Pub Date : 2023-03-27DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i1227
E. M. Ale, Steve Osagie Asuelimen, V. I. Ayo, O. Akinseye, David Chinonso Anih, Bilyaminu Habibu, Siman Rambo Samaila
Daniellia oliveri is one of the most extensively utilized medicinal plants in Nigeria and some West African countries for the treatment of various ailments. In the present study, the GC-MS profiles and effect of ethanolic extracts of stem bark and leaves of Daniellia oliveri on lipid peroxidation, Na+/K+-ATPase activity and thiols status in H2O2 and Fe2+ (fenton reaction) assaulted cerebral and hepatic tissue homogenates was investigated. The stem bark and leaves were extracted with absolute ethanol for 72hrs and concentrated in a rotary evaporator. Wistar rats were euthanized and the brains and livers were removed, homogenized, centrifuged and the supernatants were used for lipid peroxidation, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and thiol assays in the presence of prooxidants (1mM H2O2 or 10μM Fe2+ or H2O2 and Fe2+).The results revealed that ethanol extract of both the leaf and stem-bark inhibited lipid peroxidation induced by H2O2, Fe2+ and combination of H2O2 and Fe2+ and this was evident in the reduction of lipid peroxidation adducts formation in rat liver and brain homogenates with the stem-bark possessing more efficacy. Furthermore, the results of Na+/K+-ATPase and thiol assays revealed that H2O2 and Fe2+ inhibited the activity of cerebral Na+/K+-ATPase, while H2O2/Fe2+ caused a marked reduction in the levels of both protein and non-protein thiols in the tissues homogenates. However, the ethanolic extract of Daniellia oliveri extirpated this anomaly by increasing the activity of cerebral Na+/K+-ATPase as well as the thiol level in the rat hepatic and cerebral tissues. Finally, GC-MS analysis was carried out on the ethanolic extracts of the stem bark and leaves of Daniellia oliveri and results revealed the presence of 21 compounds including 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3-amine, 1H-Indole-2-carboxylic acid, 2-Ethylacridine, Ethyl 2-(2-chloroacetamido)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(3-fluoroanilino) propionate and trans-1-Butyl-2-methylcyclopropane in the stem bark and 10 compounds including Methylthio-acetonitrile, 2-Methyl-Z,Z-3,13-octadecadienol, Desulphosinigrin and 4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diamine in the leaves, justifying the observed biological activities of Daniellia oliveri and the higher potency of the stem bark may be attributed to the presence of more bioactive constituents found in it. This study therefore justifies the medicinal usage of leaves and stem-bark of Daniellia oliveri and suggests its consideration in the treatment and management of degeneration diseases with etiology associated with oxidative stress.
{"title":"A Comparative Study on GC-MS Profiles and Effect of Ethanolic Extracts of Stem-Bark and Leaves of Daniellia oliveri on Cerebral Sodium Pump and Thiols Status in Fenton Reaction Treated Rat Organs In-vitro","authors":"E. M. Ale, Steve Osagie Asuelimen, V. I. Ayo, O. Akinseye, David Chinonso Anih, Bilyaminu Habibu, Siman Rambo Samaila","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i1227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i1227","url":null,"abstract":"Daniellia oliveri is one of the most extensively utilized medicinal plants in Nigeria and some West African countries for the treatment of various ailments. In the present study, the GC-MS profiles and effect of ethanolic extracts of stem bark and leaves of Daniellia oliveri on lipid peroxidation, Na+/K+-ATPase activity and thiols status in H2O2 and Fe2+ (fenton reaction) assaulted cerebral and hepatic tissue homogenates was investigated. The stem bark and leaves were extracted with absolute ethanol for 72hrs and concentrated in a rotary evaporator. Wistar rats were euthanized and the brains and livers were removed, homogenized, centrifuged and the supernatants were used for lipid peroxidation, Na+/K+-ATPase activity, and thiol assays in the presence of prooxidants (1mM H2O2 or 10μM Fe2+ or H2O2 and Fe2+).The results revealed that ethanol extract of both the leaf and stem-bark inhibited lipid peroxidation induced by H2O2, Fe2+ and combination of H2O2 and Fe2+ and this was evident in the reduction of lipid peroxidation adducts formation in rat liver and brain homogenates with the stem-bark possessing more efficacy. Furthermore, the results of Na+/K+-ATPase and thiol assays revealed that H2O2 and Fe2+ inhibited the activity of cerebral Na+/K+-ATPase, while H2O2/Fe2+ caused a marked reduction in the levels of both protein and non-protein thiols in the tissues homogenates. However, the ethanolic extract of Daniellia oliveri extirpated this anomaly by increasing the activity of cerebral Na+/K+-ATPase as well as the thiol level in the rat hepatic and cerebral tissues. Finally, GC-MS analysis was carried out on the ethanolic extracts of the stem bark and leaves of Daniellia oliveri and results revealed the presence of 21 compounds including 1,2-Benzisothiazol-3-amine, 1H-Indole-2-carboxylic acid, 2-Ethylacridine, Ethyl 2-(2-chloroacetamido)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(3-fluoroanilino) propionate and trans-1-Butyl-2-methylcyclopropane in the stem bark and 10 compounds including Methylthio-acetonitrile, 2-Methyl-Z,Z-3,13-octadecadienol, Desulphosinigrin and 4H-1,2,4-triazole-3,5-diamine in the leaves, justifying the observed biological activities of Daniellia oliveri and the higher potency of the stem bark may be attributed to the presence of more bioactive constituents found in it. This study therefore justifies the medicinal usage of leaves and stem-bark of Daniellia oliveri and suggests its consideration in the treatment and management of degeneration diseases with etiology associated with oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89439527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-21DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i1226
