Jingdong Zhang, Hua Zheng, T. Zhu, Guolu Yin, Min Liu, Dingrong Qu, Feng Qiu, Xianbing Huang
A long range phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (phi-OTDR) with a multi-frequency non-linear frequency modulation (NLFM) optical pulse is proposed in this Letter. To boost the pulse energy while suppressing the optical nonlinear effects, the distortion of the amplified pulse is rectified, and a three-tone pulse is used. Combining with the NLFM technic which provides 42.7 dB side lobe suppression ration (SLSR), these two approaches guarantee that a sensing distance of 80 km is achieved in the experiment with 2.5 m spatial resolution, 49.6 dB dynamic range, and 45 dB phase signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a phase-demodulated phi-OTDR over such a long sensing range has been reported with un-pumped sensing fiber.
{"title":"Long range fading free phase-sensitive reflectometry based on multi-frequency NLFM pulse","authors":"Jingdong Zhang, Hua Zheng, T. Zhu, Guolu Yin, Min Liu, Dingrong Qu, Feng Qiu, Xianbing Huang","doi":"10.1364/OFS.2018.TUC3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/OFS.2018.TUC3","url":null,"abstract":"A long range phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (phi-OTDR) with a multi-frequency non-linear frequency modulation (NLFM) optical pulse is proposed in this Letter. To boost the pulse energy while suppressing the optical nonlinear effects, the distortion of the amplified pulse is rectified, and a three-tone pulse is used. Combining with the NLFM technic which provides 42.7 dB side lobe suppression ration (SLSR), these two approaches guarantee that a sensing distance of 80 km is achieved in the experiment with 2.5 m spatial resolution, 49.6 dB dynamic range, and 45 dB phase signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a phase-demodulated phi-OTDR over such a long sensing range has been reported with un-pumped sensing fiber.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82293356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-20DOI: 10.1393/ncc/i2018-18078-7
L. Lavezzi, M. Alexeev, A. Amoroso, R. Ferroli, M. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, A. Calcaterra, N. Canale, M. Capodiferro, V. Carassiti, S. Cerioni, J. Chai, S. Chiozzi, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, A. C. Ramusino, F. Mori, M. Destefanis, J. Dong, F. Evangelisti, R. Farinelli, L. Fava, G. Felici, E. Fioravanti, I. Garzia, M. Gatta, M. Greco, C. Leng, H. Li, M. Maggiora, R. Malaguti, S. Marcello, M. Melchiorri, G. Mezzadri, M. Mignone, G. Morello, S. Pacetti, P. Patteri, J. Pellegrino, A. Pelosi, A. Rivetti, M. Rolo, M. Savrié, M. Scodeggio, E. Soldani, S. Sosio, S. Spataro, E. Tskhadadze, S. Verma, R. Wheadon, L. Yan
A cylindrical GEM tracker is under construction in order to replace and improve the inner tracking system of the BESIII experiment. Tests with planar chamber prototypes were carried out on the H4 beam line of SPS (CERN) with muons of 150 GeV/c momentum, to evaluate the efficiency and resolution under different working conditions. The obtained efficiency was in the 96 - 98% range. Two complementary algorithms for the position determination were developed: the charge centroid and the micro-TPC methods. With the former, resolutions <100 micron and <200 micron were achieved without and with magnetic field, respectively. The micro-TPC improved these results. By the end of 2016, the first cylindrical prototype was tested on the same beam line. It showed optimal stability under different settings. The comparison of its performance with respect to the planar chambers is ongoing. Here, the results of the planar prototype tests will be addressed.
