Pub Date : 2024-10-19DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2024.109536
Kazuaki Ninomiya , Tatsuhiko Taniuchi
In the present study, a tumor microtissue was assembled by precisely stacking normal and cancer cell spheroids on Kenzan (microneedle array) using a spheroid stacking type bio-3D printer. This is the first study to non-invasively observe the dynamic behavior of GFP-tagged cancer cell invasion in the microtissue assembled by a spheroid stacking type bio-3D printer. First, the cancer cell spheroid was prepared using 10 % cancer cells (MCF-7 expressing GFP) and 90 % normal cells (70 % HNDF and 20 % HUVEC). The normal cell spheroid was prepared using 100 % normal cells (80 % HNDF and 20 % HUVEC). The tumor microtissue was then assembled on Kenzan by placing 1 cancer cell spheroid in the center position of the microtissue and 8 normal cell spheroids around it. 9 spheroids stacked on Kenzan were fused into 1 tumor microtissue after 24 hours of culture. The green fluorescence derived from cancer cells spread from the central position to the entire area of the tumor microtissue. The spread dynamics of cancer cell-derived GFP fluorescence can be used as a simple measure to evaluate cancer cell migration/invasion and response to anticancer drugs.
{"title":"Assembly of a tumor microtissue by stacking normal and cancer spheroids on Kenzan using a bio-3D printer to monitor dynamic cancer cell invasion in the microtissue","authors":"Kazuaki Ninomiya , Tatsuhiko Taniuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the present study, a tumor microtissue was assembled by precisely stacking normal and cancer cell spheroids on Kenzan (microneedle array) using a spheroid stacking type bio-3D printer. This is the first study to non-invasively observe the dynamic behavior of GFP-tagged cancer cell invasion in the microtissue assembled by a spheroid stacking type bio-3D printer. First, the cancer cell spheroid was prepared using 10 % cancer cells (MCF-7 expressing GFP) and 90 % normal cells (70 % HNDF and 20 % HUVEC). The normal cell spheroid was prepared using 100 % normal cells (80 % HNDF and 20 % HUVEC). The tumor microtissue was then assembled on Kenzan by placing 1 cancer cell spheroid in the center position of the microtissue and 8 normal cell spheroids around it. 9 spheroids stacked on Kenzan were fused into 1 tumor microtissue after 24 hours of culture. The green fluorescence derived from cancer cells spread from the central position to the entire area of the tumor microtissue. The spread dynamics of cancer cell-derived GFP fluorescence can be used as a simple measure to evaluate cancer cell migration/invasion and response to anticancer drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109536"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contact infection, whereby the virus is transmitted through objects to which it adheres, affects the spread of infection. Although inactivation with alcohol is commonly used, the virus may adhere to the surface again after removal. It is necessary to take measures against direct and contact infection to control the spread of viral infection. However, the type of material the viruses adsorb onto is not fully understood. The objective in the present study is to elucidate virus adsorption behavior to suppress the indirect spread of infection. We examined for materials that are difficult for viruses to adhere to and investigated their adsorption mechanisms to control the spread of infection through contact infection. In this study, spike protein-modified fluorescent nanoparticles (SFNs) were designed and fabricated by modifying the surface of fluorescent particles with the spike S1 protein, which is expected to first contact and adsorb onto the material surface. Purpose of the present study is to analyze the influence of material characteristics on virus adhesion using SFNs. SFNs were adsorbed onto Nylon, polyester (PET), polypropylene (PP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), acrylic and rayon, and their fluorescence intensities and adsorption characteristics were compared by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and fluorescence analysis. Principal component analysis showed that virus adsorption was more sensitive to coarseness for PTFE than for other fibers.