Ibeagi, A. Chinedu, Muhammed, Y. Bawa, Bamidele, O. Titilayo, Daikwo, A. Moses, Ashikaa, A. Benedict
Background: Human fertility control (family planning) is among the major approaches through which unwanted pregnancy can be curbed. Hence, utilization of medicinal herbs in the development and formulation of products, as an alternative to conventional drugs, is one of the method options to achieve this. Aim: This study was designed to assess the contraceptive potentials of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta, through evaluating its effects on fertility hormones, pregnancy status, and body weight of female albino rats. Method: This experiment was conducted using thirty five (35) sexually matured albino rats. Using a CRD, the rats were randomly divided into five (5) groups of seven (7) rats each, with five (5) female and two (2) male replicate assigned to each group. The Control group (Group 1) did not receive any treatment. The females in the standard group (Group 2) were administerd with levonorgestrel-etinyl estradiol (standard drug) 7.5/0.75mg/kg b.w./day p.o. The females in the test groups (Groups 3, 4 and 5) were administered the plant extract at different doses of 100mg/kg b.w./day (Low dose), 200mg/kg b.w./day (Medium dose) and 400mg/kg b.w./day (High dose) p.o. respectively, for 28days. The initial and final body weights of the animals were measured. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta, as well as the GC-MS analysis were also performed using standard methods. Furthermore, the effects of the extract were checked on the reproductive hormones (FSH, LH, Progesterone and Estrogen), pregnancy status as well as the body weight of the animals. Results: The results revealed the presence of bioactive compounds in the hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta which may be responsible for the contraceptive potentials of the plant. There were decreased levels of FSH across the groups. There was no pregnancy outcome in group 5 (high-dose group). And there was a significant weight reduction in group 5 (high-dose group). Conclusion: The result suggested that the hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta has suppressive effects on the reproductive hormones (especially the gonadotropins) at higher dose, thereby establishing its contraceptive potentials as confirmed by the pregnancy outcome. Also, the extract is capable of significantly decreasing body weight at a high dose.
{"title":"Effects of Hydro-ethanolic Leaf Extract of Sida acuta on Female Albino Rats’ Reproductive Potential and Weight: An Interventional Study","authors":"Ibeagi, A. Chinedu, Muhammed, Y. Bawa, Bamidele, O. Titilayo, Daikwo, A. Moses, Ashikaa, A. Benedict","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i1226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i1226","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Human fertility control (family planning) is among the major approaches through which unwanted pregnancy can be curbed. Hence, utilization of medicinal herbs in the development and formulation of products, as an alternative to conventional drugs, is one of the method options to achieve this. \u0000Aim: This study was designed to assess the contraceptive potentials of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta, through evaluating its effects on fertility hormones, pregnancy status, and body weight of female albino rats. \u0000Method: This experiment was conducted using thirty five (35) sexually matured albino rats. Using a CRD, the rats were randomly divided into five (5) groups of seven (7) rats each, with five (5) female and two (2) male replicate assigned to each group. The Control group (Group 1) did not receive any treatment. The females in the standard group (Group 2) were administerd with levonorgestrel-etinyl estradiol (standard drug) 7.5/0.75mg/kg b.w./day p.o. The females in the test groups (Groups 3, 4 and 5) were administered the plant extract at different doses of 100mg/kg b.w./day (Low dose), 200mg/kg b.w./day (Medium dose) and 400mg/kg b.w./day (High dose) p.o. respectively, for 28days. The initial and final body weights of the animals were measured. The qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses of hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta, as well as the GC-MS analysis were also performed using standard methods. Furthermore, the effects of the extract were checked on the reproductive hormones (FSH, LH, Progesterone and Estrogen), pregnancy status as well as the body weight of the animals. \u0000Results: The results revealed the presence of bioactive compounds in the hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta which may be responsible for the contraceptive potentials of the plant. There were decreased levels of FSH across the groups. There was no pregnancy outcome in group 5 (high-dose group). And there was a significant weight reduction in group 5 (high-dose group). \u0000Conclusion: The result suggested that the hydro-ethanolic leaf extract of Sida acuta has suppressive effects on the reproductive hormones (especially the gonadotropins) at higher dose, thereby establishing its contraceptive potentials as confirmed by the pregnancy outcome. Also, the extract is capable of significantly decreasing body weight at a high dose.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90429496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i1225
