Pub Date : 2023-06-01Epub Date: 2023-03-02DOI: 10.1037/bne0000554
Emrey E Broyles, David H Corell, Jeffrey M Gidday
We showed previously in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia involving chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) that repetitive hypoxic conditioning (RHC) of both parents results in the epigenetic, intergenerational transmission of resilience to recognition memory loss in adult progeny, as assessed by the novel object recognition test. The present study was undertaken in the same model to determine whether RHC treatment of one or both parents is required to confer dementia resilience intergenerationally. We found inherited resilience to 3 months of CCH in males is maternally mediated (p = .006). Statistically, we observed a strong trend for the paternal germline to contribute as well (p = .052). We also found that, in contrast to what is widely observed in males, females display intact recognition memory (p = .001) after 3 months of CCH, revealing a heretofore unidentified sexual dimorphism with respect to cognitive impact during disease progression. Overall, results of our study strongly implicate epigenetic changes in maternal germ cells, induced by our repetitive systemic hypoxic stimulus, contributing to a modified differentiation program capable of establishing a dementia-resilient phenotype in adult male first-generation progeny. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Maternal repetitive hypoxia prior to mating confers epigenetic resilience to memory impairment in male progeny.","authors":"Emrey E Broyles, David H Corell, Jeffrey M Gidday","doi":"10.1037/bne0000554","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bne0000554","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We showed previously in a mouse model of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia involving chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) that repetitive hypoxic conditioning (RHC) of both parents results in the epigenetic, intergenerational transmission of resilience to recognition memory loss in adult progeny, as assessed by the novel object recognition test. The present study was undertaken in the same model to determine whether RHC treatment of one or both parents is required to confer dementia resilience intergenerationally. We found inherited resilience to 3 months of CCH in males is maternally mediated (<i>p</i> = .006). Statistically, we observed a strong trend for the paternal germline to contribute as well (<i>p</i> = .052). We also found that, in contrast to what is widely observed in males, females display intact recognition memory (<i>p</i> = .001) after 3 months of CCH, revealing a heretofore unidentified sexual dimorphism with respect to cognitive impact during disease progression. Overall, results of our study strongly implicate epigenetic changes in maternal germ cells, induced by our repetitive systemic hypoxic stimulus, contributing to a modified differentiation program capable of establishing a dementia-resilient phenotype in adult male first-generation progeny. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":"137 3","pages":"178-183"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10828958/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9465986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alicia Zumbusch, Anna Samson, Chloe Chernoff, Brandi Coslovich, Tristan Hynes
Most people sample addictive drugs, but use becomes disordered in only a small minority. Two important factors that influence susceptibility to addiction are individual differences in personality traits and biological sex. The influence of traits on addiction-like behavior is well-characterized in preclinical models of cocaine self-administration, but less is understood in regards to opioids. How biological sex influences trait susceptibility to opioid self-administration is likewise less studied than psychostimulants. Thus, we sought to elucidate how biological sex and several addiction-relevant traits interact with the propensity to self-administer the opioid remifentanil. We first screened female (n = 19) and male (n = 19) rats for four addiction-relevant traits: impulsivity, novelty place-preference, anxiety-like behavior, and attribution of incentive value to reward cues. Rats were then trained to self-administer remifentanil in a "conflict model" of drug self-administration. Rats had to endure an electric shock to access the response manipulandum that triggered an intravenous infusion of remifentanil. In male rats, high anxiety-like behavior was positively correlated with the number of drug infusions if the shock level was low or completely absent. In females, sign-tracking was predictive of greater resistance to punishment during drug seeking; an effect that was mediated by anxiety-like behavior. Females consumed more remifentanil under all conditions, and their drug seeking persisted in the face of significantly greater current than males. These findings demonstrate that the influence of behavioral traits over the propensity to self-administer opioids is dependent upon biological sex. