Dental caries is a common health problem in human and it is important how to effectively treat the dental caries. In this study, mannitol-liamocin obtained was found to have high activity against Streptococcus mutans. The mutant strain Δpt-42, which lacked both the MPDH gene and the MtDH gene, was capable of producing 11.7 ± 2.2 g/L of liamocin with a single arabinitol head, A-liamocin. By optimizing the primary carbon sources in the medium, the engineered V33 strain grown in a medium containing fructose as the sole carbon source, was capable of producing 39.3 ± 1.0 g/L of liamocin with a single mannitol head, M-liamocin. M-liamocin exhibited greater inhibitory activity against S. mutans than A-liamocin. Furthermore, when the concentration of M-liamocin reached 1.25 mg/mL, nearly half of S. mutans biofilms was inhibited. In contrast, at a concentration of 5.0 mg/mL, the formation of S. mutans biofilms was completely inhibited. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of M-liamocin were 2.5 mg/mL and 6.0 mg/mL, respectively. M-liamocin not only effectively reduced the extracellular polysaccharide production and acid production of S. mutans, but also induced the leakage of lactic acid dehydrogenase. Simultaneously, the permeability of the cell membrane, the cell surface, and the formation of cell chains in the treated S. mutans biofilm were compromised, leading to bacterial cell necrosis.
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