Brain and Behavior最新文献_第9页

Exploring Adjunctive Novel Therapeutic Approach of KarXT (Xanomeline-Trospium Chloride) for Managing Psychotic Symptoms in Patients With Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's Disease 探索KarXT （Xanomeline-Trospium Chloride）辅助治疗精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默病患者精神病症状的新方法。

IF 2.7 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.71182

Ashir Kanwal, Bismah Azeem, Hania Nasir, Fatima Mumtaz, Nauman Ashraf, Mohammed Hammad Jaber Amin, Warisha Kanwal, Bilal Wazir Khan

Background

Acute psychotic symptoms like delusions and hallucinations are of major concern while treating patients with schizophrenia and alzheimer's psychosis, primarily impacting their daily life functioning and quality of life. The traditional antipsychotic medications, commonly prescribed to manage these symptoms, cause significant side effects with limited efficacy, requiring novel therapeutic agents that can overcome this challenge. While there is no definitive cure, symptomatic treatment can help relieve some of the symptoms and improve the quality of life of people with alzheimer's disease (AD).

Method

A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, scopus, google scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted to identify studies on xanomeline–trospium chloride (KarXT) in schizophrenia and AD psychosis. After screening 802 unique records, 39 studies—including preclinical, clinical, and observational investigations—were included in this narrative review. Only English-language publications up to February 2025 were considered.

Result

KarXT, with its dual action on the M1 and M4 receptors and mAChR antagonism, greatly helps reduce the severity of the positive and negative symptoms, as it resulted in an 8.4-point greater reduction on the PANSS scale. Side effects were minimal and did not account for the discontinuation of treatment.

Conclusion

Psychosis is a common feature of schizophrenia and AD, most often caused by high concentrations of dopamine in the brain, characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, resulting in markedly reduced quality of life for the patient and associated caregiver. Conventional treatments targeting dopamine receptors produce extrapyramidal symptoms and metabolic side effects, leading to noncompliance with medication. KarXT, with its dual action on M1 and M4 receptors and mAChR antagonism, greatly helps reduce the severity of the positive and negative symptoms. The side effects experienced were minimal and did not account for the discontinuation of treatment.An overview of the mechanism of action, clinical trials, and classical findings of KarXT for the management of psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and alzheimer's disease.

背景：急性精神病症状如妄想和幻觉是治疗精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默病患者的主要关注点，主要影响他们的日常生活功能和生活质量。传统的抗精神病药物通常用于治疗这些症状，但会产生明显的副作用，而且疗效有限，因此需要新的治疗药物来克服这一挑战。虽然没有确切的治愈方法，但对症治疗可以帮助缓解阿尔茨海默病（AD）患者的一些症状并改善他们的生活质量。方法：综合检索PubMed、scopus、谷歌scholar和ClinicalTrials.gov等网站的文献，确定氯曲霉碱（xanomeline-trospium chloride, KarXT）治疗精神分裂症和AD精神病的研究。在筛选了802份独特的记录后，39项研究——包括临床前、临床和观察性调查——被纳入了这篇叙述性综述。只考虑到2025年2月以前的英文出版物。结果：KarXT对M1和M4受体的双重作用，以及对mAChR的拮抗作用，极大地帮助减轻了阳性和阴性症状的严重程度，使PANSS评分降低8.4分。副作用很小，并不是停止治疗的原因。结论：精神病是精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默病的共同特征，通常由大脑中多巴胺浓度过高引起，以幻觉、妄想和思维混乱为特征，导致患者和相关护理人员的生活质量显著降低。针对多巴胺受体的常规治疗产生锥体外系症状和代谢副作用，导致药物不遵医嘱。KarXT通过对M1和M4受体的双重作用以及对mAChR的拮抗作用，极大地减轻了阳性和阴性症状的严重程度。所经历的副作用是最小的，并不是停止治疗的原因。KarXT治疗精神分裂症和阿尔茨海默病患者精神病症状的作用机制、临床试验和经典发现综述

{"title":"Exploring Adjunctive Novel Therapeutic Approach of KarXT (Xanomeline-Trospium Chloride) for Managing Psychotic Symptoms in Patients With Schizophrenia and Alzheimer's Disease","authors":"Ashir Kanwal, Bismah Azeem, Hania Nasir, Fatima Mumtaz, Nauman Ashraf, Mohammed Hammad Jaber Amin, Warisha Kanwal, Bilal Wazir Khan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71182","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71182","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute psychotic symptoms like delusions and hallucinations are of major concern while treating patients with schizophrenia and alzheimer's psychosis, primarily impacting their daily life functioning and quality of life. The traditional antipsychotic medications, commonly prescribed to manage these symptoms, cause significant side effects with limited efficacy, requiring novel therapeutic agents that can overcome this challenge. While there is no definitive cure, symptomatic treatment can help relieve some of the symptoms and improve the quality of life of people with alzheimer's disease (AD).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A comprehensive literature search of PubMed, scopus, google scholar, and ClinicalTrials.gov was conducted to identify studies on xanomeline–trospium chloride (KarXT) in schizophrenia and AD psychosis. After screening 802 unique records, 39 studies—including preclinical, clinical, and observational investigations—were included in this narrative review. Only English-language publications up to February 2025 were considered.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>KarXT, with its dual action on the M1 and M4 receptors and mAChR antagonism, greatly helps reduce the severity of the positive and negative symptoms, as it resulted in an 8.4-point greater reduction on the PANSS scale. Side effects were minimal and did not account for the discontinuation of treatment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Psychosis is a common feature of schizophrenia and AD, most often caused by high concentrations of dopamine in the brain, characterized by hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking, resulting in markedly reduced quality of life for the patient and associated caregiver. Conventional treatments targeting dopamine receptors produce extrapyramidal symptoms and metabolic side effects, leading to noncompliance with medication. KarXT, with its dual action on M1 and M4 receptors and mAChR antagonism, greatly helps reduce the severity of the positive and negative symptoms. The side effects experienced were minimal and did not account for the discontinuation of treatment.An overview of the mechanism of action, clinical trials, and classical findings of KarXT for the management of psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia and alzheimer's disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12808924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145988219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Research Progress of Ferroptosis in Cerebral Infarction 脑梗死中铁下垂的研究进展。

IF 2.7 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.71192

Yilan Fei, Qi Leng

Purpose: To synthesize current mechanistic insights and translational progress on ferroptosis, a regulated, iron-dependent, nonapoptotic cell death pathway in the pathophysiology and treatment of cerebral infarction (ischemic stroke), and to outline therapeutic opportunities and remaining gaps for clinical application.

