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Accuracy of Prick Skin Tests for Ingestant Hypersensitivity Diagnosis 刺破皮肤试验对摄食过敏诊断的准确性
Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/13590840410001734901
K. Eaton
The accuracy of the modified prick skin test (Pepys) for the diagnosis of food sensitivity reactions was evaluated, noting both immediate and delayed responses. Single‐blind tests were performed on 19 patients who had stable patterns of responsiveness to elimination and repeated open food challenges. Foods to which the patients were sensitized were tested, together with an equal number of foods to which (by challenge) the patient had been shown not to be sensitive. Skin test responses were compared with those to the open food challenges, the latter of which are assumed to be accurate. Using these criteria, the prick skin test had an accuracy of only 28%, with the best two extracts (cow's milk and cheese) scoring respectively 7 correct and 4 incorrect results and 6 correct and 2 incorrect results. The least accurate extracts were pork and sugar, scoring respectively 2 correct and 8 incorrect results, and 1 correct and 5 incorrect results. The author concludes that the modifed prick skin test is not a valid...
改进的点刺皮肤试验(Pepys)诊断食物敏感反应的准确性进行了评估,注意到即时和延迟反应。对19例患者进行了单盲试验,这些患者对排除法和反复的开放性食物挑战有稳定的反应模式。对患者过敏的食物进行了测试,同时对患者显示不敏感的食物(通过挑战)进行了测试。皮肤测试的反应与开放食物挑战的反应进行了比较,后者被认为是准确的。使用这些标准,点刺皮肤试验的准确性仅为28%,最好的两种提取物(牛奶和奶酪)分别获得7个正确结果和4个错误结果,6个正确结果和2个错误结果。准确度最低的提取物为猪肉和糖,正确2次,错误8次,正确1次,错误5次。作者认为,改进的刺皮试验不是一种有效的试验方法。
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引用次数: 3
Urinary Histidine Excretion in Patients with Classical Allergy (Type A Allergy), Food Intolerance (Type B Allergy), and Fungal‐type Dysbiosis 典型过敏(A型过敏)、食物不耐受(B型过敏)和真菌型生态失调患者尿组氨酸排泄
Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/13590840410001735018
K. Eaton, M. Howard, A. Hunnisett
Changes in histidine excretion reflect histidine conservation and thus the level of histamine secretion. Low levels were found in untreated patients with atopic (type A) allergy. However, levels in food intolerance (type B allergy) and fungal‐type dysbiosis were also low (p<0.001 for each group compared with nonallergic controls). There were no differences between the three groups. The biochemical and clinical significance of these findings is discussed.
组氨酸排泄的变化反映了组氨酸的保存,从而反映了组胺的分泌水平。在未接受治疗的特应性(A型)过敏患者中发现低水平。然而,食物不耐受(B型过敏)和真菌型生态失调的水平也很低(与非过敏对照组相比,每组p<0.001)。三组之间没有差异。讨论了这些发现的生化和临床意义。
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引用次数: 5
Dr K. K. Eaton, 1936–2002 伊顿博士,1936-2002
Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/13590840410001735063
D. Downing
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引用次数: 0
Single Dose Level Intradermal Skin Tests are not Diagnostic in Food Intolerance: A Double Blind Study 单剂量水平的皮内皮肤试验不能诊断食物不耐受:一项双盲研究
Pub Date : 2004-06-01 DOI: 10.1080/13590840410001734947
K. Eaton
A double blind study was performed on 13 patients with food intolerance, confirmed by elimination dieting and repeated challenge. Intradermal testing was performed at 1:500, using 10 commonly reacting foods and 10 which rarely gave reactions, a total of 260 tests. As compared with the results of challenge, intradermal skin tests were assessed as 57.5% accurate. The results are compared with other studies, and whilst single strength intradermal testing cannot be put forward as a valid test for food intolerance it is suggested that apparent “false positive” responses may be due to a mechanism akin to atopy in IgE allergy.