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Biological sex influences the contribution of sign-tracking and anxiety-like behavior toward remifentanil self-administration.","authors":"Alicia Zumbusch, Anna Samson, Chloe Chernoff, Brandi Coslovich, Tristan Hynes","doi":"10.1037/bne0000551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bne0000551","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Most people sample addictive drugs, but use becomes disordered in only a small minority. Two important factors that influence susceptibility to addiction are individual differences in personality traits and biological sex. The influence of traits on addiction-like behavior is well-characterized in preclinical models of cocaine self-administration, but less is understood in regards to opioids. How biological sex influences trait susceptibility to opioid self-administration is likewise less studied than psychostimulants. Thus, we sought to elucidate how biological sex and several addiction-relevant traits interact with the propensity to self-administer the opioid remifentanil. We first screened female (<i>n</i> = 19) and male (<i>n</i> = 19) rats for four addiction-relevant traits: impulsivity, novelty place-preference, anxiety-like behavior, and attribution of incentive value to reward cues. Rats were then trained to self-administer remifentanil in a \"conflict model\" of drug self-administration. Rats had to endure an electric shock to access the response manipulandum that triggered an intravenous infusion of remifentanil. In male rats, high anxiety-like behavior was positively correlated with the number of drug infusions if the shock level was low or completely absent. In females, sign-tracking was predictive of greater resistance to punishment during drug seeking; an effect that was mediated by anxiety-like behavior. Females consumed more remifentanil under all conditions, and their drug seeking persisted in the face of significantly greater current than males. These findings demonstrate that the influence of behavioral traits over the propensity to self-administer opioids is dependent upon biological sex. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":"137 3","pages":"196-210"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9471809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01Epub Date: 2023-04-06DOI: 10.1037/bne0000556
Laura A Welke, Tara L Moore, Douglas L Rosene, Ronald J Killiany, Mark B Moss
Both the medial temporal lobe and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have been implicated in learning and memory. However, it has been difficult to ascertain the degree to which the two structures are dependent on each other or interact in subserving these cognitive functions. To investigate this question directly, we prepared two group of monkeys. First, the contralateral frontal-hippocampal split group (CFHS) received a unilateral lesion of the hippocampus and surrounding posterior parahippocampal cortices (H +), combined with a contralateral lesion of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plus transection of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure. This preparation functionally "disconnects" the remaining intact H + from the sole intact DLPFC in the opposite hemisphere. As a surgical control group, a second set of animals, the ipsilateral frontal-hippocampal split group, was prepared with a unilateral lesion of the DLPFC and an ipsilateral H + lesion together plus transection of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure. This preparation matches the locus and extent of damage in the cross-lesion group but allows the intact H + and intact DLPFC to interact ipsilaterally. Following recovery from surgery, all animals were then tested on the delayed nonmatching to sample task (DNMS), a test of recognition memory. The crossed-lesion split-brain group (CFHS) was markedly impaired on DNMS in both acquisition (rule learning) and performance over delays (recognition memory). The results provide evidence of a functionally dependent interaction between the medial temporal lobe and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in learning and memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
内侧颞叶和背外侧前额叶皮层都与学习和记忆有关。然而,人们一直难以确定这两种结构在多大程度上相互依赖或相互作用,从而为这些认知功能服务。为了直接研究这个问题,我们准备了两组猴子。首先,对侧额叶-海马分裂组(CFHS)接受单侧海马及周围后部海马旁皮层(H +)损伤,同时对侧背外侧前额叶皮层(DLPFC)进行损伤,并横断胼胝体和前裂。这种制备方法在功能上 "断开 "了对侧半球剩余完整的 H + 与唯一完整的 DLPFC 的联系。作为手术对照组,第二组动物(同侧额叶-海马分裂组)的制备方法是单侧 DLPFC 损伤和同侧 H + 损伤以及胼胝体和前裂横断。这种制备方法与交叉损伤组的损伤位置和程度一致,但允许同侧完好的 H + 和完好的 DLPFC 相互作用。手术恢复后,所有动物都接受了延迟非匹配样本任务(DNMS)测试,这是一项识别记忆测试。交叉肢体裂脑组(CFHS)在DNMS中的获得(规则学习)和延迟表现(识别记忆)都明显受损。研究结果证明,内侧颞叶和背外侧前额叶皮层在学习和记忆中存在功能依赖性相互作用。