{"title":"Test beam results with prototypes for the new Cylindrical GEM Inner Tracker of the BESIII experiment","authors":"L. Lavezzi, M. Alexeev, A. Amoroso, R. Ferroli, M. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, A. Calcaterra, N. Canale, M. Capodiferro, V. Carassiti, S. Cerioni, J. Chai, S. Chiozzi, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, A. C. Ramusino, F. Mori, M. Destefanis, J. Dong, F. Evangelisti, R. Farinelli, L. Fava, G. Felici, E. Fioravanti, I. Garzia, M. Gatta, M. Greco, C. Leng, H. Li, M. Maggiora, R. Malaguti, S. Marcello, M. Melchiorri, G. Mezzadri, M. Mignone, G. Morello, S. Pacetti, P. Patteri, J. Pellegrino, A. Pelosi, A. Rivetti, M. Rolo, M. Savrié, M. Scodeggio, E. Soldani, S. Sosio, S. Spataro, E. Tskhadadze, S. Verma, R. Wheadon, L. Yan","doi":"10.1393/ncc/i2018-18078-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1393/ncc/i2018-18078-7","url":null,"abstract":"A cylindrical GEM tracker is under construction in order to replace and improve the inner tracking system of the BESIII experiment. Tests with planar chamber prototypes were carried out on the H4 beam line of SPS (CERN) with muons of 150 GeV/c momentum, to evaluate the efficiency and resolution under different working conditions. The obtained efficiency was in the 96 - 98% range. Two complementary algorithms for the position determination were developed: the charge centroid and the micro-TPC methods. With the former, resolutions <100 micron and <200 micron were achieved without and with magnetic field, respectively. The micro-TPC improved these results. By the end of 2016, the first cylindrical prototype was tested on the same beam line. It showed optimal stability under different settings. The comparison of its performance with respect to the planar chambers is ongoing. Here, the results of the planar prototype tests will be addressed.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89466419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-03-20DOI: 10.1142/S2010194518600777
L. Lavezzi, M. Alexeev, A. Amoroso, R. Ferroli, M. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, A. Calcaterra, N. Canale, M. Capodiferro, V. Carassiti, S. Cerioni, J. Chai, S. Chiozzi, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, A. C. Ramusino, F. Mori, M. Destefanis, J. Dong, F. Evangelisti, R. Farinelli, L. Fava, G. Felici, E. Fioravanti, I. Garzia, M. Gatta, M. Greco, C. Leng, H. Li, M. Maggiora, R. Malaguti, S. Marcello, M. Melchiorri, G. Mezzadri, M. Mignone, G. Morello, S. Pacetti, P. Patteri, J. Pellegrino, A. Pelosi, A. Rivetti, M. Rolo, M. Savrié, M. Scodeggio, E. Soldani, S. Sosio, S. Spataro, E. Tskhadadze, S. Verma, R. Wheadon, L. Yan
The Cylindrical GEM-Inner Tracker (CGEM-IT) is the upgrade of the internal tracking system of the BESIII experiment. It consists of three layers of cylindrically-shaped triple GEMs, with important ...
{"title":"The New Cylindrical GEM Inner Tracker of BESIII","authors":"L. Lavezzi, M. Alexeev, A. Amoroso, R. Ferroli, M. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, A. Calcaterra, N. Canale, M. Capodiferro, V. Carassiti, S. Cerioni, J. Chai, S. Chiozzi, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, A. C. Ramusino, F. Mori, M. Destefanis, J. Dong, F. Evangelisti, R. Farinelli, L. Fava, G. Felici, E. Fioravanti, I. Garzia, M. Gatta, M. Greco, C. Leng, H. Li, M. Maggiora, R. Malaguti, S. Marcello, M. Melchiorri, G. Mezzadri, M. Mignone, G. Morello, S. Pacetti, P. Patteri, J. Pellegrino, A. Pelosi, A. Rivetti, M. Rolo, M. Savrié, M. Scodeggio, E. Soldani, S. Sosio, S. Spataro, E. Tskhadadze, S. Verma, R. Wheadon, L. Yan","doi":"10.1142/S2010194518600777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010194518600777","url":null,"abstract":"The Cylindrical GEM-Inner Tracker (CGEM-IT) is the upgrade of the internal tracking system of the BESIII experiment. It consists of three layers of cylindrically-shaped triple GEMs, with important ...","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"41 1","pages":"1860077"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74614455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The T2K neutrino oscillation experiment established the $nu_mu rightarrow nu_e$ appearance with only $10%$ of the original beam request of $7.8times10^{21}$ $30$ GeV protons on target (POT). In view of the J-PARC program of upgrades of the beam intensity, the T2K-II proposal for $20times10^{21}$ POT aimed at establishing CP violation at $3sigma$ level for a significant fraction of the possible $delta_{CP}$ values. The Hyper-K proposal consists of a further increase by a factor $10$ of the far detector mass. Facing the potential increase of statistics by two orders of magnitude, it is of great importance to undertake a vigorous program of near detector upgrade, with the aim of reducing the overall statistical and systematic uncertainties at the appropriate level of better than $4%$. The design and performance of the proposed upgraded near-detector will be reported in these proceedings.
