Bioresource Technology Reports最新文献_第7页

Optimizing extraction of collagen from hazardous leather shaving dusts by crude protease enzyme: Chrome recovery and reuse for leather rechroming 利用粗蛋白酶从有害皮革刮削粉尘中优化提取胶原蛋白：铬回收并重新用于皮革再染色

Q1 Environmental Science

Bioresource Technology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2024.101995

Fatema Tujjohra , Mohammed Mizanur Rahman

This study explores an eco-friendly method to achieve 99.98 % dechroming (reducing Cr from 7700 to 4.71 ppm) of Chrome-tanned leather shaving dust (CSD), through enzymatic hydrolysis using crude protease. The enzyme exhibited strong activity (>40 U mL⁻¹) across a temperature range of 50 °C to 65 °C and a pH range of 5 to 11. The pH of the mixture containing CSD, water, MgO, and enzyme was maintained at 8.9 during hydrolysis. The temperature, hydrolysis time, and enzyme concentration were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). Under optimal conditions of 17.57 % enzyme concentration, 62.01 °C, and a hydrolysis time of 7 h, the predicted collagen yield was 31.66 %. Laboratory experiments conducted with these predicted parameters resulted in a collagen recovery of 30.9 %, achieving an accuracy of 97.6 % compared to the predictions. In contrast, hydrolysis with MgO alone achieved only 87.01 % dechroming with about 2 % collagen yield, highlighting the enzyme's superior effectiveness. The enzymatic cleavage of peptide bonds in the leather matrix enhanced collagen solubilization. Characterization techniques, including FT-IR, NMR, XRD, DSC, and TGA, confirmed successful extraction and purity, with the collagen being rich in glycine and proline. Cytotoxicity results demonstrated its non-toxic nature, indicating potential applications in biomedical fields, tissue engineering, food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The recovered chromium sulfate was reused for rechroming goat wet blue leather, with chrome content in crust leather treated with recovered basic chromium sulfate (rBCS) and fresh basic chromium sulfate (BCS) being 3.23 % and 3.35 %, respectively, both meeting industry standards for goat crust leather.

Synopsis

An eco-friendly method for dechroming chrome-tanned leather shaving dust (CSD) and extracting collagen was established. The process achieved 99.98 % dechroming and 30.9 % collagen yield using crude protease enzyme. Characterization confirmed the collagen's purity, and recovered chromium sulfate was reused for rechroming goat leather, meeting industry standards.

本研究探索了一种生态友好型方法，通过使用粗蛋白酶进行酶水解，使铬鞣皮革刨屑（CSD）的脱铬率达到 99.98%（将铬从 7700 ppm 降至 4.71 ppm）。该酶在 50 °C 至 65 °C 的温度范围和 5 至 11 的 pH 值范围内表现出很强的活性（40 U mL-1）。在水解过程中，含有 CSD、水、氧化镁和酶的混合物的 pH 值保持在 8.9。采用响应面方法（RSM）对温度、水解时间和酶浓度进行了优化。在酶浓度为 17.57 %、温度为 62.01 °C、水解时间为 7 小时的最佳条件下，预测的胶原蛋白产量为 31.66 %。根据这些预测参数进行的实验室实验得出的胶原蛋白回收率为 30.9%，与预测值相比，准确率达到 97.6%。相比之下，仅使用氧化镁进行水解仅实现了 87.01% 的脱色，胶原蛋白产量约为 2%，这凸显了酶的卓越功效。酶裂解皮革基质中的肽键提高了胶原蛋白的溶解度。傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、核磁共振（NMR）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、数显显微镜（DSC）和热重分析（TGA）等表征技术证实了提取的成功和纯度，胶原蛋白富含甘氨酸和脯氨酸。细胞毒性结果表明胶原蛋白无毒，有望应用于生物医学领域、组织工程、食品、药品和化妆品。回收的硫酸铬被重新用于山羊蓝湿皮的再铬化，用回收的碱式硫酸铬（rBCS）和新鲜的碱式硫酸铬（BCS）处理的结皮中铬含量分别为 3.23 % 和 3.35 %，均达到了山羊结皮的行业标准。使用粗蛋白酶，该工艺的脱色率达到 99.98%，胶原蛋白产量达到 30.9%。表征证实了胶原蛋白的纯度，回收的硫酸铬被重新用于山羊皮的再铬化，符合行业标准。

