Tofu wastewater (TW) and cassava starch wastewater (CSW) are abundant in Indonesia. Nowadays, these wastewaters are not managed well. They are suitable to be mixed and then used as a biogas feedstock because the TW contains a low chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen (COD:N) ratio, and the CSW contains a high COD:N. This research aimed to inspect the influence of TW:CSW ratio on biogas yield. The TW and CSW were mixed at ratios of 100:0 to 0:100 v/v. The results revealed that the TW:CSW = 50:50 v/v, with a COD:N of 61.1, generated the highest biogas yield of 103.8 mL-biogas/g-CODsubstrate. It was 1.2- to 2.0-fold higher than the mono-digestion of these wastewaters. The TW:CSW = 50:50 v/v had the highest co-digestion performance index (CPI), namely 1.5 and 2.3 for biogas and methane production. The biggest COD removal efficiency (41.2%) was obtained at TW:CSW = 50:50 v/v. Hence, the best TW:CSW ratio was 50:50 v/v.
{"title":"Enhancement of biogas production through anaerobic co-digestion of tofu wastewater and cassava starch wastewater in Indonesia","authors":"Iqbal Syaichurrozi , Endang Suhendi , Indar Kustiningsih , Syahira Nurulshani , Aisyah Ardian Pramudita , Nono Darsono , Deni Shidqi Khaerudini","doi":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102557","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102557","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tofu wastewater (TW) and cassava starch wastewater (CSW) are abundant in Indonesia. Nowadays, these wastewaters are not managed well. They are suitable to be mixed and then used as a biogas feedstock because the TW contains a low chemical oxygen demand to nitrogen (COD:N) ratio, and the CSW contains a high COD:N. This research aimed to inspect the influence of TW:CSW ratio on biogas yield. The TW and CSW were mixed at ratios of 100:0 to 0:100 <em>v</em>/v. The results revealed that the TW:CSW = 50:50 v/v, with a COD:N of 61.1, generated the highest biogas yield of 103.8 mL-biogas/g-COD<sub>substrate</sub>. It was 1.2- to 2.0-fold higher than the mono-digestion of these wastewaters. The TW:CSW = 50:50 <em>v</em>/v had the highest co-digestion performance index (CPI), namely 1.5 and 2.3 for biogas and methane production. The biggest COD removal efficiency (41.2%) was obtained at TW:CSW = 50:50 <em>v</em>/v. Hence, the best TW:CSW ratio was 50:50 v/v.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8947,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 102557"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102592
Jara Saluena Martin , Han A.B. Wösten, Jordi F. Pelkmans
Grain spawn is widely used for commercial production of mushrooms and mycelium bound composites (MBCs). However, the use of grain competes with the food and feed supply. Therefore, this study assessed the use of reclaimed cellulose (RC) to produce a blended or unblended solid or liquid spawn of Ganoderma resinaceum. Rapeseed straw was inoculated with these spawns or, as a control, millet grain (MG) spawn. Substrate colonization was quantified through gray value changes and modeled with the Gompertz equation. Data show that solid RC spawn performs best taking into account the rate and degree of colonization and the thermal performance, the Young's modulus, and the life cycle analysis of the resulting MBCs.