{"title":"Upgrade of the T2K near detector ND280: effect on oscillation and cross-section analysis","authors":"M. Lamoureux, F. C. Collaboration","doi":"10.22323/1.295.0056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.295.0056","url":null,"abstract":"The T2K neutrino oscillation experiment established the $nu_mu rightarrow nu_e$ appearance with only $10%$ of the original beam request of $7.8times10^{21}$ $30$ GeV protons on target (POT). In view of the J-PARC program of upgrades of the beam intensity, the T2K-II proposal for $20times10^{21}$ POT aimed at establishing CP violation at $3sigma$ level for a significant fraction of the possible $delta_{CP}$ values. The Hyper-K proposal consists of a further increase by a factor $10$ of the far detector mass. Facing the potential increase of statistics by two orders of magnitude, it is of great importance to undertake a vigorous program of near detector upgrade, with the aim of reducing the overall statistical and systematic uncertainties at the appropriate level of better than $4%$. The design and performance of the proposed upgraded near-detector will be reported in these proceedings.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83063918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper is the first report of n-type GaAs as a cryogenic scintillation radiation detector for the detection of electron recoils from interacting dark matter (DM) particles in the poorly explored MeV/c2 mass range. Seven GaAs samples from two commercial suppliers and with different silicon and boron concentrations were studied for their low temperature optical and scintillation properties. All samples are n-type even at low temperatures and exhibit emission between silicon donors and boron acceptors that peaks at 1.33 eV (930 nm). The lowest excitation band peaks at 1.44 eV (860 nm) and the overlap between the emission and excitation bands is small. The X-ray excited luminosities range from 7 to 43 photons/keV. Thermally stimulated luminescence measurements show that n-type GaAs does not accumulate metastable radiative states that could cause afterglow. Further development and use with cryogenic photodetectors promises a remarkable combination of large target size, ultra-low backgrounds, and a sensitivity to electron recoils of a few eV that would be produced by DM particles as light as a few MeV/c2.
本文首次报道了n型GaAs作为低温闪烁辐射探测器，用于探测MeV/c2质量范围内相互作用的暗物质(DM)粒子的电子反冲。研究了来自两家商业供应商的7个不同硅硼浓度的砷化镓样品的低温光学和闪烁特性。即使在低温下，所有样品都是n型的，并且硅供体和硼受体之间的发射峰在1.33 eV (930 nm)处。激发带最低峰在1.44 eV (860 nm)处，发射带和激发带重叠较小。x射线激发的光度范围为7至43光子/keV。热激发发光测量表明，n型砷化镓不会积累引起余辉的亚稳态辐射态。低温光电探测器的进一步发展和使用有望实现大目标尺寸、超低背景和对几eV的电子反冲的灵敏度的显著结合，而DM粒子的重量只有几MeV/c2。
{"title":"Cryogenic Scintillation Properties of n-Type GaAs for the Direct Detection of MeV/c2 Dark Matter","authors":"S. Derenzo, E. Bourret, S. Hanrahan, G. Bizarri","doi":"10.1063/1.5018343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5018343","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is the first report of n-type GaAs as a cryogenic scintillation radiation detector for the detection of electron recoils from interacting dark matter (DM) particles in the poorly explored MeV/c2 mass range. Seven GaAs samples from two commercial suppliers and with different silicon and boron concentrations were studied for their low temperature optical and scintillation properties. All samples are n-type even at low temperatures and exhibit emission between silicon donors and boron acceptors that peaks at 1.33 eV (930 nm). The lowest excitation band peaks at 1.44 eV (860 nm) and the overlap between the emission and excitation bands is small. The X-ray excited luminosities range from 7 to 43 photons/keV. Thermally stimulated luminescence measurements show that n-type GaAs does not accumulate metastable radiative states that could cause afterglow. Further development and use with cryogenic photodetectors promises a remarkable combination of large target size, ultra-low backgrounds, and a sensitivity to electron recoils of a few eV that would be produced by DM particles as light as a few MeV/c2.