Hayrullah Yazar, H. Yuvacı, B. Elmas
Objective: Our aim in this study; is to determine zinc, copper and copper/zinc ratios in third-trimester pregnant women with a new laboratory method. Methods: In this research conducted on 59 pregnant women in the last trimester, Those diagnosed with preeclampsia, preterm birth, postmaturity, and gestational diabetes were excluded from the study. In pregnant blood serums, zinc and copper levels were studied on fully automatic analyzers with a new method. The new technique kits used in the study are Rel Assay Diagnostics brand. The zinc ion reacted with 5-Br-PAPS and gave an absorbance at a wavelength of 548 nm in direct proportion to the total zinc level. The copper ion reacted with 3,5-DiBr-PAESA and showed absorbance at 572 nm in direct proportion to the total copper level. Zinc and copper measurements were made in this way by the colourimetric method. Additionally, copper/zinc ratios were calculated. In addition, determined the APGAR (Activity-Pulse-Grimace-Appearance-Respiration) score of the babies. Statistical studies of the obtained data were performed at p<0.05 significance level. Results: Zinc and copper parameters; No statistically significant relationship was found in the analyzes performed with gestational age, gestational week, birth weight, APGAR score, gravida and the number of living children (p>0.05). In addition, it was observed that there was no difference in zinc and copper/zinc ratios in the evaluations made according to the gender of the baby (p>0.05). On the other hand, copper levels in pregnant women; were found to be significantly higher in female fetuses (200.72±36.36) than in males (164.17±42.47) (p<0.001). Conclusion: Although the copper values of pregnant women with female fetuses are significantly higher, these results require more comprehensive studies. On the other hand, there is not relationship between zinc, copper and copper/zinc values and APGAR scores.
{"title":"Role of Copper and Zinc in Full-term Pregnancy and İts Effect on Apgar Score","authors":"Hayrullah Yazar, H. Yuvacı, B. Elmas","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i1225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i1225","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Our aim in this study; is to determine zinc, copper and copper/zinc ratios in third-trimester pregnant women with a new laboratory method. \u0000Methods: In this research conducted on 59 pregnant women in the last trimester, Those diagnosed with preeclampsia, preterm birth, postmaturity, and gestational diabetes were excluded from the study. In pregnant blood serums, zinc and copper levels were studied on fully automatic analyzers with a new method. The new technique kits used in the study are Rel Assay Diagnostics brand. The zinc ion reacted with 5-Br-PAPS and gave an absorbance at a wavelength of 548 nm in direct proportion to the total zinc level. The copper ion reacted with 3,5-DiBr-PAESA and showed absorbance at 572 nm in direct proportion to the total copper level. Zinc and copper measurements were made in this way by the colourimetric method. Additionally, copper/zinc ratios were calculated. In addition, determined the APGAR (Activity-Pulse-Grimace-Appearance-Respiration) score of the babies. Statistical studies of the obtained data were performed at p<0.05 significance level. \u0000Results: Zinc and copper parameters; No statistically significant relationship was found in the analyzes performed with gestational age, gestational week, birth weight, APGAR score, gravida and the number of living children (p>0.05). In addition, it was observed that there was no difference in zinc and copper/zinc ratios in the evaluations made according to the gender of the baby (p>0.05). On the other hand, copper levels in pregnant women; were found to be significantly higher in female fetuses (200.72±36.36) than in males (164.17±42.47) (p<0.001). \u0000Conclusion: Although the copper values of pregnant women with female fetuses are significantly higher, these results require more comprehensive studies. On the other hand, there is not relationship between zinc, copper and copper/zinc values and APGAR scores.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91528275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-25DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i1224
D. C. Onyia, E. Onyeneke, T. Okunwaye, E. Okogbenin, B. O. Okogbenin, E. Idabie, N. U. Asiriuwa, H. Anemene
Cellulolytic fungi have shown potential applications in various industries such as pulp and paper, agriculture, biofuel production, and textile. The purpose of this is study to isolate, screen and identify cellulolytic fungi from palm. Twenty (20) fungi strains were isolated and screened. Seven (7) isolates: 3 Aspergillus spp, (2) Trichoderma spp, 1 Rhizopus species, and 1 Penicillium spp had significant cellulolytic activity. Trichoderma species, C (from palm pressed fiber), showed the highest clearance zone of 11.5mm. Also, Rhizopus species (A) and Trichoderma species (B) (from empty fruit bunch and palm pressed fiber, respectively), showed high clearance zone of 8.5mm, and 6.5mm, respectively, with Aspergillus species (D and E) (palm truck and empty fruit bunch), having the most minor clearance zone of 1.0mm, each for the 3-5 days assayed. All the fungi isolates elicited high mycelia weight by the 4th day, with Trichoderma species(C) having the highest; 0.79g, followed by Trichoderma species (B) (0.58g) and Aspergillus species (D) (0.53g). Aspergillus species (E) (0.38g) showed the least mycelia weight. Trichoderma species, Rhizopus species, and Aspergillus species isolated and screened could be potential sources of cellulases for industrial application.
