Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-0517.1000169
A. Ertelt, O. Kershaw, C. Förster, M. König, H. Gehlen
The Papillomaviridae family comprises a large number of viruses that can infect a broad range of hosts giving rise to benign lesions of the skin or mucosal membranes. Until today, seven viruses termed EcPV1-7 were identified in equine papillomas. Two trotter stallion siblings at the age of two were referred to the Equine Clinic of Free University of Berlin, because of erythema, alopecia and crusting. After a diagnosis of immune-mediated skin disease, the horses underwent long-term treatment with glucocorticoids and azathioprine. Two months later, both horses developed hundreds of small wart-like proliferations on the head, neck, chest and trunk. Six healthy horses, housed in the same stable, were used to assess the occurrence of the virus in healthy skin. Biopsies were obtained for histopathology and for amplification and cloning of the papillomavirus genome as well as for sequence analysis. Histopathology revealed well demarcated cup-shaped epidermal proliferations. Foci were covered by parakeratotic, or abnormally formed, keratin. In deeper layers, numerous enlarged cells with cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion-like structures and occasional intranuclear basophilic inclusion bodies were striking, existing beside cells with a peripheral cytoplasmic clearing (koilocytes). Histopathological findings were consistent with endophytic papilloma similar to the Le Net-type described in immunosuppressed dogs caused by a distinct canine papillomavirus. Furthermore, papillomavirus DNA was detected in tissue samples using a broad range PCR analysis. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of a partial sequence from the L1 gene indicated a putative new papillomavirus that has not been described in horses so far. Biopsies of the control horses showed no abnormalities in histopathology and were tested negative for the putative novel papilloma virus DNA.
{"title":"Investigation of a Putative Novel Papillomavirus that causes InvertedPapillomas in Horses","authors":"A. Ertelt, O. Kershaw, C. Förster, M. König, H. Gehlen","doi":"10.4172/2161-0517.1000169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.1000169","url":null,"abstract":"The Papillomaviridae family comprises a large number of viruses that can infect a broad range of hosts giving rise to benign lesions of the skin or mucosal membranes. Until today, seven viruses termed EcPV1-7 were identified in equine papillomas. Two trotter stallion siblings at the age of two were referred to the Equine Clinic of Free University of Berlin, because of erythema, alopecia and crusting. After a diagnosis of immune-mediated skin disease, the horses underwent long-term treatment with glucocorticoids and azathioprine. Two months later, both horses developed hundreds of small wart-like proliferations on the head, neck, chest and trunk. Six healthy horses, housed in the same stable, were used to assess the occurrence of the virus in healthy skin. Biopsies were obtained for histopathology and for amplification and cloning of the papillomavirus genome as well as for sequence analysis. Histopathology revealed well demarcated cup-shaped epidermal proliferations. Foci were covered by parakeratotic, or abnormally formed, keratin. In deeper layers, numerous enlarged cells with cytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion-like structures and occasional intranuclear basophilic inclusion bodies were striking, existing beside cells with a peripheral cytoplasmic clearing (koilocytes). Histopathological findings were consistent with endophytic papilloma similar to the Le Net-type described in immunosuppressed dogs caused by a distinct canine papillomavirus. Furthermore, papillomavirus DNA was detected in tissue samples using a broad range PCR analysis. Preliminary phylogenetic analysis of a partial sequence from the L1 gene indicated a putative new papillomavirus that has not been described in horses so far. Biopsies of the control horses showed no abnormalities in histopathology and were tested negative for the putative novel papilloma virus DNA.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70456702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.4172/2161-0517.1000170
Z. Almoosa, A. Aljughaiman, Jaber Alrasheedi, Muneera Alabdulqader
Adenovirus is a common virus that usually affects children. It is mostly associated with respiratory or gastrointestinal diseases and rarely causes neurological manifestations. In this case we describe a 2-year-old girl with adenovirus pneumonia complicated with transient encephalopathy.