{"title":"Adsorption characteristics of virus-mimetic fluorescent nanoparticles on polymer fiber material surfaces","authors":"Rina Uchida , Ayuri Mitsuno , Tomohiro Komatsu , Chisato Sakamoto , Satoshi Amaya , Satoshi Migita , Eiichiro Takamura , Hiroaki Sakamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109534","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109534","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Contact infection, whereby the virus is transmitted through objects to which it adheres, affects the spread of infection. Although inactivation with alcohol is commonly used, the virus may adhere to the surface again after removal. It is necessary to take measures against direct and contact infection to control the spread of viral infection. However, the type of material the viruses adsorb onto is not fully understood. The objective in the present study is to elucidate virus adsorption behavior to suppress the indirect spread of infection. We examined for materials that are difficult for viruses to adhere to and investigated their adsorption mechanisms to control the spread of infection through contact infection. In this study, spike protein-modified fluorescent nanoparticles (SFNs) were designed and fabricated by modifying the surface of fluorescent particles with the spike S1 protein, which is expected to first contact and adsorb onto the material surface. Purpose of the present study is to analyze the influence of material characteristics on virus adhesion using SFNs. SFNs were adsorbed onto Nylon, polyester (PET), polypropylene (PP), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), acrylic and rayon, and their fluorescence intensities and adsorption characteristics were compared by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis and fluorescence analysis. Principal component analysis showed that virus adsorption was more sensitive to coarseness for PTFE than for other fibers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"213 ","pages":"Article 109534"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142534348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2024.109532
Emmanuel Yahaya , Wan Sieng Yeo , Jobrun Nandong
Microalgae have advantages, including rapid growth rates, a high lipid production capacity, effective removal of nitrates and phosphates from wastewater, and efficient carbon dioxide (CO2) absorption. The optimal operating conditions and strategies of microalgae cultivation can vary significantly from one goal to another. An economic approach to exploring various operating strategies is doable via microalgal process modeling and simulation. Therefore, this study aims to develop a simulation model aimed at enhancing algae growth within a photobioreactor (PBR) system designed to reduce CO2 emissions in palm oil mills. This simulation model is constructed to explore the algae growth CO2 capture efficiency and the influence of oxygen (O2) in the water in the PBR. This study achieved a CO2 capture efficiency of up to 60 % which represents the highest capture, and a dissolved O2 of 20 % was achieved due to the effect of the mass transfer coefficient. Algal growth exhibited a high rate, approximately 1057 g/m3, which could serve as a potential pathway for biodiesel or biobutanol production. Additionally, this study underscores the significant role of the mass transfer coefficient in effectively reducing liquid O2 levels to maximize CO2 capture and achieve a high algae yield. Furthermore, the simulation results reveal that a high concentration of O2 in the water promotes photorespiration, which hampers algal growth and reduces CO2 capture efficiency.
{"title":"Process modeling and 3-stage photobioreactor design for algae cultivation and CO2 capture: A case study using palm oil mill effluent","authors":"Emmanuel Yahaya , Wan Sieng Yeo , Jobrun Nandong","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109532","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microalgae have advantages, including rapid growth rates, a high lipid production capacity, effective removal of nitrates and phosphates from wastewater, and efficient carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) absorption. The optimal operating conditions and strategies of microalgae cultivation can vary significantly from one goal to another. An economic approach to exploring various operating strategies is doable via microalgal process modeling and simulation. Therefore, this study aims to develop a simulation model aimed at enhancing algae growth within a photobioreactor (PBR) system designed to reduce CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in palm oil mills. This simulation model is constructed to explore the algae growth CO<sub>2</sub> capture efficiency and the influence of oxygen (O<sub>2</sub>) in the water in the PBR. This study achieved a CO<sub>2</sub> capture efficiency of up to 60 % which represents the highest capture, and a dissolved O<sub>2</sub> of 20 % was achieved due to the effect of the mass transfer coefficient. Algal growth exhibited a high rate, approximately 1057 g/m<sup>3</sup>, which could serve as a potential pathway for biodiesel or biobutanol production. Additionally, this study underscores the significant role of the mass transfer coefficient in effectively reducing liquid O<sub>2</sub> levels to maximize CO<sub>2</sub> capture and achieve a high algae yield. Furthermore, the simulation results reveal that a high concentration of O<sub>2</sub> in the water promotes photorespiration, which hampers algal growth and reduces CO<sub>2</sub> capture efficiency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2024.109533
