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Maternal repetitive hypoxia prior to mating confers epigenetic resilience to memory impairment in male progeny. 交配前母体反复缺氧会使雄性后代的表观遗传复原能力受到记忆损伤。
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000554
Emrey E Broyles, David H Corell, Jeffrey M Gidday

We showed previously in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia involving chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) that repetitive hypoxic conditioning (RHC) of both parents results in the epigenetic, intergenerational transmission of resilience to recognition memory loss in adult progeny, as assessed by the novel object recognition test. The present study was undertaken in the same model to determine whether RHC treatment of one or both parents is required to confer dementia resilience intergenerationally. We found inherited resilience to 3 months of CCH in males is maternally mediated (p = .006). Statistically, we observed a strong trend for the paternal germline to contribute as well (p = .052). We also found that, in contrast to what is widely observed in males, females display intact recognition memory (p = .001) after 3 months of CCH, revealing a heretofore unidentified sexual dimorphism with respect to cognitive impact during disease progression. Overall, results of our study strongly implicate epigenetic changes in maternal germ cells, induced by our repetitive systemic hypoxic stimulus, contributing to a modified differentiation program capable of establishing a dementia-resilient phenotype in adult male first-generation progeny. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

我们之前在一个涉及慢性脑灌注不足(CCH)的血管性认知障碍和痴呆小鼠模型中表明,对父母双方进行重复性缺氧调理(RHC)会导致成年后代对识别记忆丧失的复原力的表观遗传和代际传递,这种复原力是通过新物体识别测试来评估的。本研究是在同一模型中进行的,目的是确定是否需要对父母一方或双方进行 RHC 治疗才能代际传递痴呆抗逆性。我们发现,男性在接受 3 个月的 CCH 治疗后,其遗传的抗痴呆能力是由母体介导的(p = .006)。在统计学上,我们观察到父系种系也有贡献的强烈趋势(p = .052)。我们还发现,与在男性中广泛观察到的情况不同,女性在患慢性阻塞性肺病 3 个月后表现出完整的识别记忆(p = .001),这揭示了疾病进展过程中认知影响方面迄今尚未发现的性别二态性。总之,我们的研究结果有力地证明了母体生殖细胞中的表观遗传学变化,这种变化是由我们的重复性全身缺氧刺激诱导的,它有助于改变分化程序,从而在成年男性第一代后代中建立一种抗痴呆的表型。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Biological sex influences the contribution of sign-tracking and anxiety-like behavior toward remifentanil self-administration. 生理性别影响符号追踪和焦虑样行为对瑞芬太尼自我给药的贡献。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000551
Alicia Zumbusch, Anna Samson, Chloe Chernoff, Brandi Coslovich, Tristan Hynes

Most people sample addictive drugs, but use becomes disordered in only a small minority. Two important factors that influence susceptibility to addiction are individual differences in personality traits and biological sex. The influence of traits on addiction-like behavior is well-characterized in preclinical models of cocaine self-administration, but less is understood in regards to opioids. How biological sex influences trait susceptibility to opioid self-administration is likewise less studied than psychostimulants. Thus, we sought to elucidate how biological sex and several addiction-relevant traits interact with the propensity to self-administer the opioid remifentanil. We first screened female (n = 19) and male (n = 19) rats for four addiction-relevant traits: impulsivity, novelty place-preference, anxiety-like behavior, and attribution of incentive value to reward cues. Rats were then trained to self-administer remifentanil in a "conflict model" of drug self-administration. Rats had to endure an electric shock to access the response manipulandum that triggered an intravenous infusion of remifentanil. In male rats, high anxiety-like behavior was positively correlated with the number of drug infusions if the shock level was low or completely absent. In females, sign-tracking was predictive of greater resistance to punishment during drug seeking; an effect that was mediated by anxiety-like behavior. Females consumed more remifentanil under all conditions, and their drug seeking persisted in the face of significantly greater current than males. These findings demonstrate that the influence of behavioral traits over the propensity to self-administer opioids is dependent upon biological sex. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