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引用次数: 0

Advanced strategies for the innovative treatment of hospital liquid effluents: A comprehensive review 创新处理医院液体污水的先进战略：全面回顾

Q1 Environmental Science

Bioresource Technology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2024.101990

Ibtissam Bouabadi , Youssef Miyah , Mohammed Benjelloun , Mohamed El-habacha , Jamal El Addouli

Population growth and the development of the pharmaceutical industry, hospitals, clinics, research centers, and laboratories are increasing effluents, threatening human health and the environment. Hospital discharges can include biological, chemical, pharmaceutical, and wastewater wastes with high concentrations of chlorinated molecules, heavy metals, toxins, pathogens, and radioactive. This literature review addresses this major issue by identifying research gaps and developing recommendations, and future perspectives. To this end, the manuscript will discuss the main characteristics of hospital effluents, their impact on the health environment, and methods for their detection and treatment to provide a roadmap for health and environmental researchers and practitioners. Indeed, inadequate management can lead to soil, water, and air pollution, with serious consequences such as groundwater contamination and releasing toxic gases during incineration. As a result, the treatment of hospital discharges requires specific procedures, with traditional methods such as discharge into sewers and innovative methods such as coagulation-flocculation, biological membrane reactors, and advanced oxidation. Effective management involves rigorous evaluation of treatment methods, taking into account their effectiveness, cost, benefits, and social acceptability. Innovative practices, appropriate standards, and awareness-raising programs are crucial to protecting public health and the environment.

人口的增长和制药业、医院、诊所、研究中心和实验室的发展使污水量不断增加，威胁着人类健康和环境。医院排放的废水可能包括生物、化学、药物和废水废物，其中含有高浓度的氯化分子、重金属、毒素、病原体和放射性物质。本文献综述通过确定研究差距、提出建议和未来展望来解决这一重大问题。为此，手稿将讨论医院污水的主要特征、其对健康环境的影响以及检测和处理方法，从而为健康与环境研究人员和从业人员提供一个路线图。事实上，管理不当会导致土壤、水和空气污染，造成地下水污染和焚烧过程中释放有毒气体等严重后果。因此，医院排放物的处理需要特定的程序，既有排入下水道等传统方法，也有混凝-絮凝、生物膜反应器和高级氧化等创新方法。有效的管理需要对处理方法进行严格评估，同时考虑其有效性、成本、效益和社会接受度。创新实践、适当标准和提高认识计划对于保护公众健康和环境至关重要。

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引用次数: 0

Surfactant-facilitated metabolic induction enhances lipase production from an optimally formulated waste-derived substrate mix using Aspergillus niger: A case of machine learning modeling and metaheuristic optimization 表面活性剂促进的新陈代谢诱导提高了利用黑曲霉从优化配制的废物衍生基质混合物中生产脂肪酶的能力：机器学习建模和元启发式优化案例

Q1 Environmental Science

Bioresource Technology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2024.101993

Andrew Nosakhare Amenaghawon , Stanley Aimhanesi Eshiemogie , Nelson Iyore Evbarunegbe , Peter Kayode Oyefolu , Steve Oshiokhai Eshiemogie , Ibhadebhunuele Gabriel Okoduwa , Maxwell Ogaga Okedi , Chinedu Lewis Anyalewechi , Heri Septya Kusuma