Zhendong Liu , Haichang Xu , Bin Wei , Hao Liang
Sucrose phosphorylase (SPase) is a highly efficient glycosyltransferase which has a wide range of substrate specificity and excellent application prospects in the cosmetics, food, and medicine fields. The application of free SPase is limited due to its high cost, poor stability and poor reusability. Immobilization of enzymes can solve these problems. In this study, SPase was firstly immobilized by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and surface-coating amorphous ZIF-67 for enhancing catalytical activity and reusability. ZIF-67@SPase@MNPs with MNPs core and ZIF-67 shell was characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, FT-IR and VSM. Compared with free SPase, the catalytic activity of ZIF-67@SPase@MNPs increased by 30 %. Coated with amorphous ZIF-67, the immobilized enzyme retained 70 % relative activity after 12 cycles and 80 % relative activity after 15 days of storage. In addition, ZIF-67@SPase@MNPs had strong magnetic properties and the saturation magnetization was 52.07 emu/g. Surface-coating amorphous ZIF-67 on SPase@MNPs is a promising method for immobilizing enzymes, which can improve catalytic activity and reusability, therefore showing great application potential in biocatalysts and product separation. It has a good application prospect in the production of high viscosity glycosides.
{"title":"Enhanced catalytic activity and reusability of sucrose phosphorylase@magnetic nanoparticles by surface-coating amorphous ZIF-67","authors":"Zhendong Liu , Haichang Xu , Bin Wei , Hao Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109533","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109533","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sucrose phosphorylase (SPase) is a highly efficient glycosyltransferase which has a wide range of substrate specificity and excellent application prospects in the cosmetics, food, and medicine fields. The application of free SPase is limited due to its high cost, poor stability and poor reusability. Immobilization of enzymes can solve these problems. In this study, SPase was firstly immobilized by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) and surface-coating amorphous ZIF-67 for enhancing catalytical activity and reusability. ZIF-67@SPase@MNPs with MNPs core and ZIF-67 shell was characterized by TEM, SEM, XRD, FT-IR and VSM. Compared with free SPase, the catalytic activity of ZIF-67@SPase@MNPs increased by 30 %. Coated with amorphous ZIF-67, the immobilized enzyme retained 70 % relative activity after 12 cycles and 80 % relative activity after 15 days of storage. In addition, ZIF-67@SPase@MNPs had strong magnetic properties and the saturation magnetization was 52.07 emu/g. Surface-coating amorphous ZIF-67 on SPase@MNPs is a promising method for immobilizing enzymes, which can improve catalytic activity and reusability, therefore showing great application potential in biocatalysts and product separation. It has a good application prospect in the production of high viscosity glycosides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109533"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-15DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2024.109531
Benhur K. Asefaw , Huan Chen , Youneng Tang
Removal of selenate (SeO42-) from selenate-contaminated wastewater is challenging due to the commonly co-existing and competing anions of sulfate (SO42-) and nitrate (NO3-). This study investigates SeO42− reduction to elemental selenium (Se0) in a cathode-based bioelectrochemical (BEC) reactor and a conventional biofilm reactor (i.e., an upflow anaerobic reactor). The simulated wastewater contained SeO42− at a typical concentration of 5 mg Se/L, SO42− at a typical concentration of 1000 mg S/L, and NO3− at concentrations that varied from 0 to 10 mg N/L. The impact of sulfate on the BEC reactor was much lower than that on the conventional reactor: The selenium removal, defined as (selenate in influent – dissolved selenium in effluent)/selenate in influent, was 99 % in the BEC reactor versus 69 % in the conventional biofilm reactor. The lower selenium removal in the conventional reactor was mainly due to the >10 times higher reduction of sulfate, which directly caused competition between sulfate and selenate for the common resources such as electrons. The more reduction of sulfate in the conventional reactor further led to 45 times higher production of selenide. Selenide is usually assumed to be minimal and therefore not measured in the literature. This simplification may significantly overestimate selenium removal when the influent sulfate concentration is very high. NO3- in the influent of the BEC reactor promoted selenium removal when it was less than 5.0 mg N/L but inhibited selenate removal when it was more than 7.5 mg N/L. This was supported by the microbial community analysis and intermediate (nitrite) analysis.