{"title":"Reclaimed cellulose as alternative spawn for the production of mycelium insulating materials","authors":"Jara Saluena Martin , Han A.B. Wösten, Jordi F. Pelkmans","doi":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102592","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102592","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grain spawn is widely used for commercial production of mushrooms and mycelium bound composites (MBCs). However, the use of grain competes with the food and feed supply. Therefore, this study assessed the use of reclaimed cellulose (RC) to produce a blended or unblended solid or liquid spawn of <em>Ganoderma resinaceum.</em> Rapeseed straw was inoculated with these spawns or, as a control, millet grain (MG) spawn. Substrate colonization was quantified through gray value changes and modeled with the Gompertz equation. Data show that solid RC spawn performs best taking into account the rate and degree of colonization and the thermal performance, the Young's modulus, and the life cycle analysis of the resulting MBCs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8947,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 102592"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146073570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-01DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102582
Subhashree Mohapatra , Dibya Jyoti Behera , Sushreeta Naik , Arabinda Mahanty , Naveenkumar B. Patil , Nusrat Iqbal , Amrish Agrawal , Shyamaranjan Das Mohapatra , Totan Adak
Essential oils (EOs) are widely recognised as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic fumigants. However, their bioactivity is often inconsistent due to chemical variability. Spatial variation in the composition of Callistemon citrinus EOs from six locations was investigated, and the relationship between the chemical composition and fumigation toxicity against three major stored-grain insect pests (Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus oryzae, and Rhyzopertha dominica) was evaluated. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that EOs from Bangalore (Karnataka), Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh), Chatha (Jammu and Kashmir) and Shillong (Meghalaya) clustered into a group dominated by eucalyptol, myrcene, and terpinene-4-ol, while EOs from Cuttack (Odisha) separated due to the presence of higher proportions of α-pinene and α-terpineol. Partial least squares (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) regression showed strong correlations between chemical fingerprints and bioactivity, with OPLS models being more predictive. Combined univariate and multivariate analysis identified α-phellandrene, ocimene and γ-terpinene as the key bioactive constituents against three insects. Fumigation bioassays confirmed the bioactivity of α-phellandrene, γ-terpinene and ocimene against three stored grain pests, with LD₅₀ values ranged from 6.9012.16, 6.51–11.33 and 7.02–12.39 μL L−1, respectively. Interactions of α-phellandrene with acetylcholinesterase active sites were demonstrated through molecular docking, supporting a neurotoxic mode of action. Overall, this study highlights that spatial variation in EO composition drives differential fumigation efficacy and identifies specific monoterpenes as promising eco-friendly candidates for the development of botanical fumigants.
{"title":"Spatial variation of chemical composition of Callistemon citrinus essential oils, and integrating multivariate analysis and molecular docking to identify bioactive compounds for fumigation efficacy against stored grain pests","authors":"Subhashree Mohapatra , Dibya Jyoti Behera , Sushreeta Naik , Arabinda Mahanty , Naveenkumar B. Patil , Nusrat Iqbal , Amrish Agrawal , Shyamaranjan Das Mohapatra , Totan Adak","doi":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102582","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102582","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Essential oils (EOs) are widely recognised as eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic fumigants. However, their bioactivity is often inconsistent due to chemical variability. Spatial variation in the composition of <em>Callistemon citrinus</em> EOs from six locations was investigated, and the relationship between the chemical composition and fumigation toxicity against three major stored-grain insect pests (<em>Tribolium castaneum</em>, <em>Sitophilus oryzae</em>, and <em>Rhyzopertha dominica</em>) was evaluated. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that EOs from Bangalore (Karnataka), Bhopal (Madhya Pradesh), Chatha (Jammu and Kashmir) and Shillong (Meghalaya) clustered into a group dominated by eucalyptol, myrcene, and terpinene-4-ol, while EOs from Cuttack (Odisha) separated due to the presence of higher proportions of α-pinene and α-terpineol. Partial least squares (PLS) and orthogonal PLS (OPLS) regression showed strong correlations between chemical fingerprints and bioactivity, with OPLS models being more predictive. Combined univariate and multivariate analysis identified α-phellandrene, ocimene and γ-terpinene as the key bioactive constituents against three insects. Fumigation bioassays confirmed the bioactivity of α-phellandrene, γ-terpinene and ocimene against three stored grain pests, with LD₅₀ values ranged from 6.9012.16, 6.51–11.33 and 7.02–12.39 μL L<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Interactions of α-phellandrene with acetylcholinesterase active sites were demonstrated through molecular docking, supporting a neurotoxic mode of action. Overall, this study highlights that spatial variation in EO composition drives differential fumigation efficacy and identifies specific monoterpenes as promising eco-friendly candidates for the development of botanical fumigants.