{"title":"Pneumonia Complicated by Transient Encephalopathy: Unusual Presentation of Adenovirus","authors":"Z. Almoosa, A. Aljughaiman, Jaber Alrasheedi, Muneera Alabdulqader","doi":"10.4172/2161-0517.1000170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.1000170","url":null,"abstract":"Adenovirus is a common virus that usually affects children. It is mostly associated with respiratory or gastrointestinal diseases and rarely causes neurological manifestations. In this case we describe a 2-year-old girl with adenovirus pneumonia complicated with transient encephalopathy.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"6 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0517.1000170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70456771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-01-01DOI: 10.29011/2688-8750.100001
Adam Dawria, Ali Mohealdin, Omer Yousof, A. Hussein
Over two million deaths are delayed through immunization each year worldwide. Despite this, vaccine preventable diseases remain the most common cause of childhood mortality. With an estimated three million deaths each year, this field work summarises the main activities and findings of polio eradication activities in Nigeria, from 1stFeb to 30thApril 2012. 33 health facilities and 3 hospitals were visited in order to assess the immunisation activates and surveillance system. The keys activities included technical support in Feb and March IPDs, community sensitization by visiting community leader to solve Non-Compliances (NC), training personnel, validating and reviewing micro plan in ward and Local Government Authorities (LGAs)level, reviewing high risk operational plan in high risk LGA. The main key finding includes Poor quality of training in ward level, there was no training material for Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV), absenteeism and non-comfortable place for training, missed children and missed settlements reported in Immunisation Plus Days (IPDs)in some ward due to inadequate number of teams, dishonest teams and poor close supervision. The main recommendations include State team should continue advocate for political engagement to support the successes polio eradication activities, Intensified monitoring and supervision at field level during the IPDs by all level of supervisors is great solution for improving team performance and reach the missed children, Generalize the pilot team to the rest of LGAs in the state especially in improving the program, team performance, coverage and reducing non-compliance and missed children, Intensify supportive supervision to the surveillance site by the State, WHO officers and the LGA Facilitator.
{"title":"assessment monitoring of an expanded program on immunisations activities in northern nigeria states","authors":"Adam Dawria, Ali Mohealdin, Omer Yousof, A. Hussein","doi":"10.29011/2688-8750.100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.29011/2688-8750.100001","url":null,"abstract":"Over two million deaths are delayed through immunization each year worldwide. Despite this, vaccine preventable diseases remain the most common cause of childhood mortality. With an estimated three million deaths each year, this field work summarises the main activities and findings of polio eradication activities in Nigeria, from 1stFeb to 30thApril 2012. 33 health facilities and 3 hospitals were visited in order to assess the immunisation activates and surveillance system. The keys activities included technical support in Feb and March IPDs, community sensitization by visiting community leader to solve Non-Compliances (NC), training personnel, validating and reviewing micro plan in ward and Local Government Authorities (LGAs)level, reviewing high risk operational plan in high risk LGA. The main key finding includes Poor quality of training in ward level, there was no training material for Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV), absenteeism and non-comfortable place for training, missed children and missed settlements reported in Immunisation Plus Days (IPDs)in some ward due to inadequate number of teams, dishonest teams and poor close supervision. The main recommendations include State team should continue advocate for political engagement to support the successes polio eradication activities, Intensified monitoring and supervision at field level during the IPDs by all level of supervisors is great solution for improving team performance and reach the missed children, Generalize the pilot team to the rest of LGAs in the state especially in improving the program, team performance, coverage and reducing non-compliance and missed children, Intensify supportive supervision to the surveillance site by the State, WHO officers and the LGA Facilitator.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69481187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-12DOI: 10.4172/2161-0517.1000160
F. Fadel, Doaa M. Salah, H. Bazaraa
Pediatric kidney transplant recipients are at special risk of infection with opportunistic fungi, such as Aspergillus spp., which is uncommon but can be fatal. We report a 16 year male renal transplant recipient, who suffered from acute graft dysfunction five months post transplantation. Imaging of the graft revealed sever back pressure and increased echogenic contents with a distinct pelviureteric ill-defined small mass. Percutaneous nephrostomy was done to relieve the obstruction and microscopic examination and fungal culture of the nephrostomy urine were done which revealed the organism (Aspergillus fumigatus). He developed initial improvement subsequent to relief of obstruction; graft function partially regained and received voriconazole for six months. His radiological finding gradually disappeared and graft function resumed to an acceptable level 4 weeks later. As of September 2016 (6 years later), despite the graft injuries, graft function had been conserved. This case serves to reinforce the concept that high index of suspicion of such infection and repeated examination with specific culture media are mandatory for transplant recipients particularly being potentially treatable and if neglected might be fatal infection.