Method: Narrative, focused review of preclinical and translational studies (in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo ischemia/reperfusion and middle cerebral artery occlusion models), alongside emerging biomarker, nanocarrier, and gene/RNA-based strategies reported up to 2025. Evidence was organized across five domains: (1) redox and lipid peroxidation biology; (2) iron metabolism and ferritinophagy; (3) mitochondrial dysfunction; (4) neuroinflammation and blood–brain barrier integrity; and (5) therapeutic development and early clinical exploration.

Finding: Ferroptosis in cerebral infarction is driven by glutathione depletion, glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) inactivation, and iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated phospholipids, with acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member-4 (ACSL4) and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase-3 (LPCAT3) priming membranes for oxidative injury. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, iron–sulfur cluster instability, and cardiolipin oxidation amplify ferroptotic signaling, while ferroptosis–inflammation crosstalk (via damage-associated molecular patterns and microglial activation) aggravates secondary injury and blood–brain barrier disruption. Candidate biomarkers (e.g., oxylipins, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, GPX4 fragments; gene pairs such as CDKN1A/JUN; NFE2L2 pathway readouts) show promise for patient stratification. Pharmacological approaches—including radical-trapping antioxidants (ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1), iron chelation, and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation—consistently reduce infarct volume and improve function in animal models. Nanoparticle formulations enhance brain delivery of ferroptosis modulators, and RNA/gene-targeted strategies (e.g., SLC7A11/GPX4/FSP1 axes; exosomal noncoding RNAs) expand the therapeutic toolkit. Clinically, iron-modulating strategies in ischemic stroke suggest feasibility; however, dedicated, biomarker-guided ferroptosis trials remain limited.

Conclusion: Ferroptosis represents a convergent, actionable mechanism of ischemic neuronal death and secondary brain injury. Multimodal interventions that combine lipid peroxidation control, iron homeostasis, mitochondrial protection, and inflammation resolution are biologically compelling. Key next steps include: validating real-time biomarkers for patient selection and timing; optimizing brain-penetrant delivery systems; integrating ferroptosis modulation with reperfusion therapies; and advancing rigorously designed phase II/III trials to establish efficacy and safety in defined stroke subtypes.

目的：综合脑梗死（缺血性卒中）病理生理和治疗中受调控、铁依赖性、非凋亡细胞死亡途径铁凋亡的机制见解和转化进展，概述临床应用的治疗机会和仍存在的差距。方法：叙述，重点回顾临床前和转化研究（体外，离体和体内缺血/再灌注和大脑中动脉闭塞模型），以及截至2025年报道的新兴生物标志物，纳米载体和基于基因/ rna的策略。证据组织在五个领域：(1)氧化还原和脂质过氧化生物学；(2)铁代谢和铁蛋白自噬；(3)线粒体功能障碍；(4)神经炎症和血脑屏障完整性；(5)治疗开发和早期临床探索。发现：脑梗死的铁死亡是由谷胱甘肽耗竭、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶-4 （GPX4）失活和铁催化的多不饱和磷脂脂质过氧化引起的，酰基辅酶a合成酶长链家族成员-4 （ACSL4）和溶血磷脂酰转移酶-3 （LPCAT3）引发氧化损伤膜。线粒体活性氧、铁硫团簇不稳定和心磷脂氧化增强了铁致凋亡信号，而铁致凋亡-炎症串扰（通过损伤相关的分子模式和小胶质细胞激活）加重了继发性损伤和血脑屏障破坏。候选生物标志物（如氧化脂素、8-异前列腺素F2α、GPX4片段、基因对如CDKN1A/JUN、NFE2L2通路读数）显示出患者分层的希望。药理学方法——包括自由基捕获抗氧化剂（铁他汀-1、利普斯他汀-1）、铁螯合和核因子红细胞2相关因子2 （Nrf2）激活——在动物模型中一致地减少梗死体积并改善功能。纳米颗粒制剂增强了铁死亡调节剂的脑递送，RNA/基因靶向策略（例如，SLC7A11/GPX4/FSP1轴；外泌体非编码RNA）扩展了治疗工具箱。临床上，铁调节策略在缺血性脑卒中中是可行的；然而，专门的、生物标志物引导的铁下垂试验仍然有限。结论：铁下垂是缺血性神经元死亡和继发性脑损伤的一种趋同的、可行的机制。结合脂质过氧化控制、铁稳态、线粒体保护和炎症解决的多模式干预在生物学上是引人注目的。接下来的关键步骤包括：验证用于患者选择和时机选择的实时生物标志物；优化脑渗透输送系统；将铁下垂调节与再灌注治疗相结合；并推进严格设计的II/III期试验，以确定确定的卒中亚型的有效性和安全性。

{"title":"Research Progress of Ferroptosis in Cerebral Infarction","authors":"Yilan Fei, Qi Leng","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71192","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71192","url":null,"abstract":"<p><b>Purpose</b>: To synthesize current mechanistic insights and translational progress on ferroptosis, a regulated, iron-dependent, nonapoptotic cell death pathway in the pathophysiology and treatment of cerebral infarction (ischemic stroke), and to outline therapeutic opportunities and remaining gaps for clinical application.</p><p><b>Method</b>: Narrative, focused review of preclinical and translational studies (in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo ischemia/reperfusion and middle cerebral artery occlusion models), alongside emerging biomarker, nanocarrier, and gene/RNA-based strategies reported up to 2025. Evidence was organized across five domains: (1) redox and lipid peroxidation biology; (2) iron metabolism and ferritinophagy; (3) mitochondrial dysfunction; (4) neuroinflammation and blood–brain barrier integrity; and (5) therapeutic development and early clinical exploration.</p><p><b>Finding</b>: Ferroptosis in cerebral infarction is driven by glutathione depletion, glutathione peroxidase-4 (GPX4) inactivation, and iron-catalyzed lipid peroxidation of polyunsaturated phospholipids, with acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member-4 (ACSL4) and lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase-3 (LPCAT3) priming membranes for oxidative injury. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, iron–sulfur cluster instability, and cardiolipin oxidation amplify ferroptotic signaling, while ferroptosis–inflammation crosstalk (via damage-associated molecular patterns and microglial activation) aggravates secondary injury and blood–brain barrier disruption. Candidate biomarkers (e.g., oxylipins, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α, GPX4 fragments; gene pairs such as CDKN1A/JUN; NFE2L2 pathway readouts) show promise for patient stratification. Pharmacological approaches—including radical-trapping antioxidants (ferrostatin-1, liproxstatin-1), iron chelation, and nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation—consistently reduce infarct volume and improve function in animal models. Nanoparticle formulations enhance brain delivery of ferroptosis modulators, and RNA/gene-targeted strategies (e.g., SLC7A11/GPX4/FSP1 axes; exosomal noncoding RNAs) expand the therapeutic toolkit. Clinically, iron-modulating strategies in ischemic stroke suggest feasibility; however, dedicated, biomarker-guided ferroptosis trials remain limited.</p><p><b>Conclusion</b>: Ferroptosis represents a convergent, actionable mechanism of ischemic neuronal death and secondary brain injury. Multimodal interventions that combine lipid peroxidation control, iron homeostasis, mitochondrial protection, and inflammation resolution are biologically compelling. Key next steps include: validating real-time biomarkers for patient selection and timing; optimizing brain-penetrant delivery systems; integrating ferroptosis modulation with reperfusion therapies; and advancing rigorously designed phase II/III trials to establish efficacy and safety in defined stroke subtypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12808926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145988217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Rehabilitation–Cognition Integrated Care Program for Elderly With Lower Limb Fractures and Cognitive Impairment: Development and Efficacy 老年人下肢骨折和认知功能障碍的康复-认知综合护理方案：发展和疗效。