{"title":"Cellulolytic Fungi from Palm Pressed Fiber, Empty Fruit Bunch, and Palm Trunk","authors":"D. C. Onyia, E. Onyeneke, T. Okunwaye, E. Okogbenin, B. O. Okogbenin, E. Idabie, N. U. Asiriuwa, H. Anemene","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i1224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i1224","url":null,"abstract":"Cellulolytic fungi have shown potential applications in various industries such as pulp and paper, agriculture, biofuel production, and textile. The purpose of this is study to isolate, screen and identify cellulolytic fungi from palm. Twenty (20) fungi strains were isolated and screened. Seven (7) isolates: 3 Aspergillus spp, (2) Trichoderma spp, 1 Rhizopus species, and 1 Penicillium spp had significant cellulolytic activity. Trichoderma species, C (from palm pressed fiber), showed the highest clearance zone of 11.5mm. Also, Rhizopus species (A) and Trichoderma species (B) (from empty fruit bunch and palm pressed fiber, respectively), showed high clearance zone of 8.5mm, and 6.5mm, respectively, with Aspergillus species (D and E) (palm truck and empty fruit bunch), having the most minor clearance zone of 1.0mm, each for the 3-5 days assayed. All the fungi isolates elicited high mycelia weight by the 4th day, with Trichoderma species(C) having the highest; 0.79g, followed by Trichoderma species (B) (0.58g) and Aspergillus species (D) (0.53g). Aspergillus species (E) (0.38g) showed the least mycelia weight. Trichoderma species, Rhizopus species, and Aspergillus species isolated and screened could be potential sources of cellulases for industrial application.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90510511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-05DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i1223
I. A. Kankara, A. Ibrahim, H. Ade
Aims: This research investigated the curative effects of Moringa oleifera (MO), Treculia africana (T.A.), and Albizzia chevalieri (A.C.) plant extracts on the liver function indices in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Study Design: Albino rats were grouped into five (5) main groups MO, TA, A.C., Normal Control (N.C.), and Diabetic Control (D.C.) groups. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, between May 2021 and July 2021. Methodology: Diabetes mellitus was caused by a single dose intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan 150 mg/kg body weight. Liver function indices were determined using standard methods. Results: Intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of Alloxan in the albino rats resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, Direct and Total bilirubin while total protein concentration was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the diabetic albino rats when compared with that of the non-diabetic rats (N.C.) group. Oral administration of MO, TA, and A.C. extracts to the diabetic albino rats for 21 days significantly (p<0.05) decreased AST, ALT, and ALP activities, direct and total bilirubin concentration. While total protein concentration was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the diabetes-treated groups. Histopathological studies confirmed the toxic effect of Alloxan in the liver of induced diabetic albino rats and the hepatocurative effect of the studied medicinal plants. MO (800mg/kg) demonstrated the most significant (p<0.05) curative effect compared to T.A. and A.C. Possible mechanism for hepatocurative of the studied medicinal plants may be due to free radical scavenging potential in the plant extracts. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that Moringa oleifera, in a dose-dependent manner, has the most potent hepatocurative effect, followed by Albizzia chevalieri, then Trecullia Africana against Alloxan-induced liver damage.