{"title":"Removal of selenate from wastewater using a bioelectrochemical reactor: The importance of measuring selenide and the role of competing anions","authors":"Benhur K. Asefaw , Huan Chen , Youneng Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109531","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109531","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Removal of selenate (SeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>) from selenate-contaminated wastewater is challenging due to the commonly co-existing and competing anions of sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>) and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>). This study investigates SeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> reduction to elemental selenium (Se<sup>0</sup>) in a cathode-based bioelectrochemical (BEC) reactor and a conventional biofilm reactor (<em>i.e.</em>, an upflow anaerobic reactor). The simulated wastewater contained SeO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> at a typical concentration of 5 mg Se/L, SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup> at a typical concentration of 1000 mg S/L, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> at concentrations that varied from 0 to 10 mg N/L. The impact of sulfate on the BEC reactor was much lower than that on the conventional reactor: The selenium removal, defined as (selenate in influent – dissolved selenium in effluent)/selenate in influent, was 99 % in the BEC reactor versus 69 % in the conventional biofilm reactor. The lower selenium removal in the conventional reactor was mainly due to the >10 times higher reduction of sulfate, which directly caused competition between sulfate and selenate for the common resources such as electrons. The more reduction of sulfate in the conventional reactor further led to 45 times higher production of selenide. Selenide is usually assumed to be minimal and therefore not measured in the literature. This simplification may significantly overestimate selenium removal when the influent sulfate concentration is very high. NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> in the influent of the BEC reactor promoted selenium removal when it was less than 5.0 mg N/L but inhibited selenate removal when it was more than 7.5 mg N/L. This was supported by the microbial community analysis and intermediate (nitrite) analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109531"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-13DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2024.109530
Liu Lou , Weikun Li , Hao Yao , Huiying Luo , Gang Liu , Jun Fang
The high phosphorus content in livestock and poultry wastewater is a significant factor contributing to water eutrophication. It is imperative to seek an economically efficient method for phosphate recovery. This study employed cerium-modified biochar to recover phosphate from pig farm wastewater. An investigation was conducted to examine the adsorption performance and removal mechanism of phosphate. Among the different samples, 0.1CeB-500℃ was selected for subsequent experiments. It exhibited a phosphate adsorption capacity of 9.58 mg/g and a removal efficiency of 95.75 %. The results showed that the phosphate adsorption process followed not only the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, but also the Langmuir isotherm model. It suggested that the adsorption of phosphate onto the biochar occurred in a monolayer chemical manner, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 10.86 mg/g. Phosphate adsorption was minimally affected within the pH range of 2–9, with Cl- having negligible impact, NO3- slightly inhibiting, and HCO3- and CO32- significantly hindering phosphate adsorption. A series of characterization results indicated that phosphate removal occurred through surface precipitation forming CePO4, ligand exchange between carbonate and phosphate, inner-sphere complexation, and electrostatic attraction. The phosphate removal efficiency from pig farm wastewater was 43.25 %, demonstrating promising potential for practical application.