IF 2.7 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.71184

Qinfen Chen, Xiaozhen Ding, Yongmin Wei, Jiahao Wang, Mingping Zhou, Yuanyuan Chen, Yanlin Chen

Objective

To develop and assess the efficacy of a rehabilitation–cognition integrated care (RCIC) program for elderly patients with lower limb fractures and mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment.

Methods

A total of 128 eligible patients during January 2023 to December 2024 were randomly allocated to conventional (n = 64) or integrated care group (n = 64). Both groups received 12 weeks of intervention. Outcomes, including Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores, were compared. Serum neurotrophic and neuroinflammatory markers were analyzed pre- and post-intervention. Complications, fall recurrence rates, and nursing satisfaction were recorded.

Results

Post-intervention, both groups showed improved FMA, BBS, and FIM scores, with significantly greater improvement in the integrated care group (p < 0.05). HADS-Anxiety (HADS-A) and HADS-Depression (HADS-D) scores decreased significantly more in the integrated care group (p < 0.05). The integrated care group demonstrated higher MoCA scores versus both its own baseline and the conventional care group post-intervention (p < 0.05). Serum BDNF and GDNF levels increased significantly in the integrated care group compared to both time-matched controls and its baseline (p < 0.05), while S100-β and IL-6 levels decreased significantly (p < 0.05). The integrated care group had lower overall complication rates (p < 0.05), comparable fall recurrence (p > 0.05), and higher nursing satisfaction (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

The RCIC program significantly enhances motor function, balance, cognition, and psychological status while reducing complications and improving satisfaction in elderly fracture patients with cognitive impairment.

目的：探讨康复-认知综合护理（RCIC）方案对老年下肢骨折伴轻中度认知功能障碍患者的疗效。方法：2023年1月至2024年12月，128例符合条件的患者随机分为常规组（n = 64）和综合护理组（n = 64）。两组均接受12周的干预。结果包括Fugl-Meyer评估（FMA）、Berg平衡量表（BBS）、蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）、功能独立性测量（FIM）和医院焦虑和抑郁量表（HADS）评分进行比较。分析干预前后血清神经营养和神经炎症标志物。记录并发症、跌倒复发率及护理满意度。结果：干预后，两组患者FMA、BBS、FIM评分均有改善，其中综合护理组改善更显著（p < 0.05）。综合护理组的hads -焦虑（HADS-A）和hads -抑郁（HADS-D）评分下降幅度明显大于综合护理组（p < 0.05）。综合护理组干预后的MoCA评分高于其自身基线和常规护理组（p < 0.05）。与时间匹配对照组及其基线相比，综合护理组血清BDNF和GDNF水平显著升高（p < 0.05），而S100-β和IL-6水平显著降低（p < 0.05）。综合护理组总体并发症发生率较低（p < 0.05），相对跌倒复发率较低（p < 0.05），护理满意度较高（p < 0.05）。结论：RCIC方案可显著提高老年骨折合并认知功能障碍患者的运动功能、平衡、认知和心理状态，减少并发症，提高满意度。

{"title":"Rehabilitation–Cognition Integrated Care Program for Elderly With Lower Limb Fractures and Cognitive Impairment: Development and Efficacy","authors":"Qinfen Chen, Xiaozhen Ding, Yongmin Wei, Jiahao Wang, Mingping Zhou, Yuanyuan Chen, Yanlin Chen","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71184","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71184","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To develop and assess the efficacy of a rehabilitation–cognition integrated care (RCIC) program for elderly patients with lower limb fractures and mild-to-moderate cognitive impairment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 128 eligible patients during January 2023 to December 2024 were randomly allocated to conventional (<i>n</i> = 64) or integrated care group (<i>n</i> = 64). Both groups received 12 weeks of intervention. Outcomes, including Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) scores, were compared. Serum neurotrophic and neuroinflammatory markers were analyzed pre- and post-intervention. Complications, fall recurrence rates, and nursing satisfaction were recorded.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Post-intervention, both groups showed improved FMA, BBS, and FIM scores, with significantly greater improvement in the integrated care group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). HADS-Anxiety (HADS-A) and HADS-Depression (HADS-D) scores decreased significantly more in the integrated care group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The integrated care group demonstrated higher MoCA scores versus both its own baseline and the conventional care group post-intervention (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Serum BDNF and GDNF levels increased significantly in the integrated care group compared to both time-matched controls and its baseline (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while S100-β and IL-6 levels decreased significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The integrated care group had lower overall complication rates (<i>p</i> < 0.05), comparable fall recurrence (<i>p</i> > 0.05), and higher nursing satisfaction (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The RCIC program significantly enhances motor function, balance, cognition, and psychological status while reducing complications and improving satisfaction in elderly fracture patients with cognitive impairment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12808919/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145988244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Child Behavioral Scores Correlate With Prenatal Tobacco and Marijuana Exposure, Sociodemographic Variables and Interactions of Default Mode and Dorsal Attention Networks 儿童行为得分与产前烟草和大麻暴露、社会人口学变量以及默认模式和背侧注意网络的相互作用相关。

IF 2.7 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.71168

Ramana V. Vishnubhotla, Yi Zhao, Rupa Radhakrishnan

Introduction

Prenatal substance exposure is an increasing problem that has been linked to multiple neurodevelopmental impairments and alterations to brain functional connectivity.

Methods

Behavioral scores and functional network correlation data were obtained from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development^SM (ABCD) Study. First, behavioral scores based on the child behavioral checklist were tested for associations with prenatal exposure to several substances along with demographic data. Then differences in resting-state functional networks were assessed based on prenatal substance exposure. Third, we assessed the impact of resting-state functional networks on behavioral scores. A linear regression was used for all these analyses, and a false discovery rate < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Based on the selection criteria, 6674 subjects were included in the analysis. Prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE), prenatal marijuana exposure, household income, and food insecurity were associated with worse behavioral scores. Additionally, PTE was significantly associated with increased connectivity between the default mode network (DMN) and dorsal attention network (DAN) and decreased intra-network connectivity within the DAN. Finally, there were five CBCL scales that were associated with differences in network connectivity.

