Pub Date : 2018-09-15DOI: 10.1159/isbn.978-3-318-03059-4
Urvashi B Singh, Rizwan M. Sanadi
The human gut contains 10 times more bacteria than cells elsewhere in human body. The enormous biomass consists of over 400 known bacterial species that generate intense metabolic activity and are of key importance for human health. Resident microbiota actively contributes to host protection through: blocking of colonization by pathogens, development of cell structure and function, development of the immune system and modulation of inflammatory responses, commensal bacteria influence expression of mediators such as intracellular adhesion molecule I (ICAM-I), E-selectin, and Interleukin (IL-8), commensal bacteria also modulate immune responses and enhance cellular homeostatic mechanisms. 1 This ecosystem gets disrupted when exposed to toxic substances in the form of polluted water and food as well as injudicious use of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance, with the emergence of multiple resistant strains, is an increasingly important global problem. This causes destruction of beneficial bacteria leaving behind resistant, pathogenic bacteria. 1 With the number of bacteria-resistant diseases on the rise and the length of time it takes to develop new antibiotics, it might be time to consider another alternative, for eg. the use of beneficial bacteria, the 'Probiotics', which stimulate health promoting indigenous flora and reverting back the change, in the treatment of periodontal disease.
{"title":"PROBIOTICS AND PREBIOTICS","authors":"Urvashi B Singh, Rizwan M. Sanadi","doi":"10.1159/isbn.978-3-318-03059-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/isbn.978-3-318-03059-4","url":null,"abstract":"The human gut contains 10 times more bacteria than cells elsewhere in human body. The enormous biomass consists of over 400 known bacterial species that generate intense metabolic activity and are of key importance for human health. Resident microbiota actively contributes to host protection through: blocking of colonization by pathogens, development of cell structure and function, development of the immune system and modulation of inflammatory responses, commensal bacteria influence expression of mediators such as intracellular adhesion molecule I (ICAM-I), E-selectin, and Interleukin (IL-8), commensal bacteria also modulate immune responses and enhance cellular homeostatic mechanisms. 1 This ecosystem gets disrupted when exposed to toxic substances in the form of polluted water and food as well as injudicious use of antibiotics. Antibiotic resistance, with the emergence of multiple resistant strains, is an increasingly important global problem. This causes destruction of beneficial bacteria leaving behind resistant, pathogenic bacteria. 1 With the number of bacteria-resistant diseases on the rise and the length of time it takes to develop new antibiotics, it might be time to consider another alternative, for eg. the use of beneficial bacteria, the 'Probiotics', which stimulate health promoting indigenous flora and reverting back the change, in the treatment of periodontal disease.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49123077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the current study was to identify pencil-using skills of the children aged 36-66 months. The sample of the study was consisted of 600 children who were attended preschool institutions. As data collection tools; “Observation form for pencil-using skills”, “goniometer” to identify positions of paper, sitting, shoulder, elbow, arm and wrist and “hand dynamometer” and “finger dynamometer” to measure hand-grip strength and compressive strength of fingers were used. Pencil-using skills were assessed under the titles of hand-preference, positions of paper, sitting, shoulder, elbow, arm and wrist, pencil-using skills and pencil-grip point, the number of the pencil-gripping fingers, position of thumb and flexion angle of index finger. According to the research findings; hand-preference, positions of paper, sitting, shoulder, elbow, arm and wrist, pencil-using skills and pencil-grip point, the number of the pencil-gripping fingers did not differ significantly in terms of gender whereas position of thumb and flexion angle of index finger was significantly different on behalf of girls. Positions of paper, sitting, shoulder, elbow, arm and wrist, pencil-using skills and pencil-grip point, position of thumb and flexion angle of index finger did not differ significantly in terms of age whereas the number of the pencil-gripping fingers was significantly different on behalf of children aged 49-60 months. Hand-grip strength and compressive strength of fingers of the children differed significantly on behalf of boys in terms of gender and those aged 61-66 months in terms of age.