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8947,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 102582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146074222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study presents the first application of a lab-scale Sponge-Membrane Bioreactor (Sponge-MBR) for treating wastewater containing 3,4-dichlorophenol (3,4-DCP). The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) were initially evaluated at three levels (5, 10, and 15 h) to identify an optimal operating condition based on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 3,4-DCP removal performance. Accordingly, an HRT of 15 h was selected and maintained for a subsequent 30 days operation to further assess system performance. At the optimal HRT, corresponding to an organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.84 ± 0.18 kg COD/(m3·day), the Sponge-MBR achieved stable removal rates of 356 ± 83 mg COD/(gMLSS·day) and 1.62 ± 0.38 mg 3,4-DCP/(gMLSS·day). Exposure to 3,4-DCP stimulated pronounced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production, with EPS concentrations consistently exceeding soluble microbial products, reflecting a microbial self-protection strategy under toxic stress. However, excessive accumulation of protein rich EPS substances within membrane associated biofilms led to intensified membrane fouling, as reflected by increased transmembrane pressure. Microbial analysis revealed clear differentiation in microbial community among bulk sludge, sponge sludge, and membrane biofilm. The recovery and predominance of Proteobacteria at longer HRTs were associated with stable removal of organic matter and chlorinated compounds. The findings suggest a potential benefit of Sponge-MBRs in reducing inhibitory effects of chlorinated organic pollutants, while indicating the co-occurrence of microbial protection and membrane fouling related to EPS substances.
{"title":"Integrated sponge-membrane bioreactor for removal of 3,4-dichlorophenol: Effects of hydraulic retention time on organic removal, biofouling and microbial adaptation","authors":"Phan Nhu Nguyet , Duong Hoang Yen , Thi-Kim-Ngan Nguyen , Ngo Thi Thuan , Ngo Hoang Long , Xuan-Thanh Bui , Thi-Kim-Quyen Vo , Thi-Yen-Phuong Nguyen , Masashi Hatamoto , Takahiro Watari , Takashi Yamaguchi","doi":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102584","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the first application of a lab-scale Sponge-Membrane Bioreactor (Sponge-MBR) for treating wastewater containing 3,4-dichlorophenol (3,4-DCP). The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) were initially evaluated at three levels (5, 10, and 15 h) to identify an optimal operating condition based on chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 3,4-DCP removal performance. Accordingly, an HRT of 15 h was selected and maintained for a subsequent 30 days operation to further assess system performance. At the optimal HRT, corresponding to an organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.84 ± 0.18 kg COD/(m<sup>3</sup>·day), the Sponge-MBR achieved stable removal rates of 356 ± 83 mg COD/(gMLSS·day) and 1.62 ± 0.38 mg 3,4-DCP/(gMLSS·day). Exposure to 3,4-DCP stimulated pronounced extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production, with EPS concentrations consistently exceeding soluble microbial products, reflecting a microbial self-protection strategy under toxic stress. However, excessive accumulation of protein rich EPS substances within membrane associated biofilms led to intensified membrane fouling, as reflected by increased transmembrane pressure. Microbial analysis revealed clear differentiation in microbial community among bulk sludge, sponge sludge, and membrane biofilm. The recovery and predominance of Proteobacteria at longer HRTs were associated with stable removal of organic matter and chlorinated compounds. The findings suggest a potential benefit of Sponge-MBRs in reducing inhibitory effects of chlorinated organic pollutants, while indicating the co-occurrence of microbial protection and membrane fouling related to EPS substances.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8947,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 102584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Conventional chitin extraction from shrimp shell waste relies on harsh chemical treatments, which raise concerns regarding environmental impact, safety, product quality, and sustainability. To overcome these limitations, this study developed a green biorefinery approach for the conversion of shrimp shell powder (SSP) into α-chitin and other valuable products. SSP was subjected to simultaneous demineralization (DM) and deproteinization (DP) through successive microbial fermentation. This process employed co-cultured lactic acid bacteria in combination with an acidic protease-producing fungus. Mature coconut water, a byproduct of the coconut milk industry, was used as a low-cost and renewable nutrient source. The scale-up process in a 5-L stirred-tank bioreactor achieved DM and DP of 91.9 ± 1.5% and DP of 89.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. An alkaline protease post-treatment further improved purification by increasing DP to above 97% and DM to above 94% while yielding α-chitin of 29.2 ± 0.6% of SSP. Structural characterization by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD demonstrated that the bio-extracted chitin exhibited higher crystallinity and acetylation than chemically extracted chitin. In addition to α-chitin, the integrated process enabled simultaneous recovery of bio-calcium, protein hydrolysate, pigments, and lactic acid. Overall, this study has demonstrated a sustainable and scalable alternative to conventional chemical extraction and highlighted the potential of the green biorefinery approach for shrimp shell waste valorization.