Conclusion

Taken together, these results suggest PTE to be associated with multiple functional networks, including those associated with several CBCL scales.

产前物质暴露是一个日益严重的问题，与多种神经发育障碍和脑功能连接的改变有关。方法：从青少年大脑认知发展（ABCD）研究中获取行为评分和功能网络相关数据。首先，基于儿童行为检查表的行为得分与产前接触几种物质以及人口统计数据的关系进行了测试。然后根据产前物质暴露评估静息状态功能网络的差异。第三，我们评估了静息状态功能网络对行为评分的影响。所有这些分析都使用线性回归，错误发现率< 0.05被认为是显著的。结果：根据入选标准，共纳入受试者6674例。产前烟草暴露（PTE）、产前大麻暴露、家庭收入和食品不安全与较差的行为得分有关。此外，PTE与默认模式网络（DMN）和背侧注意网络（DAN）之间的连通性增加以及DAN内网络内连通性降低显著相关。最后，有五个CBCL量表与网络连通性的差异相关。结论：综上所述，这些结果表明PTE与多种功能网络相关，包括与几种CBCL量表相关的功能网络。

{"title":"Child Behavioral Scores Correlate With Prenatal Tobacco and Marijuana Exposure, Sociodemographic Variables and Interactions of Default Mode and Dorsal Attention Networks","authors":"Ramana V. Vishnubhotla, Yi Zhao, Rupa Radhakrishnan","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71168","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71168","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prenatal substance exposure is an increasing problem that has been linked to multiple neurodevelopmental impairments and alterations to brain functional connectivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Behavioral scores and functional network correlation data were obtained from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development<sup>SM</sup> (ABCD) Study. First, behavioral scores based on the child behavioral checklist were tested for associations with prenatal exposure to several substances along with demographic data. Then differences in resting-state functional networks were assessed based on prenatal substance exposure. Third, we assessed the impact of resting-state functional networks on behavioral scores. A linear regression was used for all these analyses, and a false discovery rate < 0.05 was considered significant.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on the selection criteria, 6674 subjects were included in the analysis. Prenatal tobacco exposure (PTE), prenatal marijuana exposure, household income, and food insecurity were associated with worse behavioral scores. Additionally, PTE was significantly associated with increased connectivity between the default mode network (DMN) and dorsal attention network (DAN) and decreased intra-network connectivity within the DAN. Finally, there were five CBCL scales that were associated with differences in network connectivity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Taken together, these results suggest PTE to be associated with multiple functional networks, including those associated with several CBCL scales.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12808805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145988309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Measuring the Subjective Signal Strength: Validating Persian Vividness of Visual Mental Imagery Questionnaire-2 主观信号强度的测量：波斯人视觉心理意象生动性的验证（问卷-2）。

IF 2.7 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2026-01-15 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.71203

Mohammad Atashrooz, Fatemeh Mirzai, Maede Amin Roaya, Hannaneh Fayyaz Rouhi, Arash Ghadir, Hoda Doosalivand, Amir Sam Kianimoghadam

Introduction

Although visual mental imagery has been widely researched, a lack of valid measures in Persian-speaking populations has limited cross-cultural, developmental, and clinical research on imagery vividness and its role in reality monitoring.

Methods

We translated, culturally adapted, and psychometrically validated the Persian version of the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire-2 (VVIQ-Pr2) in this cross-sectional study. Our sample was 630 Persian speakers. Participants completed the VVIQ-Pr2 together with the Vividness of Motor Imagery Questionnaire (VMIQ-2), the Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI). Confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group modeling were also conducted.

Results

Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure with correlated residuals demonstrating excellent model fit. The scale showed strong internal consistency. Convergent validity was confirmed by positive correlations with VMIQ-2 and SUIS, while discriminant validity was supported by negligible associations with anxiety and all Heterotrait–Monotrait ratios falling below recommended thresholds. Scalar measurement invariance across gender was established with females scoring slightly higher than males. Finally, age modeling revealed a slight decrease in the vividness of imagery from adolescence to early adulthood, followed by relative stability after that.

Conclusion

The VVIQ-Pr2 is a psychometrically reliable assessment tool for Persian speakers. In addition to operationalizing subjective visual experience in theories on reality monitoring, it may facilitate future cross-cultural and developmental research.

虽然视觉心理意象已被广泛研究，但在波斯语人群中缺乏有效的测量方法，限制了对意象生动性及其在现实监测中的作用的跨文化、发展和临床研究。方法：在这项横断面研究中，我们翻译、文化适应和心理测量学验证了波斯语版本的视觉意象生动度问卷-2 （VVIQ-Pr2）。我们的样本是630名波斯语使用者。参与者在完成VVIQ-Pr2的同时，还完成了运动意象生动度问卷（VMIQ-2）、自发性意象使用量表（SUIS）、广泛性焦虑障碍-7 （GAD-7）和十项人格量表（TIPI）。并进行了验证性因子分析和多组建模。结果：验证性因子分析支持一维结构，相关残差显示良好的模型拟合。量表具有较强的内部一致性。收敛效度与VMIQ-2和SUIS呈正相关，而判别效度与焦虑和所有异性状-单性状比低于推荐阈值的相关性可以忽略。性别间存在标量测量不变性，女性得分略高于男性。最后，年龄模型显示，从青春期到成年早期，意象的生动度略有下降，之后相对稳定。结论：VVIQ-Pr2是波斯语使用者心理测量学上可靠的评估工具。除了在现实监测理论中实现主观视觉经验的操作性外，它还可以促进未来的跨文化和发展研究。

{"title":"Measuring the Subjective Signal Strength: Validating Persian Vividness of Visual Mental Imagery Questionnaire-2","authors":"Mohammad Atashrooz, Fatemeh Mirzai, Maede Amin Roaya, Hannaneh Fayyaz Rouhi, Arash Ghadir, Hoda Doosalivand, Amir Sam Kianimoghadam","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71203","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71203","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although visual mental imagery has been widely researched, a lack of valid measures in Persian-speaking populations has limited cross-cultural, developmental, and clinical research on imagery vividness and its role in reality monitoring.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We translated, culturally adapted, and psychometrically validated the Persian version of the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire-2 (VVIQ-Pr2) in this cross-sectional study. Our sample was 630 Persian speakers. Participants completed the VVIQ-Pr2 together with the Vividness of Motor Imagery Questionnaire (VMIQ-2), the Spontaneous Use of Imagery Scale (SUIS), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), and the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI). Confirmatory factor analysis and multi-group modeling were also conducted.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Confirmatory factor analysis supported a unidimensional structure with correlated residuals demonstrating excellent model fit. The scale showed strong internal consistency. Convergent validity was confirmed by positive correlations with VMIQ-2 and SUIS, while discriminant validity was supported by negligible associations with anxiety and all Heterotrait–Monotrait ratios falling below recommended thresholds. Scalar measurement invariance across gender was established with females scoring slightly higher than males. Finally, age modeling revealed a slight decrease in the vividness of imagery from adolescence to early adulthood, followed by relative stability after that.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The VVIQ-Pr2 is a psychometrically reliable assessment tool for Persian speakers. In addition to operationalizing subjective visual experience in theories on reality monitoring, it may facilitate future cross-cultural and developmental research.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12808923/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145988275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-Term Trends in Parkinson's Disease and Associated Mental Health Disorders: Insights From the CDC WONDER Database, 1999–2023 帕金森病和相关精神健康障碍的长期趋势：来自CDC WONDER数据库的见解，1999-2023