{"title":"Identification of Pencil-Using Skills of Children Aged 36-66 Months","authors":"Müge Yurtsever Kiliçgün, Ayşe Kiliçkaya","doi":"10.21276/2454-9916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21276/2454-9916","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the current study was to identify pencil-using skills of the children aged 36-66 months. The sample of the study was consisted of 600 children who were attended preschool institutions. As data collection tools; “Observation form for pencil-using skills”, “goniometer” to identify positions of paper, sitting, shoulder, elbow, arm and wrist and “hand dynamometer” and “finger dynamometer” to measure hand-grip strength and compressive strength of fingers were used. Pencil-using skills were assessed under the titles of hand-preference, positions of paper, sitting, shoulder, elbow, arm and wrist, pencil-using skills and pencil-grip point, the number of the pencil-gripping fingers, position of thumb and flexion angle of index finger. According to the research findings; hand-preference, positions of paper, sitting, shoulder, elbow, arm and wrist, pencil-using skills and pencil-grip point, the number of the pencil-gripping fingers did not differ significantly in terms of gender whereas position of thumb and flexion angle of index finger was significantly different on behalf of girls. Positions of paper, sitting, shoulder, elbow, arm and wrist, pencil-using skills and pencil-grip point, position of thumb and flexion angle of index finger did not differ significantly in terms of age whereas the number of the pencil-gripping fingers was significantly different on behalf of children aged 49-60 months. Hand-grip strength and compressive strength of fingers of the children differed significantly on behalf of boys in terms of gender and those aged 61-66 months in terms of age.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43120004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-11-22DOI: 10.4324/9780203425305-13
N. Singh, Anoj Ekka, Dinanath
We face Conflicts between human development and nature Capacity to Provide The resources for such development. This is a great paradox the countries that have most benefited from industrial development by producing greenhouse gases. The atmosphere surrounding the earth, heats the soil and the Plants also. Greenhouse is the body which allows the short wave length incoming solar radiation to come in but does not allow the long wave outgoing terrestrial infrared radiation to scope in a way and atmosphere energy going up. Green house where co2 acts as like a glass windows. Co2 and water Vapors in the atmosphere transmit short wave length solar radiation but reflect the longer wave length heat radiation from warmed surface of the co2 molecules are transparent to sunlight but not to the heat re action .So the trap and re enforce the solar heat stimulating an effect which is properly known as Greenhouse effect.
{"title":"GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND GLOBAL WARMING","authors":"N. Singh, Anoj Ekka, Dinanath","doi":"10.4324/9780203425305-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203425305-13","url":null,"abstract":"We face Conflicts between human development and nature Capacity to Provide The resources for such development. This is a great paradox the countries that have most benefited from industrial development by producing greenhouse gases. The atmosphere surrounding the earth, heats the soil and the Plants also. Greenhouse is the body which allows the short wave length incoming solar radiation to come in but does not allow the long wave outgoing terrestrial infrared radiation to scope in a way and atmosphere energy going up. Green house where co2 acts as like a glass windows. Co2 and water Vapors in the atmosphere transmit short wave length solar radiation but reflect the longer wave length heat radiation from warmed surface of the co2 molecules are transparent to sunlight but not to the heat re action .So the trap and re enforce the solar heat stimulating an effect which is properly known as Greenhouse effect.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46219485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-07-01DOI: 10.22271/ortho.2017.v3.i3l.124
Nadir Z. Shah, A. Singh, Arohi Sharma
Trochanteric femoral fractures are among the most common injuries necessitating hospital admission. Regardless the type of fracture, trochanteric fractures can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality , especially in elderly patients. [1,2] Surgery is the mainstay of the treatment for both displaced and non displaced trochanteric fractures, to allow early mobilization of the patient, depending on the stability of the reduction and fixation achieved. [4] Dynamic Hip Screw [DHS] as extramedullary and Proximal Femoral Nail [PFN] as intramedullary systems are established and standard in treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures. [5,6] Aim: To compare the results of Dynamic Hip Screw and Proximal Femoral Nail in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. Materials & Methods: In our study we compared DHS with PFN in a group of 60 patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital between August 2013 – December 2016 . Patients with intertrochanteric fractures without having concomitant shaft femur or neck femur fractures were included. The preoperative morbidity was evaluated using Parker’s mobility scale. Salvati and Wilson’s scoring helped in measuring overall functional outcome at 16 & 24 weeks between the two study groups. Results: The preoperative Parker’s mobility scale was comparable between two study groups. Salvati and Wilson’s score at 16 & 24 weeks was significantly better with PFN group. The functional outcome based on SWS score was Fair in 39% of patients operated with DHS at 16 weeks while for PFN it was Fair to Good in 79 % of patients . At 24 weeks it was Fair to Good in 84% patients operated with DHS while in case of PFN the score was Fair to Good in 59% of the patients & Excellent in 38% of the patients. Conclusion: Our conclusion from this study supported the use of PFN for both stable and unstable peritrochanteric fractures over DHS due to its lesser operation time, lesser blood loss, early weight bearing, limited open reduction & better functional outcome.