This study introduces a novel method to enhance lipase production by integrating machine learning (ML) models and optimization algorithms. Six ML models, including support vector regression (SVR), kernel ridge regression (KRR), extreme gradient boosting (XGB), extreme learning machine (ELM), random forest (RF), and artificial neural networks (ANN), were employed to predict lipase activity in a multi-substrate system using avocado seed, coconut pulp, and palm oil mill effluent (POME) with Aspergillus niger. SVR proved the most effective (R² = 0.9738; RMSE = 7.0089). Further optimization using manta ray foraging optimization (MFRO), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and genetic algorithm (GA) identified optimal substrate loadings, achieving a maximum lipase activity of 194.38 U/g_ds. The addition of a mixture of surfactants (Tween 80, Tween 20, Triton X-100) further increased lipase production to 520.95 U/g_ds (168.3 % increase). Global sensitivity analysis (GSA) confirmed the important roles of avocado seed, POME, and surfactants in enhancing lipase production. This approach represents a significant advancement in bioprocess scalability.

本研究介绍了一种通过整合机器学习（ML）模型和优化算法来提高脂肪酶产量的新方法。研究采用了六种机器学习模型，包括支持向量回归（SVR）、核岭回归（KRR）、极端梯度提升（XGB）、极端学习机（ELM）、随机森林（RF）和人工神经网络（ANN），来预测使用牛油果籽、椰子浆和棕榈油厂废水（POME）的黑曲霉多底物系统中的脂肪酶活性。SVR 被证明是最有效的（R2 = 0.9738；RMSE = 7.0089）。使用蝠鲼觅食优化法（MFRO）、粒子群优化法（PSO）和遗传算法（GA）进行进一步优化，确定了最佳底物负载量，实现了 194.38 U/gds 的最大脂肪酶活性。添加混合表面活性剂（Tween 80、Tween 20、Triton X-100）进一步提高了脂肪酶产量，达到 520.95 U/gds（增加 168.3%）。全球灵敏度分析（GSA）证实了鳄梨种子、POME 和表面活性剂在提高脂肪酶产量方面的重要作用。这种方法代表了生物工艺可扩展性的重大进步。

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引用次数: 0

Dead Sea water as a sustainable source for the production of microbial bioplastics polyhydroxyalkanoates by halophiles 死海水作为嗜卤生物生产微生物生物塑料聚羟基烷酸酯的可持续来源

Q1 Environmental Science

Bioresource Technology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2024.101989

Diya Alsafadi , Othman Almashaqbeh , Saba Oqdeh , Aya Mansour

The Dead Sea is a unique salt-saturated water body. This work utilized the Dead Sea water (DSW) as a medium instead of fresh water for the biosynthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) by Haloferax mediterranei. The intracellular content of PHAs reached a maximum (6.35 %) at 40 % DSW. An artificial DSW media that mimics the DSW composition was prepared and used for PHAs production by H. mediterranei. The cell dry mass (CDM) and PHAs comcentration (32.61 g L⁻¹ and 4.56 g L⁻¹, respectively) were significantly higher than the results obtained from the reported H. mediterranei highly saline medium. The PHAs production was scaled-up to fed-batch utilizing no-cost date fruit waste and resulted in CDM and PHA concentration of 46.89 g L⁻¹ and 12.77 g L⁻¹, respectively under non-sterile conditions. H. mediterranei accumulated poly-3-(hydroxybutyrate-co-9 %-hydroxyvalerate) with molar mass 916.0 kDa and melting point at 143.2 °C. These results indicate the production of a high-quality biopolymer.

死海是一个独特的盐饱和水体。这项研究利用死海水（DSW）作为介质，而不是淡水，来促进地中海卤虫（Haloferax mediterranei）生物合成聚羟基烷酸酯（PHAs）。在 40% 的帝斯曼海水中，PHAs 的细胞内含量达到最高值（6.35%）。我们制备了一种模拟DSW成分的人工DSW培养基，用于H. mediterranei生产PHAs。细胞干质量（CDM）和 PHAs 浓度（分别为 32.61 g L-1 和 4.56 g L-1）明显高于所报道的 H. mediterranei 高盐度培养基的结果。在非无菌条件下，利用无成本的枣果废料将 PHA 生产扩大到喂养批次，结果 CDM 和 PHA 浓度分别为 46.89 g L-1 和 12.77 g L-1。H. mediterranei 积累的聚-3-（羟基丁酸-9%-羟基戊酸）摩尔质量为 916.0 kDa，熔点为 143.2 °C。这些结果表明产生了高质量的生物聚合物。