大多数人吸食成瘾药物,但只有一小部分人使用成瘾。影响成瘾易感性的两个重要因素是人格特征的个体差异和生理性别。特征对成瘾样行为的影响在可卡因自我给药的临床前模型中得到了很好的表征,但在阿片类药物方面却知之甚少。与精神兴奋剂相比,生理性别如何影响阿片类药物自我给药的特质易感性同样较少研究。因此,我们试图阐明生理性别和一些与成瘾相关的特征如何与自我使用阿片类药物瑞芬太尼的倾向相互作用。我们首先筛选了雌性(n = 19)和雄性(n = 19)大鼠的四种与成瘾相关的特征:冲动、新奇的地方偏好、焦虑样行为和奖励线索的激励价值归因。然后在药物自我给药的“冲突模型”中训练大鼠自我给药瑞芬太尼。老鼠必须忍受电击才能进入触发静脉注射瑞芬太尼的反应操纵机制。在雄性大鼠中,如果休克水平较低或完全不存在,高度焦虑样行为与药物输注次数呈正相关。在女性中,符号追踪预示着她们在寻求毒品时对惩罚的抵抗力更强;这种效应是由类似焦虑的行为介导的。在所有条件下,女性消耗更多的瑞芬太尼,并且她们的药物寻求在面对明显大于男性的电流时持续存在。这些发现表明,行为特征对自我使用阿片类药物倾向的影响取决于生理性别。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c) 2023 APA,版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Prefrontal and medial temporal interactions in memory functions in the rhesus monkey. 恒河猴记忆功能中前额叶和颞叶内侧的相互作用
IF 1.6 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-06-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000556
Laura A Welke, Tara L Moore, Douglas L Rosene, Ronald J Killiany, Mark B Moss

Both the medial temporal lobe and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have been implicated in learning and memory. However, it has been difficult to ascertain the degree to which the two structures are dependent on each other or interact in subserving these cognitive functions. To investigate this question directly, we prepared two group of monkeys. First, the contralateral frontal-hippocampal split group (CFHS) received a unilateral lesion of the hippocampus and surrounding posterior parahippocampal cortices (H +), combined with a contralateral lesion of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plus transection of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure. This preparation functionally "disconnects" the remaining intact H + from the sole intact DLPFC in the opposite hemisphere. As a surgical control group, a second set of animals, the ipsilateral frontal-hippocampal split group, was prepared with a unilateral lesion of the DLPFC and an ipsilateral H + lesion together plus transection of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure. This preparation matches the locus and extent of damage in the cross-lesion group but allows the intact H + and intact DLPFC to interact ipsilaterally. Following recovery from surgery, all animals were then tested on the delayed nonmatching to sample task (DNMS), a test of recognition memory. The crossed-lesion split-brain group (CFHS) was markedly impaired on DNMS in both acquisition (rule learning) and performance over delays (recognition memory). The results provide evidence of a functionally dependent interaction between the medial temporal lobe and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in learning and memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

内侧颞叶和背外侧前额叶皮层都与学习和记忆有关。然而,人们一直难以确定这两种结构在多大程度上相互依赖或相互作用,从而为这些认知功能服务。为了直接研究这个问题,我们准备了两组猴子。首先,对侧额叶-海马分裂组(CFHS)接受单侧海马及周围后部海马旁皮层(H +)损伤,同时对侧背外侧前额叶皮层(DLPFC)进行损伤,并横断胼胝体和前裂。这种制备方法在功能上 "断开 "了对侧半球剩余完整的 H + 与唯一完整的 DLPFC 的联系。作为手术对照组,第二组动物(同侧额叶-海马分裂组)的制备方法是单侧 DLPFC 损伤和同侧 H + 损伤以及胼胝体和前裂横断。这种制备方法与交叉损伤组的损伤位置和程度一致,但允许同侧完好的 H + 和完好的 DLPFC 相互作用。手术恢复后,所有动物都接受了延迟非匹配样本任务(DNMS)测试,这是一项识别记忆测试。交叉肢体裂脑组(CFHS)在DNMS中的获得(规则学习)和延迟表现(识别记忆)都明显受损。研究结果证明,内侧颞叶和背外侧前额叶皮层在学习和记忆中存在功能依赖性相互作用。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Supplemental Material for Prefrontal and Medial Temporal Interactions in Memory Functions in the Rhesus Monkey 猕猴记忆功能中前额叶和内侧颞叶相互作用的补充材料
4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-06 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000556.supp
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引用次数: 0
Primary rewards and aversive outcomes have comparable effects on attentional bias. 主要奖励和厌恶结果对注意偏向的影响相当。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000543
Haena Kim, Brian A Anderson