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73399041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The upcoming Mu3e experiment searches for the lepton flavour violating decay $mu^+,rightarrow,e^+ e^- e^+$ with the aim of a final sensitivity of one signal decay in $10^{16}$ observed muon decays, an improvement over the preceding SINDRUM experiment by four orders of magnitude. In the first phase, the experiment will be operated at an existing intense muon beam line at the Paul Scherrer Institute. With muon stopping rates of about $10^{8}text{s}^{-1}$, a single-event sensitivity of $2cdot 10^{-15}$ can be achieved. For the ultimate sensitivity, a new high intensity muon beam line is required. In order to suppress background, the tracking detector is designed to measure low momentum electron and positron tracks with excellent precision by making use of very thin silicon pixel sensors. In addition, scintillating fibres and tiles provide precise timing information. Currently, the collaboration is finalizing the detector design and preparing for construction and commissioning.
{"title":"Searching for Lepton Flavour Violation with the Mu3e Experiment","authors":"A. Perrevoort","doi":"10.22323/1.295.0105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22323/1.295.0105","url":null,"abstract":"The upcoming Mu3e experiment searches for the lepton flavour violating decay $mu^+,rightarrow,e^+ e^- e^+$ with the aim of a final sensitivity of one signal decay in $10^{16}$ observed muon decays, an improvement over the preceding SINDRUM experiment by four orders of magnitude. In the first phase, the experiment will be operated at an existing intense muon beam line at the Paul Scherrer Institute. With muon stopping rates of about $10^{8}text{s}^{-1}$, a single-event sensitivity of $2cdot 10^{-15}$ can be achieved. For the ultimate sensitivity, a new high intensity muon beam line is required. In order to suppress background, the tracking detector is designed to measure low momentum electron and positron tracks with excellent precision by making use of very thin silicon pixel sensors. In addition, scintillating fibres and tiles provide precise timing information. Currently, the collaboration is finalizing the detector design and preparing for construction and commissioning.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"30 1","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86327301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The biomedical community asked CERN to investigate the possibility to transform the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) accelerator into a multidisciplinary, biomedical research facility (BioLEIR) that could provide ample, high-quality beams of a range of light ions suitable for clinically oriented fundamental research on cell cultures and for radiation instrumentation development. BioLEIR would be operated when LEIR is not providing heavy ions for the CERN physics programme. The study group was mandated to write a Feasibility Study Report, using high-level engineering estimates based on previous experience, with the aim to: - collect the requirements for such a facility from the biomedical community in close collaboration with the International Strategy Committee for CERN Medical Applications; - determine a coherent set of beam parameters, based on the requirements; - explore whether the beam requirements can be met throughout the facility, from the source to the biomedical end-stations; - perform a feasibility study of the facility, taking into consideration the overall CERN schedules and programmes; - favour simplicity and robustness of the facility design, while minimizing the cost of maintenance and operation; - establish a high-level costing of material and personnel needed for project implementation; - describe the preferred installation scenario; - perform a high-level risk analysis for the project; - identify the areas of potential difficulty, and the required R&D should the study go ahead and become a project.