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引用次数: 0

Valorization of agri-wastes through microbial consortia and its conversion into bioethanol by co-fermentation method using Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3594 and Pichia stipitis NCIM 3497 strains 通过微生物联合体实现农业废弃物的价值化，并利用酿酒酵母 NCIM 3594 和 Pichia stipitis NCIM 3497 菌株通过共同发酵法将其转化为生物乙醇

Q1 Environmental Science

Bioresource Technology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2024.101991

Pawale Amol Vishwas , Arvind Kumar , Khem Raj Meena

This study aimed to describe the valorization four agri-wastes: paddy straw, wheat straw, corn cobs and sugarcane bagasse through the microbial consortia (bacterial and fungal) followed by fermentation of reducing sugars into bioethanol through yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3594 and Pichia stipitis NCIM 3497. The saccharification of alkali-treated biomass was performed by utilizing microbes (bacterial and fungal) under the submerged conditions at 35 and 30 °C, 150 rpm for 10 days. Saccharification of biomass revealed that the maximum reducing sugar was obtained from alkali pretreated corn cobs and wheat straw through the fungal and bacterial hydrolysis, respectively The results of fermentation study showed that fungal hydrolysates yielded 1.27 fold more bioethanol compared to the bioethanol produced from bacterial hydrolysate with a bioethanol production efficiency of 80.46 %.

本研究旨在描述通过微生物群（细菌和真菌）将稻草、小麦秸秆、玉米棒和甘蔗渣这四种农业废弃物价值化，然后通过酵母菌株 Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCIM 3594 和 Pichia stipitis NCIM 3497 将还原糖发酵成生物乙醇的过程。利用微生物（细菌和真菌）在 35 和 30 °C、150 转/分的浸没条件下对碱处理过的生物质进行了为期 10 天的糖化。生物质糖化结果表明，通过真菌和细菌水解，碱处理过的玉米棒和小麦秸秆分别获得了最高的还原糖。发酵研究结果表明，真菌水解物产生的生物乙醇比细菌水解物产生的生物乙醇多 1.27 倍，生物乙醇生产效率为 80.46%。

引用次数: 0

Biokinetic modeling approach to investigate the impact of rotational speed variations in modified rotating biological contactors for palm oil mill effluent treatment 采用生物动力学建模方法研究改良旋转生物接触器转速变化对棕榈油厂污水处理的影响

Q1 Environmental Science

Bioresource Technology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2024.101992

Rais Rahmadi , Allifiya Salsabil Nugrohoputri , Mayandra Salsabhila Adam , Ariani Dwi Astuti , Jinwoo Cho , Allen Kurniawan

Palm oil mill effluent (POME) contains high organic content, posing significant environmental challenges that demand effective treatment solutions. Conventional rotating biological contactor (RBC) used for POME treatment are limited by insufficient surface area for microbial growth and inefficient oxygen transfer, limiting their effectiveness. This study enhances RBC systems by incorporating bioballs to increase microbial attachment surfaces and improve treatment performance. Experiments were conducted at various rotational speeds, and biokinetic modeling was applied under unsteady-state conditions. The results showed that the RBC operated at 3 rpm achieved the highest removal efficiencies, with 67.4 % for SCOD, 92.4 % for TSS, and 73 % for NH₃. The biokinetic model revealed that rotational speed did not significantly impact oxygen transfer, mainly during the aeration phase. Lower speeds optimized substrate degradation and microbial growth, while higher speeds caused biofilm detachment. The innovative use of bioballs improves POME treatment efficiency at lower speeds, offering a cost-effective solution.