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"Prefrontal and medial temporal interactions in memory functions in the rhesus monkey.","authors":"Laura A Welke, Tara L Moore, Douglas L Rosene, Ronald J Killiany, Mark B Moss","doi":"10.1037/bne0000556","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bne0000556","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Both the medial temporal lobe and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex have been implicated in learning and memory. However, it has been difficult to ascertain the degree to which the two structures are dependent on each other or interact in subserving these cognitive functions. To investigate this question directly, we prepared two group of monkeys. First, the contralateral frontal-hippocampal split group (CFHS) received a unilateral lesion of the hippocampus and surrounding posterior parahippocampal cortices (H +), combined with a <i>contralateral</i> lesion of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) plus transection of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure. This preparation functionally \"disconnects\" the remaining intact H + from the sole intact DLPFC in the opposite hemisphere. As a surgical control group, a second set of animals, the ipsilateral frontal-hippocampal split group, was prepared with a <i>unilateral</i> lesion of the DLPFC and an <i>ipsilateral</i> H + lesion together plus transection of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure. This preparation matches the locus and extent of damage in the cross-lesion group but allows the intact H + and intact DLPFC to interact ipsilaterally. Following recovery from surgery, all animals were then tested on the delayed nonmatching to sample task (DNMS), a test of recognition memory. The crossed-lesion split-brain group (CFHS) was markedly impaired on DNMS in both acquisition (rule learning) and performance over delays (recognition memory). The results provide evidence of a functionally dependent interaction between the medial temporal lobe and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in learning and memory. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":"137 3","pages":"211-222"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10192048/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9482387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Supplemental Material for Prefrontal and Medial Temporal Interactions in Memory Functions in the Rhesus Monkey","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/bne0000556.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bne0000556.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135836051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01Epub Date: 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1037/bne0000543
Haena Kim, Brian A Anderson
Attention is biased toward stimuli previously associated with reward. The same is true for aversive conditioning; stimuli previously associated with an aversive outcome also bias attention, suggesting that motivational salience guides attention. Most research that supports this conclusion has manipulated monetary gain-a secondary reinforcer-for reward learning, and electric shocks-a primary punisher-for aversive conditioning, making it difficult to directly compare their influence on attention. Therefore, in the present study, we matched for reinforcer dimensions by using primary taste as reinforcers/punishers and assessed their influence on attention. In a training phase, participants learned to associate three colors with sweet juice (reward), salt water (aversive), and no outcome (neutral), respectively. The two primary reinforcers were equated for valence based on choices made in a prior decision-making task. In a later test phase, these three colors were used for targets and distractors in a task in which participants oriented to a shape-defined target. An attentional bias in favor of the aversively conditioned and reward-associated colors was evident when comparing to the neutral color. Importantly, a direct comparison of rewarded and aversive stimuli revealed no significant differences. These results suggest that when matched for reinforcer dimensions and valence, reward and aversive outcomes bias attention in a similar manner and their effects are comparable, providing further evidence in support of the motivational salience account of learning-dependent attention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
注意力会偏向先前与奖励相关的刺激物。厌恶性条件反射也是如此;先前与厌恶性结果相关的刺激也会使注意力偏向厌恶性结果,这表明动机显著性会引导注意力。支持这一结论的大多数研究都操纵了金钱收益--奖励学习的次要强化物,以及电击--厌恶条件反射的主要惩罚物,因此很难直接比较它们对注意力的影响。因此,在本研究中,我们通过使用主要味道作为强化物/惩罚物来匹配强化物的维度,并评估它们对注意力的影响。在训练阶段,参与者学会将三种颜色分别与甜果汁(奖励)、盐水(厌恶)和无结果(中性)联系起来。这两种主要强化物根据先前决策任务中的选择进行等价。在随后的测试阶段,这三种颜色被用于目标和干扰物的任务中。与中性色相比,受试者的注意力明显偏向于厌恶条件反射和奖励相关的颜色。重要的是,直接比较奖励刺激和厌恶刺激没有发现显著差异。这些结果表明,当强化物的维度和效价相匹配时,奖励和厌恶的结果会以类似的方式偏向注意,并且它们的效果是可比的,这为学习依赖性注意的动机显著性解释提供了进一步的证据。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"Primary rewards and aversive outcomes have comparable effects on attentional bias.","authors":"Haena Kim, Brian A Anderson","doi":"10.1037/bne0000543","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bne0000543","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Attention is biased toward stimuli previously associated with reward. The same is true for aversive conditioning; stimuli previously associated with an aversive outcome also bias attention, suggesting that motivational salience guides attention. Most research that supports this conclusion has manipulated monetary gain-a secondary reinforcer-for reward learning, and electric shocks-a primary punisher-for aversive conditioning, making it difficult to directly compare their influence on attention. Therefore, in