{"title":"Corn stover waste preparation cerium-modified biochar for phosphate removal from pig farm wastewater: Adsorption performance and mechanism","authors":"Liu Lou , Weikun Li , Hao Yao , Huiying Luo , Gang Liu , Jun Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109530","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109530","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The high phosphorus content in livestock and poultry wastewater is a significant factor contributing to water eutrophication. It is imperative to seek an economically efficient method for phosphate recovery. This study employed cerium-modified biochar to recover phosphate from pig farm wastewater. An investigation was conducted to examine the adsorption performance and removal mechanism of phosphate. Among the different samples, 0.1CeB-500℃ was selected for subsequent experiments. It exhibited a phosphate adsorption capacity of 9.58 mg/g and a removal efficiency of 95.75 %. The results showed that the phosphate adsorption process followed not only the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, but also the Langmuir isotherm model. It suggested that the adsorption of phosphate onto the biochar occurred in a monolayer chemical manner, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 10.86 mg/g. Phosphate adsorption was minimally affected within the pH range of 2–9, with Cl<sup>-</sup> having negligible impact, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> slightly inhibiting, and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup> significantly hindering phosphate adsorption. A series of characterization results indicated that phosphate removal occurred through surface precipitation forming CePO<sub>4</sub>, ligand exchange between carbonate and phosphate, inner-sphere complexation, and electrostatic attraction. The phosphate removal efficiency from pig farm wastewater was 43.25 %, demonstrating promising potential for practical application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109530"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A novel binary particulate pulsating anaerobic fluidized bed microbial fuel cell (BPFB-MFC) was designed and constructed in order to improve the efficiency of low-grade energy conversion in sewage. The effects of pulsed liquid flow rate and bed filling rate on the electricity production performance and effluent treatment characteristics of the BPFB-MFC were investigated experimentally. The results showed that when the pulsed liquid flow was u=1.95sin(π/3)t cm·s−1 and when the bed materials in the anode chamber consisted of 10 % bed height activated carbon particles and 10 % bed height ceramic particles, the highest voltage produced was 519.7 mV, the highest power density was 587.5 mW·m−2, and the lowest internal resistance was 171.2Ω, which was the optimal experimental working condition. It was found that the electricity production performance and effluent treatment efficiency of the mixed particles system were better than those of a system with single particles. This work held promise of promoting the industrialization of MFC.
{"title":"Power production characteristics of binary particles pulsed anaerobic fluidized bed microbial fuel cell","authors":"Yangfan Song, Meng Wang, Yiming Han, Yanmin Li, Hongwei Chen, Xiang Wei, Zhuo Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A novel binary particulate pulsating anaerobic fluidized bed microbial fuel cell (BPFB-MFC) was designed and constructed in order to improve the efficiency of low-grade energy conversion in sewage. The effects of pulsed liquid flow rate and bed filling rate on the electricity production performance and effluent treatment characteristics of the BPFB-MFC were investigated experimentally. The results showed that when the pulsed liquid flow was <em>u</em>=1.95sin(π/3)<em>t</em> cm·s<sup>−1</sup> and when the bed materials in the anode chamber consisted of 10 % bed height activated carbon particles and 10 % bed height ceramic particles, the highest voltage produced was 519.7 mV, the highest power density was 587.5 mW·m<sup>−2</sup>, and the lowest internal resistance was 171.2Ω, which was the optimal experimental working condition. It was found that the electricity production performance and effluent treatment efficiency of the mixed particles system were better than those of a system with single particles. This work held promise of promoting the industrialization of MFC.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2024.109522
Shengding Wang, Yuanhui Mao, Fangwei Song, Shuli Liang, Ying Lin
Rebaudioside D (Reb D) is a zero-calorie, high-intensity sweetener favored for its superior taste profile compared to other steviol glycosides such as Stevioside (ST) and Rebaudioside A (Reb A). However, Reb D naturally accounts for only about 0.5% of the dry leaf mass of stevia, creating a production challenge. To address this, a mutated glycosyltransferase PgUGT (M8) (named PgM8) from Panax ginseng and sucrose synthase mbSUS from Vigna radiata were co-expressed in Pichia pastoris. We enhanced the system by fusing PgM8 with the GPI-anchored protein GCW61 for cell surface display, achieving enzyme immobilization. Optimizing the PgM8 copy number increased catalytic activity by 82.56%. This innovation enabled continuous whole-cell catalysis for Reb D synthesis, eliminating the need for cell disruption and purification while improving strain reusability. The yield of Reb D reached 48.2 g/L (42.7 mM) in a 50 mL batch within 33 hours, suggesting that this whole-cell catalyst has great potential for large-scale industrial production.