棕榈油厂污水（POME）含有大量有机物，给环境带来了巨大挑战，需要有效的处理解决方案。用于处理 POME 的传统旋转生物接触器（RBC）因微生物生长的表面积不足和氧气传输效率低下而受到限制，从而限制了其有效性。本研究通过加入生物球来增强 RBC 系统，从而增加微生物附着表面，提高处理性能。实验在不同转速下进行，并在非稳态条件下应用了生物动力学模型。结果表明，转速为 3 rpm 的 RBC 去除效率最高，SCOD 去除率为 67.4%，TSS 去除率为 92.4%，NH3 去除率为 73%。生物动力学模型显示，转速对氧气传输的影响不大，主要是在曝气阶段。较低的转速可优化基质降解和微生物生长，而较高的转速则会导致生物膜脱落。生物球的创新使用提高了较低转速下的 POME 处理效率，提供了一种具有成本效益的解决方案。

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引用次数: 0

Biochar-derived adsorbents for removal of Rhodamine B from wastewater 生物炭吸附剂去除废水中的罗丹明 B

Q1 Environmental Science

Bioresource Technology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2024.101987

Vidya Yalasangi , Neelaambhigai Mayilswamy , Balasubramanian Kandasubramanian

Rhodamine B (RhB), a synthetic organic dye poses environmental risks due to improper disposal, contributing to bioaccumulation; its elimination from wastewater is essential to safeguard environmental and human health. A diverse array of adsorbents, including metal oxides, activated carbon, clay-based materials, and agricultural waste derivatives, have been employed for RhB adsorption from wastewater. The burgeoning interest in biochar-based adsorbents for RhB removal is underpinned by their merits including high porosity, abundant surface functionalities, customizable surface area, and exceptional recyclability. This review delves into biochar adsorbents for the efficient removal of RhB from wastewater. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and thermodynamics studies governing RhB adsorption are discussed here. A distinctive aspect of this work is the integration of density functional to elucidate the fundamental molecular interactions between the adsorbent and RhB, providing insights into electronic structure, binding energies, and complex adsorption geometries, along with response surface methodology to systematically optimize experimental parameters.

罗丹明 B（RhB）是一种合成有机染料，由于处置不当会造成生物蓄积，从而对环境造成危害；从废水中去除罗丹明 B 对保护环境和人类健康至关重要。目前已采用多种吸附剂来吸附废水中的 RhB，其中包括金属氧化物、活性炭、粘土基材料和农业废弃物衍生物。生物炭吸附剂具有高孔隙率、丰富的表面功能、可定制的表面积和优异的可回收性等优点，因此人们对生物炭吸附剂去除 RhB 的兴趣日益浓厚。本综述将深入探讨生物炭吸附剂如何有效去除废水中的 RhB。本文讨论了有关 RhB 吸附的吸附动力学、等温线和热力学研究。这项工作的一个独特之处是整合了密度泛函，以阐明吸附剂与 RhB 之间的基本分子相互作用，从而深入了解电子结构、结合能和复杂的吸附几何形状，并采用响应面方法对实验参数进行系统优化。

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of biomimetic fermentation technique for enhanced and eco-friendly extraction of phenolics from pomegranate peel 优化生物仿生发酵技术，提高石榴皮酚类物质的环保提取率

Q1 Environmental Science

Bioresource Technology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2024.101986

Atieh Vafajoo , Hossein Sabahi , Samad Nejad Ebrahimi , Kazem Ahmadikia

In this research, we mimicked pomegranate orchard conditions for Aspergillus growth on powdered pomegranate fruit waste (PFW) to extract and purify phenolic compounds. Pomegranate's high ellagitannin content makes it attractive to Aspergillus sp., whose spores are abundant in these environments. Four experiments were conducted with varying PFW:water ratios (1:2.5, 1:5, 1:7, and 1:10), aeration, agitation, and incubation times. The 1:10 ratio achieved the highest antioxidant activity (256.34 mg GAE/g DM) and total phenolic content (300.3 mg GAE/g DM) after 48 h of fermentation, comparable to advanced chemical methods. PCR analysis identified Aspergillus tubingensis, and mycotoxin measurements showed no detectable aflatoxins or ochratoxin A, confirming extract safety and purity. This study introduced a pioneering, natural method for phenolic extraction. Additionally, the very higher protein content of fermented extract (1.18 %) compared to the non-fermented extract (0.03 %), suggests its potential as an attractive topic for future investigations as source of food industrial enzymes.