{"title":"A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF FIXATION OF PERTROCHANTERIC FRACTURES WITH DYNAMIC HIP SCREW AND PROXIMAL FEMORAL NAIL","authors":"Nadir Z. Shah, A. Singh, Arohi Sharma","doi":"10.22271/ortho.2017.v3.i3l.124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22271/ortho.2017.v3.i3l.124","url":null,"abstract":"Trochanteric femoral fractures are among the most common injuries necessitating hospital admission. Regardless the type of fracture, trochanteric fractures can lead to substantial morbidity and mortality , especially in elderly patients. [1,2] Surgery is the mainstay of the treatment for both displaced and non displaced trochanteric fractures, to allow early mobilization of the patient, depending on the stability of the reduction and fixation achieved. [4] Dynamic Hip Screw [DHS] as extramedullary and Proximal Femoral Nail [PFN] as intramedullary systems are established and standard in treatment of trochanteric femoral fractures. [5,6] Aim: To compare the results of Dynamic Hip Screw and Proximal Femoral Nail in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures. Materials & Methods: In our study we compared DHS with PFN in a group of 60 patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital between August 2013 – December 2016 . Patients with intertrochanteric fractures without having concomitant shaft femur or neck femur fractures were included. The preoperative morbidity was evaluated using Parker’s mobility scale. Salvati and Wilson’s scoring helped in measuring overall functional outcome at 16 & 24 weeks between the two study groups. Results: The preoperative Parker’s mobility scale was comparable between two study groups. Salvati and Wilson’s score at 16 & 24 weeks was significantly better with PFN group. The functional outcome based on SWS score was Fair in 39% of patients operated with DHS at 16 weeks while for PFN it was Fair to Good in 79 % of patients . At 24 weeks it was Fair to Good in 84% patients operated with DHS while in case of PFN the score was Fair to Good in 59% of the patients & Excellent in 38% of the patients. Conclusion: Our conclusion from this study supported the use of PFN for both stable and unstable peritrochanteric fractures over DHS due to its lesser operation time, lesser blood loss, early weight bearing, limited open reduction & better functional outcome.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41684015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-24DOI: 10.5958/2249-7137.2020.00998.2
M. Kumar, R. Khosla
Banks are the foundation of any nation as they are inescapable for the monetary advancement of a nation. Investors are the absolute entirety of any business. Banks are delegates between the investors and borrowers. This connection separates when the borrower neglect to reimburse the vital and premium sum; subsequently the banking segment concentrate on the issue of Non-Performing Assets. So far as India is worried, before 2002 banks have no alternative other than implementing the security through a court/tribunal, to recoup its duty. On the suggestion of Narasimham Committee –II SARFAESI Act 2002 came as a sigh of relief for the banking sector. This demonstration enabled the banks and budgetary organizations for the procurement of the secured resources of the borrowers held with the bankers at the time of availing loans. This paper endeavors to concentrate the execution and effect of SARFAESI Act 2002 for the administration of NPA in Indian Banking.
{"title":"Implementation and impact of sarfaesi act 2002","authors":"M. Kumar, R. Khosla","doi":"10.5958/2249-7137.2020.00998.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2020.00998.2","url":null,"abstract":"Banks are the foundation of any nation as they are inescapable for the monetary advancement of a nation. Investors are the absolute entirety of any business. Banks are delegates between the investors and borrowers. This connection separates when the borrower neglect to reimburse the vital and premium sum; subsequently the banking segment concentrate on the issue of Non-Performing Assets. So far as India is worried, before 2002 banks have no alternative other than implementing the security through a court/tribunal, to recoup its duty. On the suggestion of Narasimham Committee –II SARFAESI Act 2002 came as a sigh of relief for the banking sector. This demonstration enabled the banks and budgetary organizations for the procurement of the secured resources of the borrowers held with the bankers at the time of availing loans. This paper endeavors to concentrate the execution and effect of SARFAESI Act 2002 for the administration of NPA in Indian Banking.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46414404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-05-02DOI: 10.5958/2230-7311.2017.00012.5
Parmjot Kaur
Present study focuses on teacher efficacy of secondary school teachers and its relation with teaching competency. This study was carried out in rural and urban secondary school teachers. Data was collected mainly through questionnaire. Teacher Efficacy Scale (TES) by Kumar and General Teaching Competency Scale (GTCS) by Passi and Lalitha were used respectively. Sample of 200 urban and rural secondary school teachers were randomly selected for collecting data. This study demonstrated that there is a relationship between teacher efficacy and teaching competency. This study also revealed that there is significant difference between rural and urban secondary school teachers.