{"title":"Surface display of glycosyltransferase PgM8 and whole-cell catalysis for efficient Rebaudioside D biosynthesis in Pichia pastoris","authors":"Shengding Wang, Yuanhui Mao, Fangwei Song, Shuli Liang, Ying Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109522","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Rebaudioside D (Reb D) is a zero-calorie, high-intensity sweetener favored for its superior taste profile compared to other steviol glycosides such as Stevioside (ST) and Rebaudioside A (Reb A). However, Reb D naturally accounts for only about 0.5% of the dry leaf mass of stevia, creating a production challenge. To address this, a mutated glycosyltransferase PgUGT (M8) (named PgM8) from <em>Panax ginseng</em> and sucrose synthase mbSUS from <em>Vigna radiata</em> were co-expressed in <em>Pichia pastoris</em>. We enhanced the system by fusing PgM8 with the GPI-anchored protein GCW61 for cell surface display, achieving enzyme immobilization. Optimizing the PgM8 copy number increased catalytic activity by 82.56%. This innovation enabled continuous whole-cell catalysis for Reb D synthesis, eliminating the need for cell disruption and purification while improving strain reusability. The yield of Reb D reached 48.2<!--> <!-->g/L (42.7<!--> <!-->mM) in a 50<!--> <!-->mL batch within 33<!--> <!-->hours, suggesting that this whole-cell catalyst has great potential for large-scale industrial production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142425035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2024.109529
Xiaoyun Ye , Xin Zhang , Xiurong Chen , He Cui , Lei Dong , Xiao Yu
The accumulation of residual sludge as process waste from water treatment engineering needs to be addressed urgently. Tetradesmus obliquus is an important algal species in the field of wastewater treatment. In this study, T. obliquus was cultured in different sludge extract to determine its ability to utilize wastes from the liquid phase and convert them into biomass, and to analyze the response of the microalgae to toxic stress using proteomics. The results showed that the sludge extract medium was superior to the BG11 medium in accumulating biomass, with dry weights, proteins and polysaccharides at least 1.09, 1.12 and 1.28 times higher than those of BG11 medium. In toxic group, T. obliquus reduced TOC from an initial 426.8±20.0 mg/L to 180.4±8.5 mg/L with a simultaneous 48.4 % reduction in toxicity. Toxic sludge extract produced greater damage to the photosystem of T. obliquus compared to the blank, significantly inhibiting the expression of two photosystem II core proteins, A0A383VSL5 (0.290 down) and A0A383V2Z3 (0.308 down), on day 5. However, these impairments were reversible, and at day 20, the expression of A0A383VSL5 was not inhibited, the inhibitory effect of A0A383V2Z3 (0.575 down) was attenuated. These results fill a gap on the treatment of various types of residual sludge by T. obliquus and provide promising strategies for microalgae treatment of residual sludge, whether non-toxic or toxic.
{"title":"Unraveling the residual sludge-mediated waste transformation and physiological regulation mechanism of Tetradesmus obliquus","authors":"Xiaoyun Ye , Xin Zhang , Xiurong Chen , He Cui , Lei Dong , Xiao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109529","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109529","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The accumulation of residual sludge as process waste from water treatment engineering needs to be addressed urgently. <em>Tetradesmus obliquus</em> is an important algal species in the field of wastewater treatment. In this study, <em>T. obliquus</em> was cultured in different sludge extract to determine its ability to utilize wastes from the liquid phase and convert them into biomass, and to analyze the response of the microalgae to toxic stress using proteomics. The results showed that the sludge extract medium was superior to the BG11 medium in accumulating biomass, with dry weights, proteins and polysaccharides at least 1.09, 1.12 and 1.28 times higher than those of BG11 medium. In toxic group, <em>T. obliquus</em> reduced TOC from an initial 426.8±20.0 mg/L to 180.4±8.5 mg/L with a simultaneous 48.4 % reduction in toxicity. Toxic sludge extract produced greater damage to the photosystem of <em>T. obliquus</em> compared to the blank, significantly inhibiting the expression of two photosystem II core proteins, A0A383VSL5 (0.290 down) and A0A383V2Z3 (0.308 down), on day 5. However, these impairments were reversible, and at day 20, the expression of A0A383VSL5 was not inhibited, the inhibitory effect of A0A383V2Z3 (0.575 down) was attenuated. These results fill a gap on the treatment of various types of residual sludge by <em>T. obliquus</em> and provide promising strategies for microalgae treatment of residual sludge, whether non-toxic or toxic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109529"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142445124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-11DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2024.109527