在这项研究中，我们模拟石榴园的条件，让曲霉菌在石榴果实废料粉末（PFW）上生长，以提取和纯化酚类化合物。石榴的鞣花丹宁含量很高，因此对曲霉菌很有吸引力，而曲霉菌的孢子在这些环境中非常丰富。我们用不同的 PFW 与水的比例（1:2.5、1:5、1:7 和 1:10）、通气、搅拌和培养时间进行了四次实验。发酵 48 小时后，1:10 的比例获得了最高的抗氧化活性（256.34 毫克 GAE/g DM）和总酚含量（300.3 毫克 GAE/g DM），与先进的化学方法相当。聚合酶链式反应（PCR）分析鉴定出了管曲霉，霉菌毒素测量结果显示未检测到黄曲霉毒素或赭曲霉毒素 A，从而证实了提取物的安全性和纯度。这项研究开创了一种天然的酚类提取方法。此外，与非发酵提取物（0.03%）相比，发酵提取物的蛋白质含量非常高（1.18%），这表明它具有作为食品工业酶来源进行研究的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Upgrading of kraft lignin pyrolysis products: Managing sulfur impurities 提升牛皮纸木质素热解产品：硫杂质管理

Q1 Environmental Science

Bioresource Technology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2024.101988

Matteo Borella , Alessandro A. Casazza , Gabriella Garbarino , Paola Riani , Guido Busca

Pyrolysis stands as a powerful method for the valorization of biomass like kraft lignin, an aromatic-rich and sulfur-containing polymeric by-product from the pulping industry. Sulfur in the raw matrix is released during thermal processes and is redistributed in pyrolysis products. However, the presence of sulfur lowers the quality of products due to its corrosive and toxic character. In this work, commercial activated carbons have been used as adsorbents to remove the main sulfur compounds from the gas phase (i.e., CH₃SH, COS, H₂S). The analysis of sulfur content in biochar has been performed through SEM-EDXS, while the sulfur content in oils has been obtained by GC–MS analysis. The adsorption of sulfur on the activated carbon bed results in an enhancement of the release of sulfur in the gas phase from 34 % without activated carbon to 44 %. Up to 88 % of H₂S removal is achieved after the adsorption step, together with a reduction of the overall sulfur content in the bio-oil rich in intermediates such as guaiacols and alkylated phenols. The residual sulfur contained in the liquid product is lowered to 3 % of the total sulfur in the system, thus improving the quality of the liquid pyrolysis product. This process limits the amount of sulfur in the gas and improves its quality and market value. At the same time, this results in a redistribution of sulfur in pyrolysis products such as bio-oil, improving its range of application as a source of chemical intermediates from kraft lignin.

热解是实现生物质（如牛皮纸木质素）价值化的一种有效方法，牛皮纸木质素是制浆工业产生的一种富含芳香族和硫磺的聚合物副产品。原基质中的硫会在热处理过程中释放出来，并在热解产物中重新分布。然而，由于硫具有腐蚀性和毒性，其存在会降低产品的质量。在这项工作中，使用了商用活性炭作为吸附剂来去除气相中的主要硫化合物（即 CH3SH、COS 和 H2S）。生物炭中的硫含量是通过 SEM-EDXS 分析得出的，而油类中的硫含量则是通过 GC-MS 分析得出的。活性炭床对硫的吸附使气相中硫的释放量从没有活性炭时的 34% 提高到 44%。经过吸附步骤后，H2S 的去除率高达 88%，同时生物油中富含的愈创木酚和烷基化酚等中间产物的总硫含量也有所降低。液体产品中的残余硫降低到系统总硫量的 3%，从而提高了液体热解产品的质量。这一工艺限制了气体中的含硫量，提高了气体的质量和市场价值。同时，这也导致了生物油等热解产品中硫的重新分布，从而改善了其作为牛皮纸木质素化学中间体来源的应用范围。

