Horizonte de enfermeria最新文献

The prevalence of HIV in Chile predominately affects the male population with the primary mode of transmission (99%) through sexual contact. In order to engage in safe sexual practices, men must have high sexual self-efficacy and perceived risk of infection, however, little research examines these variables with respect to HIV prevention. The purpose of this article is to review existing literature on self-efficacy and its connection with perceived HIV risk among Hispanic men, in order to direct future HIV prevention interventions among Chilean men. A literature search was conducted to identify studies for this review using three databases. A combination of keywords was used to conduct the search and a total of 34 articles were analyzed. All of the articles reviewed examined the Hispanic male population with respect to either self-efficacy or perceived risk, or a combination of the two. Major themes emerging from the review include: substance use, condom use, cultural norms, relationship communication, negotiation, and homonegativity. The existing studies provide evidence for preventing future HIV infection among low socioeconomic status Chilean males and begin to establish a positive relationship between self-efficacy and perceived HIV risk. While additional studies are needed to provide further support, self-efficacy and perceived risk should be integral aspects of future prevention interventions.

Background: Men who have sex with men (MSM) experience a number of health disparities including high rates of HIV from high risk sex. High rates of HIV infection are related to high risk sexual behaviors and multiple sexual partners. High rates of HIV infection in this population also may be related to high risk sexual behaviors that occur within the context of primary relationships. However, relatively little is know about about relationships among Hispanic MSM. In addition, little is known about the factors that contribute to risk within these primary relationships.

Aims: The purpose of this study is to use qualitative methods to explore the factors responsible for high risk sexual behavior within primary relationships among Hispanic MSM.

Methods: Twenty Hispanic MSM were recruited from various community sites in South Florida to participate in auditotaped focus groups. Data from the focus groups were transcribed and analyzed using content analysis. Data were collected until saturation was achieved.

Results: Participants identified a number of topics that contribute to risk: drugs/alcohol as risk, outside sex as risk, concealment of HIV infection, violence as risk, consensual and non-consensual sexual violence, and absent family support. Participants also described the relationship of sexual risk, substance abuse, and violence in the context of Hispanic MSM relationships.

Conclusions: The results of the study provided some important clinical implications for clinicians providing care to Hispanic MSM. From the results of this study, directions for future research focused on the relationships of Hispanic MSM are evident.

Research on intimate partner violence indicates that Hispanic women are disproportionately affected by the occurrence and consequences of this public health problem. The objective of this article is to review the state of the art regarding the epidemiology, consequences and risk factors for IPV among Hispanic women, as well as discuss the implications these have for research and practice. Research has demonstrated a strong association between socioeconomic factors, drug and alcohol abuse, mental health, acculturation, immigration, risky sexual behaviors, history of abuse and IPV among community samples of Hispanics. As research elucidates the etiology of IPV among Hispanic women, nurses and other health professionals should develop, implement and evaluate culturally appropriate strategies for the primary and secondary prevention of IPV.

Introduction: Hispanic women aged 50 and over (OHW) are a minority in the U.S. at high risk of acquiring HIV and the least studied group of population in relation to health, social characteristics and sexual behavior.

Objective: To investigate the factors that increase HIV risk among OHW with the purpose of developing or adapting an intervention appropriate for their "age and culture".

Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study with a sample of 50 OHW, sexually active and who residing in Miami, Florida, U.S. A structured questionnaire was administered by trained bilingual interviewers (English/Spanish). Participants were recruited from different locations in South Florida. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including central tendency and dispersion measures.

Results: OHW's mean age was 55.7 ± 6 years old (range 50-76 years old). All the OHW were in the menopause.

Hiv prevention: OHW reported average levels of HIV knowledge and partner communication. In the sample OHW reported depression symptoms, intimate partner violence, negative attitudes towards people living with HIV and low perceived risk of acquiring HIV. OHW mentioned learning needs in topics related to HIV prevention and age changes.

Conclusion: OHW are at risk of acquiring HIV and they have special needs in terms of HIV prevention.

Worldwide, the number of children 15 years and under living with HIV has increased from 1.6 million in 2001 to 2 million in 2007. The care of these children is demanding. The challenges related to this care are even more when it is delivered in homes where not the workers have training in the area. The was conducted to understand the level of knowledge and self-efficacy related to HIV communication among the workers in a home for children and families living with HIV. A cross sectional, descriptive study was conducted. The average age of participants was 39.37(±11.97) years, close to 50% had low levels of general HIV knowledge and HIV prevention knowledge. In relation to self-efficacy, the majority (61.9%) did not feel confident speaking about this topic with the children. These results demonstrate the need for training for people working with children who live with HIV, both in terms of content and communication abilities and the need to generate a continuous training program that assures the delivery of quality care.