{"title":"STUDY OF TEACHER EFFICACY OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN RELATION TO THEIR TEACHING COMPETENCY","authors":"Parmjot Kaur","doi":"10.5958/2230-7311.2017.00012.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2230-7311.2017.00012.5","url":null,"abstract":"Present study focuses on teacher efficacy of secondary school teachers and its relation with teaching competency. This study was carried out in rural and urban secondary school teachers. Data was collected mainly through questionnaire. Teacher Efficacy Scale (TES) by Kumar and General Teaching Competency Scale (GTCS) by Passi and Lalitha were used respectively. Sample of 200 urban and rural secondary school teachers were randomly selected for collecting data. This study demonstrated that there is a relationship between teacher efficacy and teaching competency. This study also revealed that there is significant difference between rural and urban secondary school teachers.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48229314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, an organization with two grades, subjected to exit of personnel due to policy decisions taken by the organization is considered. As the exit of personnel is unpredictable a univariate recruitment policy involving two thresholds one is optional and other is mandatory is suggested to enable the organization to plan its decision on recruitment. Assuming that the policy decisions and exits occur at different epochs, a stochastic model is constructed and the mean time to recruitment is obtained when the loss of manpower at each decision epoch are identically distributed constantly correlated and exchangeable exponential random variables, thresholds follows independent and identically distributed exponential random variables , the inter-policy decision times are identically distributed constantly correlated and exchangeable exponential random variables and inter-exit times form an ordinary renewal process.
{"title":"ESTIMATION OF MEAN TIME TO RECRUITMENT FOR A TWO GRADED MANPOWER SYSTEM WITH TWO THRESHOLDS, DIFFERENT EPOCH FOR EXITS AND CORRELATED INTER-DECISIONS UNDER CORRELATED WASTAGE","authors":"L. Saral, S. Selvi, A. Srinivasan","doi":"10.21474/IJAR01/2640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/2640","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an organization with two grades, subjected to exit of personnel due to policy decisions taken by the organization is considered. As the exit of personnel is unpredictable a univariate recruitment policy involving two thresholds one is optional and other is mandatory is suggested to enable the organization to plan its decision on recruitment. Assuming that the policy decisions and exits occur at different epochs, a stochastic model is constructed and the mean time to recruitment is obtained when the loss of manpower at each decision epoch are identically distributed constantly correlated and exchangeable exponential random variables, thresholds follows independent and identically distributed exponential random variables , the inter-policy decision times are identically distributed constantly correlated and exchangeable exponential random variables and inter-exit times form an ordinary renewal process.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68614424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rinzhin T Sherpa, Kimberly F Atkinson, Viviana P Ferreira, Surya M Nauli
Primary cilia arebiophysically-sensitive organelles responsible for sensing fluid-flow and transducing this stimulus into intracellular responses. Previous studies have shown that the primary cilia mediate flow-induced calcium influx, and sensitivity of cilia function to flow is correlated to cilia length. Cells with abnormal cilia length or function can lead to a host of diseases that are collectively termed as ciliopathies. Rapamycin, a potent inhibitor of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), has been demonstrated to be a potential pharmacological agent against the aberrant mTOR signaling seen in ciliopathies such as polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Here we look at the effects of rapamycin on ciliary length and function for the first time. Compared to controls, primary cilia in rapamycin-treated porcine renal epithelial and mouse vascular endothelial cells showed a significant increase in length. Graded increases in fluid-shear stress further indicates that rapamycin enhances cilia sensitivity to fluid flow. Treatment with rapamycin led to G0 arrest in porcine epithelial cells while no significant change in cell cycle were observed in rapamycin-treated mouse epithelial or endothelial cells, indicating a species-specific effect of rapamycin. Given the previousin vitro and in vivo studies establishing rapamycin as a potential therapeutic agent for ciliopathies, such as PKD and TSC, our studies show that rapamycin enhances ciliary function and sensitivity to fluid flow. The results of our studies suggest a potential ciliotherapeutic effect of rapamycin.