{"title":"Successive microbial fermentation and enzymatic post-treatment for efficient green biorefinery of shrimp shell waste into α-chitin, bio-calcium and carotenoprotein","authors":"Jariya Ruangwicha, Benjamas Cheirsilp, Wasana Suyotha","doi":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102573","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102573","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conventional chitin extraction from shrimp shell waste relies on harsh chemical treatments, which raise concerns regarding environmental impact, safety, product quality, and sustainability. To overcome these limitations, this study developed a green biorefinery approach for the conversion of shrimp shell powder (SSP) into α-chitin and other valuable products. SSP was subjected to simultaneous demineralization (DM) and deproteinization (DP) through successive microbial fermentation. This process employed co-cultured lactic acid bacteria in combination with an acidic protease-producing fungus. Mature coconut water, a byproduct of the coconut milk industry, was used as a low-cost and renewable nutrient source. The scale-up process in a 5-L stirred-tank bioreactor achieved DM and DP of 91.9 ± 1.5% and DP of 89.5 ± 1.7%, respectively. An alkaline protease post-treatment further improved purification by increasing DP to above 97% and DM to above 94% while yielding α-chitin of 29.2 ± 0.6% of SSP. Structural characterization by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD demonstrated that the bio-extracted chitin exhibited higher crystallinity and acetylation than chemically extracted chitin. In addition to α-chitin, the integrated process enabled simultaneous recovery of bio-calcium, protein hydrolysate, pigments, and lactic acid. Overall, this study has demonstrated a sustainable and scalable alternative to conventional chemical extraction and highlighted the potential of the green biorefinery approach for shrimp shell waste valorization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8947,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 102573"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bio-originated energy resources have the potential to meet global energy requirement to a great extent if it can be made economically viable as well as sustainable ways. In spite of the fact that these biofuels are very promising, an examination of their performance in the existing engines is highly desirable. The present research was executed to quantify the greenhouse gas (GHG) discharge as well as combustion patterns of a Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) engine operated with produced safflower biodiesel blends. Biodiesel blends of 10%, 20%, and 30% safflower biodiesel and petroleum based diesel were studied with varying engine loads up to 100%. It was found that the average brake power was 1.82%, 3.08%, and 4.91% for the Safflower Oil Biodiesel blends SOB10, SOB20, and SOB30, respectively. In all instances observed, there was a noticeable reduction in brake-specific fuel consumption as the load on the engine surged. This trend indicates that as the engine experiences higher loads, the fuel consumption required per unit of generated brake power diminishes. Such a reduction in Break Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) with a greater load is consistent across the tested conditions, suggesting improved fuel efficiency at higher operating loads. It was observed that the release of Carbon Monoxide (CO) as well as unburnt-hydrocarbons (HC) decreased with the escalation of safflower-oil-biodiesel in the blend of the same with petroleum-based diesel, whereas the Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), Exhaust Gas Temperature, and combustion characteristics of safflower biodiesel blends were close to each other and better than standard petroleum-based diesel.