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引用次数: 0

The determination of pyrolytic synergies between sewage sludge and low-rank coal 污水污泥与低阶煤热解协同作用的测定

Q1 Environmental Science

Bioresource Technology Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2024.101985

K. Mphahlele , R.H. Matjie , H. Rutto , I. Fonts , A. Gonzalo , P.O. Osifo , J.R. Bunt

In this study, South African sewage sludge (SASS) and turnout North American lignite (NAL) were subjected to analytical pyrolysis and evaluation of synergistic interaction. Mineralogical and chemical properties of the SASS, NAL, SASS and NAL blends and their ashes differed significantly owing to the origin of the samples evaluated. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that both samples comprised of similar functional groups with different transmittance intensities. NAL projected a high hydroxyl intensity at 3500–2800 cm⁻¹, corresponding to its higher moisture content and the OH from kaolinite. The organic matrices of both SASS and NAL consisted mainly of long length-chain fatty acids and long-oil range hydrocarbons (C > 15), but NAL reported a slightly higher elution time owing to signatures of a number of complex aromatic compounds and substitutions such as phenol, naphthalene, glycol and plasticiser (phthalate) compounds. The thermogravimetric analysis indicated that NAL thermal degradation took place over a wider temperature range starting from 350 to 700 °C, while SASS thermal-degradation occurred between 250 and 500 °C. Also, a slower NAL decomposition rate related to the higher concentration of long-chain hydrocarbons and formation of aromatic clusters via secondary repolymerization reaction as indicated by NMR. The slow decomposition rate and repolymerization reaction contributed to higher activation energy(Ea) requirements for NAL pyrolysis. Interactive blend ratios for the thermal degradation were found to be 80 %SASS:20 %NAL and 20 %SASS:80 %NAL with Ea of 285.24 and 415.72 kJ/mol, respectively. Results obtained from this work provide a starting point towards co-pyrolysis of digested SASS with South African fine coal rejects. Utilization of sewage sludge and fine coal wastes in the thermochemical processes could have potential for fuel production as well as resolving environmental and Human health problems associated with high-cost waste disposal methods.

在这项研究中，对南非污水污泥（SASS）和北美褐煤（NAL）进行了分析性热解和协同作用评估。由于评估样品的来源不同，SASS、NAL、SASS 和 NAL 混合物及其灰烬的矿物学和化学特性也有很大差异。傅立叶变换红外光谱分析结果表明，两种样品都含有类似的官能团，但透射强度不同。NAL 在 3500-2800 cm-1 处的羟基强度较高，这与其较高的水分含量和来自高岭石的羟基有关。SASS 和 NAL 的有机基质主要由长链脂肪酸和长油程碳氢化合物（C > 15）组成，但 NAL 的洗脱时间稍长，因为其中含有一些复杂的芳香族化合物和替代物，如苯酚、萘、乙二醇和增塑剂（邻苯二甲酸盐）化合物。热重分析表明，NAL 的热降解发生在 350 ℃ 至 700 ℃ 的较宽温度范围内，而 SASS 的热降解发生在 250 ℃ 至 500 ℃ 之间。此外，NMR 显示，NAL 的分解速率较慢，这与长链碳氢化合物的浓度较高以及通过二次再聚合反应形成芳香族簇有关。较慢的分解速率和再聚合反应导致 NAL 热解所需的活化能（Ea）较高。热降解的交互混合比为 80 %SASS:20 %NAL 和 20 %SASS:80 %NAL，Ea 分别为 285.24 和 415.72 kJ/mol。这项研究的结果为消化后的 SASS 与南非精煤废渣的联合热解提供了一个起点。在热化学过程中利用污水污泥和精煤废料不仅有可能生产燃料，还能解决与高成本废物处理方法相关的环境和人类健康问题。

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引用次数: 0