Attention is biased toward stimuli previously associated with reward. The same is true for aversive conditioning; stimuli previously associated with an aversive outcome also bias attention, suggesting that motivational salience guides attention. Most research that supports this conclusion has manipulated monetary gain-a secondary reinforcer-for reward learning, and electric shocks-a primary punisher-for aversive conditioning, making it difficult to directly compare their influence on attention. Therefore, in the present study, we matched for reinforcer dimensions by using primary taste as reinforcers/punishers and assessed their influence on attention. In a training phase, participants learned to associate three colors with sweet juice (reward), salt water (aversive), and no outcome (neutral), respectively. The two primary reinforcers were equated for valence based on choices made in a prior decision-making task. In a later test phase, these three colors were used for targets and distractors in a task in which participants oriented to a shape-defined target. An attentional bias in favor of the aversively conditioned and reward-associated colors was evident when comparing to the neutral color. Importantly, a direct comparison of rewarded and aversive stimuli revealed no significant differences. These results suggest that when matched for reinforcer dimensions and valence, reward and aversive outcomes bias attention in a similar manner and their effects are comparable, providing further evidence in support of the motivational salience account of learning-dependent attention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

注意力会偏向先前与奖励相关的刺激物。厌恶性条件反射也是如此;先前与厌恶性结果相关的刺激也会使注意力偏向厌恶性结果,这表明动机显著性会引导注意力。支持这一结论的大多数研究都操纵了金钱收益--奖励学习的次要强化物,以及电击--厌恶条件反射的主要惩罚物,因此很难直接比较它们对注意力的影响。因此,在本研究中,我们通过使用主要味道作为强化物/惩罚物来匹配强化物的维度,并评估它们对注意力的影响。在训练阶段,参与者学会将三种颜色分别与甜果汁(奖励)、盐水(厌恶)和无结果(中性)联系起来。这两种主要强化物根据先前决策任务中的选择进行等价。在随后的测试阶段,这三种颜色被用于目标和干扰物的任务中。与中性色相比,受试者的注意力明显偏向于厌恶条件反射和奖励相关的颜色。重要的是,直接比较奖励刺激和厌恶刺激没有发现显著差异。这些结果表明,当强化物的维度和效价相匹配时,奖励和厌恶的结果会以类似的方式偏向注意,并且它们的效果是可比的,这为学习依赖性注意的动机显著性解释提供了进一步的证据。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
A history of ethanol intake accelerates the development of morphine analgesic tolerance: A protective potential for omega-3 fatty acids. 乙醇摄入史加速了吗啡镇痛耐受性的发展:ω -3脂肪酸的保护潜力。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000542
S Mohammad Ahmadi-Soleimani, Hossein Azizi, Farimah Beheshti, Omid Azizi, Alireza Abbasi-Mazar

Adolescence is a critical life period during which significant neurodevelopmental changes occur within the central nervous system. Consistently, substance abuse in this stage has been found to induce persistent changes in brain responsiveness to future drug challenges. Nowadays, heavy episodic alcohol consumption during adolescence, also known as binge-drinking behavior, is a growing concern in modern societies. On the other hand, alcohol is well known to act as a gateway drug, that is, it promotes the individual's craving for consumption of other drugs of abuse. With this in mind, we aimed to assess whether adolescent ethanol exposure could alter the development of tolerance and dependence to morphine, as an available common opioid drug. Tail flick test was used to measure thermal nociceptive changes in adult male Wistar rats undergone ethanol/vehicle exposure during adolescence. Furthermore, morphine withdrawal syndrome was induced by naloxone injection, and behavioral signs were recorded for 20 min. It was found that adolescent ethanol intake facilitates morphine analgesic tolerance and decreases baseline latency; however, the severity of dependence is not significantly altered. Moreover, we found that 15 days of treatment with omega-3 fatty acids (O3) prevents the mentioned ethanol-induced changes suggesting a therapeutic potential for this compound. O3 supplementation, as an inexpensive and noninvasive method, may assist the clinicians to reverse the adverse effect of alcohol binge drinking on adolescents' brains and to reduce the vulnerability to drug exposure in adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