{"title":"Feasibility Study for BioLEIR","authors":"S. Ghithan, G. Roy, S. Schuh","doi":"10.23731/CYRM-2017-001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23731/CYRM-2017-001","url":null,"abstract":"The biomedical community asked CERN to investigate the possibility to transform the Low Energy Ion Ring (LEIR) accelerator into a multidisciplinary, biomedical research facility (BioLEIR) that could provide ample, high-quality beams of a range of light ions suitable for clinically oriented fundamental research on cell cultures and for radiation instrumentation development. BioLEIR would be operated when LEIR is not providing heavy ions for the CERN physics programme. The study group was mandated to write a Feasibility Study Report, using high-level engineering estimates based on previous experience, with the aim to: - collect the requirements for such a facility from the biomedical community in close collaboration with the International Strategy Committee for CERN Medical Applications; - determine a coherent set of beam parameters, based on the requirements; - explore whether the beam requirements can be met throughout the facility, from the source to the biomedical end-stations; - perform a feasibility study of the facility, taking into consideration the overall CERN schedules and programmes; - favour simplicity and robustness of the facility design, while minimizing the cost of maintenance and operation; - establish a high-level costing of material and personnel needed for project implementation; - describe the preferred installation scenario; - perform a high-level risk analysis for the project; - identify the areas of potential difficulty, and the required R&D should the study go ahead and become a project.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"383 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85489051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Atanov, V. Baranov, J. Budagov, S.Ceravolo, F. Cervelli, F. Colao, M. Cordelli, G. Corradi, E. Dané, Y. Davydov, S. Falco, S. Donati, E. Diociaiuti, R. Donghia, B. Echenard, K. Flood, S. Giovannella, V. Glagolev, F. Grancagnolo, F. Happacher, D. Hitlin, M. Martini, S. Miscetti, T. Miyashita, L. Morescalchi, P. Murat, D. Pasciuto, G. Pezzullo, F. Porter, T. Radicioni, F. Raffaelli, M. Ricci, A. Saputi, I. Sarra, F. Spinella, D. Tagnani, G. Tassielli, V. Tereshchenko, Z. Usubov, R. Y. Z. J. I. F. N. Research, Dubna, Russia Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell Infn, Frascati, Italy Rochester Institute of Technology, Pasadena, U. Pisa, Pisa, Italy Fermi National Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois., Usa Infn Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.
Since the first version of the Mu2e TDR released at the beginning of 2015, the Mu2e Calorimeter system has undergone a long list of changes to arrive to its final design. These changes were primarily caused by two reasons: (i) the technology choice between the TDR proposed solution of BaF2 crystals readout with solar blind Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs) and the backup option of CsI crystals readout with Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) has been completed and (ii) the channels numbering, the mechanical system and the readout electronics were substantially modified while proceeding with engineering towards the final project. This document updates the description of the calorimeter system adding the most recent engineering drawings and tecnical progresses.
{"title":"The Mu2e Calorimeter Final Technical Design Report","authors":"N. Atanov, V. Baranov, J. Budagov, S.Ceravolo, F. Cervelli, F. Colao, M. Cordelli, G. Corradi, E. Dané, Y. Davydov, S. Falco, S. Donati, E. Diociaiuti, R. Donghia, B. Echenard, K. Flood, S. Giovannella, V. Glagolev, F. Grancagnolo, F. Happacher, D. Hitlin, M. Martini, S. Miscetti, T. Miyashita, L. Morescalchi, P. Murat, D. Pasciuto, G. Pezzullo, F. Porter, T. Radicioni, F. Raffaelli, M. Ricci, A. Saputi, I. Sarra, F. Spinella, D. Tagnani, G. Tassielli, V. Tereshchenko, Z. Usubov, R. Y. Z. J. I. F. N. Research, Dubna, Russia Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati dell Infn, Frascati, Italy Rochester Institute of Technology, Pasadena, U. Pisa, Pisa, Italy Fermi National Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois., Usa