the present study, we matched for reinforcer dimensions by using primary taste as reinforcers/punishers and assessed their influence on attention. In a training phase, participants learned to associate three colors with sweet juice (reward), salt water (aversive), and no outcome (neutral), respectively. The two primary reinforcers were equated for valence based on choices made in a prior decision-making task. In a later test phase, these three colors were used for targets and distractors in a task in which participants oriented to a shape-defined target. An attentional bias in favor of the aversively conditioned and reward-associated colors was evident when comparing to the neutral color. Importantly, a direct comparison of rewarded and aversive stimuli revealed no significant differences. These results suggest that when matched for reinforcer dimensions and valence, reward and aversive outcomes bias attention in a similar manner and their effects are comparable, providing further evidence in support of the motivational salience account of learning-dependent attention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":"137 2","pages":"89-94"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10033370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9163491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Mohammad Ahmadi-Soleimani, Hossein Azizi, Farimah Beheshti, Omid Azizi, Alireza Abbasi-Mazar
Adolescence is a critical life period during which significant neurodevelopmental changes occur within the central nervous system. Consistently, substance abuse in this stage has been found to induce persistent changes in brain responsiveness to future drug challenges. Nowadays, heavy episodic alcohol consumption during adolescence, also known as binge-drinking behavior, is a growing concern in modern societies. On the other hand, alcohol is well known to act as a gateway drug, that is, it promotes the individual's craving for consumption of other drugs of abuse. With this in mind, we aimed to assess whether adolescent ethanol exposure could alter the development of tolerance and dependence to morphine, as an available common opioid drug. Tail flick test was used to measure thermal nociceptive changes in adult male Wistar rats undergone ethanol/vehicle exposure during adolescence. Furthermore, morphine withdrawal syndrome was induced by naloxone injection, and behavioral signs were recorded for 20 min. It was found that adolescent ethanol intake facilitates morphine analgesic tolerance and decreases baseline latency; however, the severity of dependence is not significantly altered. Moreover, we found that 15 days of treatment with omega-3 fatty acids (O3) prevents the mentioned ethanol-induced changes suggesting a therapeutic potential for this compound. O3 supplementation, as an inexpensive and noninvasive method, may assist the clinicians to reverse the adverse effect of alcohol binge drinking on adolescents' brains and to reduce the vulnerability to drug exposure in adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"A history of ethanol intake accelerates the development of morphine analgesic tolerance: A protective potential for omega-3 fatty acids.","authors":"S Mohammad Ahmadi-Soleimani, Hossein Azizi, Farimah Beheshti, Omid Azizi, Alireza Abbasi-Mazar","doi":"10.1037/bne0000542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bne0000542","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescence is a critical life period during which significant neurodevelopmental changes occur within the central nervous system. Consistently, substance abuse in this stage has been found to induce persistent changes in brain responsiveness to future drug challenges. Nowadays, heavy episodic alcohol consumption during adolescence, also known as binge-drinking behavior, is a growing concern in modern societies. On the other hand, alcohol is well known to act as a gateway drug, that is, it promotes the individual's craving for consumption of other drugs of abuse. With this in mind, we aimed to assess whether adolescent ethanol exposure could alter the development of tolerance and dependence to morphine, as an available common opioid drug. Tail flick test was used to measure thermal nociceptive changes in adult male Wistar rats undergone ethanol/vehicle exposure during adolescence. Furthermore, morphine withdrawal syndrome was induced by naloxone injection, and behavioral signs were recorded for 20 min. It was found that adolescent ethanol intake facilitates morphine analgesic tolerance and decreases baseline latency; however, the severity of dependence is not significantly altered. Moreover, we found that 15 days of treatment with omega-3 fatty acids (O3) prevents the mentioned ethanol-induced changes suggesting a therapeutic potential for this compound. O3 supplementation, as an inexpensive and noninvasive method, may assist the clinicians to reverse the adverse effect of alcohol binge drinking on adolescents' brains and to reduce the vulnerability to drug exposure in adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":"137 2","pages":"101-110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9141185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01Epub Date: 2023-01-12DOI: 10.1037/bne0000549