Chunlei Zhu , Jian Zhang , Guangfeng Huang , David Z. Zhu
The adsorption of Cd(Ⅱ) in sewage by single-modified biochar systems have limitations, whereas composite modification can enhance the efficiency. In this study, reed straw biochar and Bacillus subtilis were used as raw materials. UV radiation was employed to modify the biochar, and subsequently, Bacillus subtilis was loaded onto the biochar by adsorption, creating modified biochar composites. The Cd(II) adsorption performance and removal efficiency of these composites were then investigated. It was characterized by BET, SEM-EDS, FT-IR, XRD and ZETA potential analysis. Adsorption experiments were conducted under varying conditions (initial Cd(Ⅱ) concentration, UV radiation time, initial pH, etc.), with adsorption isotherms and kinetic models used. Results indicated that 24 hours UV radiation significantly enhanced adsorption performance, increasing the biochar’s surface area by 40 % and pore volume by 20 %, and introducing numerous pores and oxygen-containing functional groups to the biochar's surface. Significantly enhancing the saturation adsorption capacity for Cd(II) from 23.98 mg/g to 49.93 mg/g after UV- Modified biochar was loaded with Bacillus. Modified biochar composites performed better compared to single-modified biochar across different initial Cd(Ⅱ) concentrations, particularly in slightly alkaline environments. The primary adsorption mechanisms were chemical adsorption, such as ion exchange and surface precipitation. The synergistic effect of UV radiation and microbial loading significantly enhanced Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption efficiency. This study demonstrates that composite modification is a more efficient method, aiding in the removal of heavy metal ion Cd(Ⅱ) from water.
{"title":"UV-modified biochar-Bacillus subtilis composite: An effective method for enhancing Cd(II) adsorption from water","authors":"Chunlei Zhu , Jian Zhang , Guangfeng Huang , David Z. Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109527","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.bej.2024.109527","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adsorption of Cd(Ⅱ) in sewage by single-modified biochar systems have limitations, whereas composite modification can enhance the efficiency. In this study, reed straw biochar and <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> were used as raw materials. UV radiation was employed to modify the biochar, and subsequently, <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> was loaded onto the biochar by adsorption, creating modified biochar composites. The Cd(II) adsorption performance and removal efficiency of these composites were then investigated. It was characterized by BET, SEM-EDS, FT-IR, XRD and ZETA potential analysis. Adsorption experiments were conducted under varying conditions (initial Cd(Ⅱ) concentration, UV radiation time, initial pH, etc.), with adsorption isotherms and kinetic models used. Results indicated that 24 hours UV radiation significantly enhanced adsorption performance, increasing the biochar’s surface area by 40 % and pore volume by 20 %, and introducing numerous pores and oxygen-containing functional groups to the biochar's surface. Significantly enhancing the saturation adsorption capacity for Cd(II) from 23.98 mg/g to 49.93 mg/g after UV- Modified biochar was loaded with <em>Bacillus</em>. Modified biochar composites performed better compared to single-modified biochar across different initial Cd(Ⅱ) concentrations, particularly in slightly alkaline environments. The primary adsorption mechanisms were chemical adsorption, such as ion exchange and surface precipitation. The synergistic effect of UV radiation and microbial loading significantly enhanced Cd(Ⅱ) adsorption efficiency. This study demonstrates that composite modification is a more efficient method, aiding in the removal of heavy metal ion Cd(Ⅱ) from water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8766,"journal":{"name":"Biochemical Engineering Journal","volume":"212 ","pages":"Article 109527"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142432357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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