{"title":"Localized Renal Graft Aspergillosis in a Child after Kidney Transplantation:Case Report and Review of Literature","authors":"F. Fadel, Doaa M. Salah, H. Bazaraa","doi":"10.4172/2161-0517.1000160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.1000160","url":null,"abstract":"Pediatric kidney transplant recipients are at special risk of infection with opportunistic fungi, such as Aspergillus spp., which is uncommon but can be fatal. We report a 16 year male renal transplant recipient, who suffered from acute graft dysfunction five months post transplantation. Imaging of the graft revealed sever back pressure and increased echogenic contents with a distinct pelviureteric ill-defined small mass. Percutaneous nephrostomy was done to relieve the obstruction and microscopic examination and fungal culture of the nephrostomy urine were done which revealed the organism (Aspergillus fumigatus). He developed initial improvement subsequent to relief of obstruction; graft function partially regained and received voriconazole for six months. His radiological finding gradually disappeared and graft function resumed to an acceptable level 4 weeks later. As of September 2016 (6 years later), despite the graft injuries, graft function had been conserved. This case serves to reinforce the concept that high index of suspicion of such infection and repeated examination with specific culture media are mandatory for transplant recipients particularly being potentially treatable and if neglected might be fatal infection.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70456215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-11-03DOI: 10.4172/2161-0517.1000159
Bruno Amorim Costa, Natalia Langenfeld Fuoco, L. Chaves, C. Adriana, I. Rodrigues, Orl, O. Ribeiro, Keila Iamamoto Nogi, K. Scheffer, I. Katz
Background: Rabies cell culture infection test was developed for the isolation of Rabies lyssavirus and as an alternative for the mouse inoculation test. However, tissue culture for street rabies strains produces low viral titer. Here, we assessed the quantity of brain tissue for successful viral isolation toward increased virus titer in effective way. Methods: Brain tissue isolates from different reservoirs species of Brazil were harvested in different concentration and inoculated in mouse neuroblastoma cells (N2a). These isolates were measured infectious viral titer and cell viability followed by consecutive passages in N2a cells. Results: Inoculum containing were prominent Rabies lyssavirus due to higher viral titer and not significantly dead cell. After consecutive passages in N2a cells Rabies lyssavirus variant maintained by vampire bat had remarkable adaptation to the culture system, while isolates from marmoset presents distinct pattern of propagation in N2a cell when compared with other groups. Conclusion: Based on these results, the isolation followed by viral replication assay may be used in isolates from different reservoirs which enable an effective amplification of the wild type virus strains.
{"title":"Rabies lyssavirus Isolates from Brazilian Different Reservoirs Species PresentDistinct Pattern of Propagation in N2a Cell","authors":"Bruno Amorim Costa, Natalia Langenfeld Fuoco, L. Chaves, C. Adriana, I. Rodrigues, Orl, O. Ribeiro, Keila Iamamoto Nogi, K. Scheffer, I. Katz","doi":"10.4172/2161-0517.1000159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.1000159","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Rabies cell culture infection test was developed for the isolation of Rabies lyssavirus and as an alternative for the mouse inoculation test. However, tissue culture for street rabies strains produces low viral titer. Here, we assessed the quantity of brain tissue for successful viral isolation toward increased virus titer in effective way. \u0000Methods: Brain tissue isolates from different reservoirs species of Brazil were harvested in different concentration and inoculated in mouse neuroblastoma cells (N2a). These isolates were measured infectious viral titer and cell viability followed by consecutive passages in N2a cells. \u0000Results: Inoculum containing were prominent Rabies lyssavirus due to higher viral titer and not significantly dead cell. After consecutive passages in N2a cells Rabies lyssavirus variant maintained by vampire bat had remarkable adaptation to the culture system, while isolates from marmoset presents distinct pattern of propagation in N2a cell when compared with other groups. \u0000Conclusion: Based on these results, the isolation followed by viral replication assay may be used in isolates from different reservoirs which enable an effective amplification of the wild type virus strains.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":"0-0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0517.1000159","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70456516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-03DOI: 10.4172/2161-0517.C1.010
N. Tuteja
Background: Fungi are uncommon causes of sinusitis. Many fungi have been associated with fungal sinusitis, including the Aspergillus species, zygomycetes species, several of the dematiaceous fungi including Curvularia, Bipolaris and Exserohilum. The etiological agents of fungal sinusitis reported from India vary from those of the western countries, wherein dematiaceous fungi are more common. Aspergillus spp., are more commonly isolated from the Indian subcontinent.