青春期是生命的关键时期,在此期间中枢神经系统发生了重大的神经发育变化。这一阶段的药物滥用一直被发现会导致大脑对未来药物挑战的反应性发生持续变化。如今,青春期大量间歇性饮酒,也被称为狂饮行为,是现代社会日益关注的问题。另一方面,众所周知,酒精是一种入门毒品,也就是说,它促进了个人对其他滥用药物的渴望。考虑到这一点,我们的目的是评估青少年酒精暴露是否会改变对吗啡的耐受性和依赖性的发展,吗啡是一种常见的阿片类药物。采用甩尾试验测量成年雄性Wistar大鼠在青春期酒精/交通工具暴露后的热伤害性变化。此外,纳洛酮注射诱导吗啡戒断综合征,并记录行为体征20 min。发现青少年乙醇摄入促进吗啡镇痛耐受性,降低基线潜伏期;然而,依赖的严重程度并没有显著改变。此外,我们发现用omega-3脂肪酸(O3)治疗15天可以防止上述乙醇引起的变化,这表明该化合物具有治疗潜力。O3补充作为一种廉价且无创的方法,可以帮助临床医生扭转酗酒对青少年大脑的不良影响,并减少成年后对药物暴露的脆弱性。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c) 2023 APA,版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of time horizon and guided choices on explore-exploit decisions in rodents. 时间跨度和引导选择对啮齿动物探索-开发决策的影响
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-12 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000549
Siyu Wang, Blake Gerken, Julia R Wieland, Robert C Wilson, Jean-Marc Fellous

Humans and animals have to balance the need for exploring new options with exploiting known options that yield good outcomes. This tradeoff is known as the explore-exploit dilemma. To better understand the neural mechanisms underlying how humans and animals address the explore-exploit dilemma, a good animal behavioral model is critical. Most previous rodents explore-exploit studies used ethologically unrealistic operant boxes and reversal learning paradigms in which the decision to abandon a bad option is confounded by the need for exploring a novel option for information collection, making it difficult to separate different drives and heuristics for exploration. In this study, we investigated how rodents make explore-exploit decisions using a spatial navigation horizon task (Wilson et al., 2014) adapted to rats to address the above limitations. We compared the rats' performance to that of humans using identical measures. We showed that rats use prior information to effectively guide exploration. In addition, rats use information-driven directed exploration like humans, but the extent to which they explore has the opposite dependance on time horizon than humans. Moreover, we found that free choices and guided choices have different influences on exploration in rodents, a finding that has not yet been tested in humans. This study reveals that the explore-exploit spatial behavior of rats is more complex than previously thought. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

人类和动物必须在探索新方案和利用已知方案之间取得平衡。这种权衡被称为 "探索-开发困境"。要想更好地了解人类和动物如何解决探索-开发两难问题的神经机制,一个好的动物行为模型至关重要。以往的啮齿动物探索-开发研究大多使用不符合伦理的操作箱和逆转学习范式,在这些范式中,放弃一个糟糕选项的决定与探索一个新选项以收集信息的需要相混淆,因此很难区分探索的不同驱动力和启发式。在这项研究中,我们利用一项针对大鼠的空间导航水平线任务(Wilson 等人,2014 年)来研究啮齿类动物如何做出探索-开发决策,以解决上述局限性。我们使用相同的测量方法将大鼠的表现与人类的表现进行了比较。我们发现,大鼠利用先验信息有效地引导探索。此外,大鼠与人类一样使用信息驱动的定向探索,但其探索程度与时间跨度的依赖性与人类相反。此外,我们还发现自由选择和引导选择对啮齿类动物的探索有不同的影响,这一发现尚未在人类身上得到验证。这项研究揭示了啮齿类动物的探索-开发空间行为比以前认为的更为复杂。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, 版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Memory and anxiety-like behavior of rats in the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task: Role of serotonergic transmission in the basolateral amygdala. 大鼠的记忆和焦虑样行为:基底外侧杏仁核中血清素传递的作用。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000548
João P F Kurita, Anderson H F F Leão, Vinicius S Bioni, Raphael Wuo-Silva, Alvaro C Lima, Murilo A Paiva-Santos, Gabriela F Marinho, Débora M G Cunha, Marcela Becegato, Leonardo B Lopes-Silva, Alessandra M Ribeiro, Regina H Silva