{"title":"Hepatocurative Effect of Some Ethnomedicinal Plants on Liver Function Indices in Alloxan- Induced Diabetic Rats","authors":"I. A. Kankara, A. Ibrahim, H. Ade","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i1223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i1223","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: This research investigated the curative effects of Moringa oleifera (MO), Treculia africana (T.A.), and Albizzia chevalieri (A.C.) plant extracts on the liver function indices in Alloxan-induced diabetic rats. \u0000Study Design: Albino rats were grouped into five (5) main groups MO, TA, A.C., Normal Control (N.C.), and Diabetic Control (D.C.) groups. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Federal Polytechnic Kaura Namoda, between May 2021 and July 2021. \u0000Methodology: Diabetes mellitus was caused by a single dose intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan 150 mg/kg body weight. Liver function indices were determined using standard methods. \u0000Results: Intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg/kg of Alloxan in the albino rats resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, Direct and Total bilirubin while total protein concentration was significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the diabetic albino rats when compared with that of the non-diabetic rats (N.C.) group. Oral administration of MO, TA, and A.C. extracts to the diabetic albino rats for 21 days significantly (p<0.05) decreased AST, ALT, and ALP activities, direct and total bilirubin concentration. While total protein concentration was significantly (p<0.05) increased in the diabetes-treated groups. Histopathological studies confirmed the toxic effect of Alloxan in the liver of induced diabetic albino rats and the hepatocurative effect of the studied medicinal plants. MO (800mg/kg) demonstrated the most significant (p<0.05) curative effect compared to T.A. and A.C. Possible mechanism for hepatocurative of the studied medicinal plants may be due to free radical scavenging potential in the plant extracts. \u0000Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of the present study demonstrate that Moringa oleifera, in a dose-dependent manner, has the most potent hepatocurative effect, followed by Albizzia chevalieri, then Trecullia Africana against Alloxan-induced liver damage.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88587349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4222
Ashikaa, B. Ande, Zaruwa, M. Zira, Muhammed, B. Yusuf, Bamidele, O. Titilayo, H. Sunday
Herbal remedies have been used for the treatment of various diseases as they contain phytochemicals with useful pharmacological activities. The plant Stachytarpheta angustifolia has been used traditionally as anti-ulcer, anti-diarrhoea, anti-hypertensive, anti-fever, anti-helminth, anti-bacteria and antidiabetics. This study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties of Stachytarpheta angustifolia. The whole plant was extracted with Methanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The extract obtained was screened for phytochemicals, free radical scavenging activity using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), in vitro anti-inflammatory (protein denaturation inhibition) activity using bovine serum albumin (BSA), in vivo anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced paw edema and analgesic activity using hot plate methods. Results of the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of Saponins and Alkaloids in copious amounts, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides and quinones in moderate amounts; while, phenol, tannins, steroids, and coumarins were present in low amounts. The free radical scavenging activity of the extract was 71.93 and 70.80% at concentrations of 500 and 250 µg/ml compared to Vitamin C and Vitamin E (92.56 and 84.17%), respectively. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was dose-dependent (31.58%) and higher than Aspirin (28.32%). The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was 79.10% compared to Aspirin (78.33%). The analgesic activity of the extract was (62.01%) compared to Aspirin (59.15%). The study found that the extract possessed various phytoconstituents that can be used for medicinal purposes. Hence, the extract may serve as a source of drugs for the management of pain and inflammatory conditions.