{"title":"Emissions and performance analysis of a variable compression ratio engine fueled with safflower oil methyl ester-diesel blends","authors":"Rachan Karmakar , Nitin Kumar , Adhirath Mandal , Dowan Cha , Debasis Mitra , S.S. Ragit","doi":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102568","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102568","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bio-originated energy resources have the potential to meet global energy requirement to a great extent if it can be made economically viable as well as sustainable ways. In spite of the fact that these biofuels are very promising, an examination of their performance in the existing engines is highly desirable. The present research was executed to quantify the greenhouse gas (GHG) discharge as well as combustion patterns of a Variable Compression Ratio (VCR) engine operated with produced safflower biodiesel blends. Biodiesel blends of 10%, 20%, and 30% safflower biodiesel and petroleum based diesel were studied with varying engine loads up to 100%. It was found that the average brake power was 1.82%, 3.08%, and 4.91% for the Safflower Oil Biodiesel blends SOB10, SOB20, and SOB30, respectively. In all instances observed, there was a noticeable reduction in brake-specific fuel consumption as the load on the engine surged. This trend indicates that as the engine experiences higher loads, the fuel consumption required per unit of generated brake power diminishes. Such a reduction in Break Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) with a greater load is consistent across the tested conditions, suggesting improved fuel efficiency at higher operating loads. It was observed that the release of Carbon Monoxide (CO) as well as unburnt-hydrocarbons (HC) decreased with the escalation of safflower-oil-biodiesel in the blend of the same with petroleum-based diesel, whereas the Oxides of Nitrogen (NO<sub>x</sub>), Exhaust Gas Temperature, and combustion characteristics of safflower biodiesel blends were close to each other and better than standard petroleum-based diesel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8947,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 102568"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145973013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102572
Andressa Coimbra Pereira , Robson Matheus Marreiro Gomes , Juan Rafael Buitrago Ramírez , Alan Carvalho de Sousa Araujo , Cynthia Couto , Bruno Galler Kubelka , Fabiano Thompson , Cristiane Thompson , Daniela Fernandes Ramos , Fabio Roselet , José María Monserrat
The need for environmentally friendly methods for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis has prompted the exploration of microalgae as green alternatives. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized using dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected from a Nannochloropsis oceanica photobioreactor using a foam fractionator. DOM was employed as a reducing agent and synthesis stabilizer, and AgNPs generation was analyzed using UV–Vis absorbance spectra. Additionally, DOM was subjected to metagenomic analysis (identifying mostly Erythrobacter sp. and Oceanicaulis sp.), antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), and polyphenol content measurement. AgNPs were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) (27.55 nm), hydrodynamic diameter (263.87 nm), polydispersion index (0.178), and zeta potential (−20.41 mV) using a Litesizer instrument. Fourier-transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was employed to evaluate both AgNPs and DOM. Antimicrobial activity (9.99 μg/ml) of AgNPs was performed against Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus, and antibiofilm analysis (ranged between 33 and 37% of inhibition and 17–19% for destruction) against A. baumannii. These findings indicate that DOM collected via a foam fractionator from a N. oceanica photobioreactor can successfully synthesize AgNPs with microbiological applications.
{"title":"Recovery of dissolved organic matter using a foam fractionator from a microalgae photobioreactor for the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles","authors":"Andressa Coimbra Pereira , Robson Matheus Marreiro Gomes , Juan Rafael Buitrago Ramírez , Alan Carvalho de Sousa Araujo , Cynthia Couto , Bruno Galler Kubelka , Fabiano Thompson , Cristiane Thompson , Daniela Fernandes Ramos , Fabio Roselet , José María Monserrat","doi":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102572","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102572","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The need for environmentally friendly methods for silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesis has prompted the exploration of microalgae as green alternatives. In this study, AgNPs were synthesized using dissolved organic matter (DOM) collected from a <em>Nannochloropsis oceanica</em> photobioreactor using a foam fractionator. DOM was employed as a reducing agent and synthesis stabilizer, and AgNPs generation was analyzed using UV–Vis absorbance spectra. Additionally, DOM was subjected to metagenomic analysis (identifying mostly <em>Erythrobacter</em> sp. and <em>Oceanicaulis</em> sp.), antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS), and polyphenol content measurement. AgNPs were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) (27.55 nm), hydrodynamic diameter (263.87 nm), polydispersion index (0.178), and zeta potential (−20.41 mV) using a Litesizer instrument. Fourier-transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was employed to evaluate both AgNPs and DOM. Antimicrobial activity (9.99 μg/ml) of AgNPs was performed against <em>Acinetobacter baumannii</em>, <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa,</em> and <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and antibiofilm analysis (ranged between 33 and 37% of inhibition and 17–19% for destruction) against <em>A. baumannii</em>. These findings indicate that DOM collected via a foam fractionator from a <em>N. oceanica</em> photobioreactor can successfully synthesize AgNPs with microbiological applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8947,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 102572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102546
Henry Wasajja , Ralph E.F. Lindeboom , Henri Spanjers , P.V. Aravind , Jules.B. van Lier
Biogas, generated from small scale digesters, is a traditional energy source for satisfying the thermal energy demand in off-grid communities. Recent developments in small scale solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) technology and progress in research and development of dry reforming, opens perspectives to couple small scale SOFCs with already existing digesters to meet both thermal and electrical energy demand, enabling power access to off-grid communities.