IF 2.7 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.71190

Taha Alam, Waqas Burney, Sohaima Kamal, Ahmad Kamal, Iman Osman Abufatima, Umair Ali, Muhammad Mukhlis, Aneezeh Khatri, Norina Usman, Noorulain Aqeel, Mohammed Shahabuddin Mollah, Muhammad Shaheer Bin Faheem

Background

The U.S. population is aging with an increasing burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) and its frequent co-occurring mental health disorders. However, mortality trends related to PD and these comorbid mental health disorders among older adults remain understudied.

Objective

To examine trends in mortality due to PD and related mental health conditions among adults aged 45 and older in the United States from 1999 to 2023.

Methods

We extracted mortality data for PD and mental health-related conditions among individuals aged 45 and older from the CDC WONDER database. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were calculated per 100,000 persons and stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, census region, and urbanization status. Annual percentage changes (APCs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the Joinpoint regression program.

Results

PD and its associated mental health disorders resulted in 238,378 deaths between 1999 and 2023. The AAMR increased significantly from 3.83 in 1999 to 8.49 in 2023 with an AAPC of 3.20 (p = 0.005). Males consistently showed higher AAMRs than females (overall AAMR male: 11.40 vs. female: 5.75). Non-Hispanic (NH) Whites had the highest mortality rates (8.67), while NH African Americans exhibited the lowest (4.66). Crude mortality rate was the highest among older adults (21.09), reflecting the greatest burden in this population. Similarly, the mortality rates were higher in nonmetropolitan areas (8.15) than the metropolitan areas (7.72). The highest AAMR was noted in the Midwest (9.18), with a standard deviation of 14.08 in Minnesota and 5.44 in Arizona. The majority of the deaths were recorded in nursing or long-term care facilities (52.65%).

Conclusion

The increasing trend in mortality highlights the necessity of focused preventive, diagnostic, and treatment approaches for all susceptible groups.

背景：美国人口正在老龄化，帕金森病（PD）的负担越来越重，并经常伴有精神健康障碍。然而，老年人中PD和这些共病精神健康障碍相关的死亡率趋势仍未得到充分研究。目的：研究1999年至2023年美国45岁及以上成年人PD及相关心理健康状况的死亡率趋势。方法：我们从CDC WONDER数据库中提取年龄在45岁及以上的PD和精神健康相关疾病的死亡率数据。计算每10万人的年龄调整死亡率（AAMRs），并按性别、种族/民族、人口普查地区和城市化状况分层。使用Joinpoint回归程序估计年百分比变化（APCs）及其95%置信区间（ci）。结果：1999年至2023年间，PD及其相关精神健康障碍导致238,378人死亡。AAMR由1999年的3.83增加到2023年的8.49，AAPC为3.20 （p = 0.005）。男性的AAMR始终高于女性（男性总体AAMR为11.40，女性为5.75）。非西班牙裔（NH）白人的死亡率最高（8.67），而NH非洲裔美国人的死亡率最低（4.66）。粗死亡率在老年人中最高（21.09），反映了这一人群的最大负担。同样，非大都市地区的死亡率（8.15）高于大都市地区（7.72）。中西部地区的AAMR最高（9.18），明尼苏达州的标准偏差为14.08，亚利桑那州的标准偏差为5.44。大多数死亡发生在护理或长期护理机构（52.65%）。结论：死亡率的上升趋势突出了对所有易感人群采取重点预防、诊断和治疗方法的必要性。

{"title":"Long-Term Trends in Parkinson's Disease and Associated Mental Health Disorders: Insights From the CDC WONDER Database, 1999–2023","authors":"Taha Alam, Waqas Burney, Sohaima Kamal, Ahmad Kamal, Iman Osman Abufatima, Umair Ali, Muhammad Mukhlis, Aneezeh Khatri, Norina Usman, Noorulain Aqeel, Mohammed Shahabuddin Mollah, Muhammad Shaheer Bin Faheem","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71190","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71190","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The U.S. population is aging with an increasing burden of Parkinson's disease (PD) and its frequent co-occurring mental health disorders. However, mortality trends related to PD and these comorbid mental health disorders among older adults remain understudied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To examine trends in mortality due to PD and related mental health conditions among adults aged 45 and older in the United States from 1999 to 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We extracted mortality data for PD and mental health-related conditions among individuals aged 45 and older from the CDC WONDER database. Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs) were calculated per 100,000 persons and stratified by sex, race/ethnicity, census region, and urbanization status. Annual percentage changes (APCs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using the Joinpoint regression program.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PD and its associated mental health disorders resulted in 238,378 deaths between 1999 and 2023. The AAMR increased significantly from 3.83 in 1999 to 8.49 in 2023 with an AAPC of 3.20 (<i>p</i> = 0.005). Males consistently showed higher AAMRs than females (overall AAMR male: 11.40 vs. female: 5.75). Non-Hispanic (NH) Whites had the highest mortality rates (8.67), while NH African Americans exhibited the lowest (4.66). Crude mortality rate was the highest among older adults (21.09), reflecting the greatest burden in this population. Similarly, the mortality rates were higher in nonmetropolitan areas (8.15) than the metropolitan areas (7.72). The highest AAMR was noted in the Midwest (9.18), with a standard deviation of 14.08 in Minnesota and 5.44 in Arizona. The majority of the deaths were recorded in nursing or long-term care facilities (52.65%).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increasing trend in mortality highlights the necessity of focused preventive, diagnostic, and treatment approaches for all susceptible groups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12796856/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145958888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

UMI-77 Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy by Modulating the Brain-Gut Axis uni -77通过调节脑肠轴改善脂多糖诱导的败血症相关脑病。

IF 2.7 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.71175

Yu Ke, Cuicui Dong, Chang Liu, Menglu Ni, Yuting Chen, Yurou Zhang, Yingyue Wang, Yubin Xu, Guirong Chen

Purpose

Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common neurological complication of sepsis. UMI-77 has shown unique benefits in modulating inflammation to improve sepsis. However, the exact role of UMI-77 in the treatment of SAE and its mechanism are unknown.

