Bioresource Technology Reports最新文献

The current research centred on estimating kinetic parameters and examining the composition of pyrolysis vapours from neem seeds and COVID-19 waste nitrile gloves (NG) using Pyro-GC–MS. Owing to the intricacy of the co-pyrolysis process, kinetic parameters were studied using KAS, OFW, FM, and VZ models. Biomass and plastic were mixed in different proportions (1:1, 3:1, and 5:1), whereas feed to catalyst was mixed at 3:1, 5:1 and 8:1, respectively. The estimation of the kinetic parameters of co-pyrolysis of NMS and NG confirmed that the 3:1 ratio and the feeds-to-catalyst ratio at 5:1 were found to be most effective in producing maximum hot vapours. Moreover, the analysis of pyrolysis vapours confirmed that a ratio of 3:1 for (NMS to NG) and a ratio of 5:1 for feed to catalyst (NMS + NG(3:1) + Al₂O₃ (5:1) resulted in the highest production of hydrocarbons while decreasing the presence of acids and oxygenated compounds.

Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising method for converting biomass into biocrude, utilizing moderate temperatures (250–350 °C) and high pressures (10–25 MPa) near the solvent's critical point, typically water. This study assesses various waste biomass feedstocks under identical HTL conditions (T = 280 °C, P = 12 MPa, time = 30 min). Mustard meal exhibited the highest biocrude yield (38 wt%), followed by canola meal (27 wt%), attributed to their high lipid contents. Co-HTL using different ratios of mustard and canola meals showed that a 1:3 ratio produced biocrude with the lowest heteroatom content. Optimization of temperature (260–340 °C), reaction time (0–45 min), and solvent-to-biomass ratio (3–9) revealed that biocrude with minimal oxygen content and significant yield was achieved at 320 °C, 30 mins, and a 5:1 water-to-biomass ratio. The physicochemical properties of biocrude and bio residues were evaluated for potential applications.

Biomass is the primary non-fossil energy source, especially in regions such as Central and South America, and holds immense potential for non-fossil energy. Utilizing waste biomass, mainly through gasification for syngas production, offers environmental advantages over direct combustion for electricity and heating. The sacha inchi seed shell (SIS), currently discarded, presents an untapped biomass resource. Hence, the significance of this work lies in assessing the gasification potential of SIS for decentralized power generation, targeting rural off-grid areas. Detailed modeling of mass, energy, and exergy flows was used to establish a self-sustaining 35 kW sacha inchi processing plant using Aspen Plus software. The best operational condition was identified at an equivalence ratio of 0.25, achieving 100 % carbon conversion efficiency and 73.5 % cold gas efficiency with a lower heating value of 6.126 MJ/kg. Exergetic analysis highlights heat exchangers and the power generator as the least efficient components (0.214 % to 27.85 %), contrasting with superior efficiencies in the gasifier, compressor, and cyclone (82.85 %, 85.5 %, and 96.13 %, respectively). Exergoeconomic assessment reveals an energy cost of 10.25 USD/GJ, notably lower than Colombian energy costs for equivalent power needs.

This study explores the hydroxycinnamic acid extraction from prairie biomass as a potential value-added pretreatment for enhancing the performance of anaerobic digestion. Pretreatment increased the biomethane potential of prairie biomass by 33 %; when the extraction residue was left on the biomass, the biomethane potential increased by 100 %. When the treated biomass was co-digested with manure, a 134 % and 25 % increase in methane productivity and methane content was obtained, respectively, relative to raw biomass co-digested with manure. Hydroxycinnamic acid extraction also improved anaerobic digestion performance under biochar supplementation and liquid digestate recirculation conditions. Lastly, the extraction process was optimized for hydroxycinnamic acid yield. It was found that increases in treatment temperature and time could further increase yield by 5 %. Collectively, the results show hydroxycinnamic acid extraction can be used as a highly effective pretreatment for improving the anaerobic digestion of prairie biomass.

Biofilm is a collection of microorganisms that adheres to a surface and continues to grow in the presence of nutrients. The genetic diversity within biofilm makes it difficult to control biofilm growth. This study compares the mechanisms of biofilm desorption upon coliphage treatment and nutrient deprivation. The expressions of both waaC and fimF genes were downregulated upon nutrient deprivation in E. coli biofilm. T4 phage infection resulted in higher waaC and fimF transcripts in 11,303 E. coli. Whereas C3000 E. coli biofilm infected with MS2 phage had reduction in waaC and fimF transcripts. Nutrient deprivation of biofilms resulted in a significantly higher number of live E. coli cells within the biofilms as compared to the number of live E. coli cells within the biofilms infected with T4 coliphage. The results indicate a possibility of a presence of distinct biofilm desorption mechanisms upon coliphage treatment and from lack of nutrients.