However, one of the major challenges for SOFC integration to small scale digesters is the effect of biogas impurities, such as H2S, on the performance of SOFCs. Previous work has shown that local operational practices could influence the biogas quality and particularly the H2S content in the biogas. The here presented research expanded on the use of cow urine instead of water as solvent in manure digestion as a potential operational strategy that enables in-situ reduction of H2S in the evolving biogas. This research investigated the following hypotheses: 1) urine addition results in a high pH that favours HS− over H2S, 2) given the presence of metal elements in the cow urine, insoluble metal sulphides are being formed, reducing the biogas H2S content. The research was carried out by measuring cow urine composition of various samples, assessing the effects of different urine/water/manure mixtures on the evolving biogas-H2S concentration, and verifying the experimental findings with phreeqC equilibrium speciation. Bio-kinetic modelling, using the anaerobic digestion model nr 1 (ADM1), was subsequently performed to explore the influence of different feed compositions on the H2S content in the biogas.
It was observed that addition of cow urine in all experiments resulted in an elevated pH of the reactor compared to water dilution, yet both experiments I and II-2 showed an increased maximum H2S content when urine dilution was applied, compared to water dilution. Cow urine and cow dung characterisation in terms of metals and S, showed that experiment II-1 had the highest Fe:S ratio of 1:0.3–1:0.9. Equilibrium modelling confirmed that despite the positive urine-induced pH effect, the measured Fe:S ratios could indeed be decisive, as with an Fe;S ratio of 1:6 and 1:0.5, the H2S production at equilibrium was 61 and 10 mL/ kg of solution, respectively. Furthermore, it was predicted through bio-kinetic modelling that inconsistency in feedstock composition may result in temporary H2S peaks exceeding 400 ppm. Overall, results showed that if a cow urine/manure mixture is characterised by a total metal:S ratio exceeding 1:0.5 and total S content of less than 0.5 mM, then hydrolysed cow urine addition presents an interesting in-situ H2S cleaning strategy for biogas-SOFC applications.