{"title":"Fungal-plant interaction for crops improvement under changing environment for food security","authors":"N. Tuteja","doi":"10.4172/2161-0517.C1.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.C1.010","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fungi are uncommon causes of sinusitis. Many fungi have been associated with fungal sinusitis, including the Aspergillus species, zygomycetes species, several of the dematiaceous fungi including Curvularia, Bipolaris and Exserohilum. The etiological agents of fungal sinusitis reported from India vary from those of the western countries, wherein dematiaceous fungi are more common. Aspergillus spp., are more commonly isolated from the Indian subcontinent.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70460424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-10-03DOI: 10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011
Rishu Sharma, S. Rai
A section flavi (ASF) is a group of molds associated with aflatoxin production. They are responsible for aflatoxicoses in humans and animals through the feed-animal-food-human chain. Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by the Aspergillus spp. Their presence in fish feeds reduce feed quality and feeding inefficiencies leading to low productivity, poor growth and untimely deaths. Detection of ASF and aflatoxins were carried out on 94 randomly collected fish feed samples from different fish farms in South-Western Nigeria. ASF were detected in all samples with 1873 ASF isolated. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, unnamed taxon and Aspergillus tamari isolated was 1806 (96.40%), 12 (0.64%), 3 (0.16%) and 52 (2.78%) respectively. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 92% of samples followed by aflatoxin G1 (85%), aflatoxin B2 (81%), aflatoxin M1 (75%) and aflatoxin G2 (36%). Highest aflatoxin concentration was 550.8 μg/kg for aflatoxin B1 while highest total aflatoxin concentration recorded was 826.9761 μg/kg. Percentage of samples having total aflatoxin concentration higher than the Maximum Allowable Limit (MAL) in animal feeds as recommended by USFDA (20 μg/kg) was 79.79%. Considering the high incidence of ASF and aflatoxin contamination of sampled fish feeds, the fish industries in Southwestern Nigeria may be at risk of economic losses due to aflatoxicoses in the fish species.
{"title":"Identification of edible mushrooms consumed as delicacies by tribes in North-Eastern part of India using genomic tools","authors":"Rishu Sharma, S. Rai","doi":"10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.C1.011","url":null,"abstract":"A section flavi (ASF) is a group of molds associated with aflatoxin production. They are responsible for aflatoxicoses in humans and animals through the feed-animal-food-human chain. Aflatoxins are potent carcinogenic secondary metabolites produced by the Aspergillus spp. Their presence in fish feeds reduce feed quality and feeding inefficiencies leading to low productivity, poor growth and untimely deaths. Detection of ASF and aflatoxins were carried out on 94 randomly collected fish feed samples from different fish farms in South-Western Nigeria. ASF were detected in all samples with 1873 ASF isolated. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, unnamed taxon and Aspergillus tamari isolated was 1806 (96.40%), 12 (0.64%), 3 (0.16%) and 52 (2.78%) respectively. Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 92% of samples followed by aflatoxin G1 (85%), aflatoxin B2 (81%), aflatoxin M1 (75%) and aflatoxin G2 (36%). Highest aflatoxin concentration was 550.8 μg/kg for aflatoxin B1 while highest total aflatoxin concentration recorded was 826.9761 μg/kg. Percentage of samples having total aflatoxin concentration higher than the Maximum Allowable Limit (MAL) in animal feeds as recommended by USFDA (20 μg/kg) was 79.79%. Considering the high incidence of ASF and aflatoxin contamination of sampled fish feeds, the fish industries in Southwestern Nigeria may be at risk of economic losses due to aflatoxicoses in the fish species.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70460536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-07-21DOI: 10.4172/2161-0517.1000157
M. J. Agrawal, Sudipta Ch, E. MalleswaraRao, L. Ganju
Hippophae rhamnoides (Seabuckthorn) (Family: Elaegnaceae), a medicinal plant from Himalayas, traditionally used for health promotion. The study has been designed to investigate the effect of Sea buckthorn leaf alcoholic extract and other well-known medicinal plants, in Dengue infected U-937 cells (Human Monocytic cell line), as monocytes are the host cells for Dengue virus. Significantly high anti-dengue activity of Seabuckthorn was observed indicating it as a potential candidate for management of Dengue infection.
{"title":"Effect of Hippophae Rhamnoides Leaf Extract against Dengue Virus Infection in U937 Cells","authors":"M. J. Agrawal, Sudipta Ch, E. MalleswaraRao, L. Ganju","doi":"10.4172/2161-0517.1000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0517.1000157","url":null,"abstract":"Hippophae rhamnoides (Seabuckthorn) (Family: Elaegnaceae), a medicinal plant from Himalayas, traditionally used for health promotion. The study has been designed to investigate the effect of Sea buckthorn leaf alcoholic extract and other well-known medicinal plants, in Dengue infected U-937 cells (Human Monocytic cell line), as monocytes are the host cells for Dengue virus. Significantly high anti-dengue activity of Seabuckthorn was observed indicating it as a potential candidate for management of Dengue infection.","PeriodicalId":91631,"journal":{"name":"Virology & mycology : infectious diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4172/2161-0517.1000157","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70456383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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