This study focus on managing agricultural crop residue and algae into soil amelioration. The wheat-husk and algal biochar studied to improve soil physico-chemical properties and their impact on Vigna radiata (Moong) and Pennisetum glaucum (Bajra). Biochar used at various proportions of 4-12 % at an interval of 8, 16 and 24 days. Algal biochar, at a concentration of 12 %, results in shoot lengths of 25.53 cm for Moong and 16.75 cm for Bajra, whereas, wheat husk biochar for the same concentration results in shoot length of 9.52 cm for Moong and 6.95 cm for Bajra after a 24-day growth period. The root and shoot length observed more in wheat husk whereas the algal biochar showed the more plant yield enhancement and degree of induction in both the crops. The algal biomass showed more biochar production efficiency and the proximate and ultimate characterization after adding biochar and increase in soil pH, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon in Moong. Moreover, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy- Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction studied for both before and after biochar addition. Overall, the addition of both biochar has contributed significantly in improving soil health.

Rice straw serves as an alternative feedstock for yeast oil (YO) production and bio-polyurethane (BPU) foam formation. This study optimized yeast growth and YO production by Pseudozyma parantarctica, utilizing rice straw hydrolysate (RSH) as the primary carbon source. Fed-batch strategies were explored to enhance YO production efficiency and its conversion into BPU foam. The optimized conditions proved highly effective in yielding biomass and YO from RSH-OPM. The fed-batch approach significantly improved biomass, YO production, and oil content to 7.35 ± 0.18 g/L, 3.77 ± 0.09 g/L, and 51.21 ± 0.15 % (w/w), respectively. The main fatty acid (FA) compositions of YO consisted of C:16 to C:18 FAs for over 92 %. RSH-based YO was successfully transformed into both rigid and semi-rigid BPU foams. This research demonstrated the feasibility and potential of using RSH as a low-cost and renewable carbon source for YO production and BPU foam formation.

Microbial community studies in treatment wetlands (TW) have not investigated cold-climate TW and have focused primarily on laboratory mesocosms. This study determined microbial community composition and dynamics using 16s rRNA sequencing in a partially-saturated two-stage, vertical-flow pilot TW treating ski resort wastewater from December–April. Indicator species analysis found organisms capable of the primary nitrogen transformations observed in each stage at 3 °C, with nitrifiers in the unsaturated second stage and heterotrophic denitrifiers in the first stage where recycled nitrate is removed. During seasonal TW operation, microbial communities developed significant differences between TW stages and α-diversity decreased. Microbial communities were compared to batch mesocosm TW communities, which were significantly different from the pilot. The study is the first to discern community dynamics and key microorganisms during seasonal loading of a cold-climate, field-scale TW. Results raise questions regarding comparability of mesocosms to pilot systems and indicate more field-scale TW investigations are needed.

This study presents a strategic-tactical decision model with two main objectives: (i) identifying the spatial distribution and estimating the harvestable biomass potential of agricultural farms within a complex landscape; and (ii) optimizing the placement of bioenergy facilities to minimize total transportation costs. Remote sensing techniques combined with spatial analyses were utilized to discriminate agricultural lands from other land-cover types. Field-data measurements were then employed to estimate the quantity of available biomass. Subsequently, a bi-level optimization model was developed to determine optimal bioenergy facility locations and calculate transportation costs. The model was applied to a 20000 km² region in northeastern Iran. The results revealed an average annual biomass density of 4.20 Mg ha⁻¹ from agricultural lands, corresponding to 1867 Gg of biomass across the region. The optimal solution involved placing two bioenergy facilities within a 75 km radius to collect residues biomass, resulting in a delivery cost of $16 kWh⁻¹.

The use of differently pre-treated lignocellulosic biomass (LCB), which contains varying levels of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content, is profitable during biofuel production but also require unique enzymatic preparations to convert these differently pre-treated LCB into their monomeric constituents. To address this question, this study employed simplex-lattice mixture design strategy to customize lignocellulolytic enzymatic cocktails for hydrolysis of different pre-treated substrates, obtained from PRAJ and IOCL Industries. In-house recombinant fungal auxiliary/accessory enzymes were evaluated to work in synergy with Cellic®CTec3. The mixtures of recombinant proteins derived from Scytalidium thermophilum CM-4T with Cellic®CTec3 were found to optimally hydrolyse diluted acid pre-treated rice straw slurries obtained from PRAJ and IOCL Industry using Simplex-lattice mixture designing (SLMD) and showed 70.39 % and 84.46 % saccharification efficiency, respectively.