{"title":"In-Situ H2S reduction in biogas fuel for solid oxide fuel cell applications by using cow urine","authors":"Henry Wasajja , Ralph E.F. Lindeboom , Henri Spanjers , P.V. Aravind , Jules.B. van Lier","doi":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102546","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102546","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biogas, generated from small scale digesters, is a traditional energy source for satisfying the thermal energy demand in off-grid communities. Recent developments in small scale solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) technology and progress in research and development of dry reforming, opens perspectives to couple small scale SOFCs with already existing digesters to meet both thermal and electrical energy demand, enabling power access to off-grid communities.</div><div>However, one of the major challenges for SOFC integration to small scale digesters is the effect of biogas impurities, such as H<sub>2</sub>S, on the performance of SOFCs. Previous work has shown that local operational practices could influence the biogas quality and particularly the H<sub>2</sub>S content in the biogas. The here presented research expanded on the use of cow urine instead of water as solvent in manure digestion as a potential operational strategy that enables in-situ reduction of H<sub>2</sub>S in the evolving biogas. This research investigated the following hypotheses: 1) urine addition results in a high pH that favours HS<sup>−</sup> over H<sub>2</sub>S, 2) given the presence of metal elements in the cow urine, insoluble metal sulphides are being formed, reducing the biogas H<sub>2</sub>S content. The research was carried out by measuring cow urine composition of various samples, assessing the effects of different urine/water/manure mixtures on the evolving biogas-H<sub>2</sub>S concentration, and verifying the experimental findings with phreeqC equilibrium speciation. Bio-kinetic modelling, using the anaerobic digestion model nr 1 (ADM1), was subsequently performed to explore the influence of different feed compositions on the H<sub>2</sub>S content in the biogas.</div><div>It was observed that addition of cow urine in all experiments resulted in an elevated pH of the reactor compared to water dilution, yet both experiments I and II-2 showed an increased maximum H<sub>2</sub>S content when urine dilution was applied, compared to water dilution. Cow urine and cow dung characterisation in terms of metals and S, showed that experiment II-1 had the highest Fe:S ratio of 1:0.3–1:0.9. Equilibrium modelling confirmed that despite the positive urine-induced pH effect, the measured Fe:S ratios could indeed be decisive, as with an Fe;S ratio of 1:6 and 1:0.5, the H<sub>2</sub>S production at equilibrium was 61 and 10 mL/ kg of solution, respectively. Furthermore, it was predicted through bio-kinetic modelling that inconsistency in feedstock composition may result in temporary H<sub>2</sub>S peaks exceeding 400 ppm. Overall, results showed that if a cow urine/manure mixture is characterised by a total metal:S ratio exceeding 1:0.5 and total S content of less than 0.5 mM, then hydrolysed cow urine addition presents an interesting in-situ H<sub>2</sub>S cleaning strategy for biogas-SOFC applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8947,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 102546"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-15DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102567
Anu Radha , Debraj Maji , Sonali Sharma , Varsha Sharma , Nagaraju Nekkala , Kanahiya Kumar , Vinod Kumar , Zabeer Ahmed
This study presents a significant approach to produce ectoine through dairy-waste whey, rich in lactose and amino acids, as a sustainable growth medium by a halophilic lactose-utilizing isolated wild type bacterial strain Halomonas smyrnensis IIIM VA-6 from Sambhar-lake. The aeration effect examined at different agitation speeds (100, 300, 500, and 700 rpm), in parallel bioreactor system through microbial fermentation. The agitation rate of 700 and 500 rpm significantly enhanced oxygen transfer, microbial growth as well as ectoine production of nearly 6.8 g/l and 4.3 g/l of fermentation broth respectively, through increased aerobic metabolic rate. However, this enhancement was supported by elevated CO₂ evolution, O₂ consumption, and respiratory quotient (RQ) values. Conversely, the low aeration observed at 300 and 100 rpm that led to complete depletion of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), lower biomass, and a low ectoine yield of 3.3 g/l and 0.18 g/l of fermentation broth respectively. While other parameters like temperature (30 °C), pH (5.0) and gas flow rate (0.1vvm) were kept constant. These findings highlight the important role of agitation speed in optimizing oxygen availability, microbial activity, and ectoine production from dairy-waste whey in this parallel bioreactor system.