对13例食物不耐受患者进行了双盲研究,通过消除节食和反复挑战来证实。皮内试验按1:500进行,使用10种常见反应食物和10种很少发生反应的食物,共进行260次试验。与激射试验结果相比,皮内皮肤试验的评估准确率为57.5%。结果与其他研究进行了比较,虽然单强度皮内测试不能作为食物不耐受的有效测试,但有人认为明显的“假阳性”反应可能是由于类似于IgE过敏的特应性机制。
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引用次数: 0
Pollen Exposure as a Cause for the Deterioration of Neurobehavioral Function in Children with Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder: Nasal Pollen Challenge 花粉暴露是自闭症和注意缺陷多动障碍儿童神经行为功能恶化的原因:鼻腔花粉挑战
Pub Date : 2004-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/13590840410001695176
M. Boris, A. Goldblatt
Purpose: In a previous study it was established that children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) had regressed during pollen seasons. The purpose of this study was to determine if these children regressed on direct nasal pollen challenge.Design: A double‐blind crossover placebo‐controlled nasal challenge study.Materials and Methods: Twenty‐nine children with ASD and 18 with ADHD comprised the population. The study was a double‐blind crossover with nasal instillation of a pollen extract or placebo on alternate weeks during the winter. The pollens used were oak tree, timothy grass and ragweed. The dose insufflated into each nostril was 25 mg (±15%) of each pollen.Results: Sixteen of 29 (55%) children with ASD and 12 of 18 (67%) children with ADHD or a total of 28 of 47 (60%) children regressed significantly (p<0.01) from their baseline. Nasal pollen challenge produced significant neurobehavioral regression in these children. This regression occurred in b...
目的:在之前的一项研究中,发现患有注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)和自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)的儿童在花粉季节出现了退化。本研究的目的是确定这些儿童是否对直接鼻腔花粉挑战有所退行。设计:双盲交叉安慰剂对照鼻腔挑战研究。材料和方法:29名ASD患儿和18名ADHD患儿构成研究人群。该研究采用双盲交叉试验,在冬季每隔一周鼻腔注射花粉提取物或安慰剂。所用的花粉是橡树、提莫西草和豚草。每个鼻孔吸入花粉25 mg(±15%)。结果:29例ASD患儿中有16例(55%),18例ADHD患儿中有12例(67%),47例患儿中有28例(60%)较基线有显著性回归(p<0.01)。鼻花粉刺激在这些儿童中产生了显著的神经行为倒退。这种退化发生在……
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引用次数: 20
Restoration of Normal Insulinemia and Insulin Sensitivity in Hyperinsulinemic Normoglycemic Men by a Hypoenergetic High Monounsaturated Fat Diet 低能量高单不饱和脂肪饮食恢复高胰岛素血症和血糖正常者正常胰岛素血症和胰岛素敏感性
Pub Date : 2004-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/13590840410001695211
N. Hwalla, N. Torbay, N. Andari, N. Adra, S. Azar, Zuheir Habbal
Purpose: To test the hypothesis that the macronutrient composition of hypoenergetic diets is an important consideration in weight-reducing regimens of hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic obese subjects. Design: A 4-week randomized dietary intervention trial. Subjects and Methods: Sixteen male obese hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic subjects were recruited and 15 completed the study. The participants were divided into two groups and fed hypoenergetic diets providing 80% of their resting energy expenditure (REE). One group received a high carbohydrate diet (HC) (60% carbohydrate, 20% fat, 20% protein as a percentage of dietary energy) and the other group received a high monounsaturated fat diet (HM) (35% carbohydrate, 45% fat and 20% protein). Anthropometry, body composition, REE, serum glucose, insulin and lipid analyses were performed before and after the feeding period. Results: The subjects on the HC diet achieved comparable weight loss but without restoration of normoinsulinemia and insulin sensitivity. Fasting insulin levels, insulin to glucose ratio, and Homeostatic Model & Assessment Index decreased to normal ranges and were significantly lower in the HM group as compared with the HC group. Similarly, insulin sensitivity score (Mffm/I) increased significantly on the HM diet. Waist circumference measurements showed a significantly higher decrease on the HM than HC diet, whereas body weight, percentage body fat, glucose, plasma lipids, and REE decreased to the same extent whether subjects were fed the HC or HM diet. Conclusions: In this study, feeding a HM diet was more effective than a HC diet for restoring normoinsulinemia and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, hyperinsulinemic normoglycemic obese subjects may benefit from a diet lower in carbohydrates and higher in monounsaturated fats for decreasing cardiovascular disease risk factors while achieving the desired weight reduction.