Infn Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.","doi":"10.2172/1637644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1637644","url":null,"abstract":"Since the first version of the Mu2e TDR released at the beginning of 2015, the Mu2e Calorimeter system has undergone a long list of changes to arrive to its final design. These changes were primarily caused by two reasons: (i) the technology choice between the TDR proposed solution of BaF2 crystals readout with solar blind Avalanche Photodiodes (APDs) and the backup option of CsI crystals readout with Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPM) has been completed and (ii) the channels numbering, the mechanical system and the readout electronics were substantially modified while proceeding with engineering towards the final project. This document updates the description of the calorimeter system adding the most recent engineering drawings and tecnical progresses.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"222 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79919060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Henderson, H. Y. Lee, T. D. Macdonald, R. Nelson, A. Danagoulian
The smuggling of special nuclear materials (SNM) through international borders could enable nuclear terrorism and constitutes a significant threat to global security. This paper presents the experimental demonstration of a novel radiographic technique for inferring the density and type of material present in commercial cargo containers, as a means of detecting such threats. Unlike traditional techniques which use sources of bremsstrahlung photons with a continuous distribution of energies, this technique utilizes monoenergetic photons from nuclear reactions, specifically the 4.4 and 15.1 MeV photons from the $^{11}$B(d,n$gamma$)$^{12}$C reaction. By exploiting the $Z$-dependence of photon interaction cross sections at these two specific energies it is possible to simultaneously determine the areal density and the effective atomic number as a function of location for a 2D projection of the scanned object. The additional information gleaned from using and detecting photons of specific energies for radiography substantially increases resolving power between different materials. This paper presents results from the imaging of mock cargo materials ranging from $Zapprox5text{-}92$, demonstrating accurate reconstruction of the effective atomic number and areal density of the materials over the full range. In particular, the system is capable of distinguishing pure materials with $Zgtrsim70$, such as lead and uranium --- a critical requirement of a system designed to detect SNM. This methodology could be used to distinguish most benign materials from SNM, such as uranium and plutonium, reducing false positives to an acceptable rate.
{"title":"Experimental Demonstration of Multiple Monoenergetic Gamma Radiography for Effective Atomic Number Identification in Cargo Inspection","authors":"B. Henderson, H. Y. Lee, T. D. Macdonald, R. Nelson, A. Danagoulian","doi":"10.1063/1.5025805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5025805","url":null,"abstract":"The smuggling of special nuclear materials (SNM) through international borders could enable nuclear terrorism and constitutes a significant threat to global security. This paper presents the experimental demonstration of a novel radiographic technique for inferring the density and type of material present in commercial cargo containers, as a means of detecting such threats. Unlike traditional techniques which use sources of bremsstrahlung photons with a continuous distribution of energies, this technique utilizes monoenergetic photons from nuclear reactions, specifically the 4.4 and 15.1 MeV photons from the $^{11}$B(d,n$gamma$)$^{12}$C reaction. By exploiting the $Z$-dependence of photon interaction cross sections at these two specific energies it is possible to simultaneously determine the areal density and the effective atomic number as a function of location for a 2D projection of the scanned object. The additional information gleaned from using and detecting photons of specific energies for radiography substantially increases resolving power between different materials. This paper presents results from the imaging of mock cargo materials ranging from $Zapprox5text{-}92$, demonstrating accurate reconstruction of the effective atomic number and areal density of the materials over the full range. In particular, the system is capable of distinguishing pure materials with $Zgtrsim70$, such as lead and uranium --- a critical requirement of a system designed to detect SNM. This methodology could be used to distinguish most benign materials from SNM, such as uranium and plutonium, reducing false positives to an acceptable rate.