Optimal levels of anxiety are critical to memory consolidation, but maladaptive anxiety can disrupt memory acquisition. Serotonergic activity within the amygdala influences both anxiety-like behavior and aversive memory consolidation. To evaluate the effects of serotoninergic manipulations within the basolateral amygdala (BLA) on anxiety-like behavior and aversive memory in rats tested in the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task (PMDAT). The PMDAT investigates aversive memory and anxiety-like behavior simultaneously in rodents. Three-month-old male Wistar rats received bilateral infusions (1 μL per side) of saline, 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1 agonist; 10 nmol), WAY100135 (5-HT1 antagonist; 0.9 nmol), ketanserine (5-HT 2 antagonist; 10 nmol), or fluoxetine (serotonin reuptake inhibitor; 1.6 nmol) into the BLA and were submitted to PMDAT training session 15 min later. In the test, 24 hr later, animals were re-exposed to the apparatus without the infusion of drugs, and aversive memory was evaluated. (a) 8-OH-DPAT did not affect memory or anxiety, but impaired avoidance behavior toward the aversive arm during training; (b) fluoxetine, WAY100135 and ketanserin impaired memory formation; (c) ketanserin decreased anxiety-like behavior; and (d) none of the treatments induced motor changes. The results showed that an increase in serotonin (5-HT) availability or the blockade of 5HT1A and 5HT2A BLA receptors impaired aversive memory formation. However, only 5HT2A receptor antagonism induced anxiolytic effects. Thus, both memory and anxiety-like behavior can be modified by changes in serotonergic transmission in the basolateral amygdala, but the effects on both phenomena seem to be mediated by different mechanisms related to serotonergic transmission. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

最佳焦虑水平对记忆巩固至关重要,但不适应的焦虑会破坏记忆获得。杏仁核内的血清素能活动影响类焦虑行为和厌恶记忆的巩固。目的:评价基底外侧杏仁核(BLA)内5 -羟色胺操纵对大鼠焦虑样行为和厌恶记忆的影响。PMDAT同时研究啮齿动物的厌恶记忆和焦虑样行为。3月龄雄性Wistar大鼠双侧输注生理盐水(每侧1 μL), 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1激动剂);10 nmol), WAY100135 (5-HT1拮抗剂;0.9 nmol),酮丝氨酸(5-HT 2拮抗剂;10 nmol)或氟西汀(5 -羟色胺再摄取抑制剂;1.6 nmol)加入BLA, 15分钟后进行PMDAT训练。实验中,24小时后,在不输注药物的情况下,动物再次暴露于该装置,并评估厌恶记忆。(a) 8-OH-DPAT不影响记忆或焦虑,但在训练期间对厌恶臂的回避行为受损;(b)氟西汀、WAY100135和酮色林损害记忆形成;(c)酮色林减少焦虑样行为;(d)所有处理均未引起运动改变。结果表明,血清素(5-HT)可用性的增加或5HT1A和5HT2A BLA受体的阻断会损害厌恶记忆的形成。然而,只有5HT2A受体拮抗剂可诱导抗焦虑作用。因此,记忆和类焦虑行为都可以通过改变基底外侧杏仁核中5 -羟色胺的传递而改变,但对这两种现象的影响似乎是由5 -羟色胺传递相关的不同机制介导的。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c) 2023 APA,版权所有)。
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引用次数: 2
Use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy to explore metacognitive ability. 利用磁共振波谱法探索元认知能力。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000545
Xueyan Zhang, Jun Li, Xiaomei Li

Previous studies have reported the importance of the precuneus in mediating metacognition and the prefrontal cortex in decision-making tasks. However, the mechanisms underlying metacognition remain to be fully elucidated. N-acetyl aspartate/creatine + phosphocreatine (NAA/Cr + PCr) is a putative neuronal marker level, which has been used in cognitive disorders. Long echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to further explore the metabolic correlates of metacognition. Metacognition was based on a self-reported questionnaire of nursing students. Magnetic resonance spectra of the bilateral precuneus and medial prefrontal cortex were recorded. A significant positive correlation was discovered between the total metacognitive score and academic performance (p = .007). The precuneus NAA/Cr + PCr ratios corresponded to metacognitive ability. Moreover, the correlation between precuneus NAA/Cr + PCr ratios and metacognitive ability was established for the right and not for the left precuneus. These findings further indicated that the right precuneal region plays an important role in metacognition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