目的:验证低能量饮食的宏量营养素组成是高胰岛素正常血糖肥胖患者减肥方案的重要考虑因素。设计:为期4周的随机饮食干预试验。对象和方法:招募16名男性肥胖、高胰岛素、血糖正常者,其中15人完成了研究。参与者被分为两组,喂食低能量饮食,提供80%的静息能量消耗(REE)。一组接受高碳水化合物饮食(HC)(60%碳水化合物,20%脂肪,20%蛋白质作为膳食能量的百分比),另一组接受高单不饱和脂肪饮食(HM)(35%碳水化合物,45%脂肪和20%蛋白质)。饲喂前后分别进行人体测量、体成分、REE、血清葡萄糖、胰岛素和脂质分析。结果:HC饮食的受试者取得了相当的体重减轻,但没有恢复正常胰岛素血症和胰岛素敏感性。空腹胰岛素水平、胰岛素葡萄糖比、稳态模型与评估指数均降至正常范围,且HM组明显低于HC组。同样,胰岛素敏感性评分(Mffm/I)在HM饮食组显著增加。腰围测量结果显示,高脂饮食比高脂饮食显著减少,而体重、体脂百分比、葡萄糖、血浆脂质和稀土元素的减少程度与高脂饮食和高脂饮食相同。结论:在本研究中,饲喂HM日粮比饲喂HC日粮更有效地恢复正常胰岛素血症和胰岛素敏感性。因此,高胰岛素、血糖正常的肥胖患者可能受益于低碳水化合物、高单不饱和脂肪的饮食,以减少心血管疾病的危险因素,同时达到预期的体重减轻。
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引用次数: 4
Nutritional Predictors and Modulators of Insulin Resistance 胰岛素抵抗的营养预测因子和调节因子
Pub Date : 2004-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/13590840410001695220
D. Pella, Ram B Singh, K. Otsuka, Chern‐An Chiang, S. Joshi
DANIEL PELLA MD, RAM B. SINGH MD, KUNIAKI OTSUKA MD, CHERN-AN CHIANG MD AND SHASHANK R. JOSHI MD 1st Internal Clinic Faculty of Medicine, PJ Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia, Medical Hospital and Research Centre, Moradabad, Subharti Medical College, Moradabad, India, Department of Neurocardiology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, Tokyo, Japan, Veterans Administration Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Department of Medicine, Grant Medical College & Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Lilavati Hospital, Mumbai, India
DANIEL PELLA医学博士,RAM B. SINGH医学博士,KUNIAKI OTSUKA医学博士,CHERN-AN CHIANG医学博士和SHASHANK R. JOSHI医学博士斯洛伐克科西切PJ Safarik大学第一内科医学院,印度莫拉达巴德Subharti医学院莫拉达巴德医院和研究中心,日本东京东京女子医科大学神经心脏病科,台湾台北退伍军人管理医院,Grant医学院医学部和Sir JJ集团医院,Lilavati医院,印度孟买
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引用次数: 12
Coenzyme Q10 and Adverse Effects of Statins 辅酶Q10和他汀类药物的不良反应
Pub Date : 2004-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/13590840410001695158
Chern‐An Chiang, D. Pella, Ram B. Singh
Background: Current evidence has established that statins are potent and effective agents with several pleiotropic effects in the treatment of coronary artery disease (CAD). Statins may have toxic effects, if given in higher doses and in combination. Design: Literature review. Methods: An Internet search and discussions with colleagues. Results: The 1990s have been called the ‘statin decennial’ and the Nobel laureates suggested ‘CAD: eliminated with statins’. Statins were also proclaimed as wonder drugs, influencing a wide range of physiological, biochemical and biological functions. The list appears to be long and includes hypolipidaemic, vasodilative, antithrombotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, anticoagulant, angiogenic and bone formation inducing functions. In January 2002, the television network CNN announced in a dispatch from London that deaths resulting from the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia with cerivastatin (Baycol) have now exceeded 100. Concerned Americans discussed this issue in May 2002, and published advice with the intention of summarizing for professionals current knowledge about statin use, focusing on myopathy. The criteria for the diagnosis of myopathy are not concerned with the symptoms of patients in the absence of raised muscle enzymes. Coenzyme Q10 is not considered in prophylaxis because one study showed no decrease in coenzyme Q10 in muscles in the presence of toxicity, although some studies indicated a reduction in serum levels. Conclusion: Several studies have reported a significant reduction in serum coenzyme Q10 in patients taking statins. Such concern was also expressed by the International College of Cardiology at their meeting in April 2002; it was proposed that coenzyme Q10 should be considered in the prevention as well as the treatment of statin intoxication.