Siyu Wang, Blake Gerken, Julia R Wieland, Robert C Wilson, Jean-Marc Fellous
Humans and animals have to balance the need for exploring new options with exploiting known options that yield good outcomes. This tradeoff is known as the explore-exploit dilemma. To better understand the neural mechanisms underlying how humans and animals address the explore-exploit dilemma, a good animal behavioral model is critical. Most previous rodents explore-exploit studies used ethologically unrealistic operant boxes and reversal learning paradigms in which the decision to abandon a bad option is confounded by the need for exploring a novel option for information collection, making it difficult to separate different drives and heuristics for exploration. In this study, we investigated how rodents make explore-exploit decisions using a spatial navigation horizon task (Wilson et al., 2014) adapted to rats to address the above limitations. We compared the rats' performance to that of humans using identical measures. We showed that rats use prior information to effectively guide exploration. In addition, rats use information-driven directed exploration like humans, but the extent to which they explore has the opposite dependance on time horizon than humans. Moreover, we found that free choices and guided choices have different influences on exploration in rodents, a finding that has not yet been tested in humans. This study reveals that the explore-exploit spatial behavior of rats is more complex than previously thought. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
人类和动物必须在探索新方案和利用已知方案之间取得平衡。这种权衡被称为 "探索-开发困境"。要想更好地了解人类和动物如何解决探索-开发两难问题的神经机制,一个好的动物行为模型至关重要。以往的啮齿动物探索-开发研究大多使用不符合伦理的操作箱和逆转学习范式,在这些范式中,放弃一个糟糕选项的决定与探索一个新选项以收集信息的需要相混淆,因此很难区分探索的不同驱动力和启发式。在这项研究中,我们利用一项针对大鼠的空间导航水平线任务(Wilson 等人,2014 年)来研究啮齿类动物如何做出探索-开发决策,以解决上述局限性。我们使用相同的测量方法将大鼠的表现与人类的表现进行了比较。我们发现,大鼠利用先验信息有效地引导探索。此外,大鼠与人类一样使用信息驱动的定向探索,但其探索程度与时间跨度的依赖性与人类相反。此外,我们还发现自由选择和引导选择对啮齿类动物的探索有不同的影响,这一发现尚未在人类身上得到验证。这项研究揭示了啮齿类动物的探索-开发空间行为比以前认为的更为复杂。(PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, 版权所有)。
{"title":"The effects of time horizon and guided choices on explore-exploit decisions in rodents.","authors":"Siyu Wang, Blake Gerken, Julia R Wieland, Robert C Wilson, Jean-Marc Fellous","doi":"10.1037/bne0000549","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bne0000549","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Humans and animals have to balance the need for exploring new options with exploiting known options that yield good outcomes. This tradeoff is known as the explore-exploit dilemma. To better understand the neural mechanisms underlying how humans and animals address the explore-exploit dilemma, a good animal behavioral model is critical. Most previous rodents explore-exploit studies used ethologically unrealistic operant boxes and reversal learning paradigms in which the decision to abandon a bad option is confounded by the need for exploring a novel option for information collection, making it difficult to separate different drives and heuristics for exploration. In this study, we investigated how rodents make explore-exploit decisions using a spatial navigation horizon task (Wilson et al., 2014) adapted to rats to address the above limitations. We compared the rats' performance to that of humans using identical measures. We showed that rats use prior information to effectively guide exploration. In addition, rats use information-driven directed exploration like humans, but the extent to which they explore has the opposite dependance on time horizon than humans. Moreover, we found that free choices and guided choices have different influences on exploration in rodents, a finding that has not yet been tested in humans. This study reveals that the explore-exploit spatial behavior of rats is more complex than previously thought. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":"137 2","pages":"127-142"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10787949/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9704051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
João P F Kurita, Anderson H F F Leão, Vinicius S Bioni, Raphael Wuo-Silva, Alvaro C Lima, Murilo A Paiva-Santos, Gabriela F Marinho, Débora M G Cunha, Marcela Becegato, Leonardo B Lopes-Silva, Alessandra M Ribeiro, Regina H Silva
Optimal levels of anxiety are critical to memory consolidation, but maladaptive anxiety can disrupt memory acquisition. Serotonergic activity within the amygdala influences both anxiety-like behavior and aversive memory consolidation. To evaluate the effects of serotoninergic manipulations within the basolateral amygdala (BLA) on anxiety-like behavior and aversive memory in rats tested in the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task (PMDAT). The PMDAT investigates aversive memory and anxiety-like behavior simultaneously in rodents. Three-month-old male Wistar rats received bilateral infusions (1 μL per side) of saline, 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1 agonist; 10 nmol), WAY100135 (5-HT1 antagonist; 0.9 nmol), ketanserine (5-HT 2 antagonist; 10 