{"title":"Efficient fermentation approach for ectoine production from dairy whey using potent isolate Halomonas smyrnensis IIIM VA-6 under low-salt conditions","authors":"Anu Radha , Debraj Maji , Sonali Sharma , Varsha Sharma , Nagaraju Nekkala , Kanahiya Kumar , Vinod Kumar , Zabeer Ahmed","doi":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102567","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102567","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents a significant approach to produce ectoine through dairy-waste whey, rich in lactose and amino acids, as a sustainable growth medium by a halophilic lactose-utilizing isolated wild type bacterial strain <em>Halomonas smyrnensis</em> IIIM VA-6 from Sambhar-lake. The aeration effect examined at different agitation speeds (100, 300, 500, and 700 rpm), in parallel bioreactor system through microbial fermentation. The agitation rate of 700 and 500 rpm significantly enhanced oxygen transfer, microbial growth as well as ectoine production of nearly 6.8 g/l and 4.3 g/l of fermentation broth respectively, through increased aerobic metabolic rate. However, this enhancement was supported by elevated CO₂ evolution, O₂ consumption, and respiratory quotient (RQ) values. Conversely, the low aeration observed at 300 and 100 rpm that led to complete depletion of Dissolved Oxygen (DO), lower biomass, and a low ectoine yield of 3.3 g/l and 0.18 g/l of fermentation broth respectively. While other parameters like temperature (30 °C), pH (5.0) and gas flow rate (0.1vvm) were kept constant. These findings highlight the important role of agitation speed in optimizing oxygen availability, microbial activity, and ectoine production from dairy-waste whey in this parallel bioreactor system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8947,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 102567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146034481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The textile industry is generating a large volume of dye-laden wastewater, among which, Naphthol Blue Black (NBB) is one of the most toxic and recalcitrant dyes. In this study, a two-stage nature-based system (NBS), comprising a Cynodon dactylon-based horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCW), followed by a Spirodela polyrhiza duckweed pond, was studied to achieve sustainable NBB dye removal from textile wastewater. The system was assessed using influent dye concentrations ranging from 25 to 200 mg/L, and treatment performance was evaluated in terms of dye, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and nutrient removal (NH₄+–N, NO₂−–N, NO₃−–N, and PO₄3−–P). The maximum removal efficiencies for dye and COD were 91.34% and 49.22%, respectively, at 25 mg/L influent concentration, decreasing to 53.59% and 25.13% at 200 mg/L, indicating reduced system tolerance at higher pollutant loading. Nutrient removal was substantial with NH₄+–N and PO₄3−–P reductions ranging from 65 to 94% and 65–74%, respectively. ANOVA results (p < 0.05) confirmed a statistically significant difference between the control and CW systems. The planted HFCW contributed predominantly to pollutant removal, while the duckweed pond provided a minor polishing effect. Overall, the proposed two-stage NBS offers a low-cost, sustainable, and decentralized solution for NBB-laden textile wastewaters.
{"title":"Development of a two-stage nature-based system for efficient Naphthol Blue Black dye removal","authors":"Monali Muduli , Rohan Vitthalbhai Bambhaniya , Niranjan Mishra , Sanak Ray","doi":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102566","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biteb.2026.102566","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The textile industry is generating a large volume of dye-laden wastewater, among which, Naphthol Blue Black (NBB) is one of the most toxic and recalcitrant dyes. In this study, a two-stage nature-based system (NBS), comprising a <em>Cynodon dactylon</em>-based horizontal flow constructed wetland (HFCW), followed by a <em>Spirodela polyrhiza</em> duckweed pond, was studied to achieve sustainable NBB dye removal from textile wastewater. The system was assessed using influent dye concentrations ranging from 25 to 200 mg/L, and treatment performance was evaluated in terms of dye, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and nutrient removal (NH₄<sup>+</sup>–N, NO₂<sup>−</sup>–N, NO₃<sup>−</sup>–N, and PO₄<sup>3−</sup>–P). The maximum removal efficiencies for dye and COD were 91.34% and 49.22%, respectively, at 25 mg/L influent concentration, decreasing to 53.59% and 25.13% at 200 mg/L, indicating reduced system tolerance at higher pollutant loading. Nutrient removal was substantial with NH₄<sup>+</sup>–N and PO₄<sup>3−</sup>–P reductions ranging from 65 to 94% and 65–74%, respectively. ANOVA results (<em>p</em> < 0.05) confirmed a statistically significant difference between the control and CW systems. The planted HFCW contributed predominantly to pollutant removal, while the duckweed pond provided a minor polishing effect. Overall, the proposed two-stage NBS offers a low-cost, sustainable, and decentralized solution for NBB-laden textile wastewaters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":8947,"journal":{"name":"Bioresource Technology Reports","volume":"33 ","pages":"Article 102566"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145972859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号