Aim

This article analyzes UMI-77 based on metabolomics and explores its mechanism of action in treating SAE based on the brain-gut axis.

Method

In this study, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of UMI-77 on SAE mice. Applying untargeted metabolomics analysis, the metabolic changes in the brain and intestines of septic mice treated with UMI-77 were examined. Furthermore, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to select predictive biomarkers for exploring the mechanism of UMI-77 in treating SAE.

Findings

Sixty-six significant biomarkers in the brain were found and selected with the aid of untargeted the metabolomic method. Metabolic pathway analysis indicates that these differential metabolites are mainly involved in the metabolism of linoleic acid, biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, and phenylalanine metabolism. Seventy-eight important biomarkers were identified and selected in the intestine; metabolic pathway analysis revealed that these differential metabolites were mainly involved in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and biotin metabolism. L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and 5-hydroxy-tryptophan are the most important metabolites.

Conclusion

UMI-77 plays a positive regulatory role in disrupting the gut microbiota of mice through pathways such as the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, and can significantly improve neurological function and reduce apoptosis of brain tissue cells.

目的：脓毒症相关脑病（SAE）是一种常见的败血症神经系统并发症。uni -77在调节炎症以改善败血症方面显示出独特的益处。然而，UMI-77在SAE治疗中的确切作用及其机制尚不清楚。目的：基于代谢组学对UMI-77进行分析，探讨其治疗脑肠轴SAE的作用机制。方法：采用苏木精伊红（H&E）染色法和免疫荧光染色法评价UMI-77对SAE小鼠的治疗作用。应用非靶向代谢组学分析，检测了经uni -77处理的脓毒症小鼠脑和肠道的代谢变化。此外，采用受试者工作特征（ROC）分析选择预测性生物标志物，探索uni -77治疗SAE的机制。结果：在非靶向代谢组学方法的帮助下，在大脑中发现并选择了66个显著的生物标志物。代谢途径分析表明，这些差异代谢物主要参与亚油酸的代谢，苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成，以及苯丙氨酸的代谢。在肠道中鉴定和选择了78个重要的生物标志物；代谢途径分析表明，这些差异代谢物主要参与苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸的生物合成和生物素的代谢。l -苯丙氨酸、l -酪氨酸和5-羟基色氨酸是最重要的代谢物。结论：UMI-77通过苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸、色氨酸等生物合成途径破坏小鼠肠道微生物群，具有正向调节作用，可显著改善神经功能，减少脑组织细胞凋亡。

{"title":"UMI-77 Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Sepsis-Associated Encephalopathy by Modulating the Brain-Gut Axis","authors":"Yu Ke, Cuicui Dong, Chang Liu, Menglu Ni, Yuting Chen, Yurou Zhang, Yingyue Wang, Yubin Xu, Guirong Chen","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71175","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71175","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Purpose</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a common neurological complication of sepsis. UMI-77 has shown unique benefits in modulating inflammation to improve sepsis. However, the exact role of UMI-77 in the treatment of SAE and its mechanism are unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aim</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article analyzes UMI-77 based on metabolomics and explores its mechanism of action in treating SAE based on the brain-gut axis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this study, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect of UMI-77 on SAE mice. Applying untargeted metabolomics analysis, the metabolic changes in the brain and intestines of septic mice treated with UMI-77 were examined. Furthermore, Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to select predictive biomarkers for exploring the mechanism of UMI-77 in treating SAE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Findings</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sixty-six significant biomarkers in the brain were found and selected with the aid of untargeted the metabolomic method. Metabolic pathway analysis indicates that these differential metabolites are mainly involved in the metabolism of linoleic acid, biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, and phenylalanine metabolism. Seventy-eight important biomarkers were identified and selected in the intestine; metabolic pathway analysis revealed that these differential metabolites were mainly involved in phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis, and biotin metabolism. L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and 5-hydroxy-tryptophan are the most important metabolites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>UMI-77 plays a positive regulatory role in disrupting the gut microbiota of mice through pathways such as the biosynthesis of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan, and can significantly improve neurological function and reduce apoptosis of brain tissue cells.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12796848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145958682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relationship Between Serum Vitamins and Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: A Study Based on the NHANES Database 血清维生素与老年人认知功能障碍的关系：基于NHANES数据库的研究

IF 2.7 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.71181

Jiarui Miao, Danyu Zhao

Background

Vitamins, as a modifiable lifestyle factor, are increasingly recognized for their protective role in cognitive health. However, the synergy or interaction among vitamins remains unclear.

Objectives

This work aimed to analyze the association of serum vitamin D, folic acid (FA), and vitamin B12 with cognitive impairment in the elderly.

Methods

Data included 2582 elderly participants aged 60 and older from the NHANES, 2011–2014. Weighted logistic regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) models were used to analyze the association of serum vitamins and their mixture with cognitive disorder risk. Interaction effects among vitamins were investigated. Sensitivity analyses accounting for vitamin supplements, depression, and sleep disorders, and subgroup analyses focusing on high vitamin B12 levels were performed.

Results

After adjusting for confounding factors, serum Vitamin D (OR = 0.695, 95% CI: 0.534–0.905, p = 0.003) and FA (OR = 0.777, 95% CI: 0.604–0.999, p = 0.034) levels were inversely correlated with cognitive disorder risk. Both remained robust after considering vitamin supplements and comorbidities in the sensitivity analyses. The BKMR model indicated a significant increase in cognitive impairment risk when the overall vitamin mixture level fell below the 50th percentile. A U-shaped association was detected between vitamin B12 and cognitive disorder risk. Vitamin B12 and FA had potential interaction effects. The WQS model revealed the largest contribution by FA (56.0%) to the overall protective effect on the cognitive disorder risk. The association with high vitamin B12 was predominantly observed in individuals with specific metabolic conditions, including kidney stones and hypertension.

Conclusion

Optimizing vitamin D and FA levels remains the key to reducing cognitive impairment risk in FA-supplemented populations. Vitamin B12 management requires greater precision; its high level in specific metabolic patients may signal health risks. This study provides new evidence for precise nutritional intervention for the elderly.