背景:目前的证据表明,他汀类药物是治疗冠状动脉疾病(CAD)的有效药物,具有多种多效性。他汀类药物如果使用较大剂量或联合使用,可能会产生毒性作用。设计:文献回顾。方法:通过网络搜索和同事讨论。结果:20世纪90年代被称为“他汀十年”,诺贝尔奖获得者建议“用他汀类药物消除冠心病”。他汀类药物也被认为是神奇的药物,影响着广泛的生理、生化和生物功能。这个清单似乎很长,包括降血脂、血管扩张、抗血栓、抗氧化、抗炎、抗增殖、抗凝血、血管生成和骨形成诱导功能。2002年1月,美国有线电视新闻网(CNN)从伦敦发来消息称,使用伐他汀(Baycol)治疗高胆固醇血症导致的死亡人数已超过100人。关心此事的美国人在2002年5月讨论了这个问题,并发表了建议,旨在为专业人士总结有关他汀类药物使用的最新知识,重点是肌病。肌病的诊断标准与肌酶升高情况下患者的症状无关。辅酶Q10不被认为是预防措施,因为一项研究表明,在毒性存在时,肌肉中的辅酶Q10没有减少,尽管一些研究表明血清中辅酶Q10水平降低。结论:一些研究报道了服用他汀类药物的患者血清辅酶Q10的显著降低。国际心脏病学会在2002年4月的会议上也表达了这种关切;建议在预防和治疗他汀类药物中毒时应考虑辅酶Q10。
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引用次数: 8
Pollen Exposure as a Cause for the Deterioration of Neurobehavioral Function in Children with Autism and Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder 花粉暴露是自闭症和注意缺陷多动障碍儿童神经行为功能恶化的原因
Pub Date : 2004-03-01 DOI: 10.1080/13590840410001695167
M. Boris, A. Goldblatt
Purpose: To determine whether children with autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) or attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) exhibit neurobehavioral regressive changes during pollen seasons.Design: A behavioral questionnaire‐based survey, with results matched to pollen counts; an uncontrolled, open non‐intervention study.Materials and Methods: Twenty‐nine children identified with ASD and 18 children with ADHD comprised the study population. The parents of the study children completed the Allergic Symptom Screen for 2 weeks during the winter prior to the pollen allergy season under investigation. The parents of the ASD children also completed the Aberrant Behavior Checklist and the parents of the ADHD children completed Conners' Revised Parent Short Form for the same periods. The parents completed the respective forms weekly from 1 March to 31 October 2002. Pollen counts from the geographical area of study were recorded on a daily basis during this period.Results: During natural pollen exposure, 15 of 29...
目的:探讨自闭症谱系障碍(ASD)或注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)患儿在花粉季节是否表现出神经行为退行性变化。设计:基于行为问卷的调查,结果与花粉计数相匹配;一项非对照、开放的非干预研究。材料和方法:29名ASD患儿和18名ADHD患儿组成了研究人群。研究儿童的父母在花粉过敏季节调查前的冬季完成过敏症状筛查2周。ASD儿童的父母也在同一时期完成了异常行为检查表,ADHD儿童的父母完成了康纳斯的修订家长简短表格。家长于2002年3月1日至10月31日期间每周填写有关表格。在此期间,每天记录研究地理区域的花粉计数。结果:在自然花粉暴露条件下,29例中有15例…
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引用次数: 3
Mite and Insect Allergens 螨虫和昆虫过敏原
Pub Date : 2004-01-01 DOI: 10.1080/13590840410001734992
K. K. E. L. Lrfps
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of nutritional & environmental medicine
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