e. q = cv. We use this new formulation i.e. q = c*v in RC circuits to verify the results that are obtained via classical circuit theory, for a case of classical loss less capacitor as well as fractional capacitor. The use of this formulation is suited for super-capacitors, as they show fractional order in their behavior. This new formula is used to get the ‘memory effect’ that is observed in self-discharging phenomena of super-capacitors-that memorizes its history of charging profile. Special emphasis is given to detailed derivational steps in order to clarity in usage of this new formula in the RC circuit examples. This paper validates the new formula of charge storage in capacitor i.e. q = c*v.","PeriodicalId":8529,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research and Reviews in Physics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81333378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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