背景：维生素作为一种可改变的生活方式因素，在认知健康方面的保护作用日益得到认可。然而，维生素之间的协同作用或相互作用尚不清楚。目的：分析血清维生素D、叶酸（FA）和维生素B12与老年人认知功能障碍的关系。方法：数据纳入2011-2014年NHANES中2582名60岁及以上的老年人。采用加权logistic回归、贝叶斯核机回归（BKMR）和加权分位数和（WQS）模型分析血清维生素及其混合物与认知障碍风险的关系。研究了多种维生素之间的相互作用。对维生素补充剂、抑郁症和睡眠障碍进行敏感性分析，并对高维生素B12水平进行亚组分析。结果：校正混杂因素后，血清维生素D （OR = 0.695, 95% CI: 0.534 ~ 0.905, p = 0.003）和FA （OR = 0.777, 95% CI: 0.604 ~ 0.999, p = 0.034）水平与认知障碍风险呈负相关。在敏感性分析中考虑了维生素补充剂和合并症后，两者都保持稳健。BKMR模型表明，当整体维生素混合物水平低于第50百分位数时，认知障碍风险显著增加。在维生素B12和认知障碍风险之间发现了u型关联。维生素B12和FA有潜在的相互作用。WQS模型显示，FA对认知障碍风险的总体保护作用贡献最大（56.0%）。与高维生素B12的关联主要见于有特定代谢状况的个体，包括肾结石和高血压。结论：优化维生素D和FA水平是降低FA补充人群认知功能障碍风险的关键。维生素B12的管理需要更精确；它在特定代谢患者体内的高水平可能预示着健康风险。本研究为老年人的精准营养干预提供了新的依据。

{"title":"Relationship Between Serum Vitamins and Cognitive Impairment in the Elderly: A Study Based on the NHANES Database","authors":"Jiarui Miao, Danyu Zhao","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71181","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71181","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Vitamins, as a modifiable lifestyle factor, are increasingly recognized for their protective role in cognitive health. However, the synergy or interaction among vitamins remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This work aimed to analyze the association of serum vitamin D, folic acid (FA), and vitamin B12 with cognitive impairment in the elderly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data included 2582 elderly participants aged 60 and older from the NHANES, 2011–2014. Weighted logistic regression, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) models were used to analyze the association of serum vitamins and their mixture with cognitive disorder risk. Interaction effects among vitamins were investigated. Sensitivity analyses accounting for vitamin supplements, depression, and sleep disorders, and subgroup analyses focusing on high vitamin B12 levels were performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After adjusting for confounding factors, serum Vitamin D (OR = 0.695, 95% CI: 0.534–0.905, <i>p </i>= 0.003) and FA (OR = 0.777, 95% CI: 0.604–0.999, <i>p </i>= 0.034) levels were inversely correlated with cognitive disorder risk. Both remained robust after considering vitamin supplements and comorbidities in the sensitivity analyses. The BKMR model indicated a significant increase in cognitive impairment risk when the overall vitamin mixture level fell below the 50th percentile. A U-shaped association was detected between vitamin B12 and cognitive disorder risk. Vitamin B12 and FA had potential interaction effects. The WQS model revealed the largest contribution by FA (56.0%) to the overall protective effect on the cognitive disorder risk. The association with high vitamin B12 was predominantly observed in individuals with specific metabolic conditions, including kidney stones and hypertension.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Optimizing vitamin D and FA levels remains the key to reducing cognitive impairment risk in FA-supplemented populations. Vitamin B12 management requires greater precision; its high level in specific metabolic patients may signal health risks. This study provides new evidence for precise nutritional intervention for the elderly.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12796845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145958211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

EEG Microstates Are Associated with Motor Function in Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study 脑电图微状态与帕金森病运动功能相关：一项横断面观察研究

IF 2.7 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.71151

Jiayu Cai, Yuqing Zhao, Jian Song, Xianling Xu, Jinfeng Xu, Haoran Shi, Wei Wei, Xiehua Xue

Objectives:

Electroencephalogram (EEG) microstates can precisely capture transient brain activity changes on sub-second time scales and are used to evaluate global dynamic functional alterations in the brains of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. This study primarily investigates the differences in microstate features between PD patients and healthy subjects, while exploring their correlations with clinical symptoms.

Methods:

We enrolled 75 PD patients and 44 healthy controls (HCs) who underwent simultaneous EEG microstate recording and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) evaluation. All PD patients underwent comprehensive evaluation using the International Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Parts I and III (MDS-UPDRS I & III).

Results:

PD patients demonstrated significantly increased mean coverage and duration of microstate D compared with HCs, together with elevated transition probabilities from microstates A, B, and C to D. Importantly, both the mean coverage of microstate D and the transition probability from microstate B to D showed significant positive correlations with MDS-UPDRS III scores. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the mean coverage of microstate D (AUC = 0.674) and the transition probability from microstate B to D (AUC = 0.617) could distinguish between PD patients and HCs.

Conclusion:

The observed abnormalities in microstate dynamics among PD patients may stem from an imbalance in neural network dynamics. These results indicate that EEG microstates may serve as potential biomarkers for assessing and monitoring motor function in PD.

目的：脑电图（EEG）微状态可以精确捕捉亚秒时间尺度上的短暂脑活动变化，并用于评估帕金森病（PD）患者大脑的整体动态功能改变。本研究主要考察PD患者与健康人微观状态特征的差异，并探讨其与临床症状的相关性。方法：选取75例PD患者和44例健康对照（hc），同时进行EEG微状态记录和蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）。所有PD患者均采用国际运动障碍学会统一帕金森病评定量表第一部分和第三部分（MDS-UPDRS I & III）进行综合评估。结果：与hc相比，PD患者微状态D的平均覆盖范围和持续时间显著增加，同时从微状态A、B和C到D的过渡概率也增加。重要的是，微状态D的平均覆盖范围和从微状态B到D的过渡概率都与MDS-UPDRS III评分呈显著正相关。此外，受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析显示，微状态D的平均覆盖率（AUC = 0.674）和从微状态B到D的转换概率（AUC = 0.617）可以区分PD患者和hc患者。结论：PD患者微状态动力学异常可能是神经网络动力学失衡所致。这些结果表明，脑电图微状态可以作为评估和监测PD运动功能的潜在生物标志物。

{"title":"EEG Microstates Are Associated with Motor Function in Parkinson's Disease: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study","authors":"Jiayu Cai, Yuqing Zhao, Jian Song, Xianling Xu, Jinfeng Xu, Haoran Shi, Wei Wei, Xiehua Xue","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71151","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71151","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Electroencephalogram (EEG) microstates can precisely capture transient brain activity changes on sub-second time scales and are used to evaluate global dynamic functional alterations in the brains of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. This study primarily investigates the differences in microstate features between PD patients and healthy subjects, while exploring their correlations with clinical symptoms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We enrolled 75 PD patients and 44 healthy controls (HCs) who underwent simultaneous EEG microstate recording and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) evaluation. All PD patients underwent comprehensive evaluation using the International Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Parts I and III (MDS-UPDRS I & III).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PD patients demonstrated significantly increased mean coverage and duration of microstate D compared with HCs, together with elevated transition probabilities from microstates A, B, and C to D. Importantly, both the mean coverage of microstate D and the transition probability from microstate B to D showed significant positive correlations with MDS-UPDRS III scores. Furthermore, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the mean coverage of microstate D (AUC = 0.674) and the transition probability from microstate B to D (AUC = 0.617) could distinguish between PD patients and HCs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion:</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The observed abnormalities in microstate dynamics among PD patients may stem from an imbalance in neural network dynamics. These results indicate that EEG microstates may serve as potential biomarkers for assessing and monitoring motor function in PD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12796831/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145958751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