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"157 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84951349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Abusalma, D. Ambrose, A. Artikov, R. Bernstein, G. Blazey, C. Bloise, S. Boi, T. Bolton, J. Bono, R. Bonventre, D. Bowring, D. Brown, K. Byrum, M. Campbell, J. Caron, F. Cervelli, D. Chokheli, K. Ciampa, R. Ciolini, R. Coleman, D. Cronin-Hennessy, R. Culbertson, M. Cummings, A. Daniel, Y. Davydov, S. Demers, D. Denisov, S. Denisov, S. Falco, E. Diociaiuti, R. Djilkibaev, S. Donati, R. Donghia, G. Drake, E. Dukes, B. Echenard, A. Edmonds, R. Ehrlich, V. Evdokimov, P. Fabbricatore, A. Ferrari, M. Frank, A. Gaponenko, C. Gatto, Z. Giorgio, S. Giovannella, V. Giusti, H. Glass, D. Glenzinski, L. Goodenough, C. Group, F. Happacher, L. Harkness-Brennan, D. Hedin, K. Heller, D. Hitlin, A. Hocker, R. Hooper, G. Horton-Smith, C. Hu, P. Q. Hung, E. Hungerford, M. Jenkins, M. Jones, M. Kargiantoulakis, K. Khaw, B. Kiburg, Y. Kolomensky, J. Kozminski, R. Kutschke, M. Lancaster, D. Lin, I. Logashenko, V. Lombardo, A. Luca, G. Lukicov, K. Lynch, M. Martini, A. Mazzacane, J. Miller, S. Miscetti, L. Morescalchi, J. Mot
We propose an evolution of the Mu2e experiment, called Mu2e-II, that would leverage advances in detector technology and utilize the increased proton intensity provided by the Fermilab PIP-II upgrade to improve the sensitivity for neutrinoless muon-to-electron conversion by one order of magnitude beyond the Mu2e experiment, providing the deepest probe of charged lepton flavor violation in the foreseeable future. Mu2e-II will use as much of the Mu2e infrastructure as possible, providing, where required, improvements to the Mu2e apparatus to accommodate the increased beam intensity and cope with the accompanying increase in backgrounds.
{"title":"Expression of interest for evolution of the Mu2e experiment","authors":"F. Abusalma, D. Ambrose, A. Artikov, R. Bernstein, G. Blazey, C. Bloise, S. Boi, T. Bolton, J. Bono, R. Bonventre, D. Bowring, D. Brown, K. Byrum, M. Campbell, J. Caron, F. Cervelli, D. Chokheli, K. Ciampa, R. Ciolini, R. Coleman, D. Cronin-Hennessy, R. Culbertson, M. Cummings, A. Daniel, Y. Davydov, S. Demers, D. Denisov, S. Denisov, S. Falco, E. Diociaiuti, R. Djilkibaev, S. Donati, R. Donghia, G. Drake, E. Dukes, B. Echenard, A. Edmonds, R. Ehrlich, V. Evdokimov, P. Fabbricatore, A. Ferrari, M. Frank, A. Gaponenko, C. Gatto, Z. Giorgio, S. Giovannella, V. Giusti, H. Glass, D. Glenzinski, L. Goodenough, C. Group, F. Happacher, L. Harkness-Brennan, D. Hedin, K. Heller, D. Hitlin, A. Hocker, R. Hooper, G. Horton-Smith, C. Hu, P. Q. Hung, E. Hungerford, M. Jenkins, M. Jones, M. Kargiantoulakis, K. Khaw, B. Kiburg, Y. Kolomensky, J. Kozminski, R. Kutschke, M. Lancaster, D. Lin, I. Logashenko, V. Lombardo, A. Luca, G. Lukicov, K. Lynch, M. Martini, A. Mazzacane, J. Miller, S. Miscetti, L. Morescalchi, J. Mot","doi":"10.2172/1462226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2172/1462226","url":null,"abstract":"We propose an evolution of the Mu2e experiment, called Mu2e-II, that would leverage advances in detector technology and utilize the increased proton intensity provided by the Fermilab PIP-II upgrade to improve the sensitivity for neutrinoless muon-to-electron conversion by one order of magnitude beyond the Mu2e experiment, providing the deepest probe of charged lepton flavor violation in the foreseeable future. Mu2e-II will use as much of the Mu2e infrastructure as possible, providing, where required, improvements to the Mu2e apparatus to accommodate the increased beam intensity and cope with the accompanying increase in backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":8827,"journal":{"name":"arXiv: Instrumentation and Detectors","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91323885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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