nmol), or fluoxetine (serotonin reuptake inhibitor; 1.6 nmol) into the BLA and were submitted to PMDAT training session 15 min later. In the test, 24 hr later, animals were re-exposed to the apparatus without the infusion of drugs, and aversive memory was evaluated. (a) 8-OH-DPAT did not affect memory or anxiety, but impaired avoidance behavior toward the aversive arm during training; (b) fluoxetine, WAY100135 and ketanserin impaired memory formation; (c) ketanserin decreased anxiety-like behavior; and (d) none of the treatments induced motor changes. The results showed that an increase in serotonin (5-HT) availability or the blockade of 5HT1A and 5HT2A BLA receptors impaired aversive memory formation. However, only 5HT2A receptor antagonism induced anxiolytic effects. Thus, both memory and anxiety-like behavior can be modified by changes in serotonergic transmission in the basolateral amygdala, but the effects on both phenomena seem to be mediated by different mechanisms related to serotonergic transmission. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Memory and anxiety-like behavior of rats in the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task: Role of serotonergic transmission in the basolateral amygdala.","authors":"João P F Kurita, Anderson H F F Leão, Vinicius S Bioni, Raphael Wuo-Silva, Alvaro C Lima, Murilo A Paiva-Santos, Gabriela F Marinho, Débora M G Cunha, Marcela Becegato, Leonardo B Lopes-Silva, Alessandra M Ribeiro, Regina H Silva","doi":"10.1037/bne0000548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bne0000548","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Optimal levels of anxiety are critical to memory consolidation, but maladaptive anxiety can disrupt memory acquisition. Serotonergic activity within the amygdala influences both anxiety-like behavior and aversive memory consolidation. To evaluate the effects of serotoninergic manipulations within the basolateral amygdala (BLA) on anxiety-like behavior and aversive memory in rats tested in the plus-maze discriminative avoidance task (PMDAT). The PMDAT investigates aversive memory and anxiety-like behavior simultaneously in rodents. Three-month-old male Wistar rats received bilateral infusions (1 μL per side) of saline, 8-OH-DPAT (5-HT1 agonist; 10 nmol), WAY100135 (5-HT1 antagonist; 0.9 nmol), ketanserine (5-HT 2 antagonist; 10 nmol), or fluoxetine (serotonin reuptake inhibitor; 1.6 nmol) into the BLA and were submitted to PMDAT training session 15 min later. In the test, 24 hr later, animals were re-exposed to the apparatus without the infusion of drugs, and aversive memory was evaluated. (a) 8-OH-DPAT did not affect memory or anxiety, but impaired avoidance behavior toward the aversive arm during training; (b) fluoxetine, WAY100135 and ketanserin impaired memory formation; (c) ketanserin decreased anxiety-like behavior; and (d) none of the treatments induced motor changes. The results showed that an increase in serotonin (5-HT) availability or the blockade of 5HT1A and 5HT2A BLA receptors impaired aversive memory formation. However, only 5HT2A receptor antagonism induced anxiolytic effects. Thus, both memory and anxiety-like behavior can be modified by changes in serotonergic transmission in the basolateral amygdala, but the effects on both phenomena seem to be mediated by different mechanisms related to serotonergic transmission. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":"137 2","pages":"143-153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9196010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Previous studies have reported the importance of the precuneus in mediating metacognition and the prefrontal cortex in decision-making tasks. However, the mechanisms underlying metacognition remain to be fully elucidated. N-acetyl aspartate/creatine + phosphocreatine (NAA/Cr + PCr) is a putative neuronal marker level, which has been used in cognitive disorders. Long echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to further explore the metabolic correlates of metacognition. Metacognition was based on a self-reported questionnaire of nursing students. Magnetic resonance spectra of the bilateral precuneus and medial prefrontal cortex were recorded. A significant positive correlation was discovered between the total metacognitive score and academic performance (p = .007). The precuneus NAA/Cr + PCr ratios corresponded to metacognitive ability. Moreover, the correlation between precuneus NAA/Cr + PCr ratios and metacognitive ability was established for the right and not for the left precuneus. These findings further indicated that the right precuneal region plays an important role in metacognition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy to explore metacognitive ability.","authors":"Xueyan Zhang, Jun Li, Xiaomei Li","doi":"10.1037/bne0000545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/bne0000545","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Previous studies have reported the importance of the precuneus in mediating metacognition and the prefrontal cortex in decision-making tasks. However, the mechanisms underlying metacognition remain to be fully elucidated. N-acetyl