L-Quebrachitol Enhances Sedative Effect of Diazepam Through GABAergic Pathway: Animal and Computational Studies l - quebrachiol通过gaba能途径增强地西泮的镇静作用：动物和计算研究。

IF 2.7 3区心理学 Q2 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES

Brain and Behavior

Pub Date : 2026-01-13 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.71185

Asifa Asrafi, Mohammad Aslam, Md. Sakib Al Hasan, Mohammed Burhan Uddin, Emon Mia, Mohammad Y. Alshahrani, Sumaya Akter Bithi, Mst. Sumaia Akter, Md. Arif Hossain, Md. Torequl Islam

Introduction

Insomnia and other sleep disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, while current sedative medications such as benzodiazepines, though effective, are often limited by side effects and dependency risks. Therefore, identifying safe natural compounds with sedative potential is of growing scientific and clinical interest. L-quebrachitol (LQL), a naturally occurring cyclitol compound with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic properties, has not been previously evaluated for its sedative effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential sedative effects of LQL through both in vivo and in silico methods.

Methods

In this experiment, 2-day-old broiler chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) were given thiopental sodium (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [ip]) to induce sleep. LQL (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, ip) and diazepam (2 mg/kg, ip) were administered alone or together to assess their synergistic or antagonistic effects on chicks. To assess its potential for interacting with the GABA_A receptor (α1 and β2 subunits), a molecular docking study was carried out.

Result

According to the in vivo investigation, the results indicate that LQL decreased the latency period while extending the animal's sleep duration time in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the combination of LQL-10 (10 mg/kg) and diazepam 2 (2 mg/kg) showed (p < 0.05) enhanced sedative effects significantly by decreasing latency time and prolonging sleeping duration. In addition, LQL has a moderate binding affinity of −5.3 kcal/mol against the GABA_A receptor (α1 and β2 subunits), but forms strong hydrogen bond interactions and similar amino acid residues with standard drug diazepam, suggesting potential therapeutic effects. Further, LQL also demonstrated promising pharmacokinetic properties and low toxicity.

Conclusion

These findings collectively enhance the potential of LQL as an effective sedative therapeutic agent. However, further research, including in vitro studies to confirm the molecular interactions and membrane permeability, followed by well-designed clinical trials, is necessary to fully establish LQL as a safe and effective sedative agent.

失眠和其他睡眠障碍在世界范围内变得越来越普遍，而目前的镇静药物，如苯二氮卓类药物，虽然有效，但往往受到副作用和依赖风险的限制。因此，鉴定具有镇静潜力的安全天然化合物是日益增长的科学和临床兴趣。L-quebrachitol （LQL）是一种天然存在的环糖醇化合物，具有抗氧化、抗菌和抗糖尿病的特性，但其镇静作用尚未被评估。本研究的目的是通过体内和体外两种方法来评估LQL的潜在镇静作用。方法：采用硫喷妥钠（10 mg/kg，腹腔注射）诱导2日龄肉仔鸡（Gallus Gallus domesticus）入睡。LQL（1、5、10 mg/kg, ip）和地西泮（2 mg/kg, ip）分别单独或联合给药，观察其对雏鸡的协同或拮抗作用。为了评估其与GABAA受体（α1和β2亚基）相互作用的潜力，进行了分子对接研究。结果：体内实验结果表明，LQL具有降低小鼠潜伏期，延长小鼠睡眠持续时间的作用，且呈剂量依赖性。此外，LQL-10 （10 mg/kg）与地西泮2 （2 mg/kg）联用后显示p α受体（α1和β2亚基），但与标准药物地西泮形成强氢键相互作用，氨基酸残基相似，提示潜在的治疗作用。此外，LQL还显示出良好的药代动力学特性和低毒性。结论：这些发现共同增强了LQL作为一种有效的镇静治疗剂的潜力。然而，进一步的研究，包括体外研究以确认分子相互作用和膜通透性，以及精心设计的临床试验，需要充分证实LQL是一种安全有效的镇静剂。

{"title":"L-Quebrachitol Enhances Sedative Effect of Diazepam Through GABAergic Pathway: Animal and Computational Studies","authors":"Asifa Asrafi, Mohammad Aslam, Md. Sakib Al Hasan, Mohammed Burhan Uddin, Emon Mia, Mohammad Y. Alshahrani, Sumaya Akter Bithi, Mst. Sumaia Akter, Md. Arif Hossain, Md. Torequl Islam","doi":"10.1002/brb3.71185","DOIUrl":"10.1002/brb3.71185","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Insomnia and other sleep disorders are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide, while current sedative medications such as benzodiazepines, though effective, are often limited by side effects and dependency risks. Therefore, identifying safe natural compounds with sedative potential is of growing scientific and clinical interest. L-quebrachitol (LQL), a naturally occurring cyclitol compound with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic properties, has not been previously evaluated for its sedative effects. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential sedative effects of LQL through both in vivo and in silico methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this experiment, 2-day-old broiler chicks (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>) were given thiopental sodium (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [ip]) to induce sleep. LQL (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, ip) and diazepam (2 mg/kg, ip) were administered alone or together to assess their synergistic or antagonistic effects on chicks. To assess its potential for interacting with the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor (α1 and β2 subunits), a molecular docking study was carried out.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Result</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>According to the in vivo investigation, the results indicate that LQL decreased the latency period while extending the animal's sleep duration time in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the combination of LQL-10 (10 mg/kg) and diazepam 2 (2 mg/kg) showed (<i>p</i> < 0.05) enhanced sedative effects significantly by decreasing latency time and prolonging sleeping duration. In addition, LQL has a moderate binding affinity of −5.3 kcal/mol against the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor (α1 and β2 subunits), but forms strong hydrogen bond interactions and similar amino acid residues with standard drug diazepam, suggesting potential therapeutic effects. Further, LQL also demonstrated promising pharmacokinetic properties and low toxicity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings collectively enhance the potential of LQL as an effective sedative therapeutic agent. However, further research, including in vitro studies to confirm the molecular interactions and membrane permeability, followed by well-designed clinical trials, is necessary to fully establish LQL as a safe and effective sedative agent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":9081,"journal":{"name":"Brain and Behavior","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12796828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145958828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0