{"title":"RAPAMYCIN INCREASES LENGTH AND MECHANOSENSORY FUNCTION OF PRIMARY CILIA IN RENAL EPITHELIAL AND VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.","authors":"Rinzhin T Sherpa, Kimberly F Atkinson, Viviana P Ferreira, Surya M Nauli","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primary cilia arebiophysically-sensitive organelles responsible for sensing fluid-flow and transducing this stimulus into intracellular responses. Previous studies have shown that the primary cilia mediate flow-induced calcium influx, and sensitivity of cilia function to flow is correlated to cilia length. Cells with abnormal cilia length or function can lead to a host of diseases that are collectively termed as ciliopathies. Rapamycin, a potent inhibitor of mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin), has been demonstrated to be a potential pharmacological agent against the aberrant mTOR signaling seen in ciliopathies such as polycystic kidney disease (PKD) and tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Here we look at the effects of rapamycin on ciliary length and function for the first time. Compared to controls, primary cilia in rapamycin-treated porcine renal epithelial and mouse vascular endothelial cells showed a significant increase in length. Graded increases in fluid-shear stress further indicates that rapamycin enhances cilia sensitivity to fluid flow. Treatment with rapamycin led to G0 arrest in porcine epithelial cells while no significant change in cell cycle were observed in rapamycin-treated mouse epithelial or endothelial cells, indicating a species-specific effect of rapamycin. Given the previousin vitro and in vivo studies establishing rapamycin as a potential therapeutic agent for ciliopathies, such as PKD and TSC, our studies show that rapamycin enhances ciliary function and sensitivity to fluid flow. The results of our studies suggest a potential ciliotherapeutic effect of rapamycin.</p>","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":"2 12","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5436805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35015558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
'Digital India' is yet another initiative with a vision to digitally empower each and every citizen of the country. Digital India project aims at broadening the digital access for Indians and making sure government functions and services are available online to citizens. It hopes to launch a number of health, education and governance initiatives digitally in an attempt to deliver the essential services to all citizens even in far-flung areas.
{"title":"DIGITAL INDIA: LABOUR REFORMS AND CHALLENGES","authors":"S. Deo","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2712168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2712168","url":null,"abstract":"'Digital India' is yet another initiative with a vision to digitally empower each and every citizen of the country. Digital India project aims at broadening the digital access for Indians and making sure government functions and services are available online to citizens. It hopes to launch a number of health, education and governance initiatives digitally in an attempt to deliver the essential services to all citizens even in far-flung areas.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68267328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We are using technology in every sphere of our lives. Then why teaching should be left behind. The age old practice of teaching that is a teacher coming to a class engaging lecture for an hour, at about the same time, chanting the canons is a regular feature of her one hour class. This all is quite boring also for the students. Few students just attend the class for the sake of attendance only. So it is really important to bring a change in the age old method of teaching. Since also now days we are experiencing that many colleges are setting up their campuses at outskirt of cities or there are few students whose colleges are in another city and have to travel such distance daily. Same is the case with teachers too. What will be situation if good education is very accessible? It is possible through e-learning and e-teaching. We are using technology in every sphere of our lives. Then why teaching should be left behind. The age old practice of teaching that is a teacher coming to a class engaging lecture for an hour, at about the same time, chanting the canons is a regular feature of her one hour class. This all is quite boring also for the students. Few students just attend the class for the sake of attendance only. So it is really important to bring a change in the age old method of teaching. Since also now days we are experiencing that many colleges are setting up their campuses at outskirt of cities or there are few students whose colleges are in another city and have to travel such distance daily. Same is the case with teachers too. What will be situation if good education is very accessible? It is possible through e-learning and e-teaching.
{"title":"E TEACHER – A BLOOMING BOON","authors":"S. Deo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2712169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2712169","url":null,"abstract":"We are using technology in every sphere of our lives. Then why teaching should be left behind. The age old practice of teaching that is a teacher coming to a class engaging lecture for an hour, at about the same time, chanting the canons is a regular feature of her one hour class. This all is quite boring also for the students. Few students just attend the class for the sake of attendance only. So it is really important to bring a change in the age old method of teaching. Since also now days we are experiencing that many colleges are setting up their campuses at outskirt of cities or there are few students whose colleges are in another city and have to travel such distance daily. Same is the case with teachers too. What will be situation if good education is very accessible? It is possible through e-learning and e-teaching. We are using technology in every sphere of our lives. Then why teaching should be left behind. The age old practice of teaching that is a teacher coming to a class engaging lecture for an hour, at about the same time, chanting the canons is a regular feature of her one hour class. This all is quite boring also for the students. Few students just attend the class for the sake of attendance only. So it is really important to bring a change in the age old method of teaching. Since also now days we are experiencing that many colleges are setting up their campuses at outskirt of cities or there are few students whose colleges are in another city and have to travel such distance daily. Same is the case with teachers too. What will be situation if good education is very accessible? It is possible through e-learning and e-teaching.","PeriodicalId":91882,"journal":{"name":"International education and research journal","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68267416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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