{"title":"Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Properties of Stachytarpheta angustifolia Mill Vahl (Verbenaceae) Methanol Extract","authors":"Ashikaa, B. Ande, Zaruwa, M. Zira, Muhammed, B. Yusuf, Bamidele, O. Titilayo, H. Sunday","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4222","url":null,"abstract":"Herbal remedies have been used for the treatment of various diseases as they contain phytochemicals with useful pharmacological activities. The plant Stachytarpheta angustifolia has been used traditionally as anti-ulcer, anti-diarrhoea, anti-hypertensive, anti-fever, anti-helminth, anti-bacteria and antidiabetics. This study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties of Stachytarpheta angustifolia. The whole plant was extracted with Methanol using Soxhlet apparatus. The extract obtained was screened for phytochemicals, free radical scavenging activity using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), in vitro anti-inflammatory (protein denaturation inhibition) activity using bovine serum albumin (BSA), in vivo anti-inflammatory activity using carrageenan-induced paw edema and analgesic activity using hot plate methods. Results of the phytochemical analysis showed the presence of Saponins and Alkaloids in copious amounts, flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides and quinones in moderate amounts; while, phenol, tannins, steroids, and coumarins were present in low amounts. The free radical scavenging activity of the extract was 71.93 and 70.80% at concentrations of 500 and 250 µg/ml compared to Vitamin C and Vitamin E (92.56 and 84.17%), respectively. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was dose-dependent (31.58%) and higher than Aspirin (28.32%). The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the extract was 79.10% compared to Aspirin (78.33%). The analgesic activity of the extract was (62.01%) compared to Aspirin (59.15%). The study found that the extract possessed various phytoconstituents that can be used for medicinal purposes. Hence, the extract may serve as a source of drugs for the management of pain and inflammatory conditions.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89489910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-31DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4221
Kedir Kebero, Kelbesa Urga
Ethiopia is one of the developing countries with a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and protein-energy malnutrition. Vitamin A is one of the most versatile vitamins with roles in various functions such as vision, immune defense, maintenance of body linings and skin. Fortifying cereals through processing and conventional breeding can tackle micronutrient deficiency. Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) is a source of food that contains useful β-carotene, starch, mineral, dietary fiber, and vitamins. The inclusion of OFSP enhances the beta-carotene content of bread. This research aims to develop Vitamin A rich cereals based bread enhanced with orange-fleshed sweet potato. The straight dough baking method was used to develop bread. Beta-carotene content and physical properties of bread were done based on standard methods. Blending of OFSP flour in cereals significantly influenced the physical properties of bread. The total carotenoid content of bread products with 10% of OFSP Flour was 3.998 mg/100 g while that of beta-carotene is 23.217 mg/100 g. Inclusion of OFSP in composite flour increased the total carotenoid and beta-carotene content of bread. Generally, formulated flour has huge advantageous as a means of enhancing beta-carotene content and helps to alleviate vitamin A deficiency.
{"title":"Bio-fortification of Cereals Based Bread Using Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato for Alleviating of Vitamin-A Deficiency","authors":"Kedir Kebero, Kelbesa Urga","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4221","url":null,"abstract":"Ethiopia is one of the developing countries with a high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies and protein-energy malnutrition. Vitamin A is one of the most versatile vitamins with roles in various functions such as vision, immune defense, maintenance of body linings and skin. Fortifying cereals through processing and conventional breeding can tackle micronutrient deficiency. Orange Fleshed Sweet Potato (OFSP) is a source of food that contains useful β-carotene, starch, mineral, dietary fiber, and vitamins. The inclusion of OFSP enhances the beta-carotene content of bread. This research aims to develop Vitamin A rich cereals based bread enhanced with orange-fleshed sweet potato. The straight dough baking method was used to develop bread. Beta-carotene content and physical properties of bread were done based on standard methods. Blending of OFSP flour in cereals significantly influenced the physical properties of bread. The total carotenoid content of bread products with 10% of OFSP Flour was 3.998 mg/100 g while that of beta-carotene is 23.217 mg/100 g. Inclusion of OFSP in composite flour increased the total carotenoid and beta-carotene content of bread. Generally, formulated flour has huge advantageous as a means of enhancing beta-carotene content and helps to alleviate vitamin A deficiency.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87428601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4219
Chizoba C. Okafor, C. Obiandu, B. Owhorji, E. I. Oriji, Joy O. A. Laz-Okenwa
Hibiscus sabdariffa is a yearly shrub that is widely grown in some Asian and African countries including Nigeria where it is commonly prepared as a hot or cold beverage and also used as medicine. It is applied in folklore remedies in the treatment of some ailments. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of the aqueous calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on some biochemical parameters of diabetic male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into four (4) groups of five (5) rats each. Group one (1) which served as non diabetic (negative) control received distilled water only. Group 2 served as diabetic control and received distilled water after alloxan-induced diabetes. Group three (3) and group four (4) were diabetic rats that received 250mg/kg bw and 500mg/kg bw of the aqueous calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa respectively, for a period of four (4) weeks. The Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS version 21.0) was used for the analysis. Differences between group means was tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and compared using the post hoc test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results obtained showed that the higher dose of the extract caused a significant decrease in blood glucose level in 4 weeks of the study. The changes observed in the plasma concentrations of electrolytes indicated that the extract significantly improved diabetes induced decrease in Cl- level while changes in Na+, K+ and HCO3- were not statistically significant. It also significantly improved lipid profile and reduced oxidative stress in diabetic male Wistar rats. This study revealed that, the calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa demonstrated anti-hyperglycemic effects in diabetic Wistar rats.