aspartate/creatine + phosphocreatine (NAA/Cr + PCr) is a putative neuronal marker level, which has been used in cognitive disorders. Long echo time proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to further explore the metabolic correlates of metacognition. Metacognition was based on a self-reported questionnaire of nursing students. Magnetic resonance spectra of the bilateral precuneus and medial prefrontal cortex were recorded. A significant positive correlation was discovered between the total metacognitive score and academic performance (<i>p</i> = .007). The precuneus NAA/Cr + PCr ratios corresponded to metacognitive ability. Moreover, the correlation between precuneus NAA/Cr + PCr ratios and metacognitive ability was established for the right and not for the left precuneus. These findings further indicated that the right precuneal region plays an important role in metacognition. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":"137 2","pages":"120-126"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9141665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-01Epub Date: 2022-12-15DOI: 10.1037/bne0000544
Kelle E Nett, Ryan T LaLumiere
Evidence suggests that single housing in rats acts as a chronic stressor, raising the possibilities that it contributes to measures of heroin craving and that pair housing ameliorates such measures. This study aimed to determine whether pair housing after heroin self-administration reduces the incubation of craving, extinction, and reinstatement of heroin seeking. Single-housed female and male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent daily 6-hr heroin self-administration, wherein active lever presses produced a heroin infusion paired with light/tone cues. One day after self-administration, rats underwent a baseline cued-seeking test wherein active lever presses only produced light/tone cues. Immediately following this cued-seeking test, rats were either pair-housed with weight- and sex-matched naïve rat or remained single-housed for the rest of the study. For 14 days, rats remained in their homecages, after which they underwent a cued-seeking test to assess the incubation of craving compared to their baseline test. Rats then underwent extinction sessions followed by cue-induced and heroin-primed reinstatements. The findings reveal that pair-housed rats did not differ from single-housed rats in terms of the incubation of craving, extinction, or reinstatement of heroin seeking. Additionally, the results did not reveal any evidence of sex-based differences in the study. The present work indicates that pair housing during the forced abstinence period does not alter measures of heroin craving/seeking. These findings suggest that the chronic stress of single housing specifically during forced abstinence does not contribute to the degree of such measures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
{"title":"Pair housing does not alter incubation of craving, extinction, and reinstatement after heroin self-administration in female and male rats.","authors":"Kelle E Nett, Ryan T LaLumiere","doi":"10.1037/bne0000544","DOIUrl":"10.1037/bne0000544","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Evidence suggests that single housing in rats acts as a chronic stressor, raising the possibilities that it contributes to measures of heroin craving and that pair housing ameliorates such measures. This study aimed to determine whether pair housing after heroin self-administration reduces the incubation of craving, extinction, and reinstatement of heroin seeking. Single-housed female and male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent daily 6-hr heroin self-administration, wherein active lever presses produced a heroin infusion paired with light/tone cues. One day after self-administration, rats underwent a baseline cued-seeking test wherein active lever presses only produced light/tone cues. Immediately following this cued-seeking test, rats were either pair-housed with weight- and sex-matched naïve rat or remained single-housed for the rest of the study. For 14 days, rats remained in their homecages, after which they underwent a cued-seeking test to assess the incubation of craving compared to their baseline test. Rats then underwent extinction sessions followed by cue-induced and heroin-primed reinstatements. The findings reveal that pair-housed rats did not differ from single-housed rats in terms of the incubation of craving, extinction, or reinstatement of heroin seeking. Additionally, the results did not reveal any evidence of sex-based differences in the study. The present work indicates that pair housing during the forced abstinence period does not alter measures of heroin craving/seeking. These findings suggest that the chronic stress of single housing specifically during forced abstinence does not contribute to the degree of such measures. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":8739,"journal":{"name":"Behavioral neuroscience","volume":"137 2","pages":"111-119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10033383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9163492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}