先前的研究已经报道了楔前叶在调节元认知和前额叶皮层在决策任务中的重要性。然而,元认知的机制仍有待充分阐明。n -乙酰天冬氨酸/肌酸+磷酸肌酸(NAA/Cr + PCr)是一个公认的神经元标志物水平,已被用于认知障碍。利用长回声时间质子磁共振波谱进一步探讨元认知的代谢相关因素。元认知以护生自述问卷为基础。记录双侧楔前叶和内侧前额叶皮层的磁共振谱。元认知总分与学业成绩呈显著正相关(p = .007)。楔前叶NAA/Cr + PCr比值与元认知能力相关。此外,右楔前叶NAA/Cr + PCr比值与元认知能力存在相关性,而左楔前叶无相关性。这些发现进一步表明,右楔前区在元认知中起着重要的作用。(PsycInfo数据库记录(c) 2023 APA,版权所有)。
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引用次数: 0
Pair housing does not alter incubation of craving, extinction, and reinstatement after heroin self-administration in female and male rats. 配对饲养不会改变雌性和雄性大鼠自我摄取海洛因后的渴求、消退和恢复潜伏期。
IF 1.9 4区 医学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES Pub Date : 2023-04-01 Epub Date: 2022-12-15 DOI: 10.1037/bne0000544
Kelle E Nett, Ryan T LaLumiere

Evidence suggests that single housing in rats acts as a chronic stressor, raising the possibilities that it contributes to measures of heroin craving and that pair housing ameliorates such measures. This study aimed to determine whether pair housing after heroin self-administration reduces the incubation of craving, extinction, and reinstatement of heroin seeking. Single-housed female and male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent daily 6-hr heroin self-administration, wherein active lever presses produced a heroin infusion paired with light/tone cues. One day after self-administration, rats underwent a baseline cued-seeking test wherein active lever presses only produced light/tone cues. Immediately following this cued-seeking test, rats were either pair-housed with weight- and sex-matched naïve rat or remained single-housed for the rest of the study. For 14 days, rats remained in their homecages, after which they underwent a cued-seeking test to assess the incubation of craving compared to their baseline test. Rats then underwent extinction sessions followed by cue-induced and heroin-primed reinstatements. The findings reveal that pair-housed rats did not differ from single-housed rats in terms of the incubation of craving, extinction, or reinstatement of heroin seeking. Additionally, the results did not reveal any evidence of sex-based differences in the study. The present work indicates that pair housing during the forced abstinence period does not alter measures of heroin craving/seeking. These findings suggest that the chronic stress of single housing specifically during forced abstinence does not contribute to the degree of such measures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

有证据表明,大鼠的单人饲养是一种慢性应激反应,有可能导致海洛因渴求的测量结果,而双人饲养则能改善这种测量结果。本研究旨在确定海洛因自我给药后的配对饲养是否会减少海洛因渴求的潜伏、消退和恢复。单人饲养的雌性和雄性 Sprague-Dawley 大鼠每天接受 6 小时的海洛因自我给药,其中主动按下杠杆产生海洛因输注,并与光/音提示配对。自我给药一天后,大鼠接受了基线诱导寻找测试,在该测试中,主动按压杠杆只会产生光/音提示。提示寻找测试结束后,大鼠立即与体重和性别匹配的天真大鼠配对饲养,或在研究的其余时间里保持单只饲养。14天后,大鼠继续呆在自己的笼子里,然后接受诱导寻找测试,以评估与基线测试相比渴求的潜伏期。随后,大鼠接受了消退训练,之后又接受了线索诱导和海洛因刺激的恢复训练。研究结果表明,配对饲养的大鼠与单人饲养的大鼠在渴求的潜伏、消退或海洛因寻求的恢复方面没有差异。此外,研究结果也没有发现任何性别差异的证据。本研究表明,强迫禁欲期间的配对饲养不会改变海洛因渴求/寻求的测量结果。这些研究结果表明,在强制禁欲期间,单人住房的长期压力并不会影响此类测量的程度。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, 版权所有)。
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Behavioral neuroscience
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