{"title":"Beneficial Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa in Diabetic Wistar Rats","authors":"Chizoba C. Okafor, C. Obiandu, B. Owhorji, E. I. Oriji, Joy O. A. Laz-Okenwa","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4219","url":null,"abstract":"Hibiscus sabdariffa is a yearly shrub that is widely grown in some Asian and African countries including Nigeria where it is commonly prepared as a hot or cold beverage and also used as medicine. It is applied in folklore remedies in the treatment of some ailments. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of the aqueous calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa on some biochemical parameters of diabetic male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into four (4) groups of five (5) rats each. Group one (1) which served as non diabetic (negative) control received distilled water only. Group 2 served as diabetic control and received distilled water after alloxan-induced diabetes. Group three (3) and group four (4) were diabetic rats that received 250mg/kg bw and 500mg/kg bw of the aqueous calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa respectively, for a period of four (4) weeks. The Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS version 21.0) was used for the analysis. Differences between group means was tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and compared using the post hoc test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. The results obtained showed that the higher dose of the extract caused a significant decrease in blood glucose level in 4 weeks of the study. The changes observed in the plasma concentrations of electrolytes indicated that the extract significantly improved diabetes induced decrease in Cl- level while changes in Na+, K+ and HCO3- were not statistically significant. It also significantly improved lipid profile and reduced oxidative stress in diabetic male Wistar rats. This study revealed that, the calyx extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa demonstrated anti-hyperglycemic effects in diabetic Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85244089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4218
C. Barman, R. Islam, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Misrat Masuma Parvez, Md. Rashid Anjum, M. N. Banu
To see the efficacy of combined preparation of aloe vera gel and Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on burn wound treatment has been studied in Rabbit model. Sixteen male New Zealand White male rabbits were divided into four different groups and data were collected on healing rate, healing time and WBC count in artificial hot iron burned rabbit model. Group T0, T1, T2 and T3 were as control, aloe vera gel, aloe vera gel with ZnO nanoparticles and Bactrocin® respectively. Area of the wound and healing time was determined at weekly interval. WBC was enumerated weekly interval using a hematology analyzer. The experimental results showed that rate was significantly increase in T2 (94.75±1.31) group, better by T3 treated group (92.50±1.32), good by T1 (85.50±2.21) and worst by T0 (70.50±2.72). The White Blood Count (WBC) count as greatly increased in the non-treated group in most of the cases (Day 0 and Day 28), but the best WBC count was found in (Bactrocin®) in the rest of the cases (9300±37.50, 8500±37.36 and 6600±24.25 cells/µl for 1st week, 2nd week and 3rd week respectively), while the good count was obtained from T2 (Aloe vera gel with ZnO nanoparticles) treatment. The overall result of the study showed that the use of aloe vera gel with ZnO nanoparticles has given faster wound healing with minimum days requirement, which proved that without antibiotics, wound healing was also possible by using of biosynthetic ZnO nanoparticles and can be recommended for burn wounds healing treatment in rabbits.
{"title":"Biosynthesis of Aloe Vera Gel with Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (Zno-Nps) for Burn Wound Treatment in Rabbit Model","authors":"C. Barman, R. Islam, Md Mahmudul Hasan, Misrat Masuma Parvez, Md. Rashid Anjum, M. N. Banu","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4218","url":null,"abstract":"To see the efficacy of combined preparation of aloe vera gel and Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on burn wound treatment has been studied in Rabbit model. Sixteen male New Zealand White male rabbits were divided into four different groups and data were collected on healing rate, healing time and WBC count in artificial hot iron burned rabbit model. Group T0, T1, T2 and T3 were as control, aloe vera gel, aloe vera gel with ZnO nanoparticles and Bactrocin® respectively. Area of the wound and healing time was determined at weekly interval. WBC was enumerated weekly interval using a hematology analyzer. The experimental results showed that rate was significantly increase in T2 (94.75±1.31) group, better by T3 treated group (92.50±1.32), good by T1 (85.50±2.21) and worst by T0 (70.50±2.72). The White Blood Count (WBC) count as greatly increased in the non-treated group in most of the cases (Day 0 and Day 28), but the best WBC count was found in (Bactrocin®) in the rest of the cases (9300±37.50, 8500±37.36 and 6600±24.25 cells/µl for 1st week, 2nd week and 3rd week respectively), while the good count was obtained from T2 (Aloe vera gel with ZnO nanoparticles) treatment. The overall result of the study showed that the use of aloe vera gel with ZnO nanoparticles has given faster wound healing with minimum days requirement, which proved that without antibiotics, wound healing was also possible by using of biosynthetic ZnO nanoparticles and can be recommended for burn wounds healing treatment in rabbits.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77001922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-30DOI: 10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4217
Claude Ruphin Mougoue Deumeni, A. P. Amang, C. Nkenfou, Roméo Georges Bonsou Fosin, Augustin Notedji, R. Tchuenguem, G. Siwe, J. Kuiaté, P. Watcho, P. V. Tan
Objective: The present study aimed at investigating the acute toxicity, the ex-vivo antispasmodic potential of aqueous and ethanolic Rumex bequaertii leaves extracts in isolated ileum fragment and antimicrobial activity of Rumex bequaertii ethanolic leaves extract in animal models infected with Salmonella typhi. Methods: Acute toxicity using a single dose of ethanolic extract of Rumex bequaertii at 2000 mg/kg was administered to female rats and effects were observed during 14 days. Different cumulative concentrations of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Rumex bequaertii leaves were tested for spontaneous contractions and potassium chloride-induced contractions in rat ileum fragment. Different doses of the ethanolic extract of Rumex bequaertii leaves were tested for antidiarrheal activity in Wistar rats infected with Salmonella typhi. Results: Rats given the single dose of Rumex bequaertii ethanolic extract showed no significant changes in body and organs weights compared to control rats. Administration of extracts at all tested concentrations resulted to inhibition of ileum contractions. Inhibition of spontaneous contractions of ileum fragment by aqueous extract ranging from 24.48 to 90.19 %, for 2.91, to 15.25 mg/mL, respectively, while ethanolic extract was from 42.00 to 83.72 %, for 0.99, to 5.66 mg/mL, respectively. Concerning potassium chloride-induced contraction, aqueous extract concentrations (from 2.91 to 15.25 mg/mL) inhibited contractions from 31.46 to 67.23 %; the ethanolic extract (0.99 to 5.66 mg/mL) inhibited from 38.25, to 82.60 % and verapamil from 14.31 to 80.70 %, at 0.06 to 0.34 mg/mL. After administration of ethanolic extract, all tested doses resulted to reduction of Salmonella typhi load in stools and blood, with activities being duration and dose dependent. Conclusion: The lethal dose 50 of the Rumex bequaertii ethanol extract is greater than 2000 mg/kg. Aqueous and ethanolic leaves’ extracts of Rumex bequaertii possess ex-vivo antispasmodic and ethanolic leaves extract of Rumex bequaertii possess antimicrobial activity.
{"title":"Ex-vivo Antispasmodic and In vivo Anti Salmonella Potential of Rumex bequaertii Leaves Extracts","authors":"Claude Ruphin Mougoue Deumeni, A. P. Amang, C. Nkenfou, Roméo Georges Bonsou Fosin, Augustin Notedji, R. Tchuenguem, G. Siwe, J. Kuiaté, P. Watcho, P. V. Tan","doi":"10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2022/v11i3-4217","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The present study aimed at investigating the acute toxicity, the ex-vivo antispasmodic potential of aqueous and ethanolic Rumex bequaertii leaves extracts in isolated ileum fragment and antimicrobial activity of Rumex bequaertii ethanolic leaves extract in animal models infected with Salmonella typhi. \u0000Methods: Acute toxicity using a single dose of ethanolic extract of Rumex bequaertii at 2000 mg/kg was administered to female rats and effects were observed during 14 days. Different cumulative concentrations of the aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Rumex bequaertii leaves were tested for spontaneous contractions and potassium chloride-induced contractions in rat ileum fragment. Different doses of the ethanolic extract of Rumex bequaertii leaves were tested for antidiarrheal activity in Wistar rats infected with Salmonella typhi. \u0000Results: Rats given the single dose of Rumex bequaertii ethanolic extract showed no significant changes in body and organs weights compared to control rats. Administration of extracts at all tested concentrations resulted to inhibition of ileum contractions. Inhibition of spontaneous contractions of ileum fragment by aqueous extract ranging from 24.48 to 90.19 %, for 2.91, to 15.25 mg/mL, respectively, while ethanolic extract was from 42.00 to 83.72 %, for 0.99, to 5.66 mg/mL, respectively. Concerning potassium chloride-induced contraction, aqueous extract concentrations (from 2.91 to 15.25 mg/mL) inhibited contractions from 31.46 to 67.23 %; the ethanolic extract (0.99 to 5.66 mg/mL) inhibited from 38.25, to 82.60 % and verapamil from 14.31 to 80.70 %, at 0.06 to 0.34 mg/mL. After administration of ethanolic extract, all tested doses resulted to reduction of Salmonella typhi load in stools and blood, with activities being duration and dose dependent. Conclusion: The lethal dose 50 of the Rumex bequaertii ethanol extract is greater than 2000 mg/kg. Aqueous and ethanolic leaves’ extracts of Rumex bequaertii possess ex-vivo antispasmodic and ethanolic leaves extract of Rumex bequaertii possess antimicrobial activity.","PeriodicalId":8535,"journal":{"name":"Asian Journal of Research in Biochemistry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73135344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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